Index of references to London in Global Information Space with daily updates

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New headings with London from Top 1,000,000 websites extracted on 2020-02-04

# Headings H1-H6 Count
Things to do in London this Christmas 9
M Z Radio London 7
Searcys at the Gherkin – London Restaurant Review 7
LONDON CALLING – WALL ART WITH DISTINCTIVE BRITISH STYLE 6
London Mayoral Election: Fresh candidates fresh policies 6
Prince Harry explains his abdication from Royal duties and loss of HRH title in live speech in London 5
Beyond the Rainbow: London’s Other Gay Scene 5
Private Gastro London 5
Man Stabbed At Naira Marley’s Concert In London 5
Oh What A Year! LondonFuse’s 2019 In Review 4
Imperial College London PhD Scholarship 2020 Fully Funded 4
FASHIONFORROYALS RECOMMENDS – RESTAURANTS IN LONDON FOR A DATE NIGHT 4
Shonee Scored Her Job In London Like Some Kind Of Rom-Com Character 4
All aboard: Amsterdam-London nonstop train service to start 4
London Mayoral Election: All eyes on environment and crime 4
Entering the Countdown to Brussels and London “Side by Side” 4
The Tower of London – 1000 long years… 4
Bomare Company au palmarès de London Stock Exchange Group 4
A foodie’s market: London’s emerging food hall scene 4
London Eye 4
New London Real Estate 4
Dad of London terrorist stabber Sudesh Amman told him ‘Don’t be naughty’ 4
Baginda Sultan berangkat tiba di London UK 4
How to Choose a Virtual Office in London 4
Weekend Staycation at The Arch London 4
LONDON 4
London Fashion Week AW18 in review 4
WEDDING DAY LONDON 23 APRIL 2015 4
London Fashion Week SS18 Roundup 4
THE FUTURE IS IN THE AIR Nike Air Max London Experience 3
What personal injury lawyers in London can do for you 3
We’re located in London UK 3
Phát hiện bom từ thời chiến giữa thủ đô London nhiều người sơ tán 3
RE-Stock London Housing architecture competition early registration deadline is approaching! 3
Part of London’s Soho evacuated for second day following discovery of unexploded World War II bomb 3
The Langham London 3
London stabber posted against Jews on social media displayed violent proclivities from early age 3
we have places all over London including​​ 3
4 London Bands to Curl Up With This Winter Season 3
London The High Commission for Pakistan and its Sub-Missions closed on Wednesday 05 February 2020 3
East London 3
BOB AZU ANAMAH of London School of Economics London University and of 3
Aashni Co Wedding Show – 2018 Show at Somerset House London 3
Why Boiler Service London is Important 3
South East London 3
10 Must-See Exhibitions This Week From Mexico City to London and Beyond 3
Links of London 3
London keeping ISIS alive blaming them for the Stabbings Spree 3
Teroristički napad u Londonu 3
6 Best Places To Visit in London 3
A Third Of Londoners Admit To Seeing Ghosts While Driving 3
It Takes All Sorts – An Unofficial Local Bestiary of London 3
Gabby B Teams Up with London B For a New Single! 3
Exclusive: London MP to push for ‘fundamental’ review of FSCS levy 3
London 3
Join me at Live Well London! 3
Buying a house in London heroine 3
TOTPU: Glossier adding shine to London’s Covent Garden 3
Sivananda Classes in London Help You in Achieving Overall Fitness 3
WTM London 2020: UK World Travel Market London 3
The Unknown History of Gin in London 3
La London Bullion Market Association movió en diciembre un 63 más de oro 3
Welcome to North London’s ultimate makeup academy 2
Pariz in London 2
122 EAST ROAD UNIT 4 LONDON N1 6FB 2
The London Coalition Against Poverty 2
KidZania London 2
London Road Sayers Common West Sussex BN6 9HS 2
Hotels in London England Near Stadium 2
Oriana Sabatini Ingin Tinggal di London Dybala Bakal Pindah Klub 2
Leah London 2
ICE London 2
Hypersonic ‘space plane’ promises four-hour London to Sydney flights by 2030s 2
British Airways launches 2020 special to London and New York 2
NITTO ATP WORLD TOUR FINALS LONDON 2
Welcome to Royal Lancaster London 2
Nice Places to Eat in London 2
Restaurants in Covent Garden London 2
Surprise Daddies: A Contemporary Romance Box Set by London James 2
Walk the Tube Map: The London Underground’s New Map 2
Banjir Labura amp Tapteng Bawa Kayu Gelondongan Anggota DPRD Sumut Ini Usulkan Pembentukan Pansus Ilegal Logging 2
BOOT FASHION LONDON MARRON – Réf 105 2
Artan Dedusha Wins 2020 GUKPT London Main Event For £137430 2
The Establishment of the London Police Inspired the Creation of Detectives in British and American Crime Fiction 2
London tourist hot spot evacuated over possible unexploded WWII bomb 2
Uber loses the right to operate in London 2
ShootMe! London Reality 2
Sheik Jamiu Amiolohun Delivered Lecture At london City Hall Diera Dubai 2
London Book Fair: Rebuilding the University of Mosul Library 2
Slick Stuart and Roja take Album listening party to London 2
Glossier London not popping off anytime soon 2
My London Fashion Week Outfit 1-Tessuti Haul AutumnFeels 2
Mapemallcom Marks amp Spencer London Promo Lingerie amp Beauty Extra Disc 14 Off 2
Digital Marketing Agency based in London 2
U New Yorku i Londonu vožnja električnim skuterima je ilegalna 2
We ship from London Gatwick UKand Warsaw Poland 2
Case handphone – London 2
Greater London 2
London Centre 2
Международная программа «Менторинг в бизнесе» CCE ICF London UK-Moscow Russia 2
Braun India Fashion Week London 2016 Review 2
Toga Wacky AW16 – London Fashion Week Review 2
A Brand-New Adaptation Of Dickens’ A Christmas Carol By Mark Gatiss Will Open At Nottingham Playhouse Prior To Its London Premiere 2
Celebrity Night Out – Irina Shayk Leaves Annabel’s nightclub in London 2
ICE London Expo 2020 2
University College London 2
President’s PhD Scholarships 2020-21 at Imperial College London 2
British Singer Paloma Faith’s London Home Is a Kaleidoscopic Dream 2
London Fashion Week AW16 – Outfit Details OOTD 2
Jai Herbert signs for UFC: Fights Marc Diakiese at UFC London 2
London Restaurant amp Bar News – January 2020 2
Eurostar Launches Direct Journey Between London And Amsterdam 2
Olympia London 2
What I Rent: Ros £419 a month for a four-bedroom houseshare in Roehampton London 2
SiGMA’s London iGathering to kick off 2020 2
Infographic – Planning A London Wedding 2
Imperial College London Inaugurates Cryptocurrency Centre 2
PRITCH London Divine Beings London Fashion Week 2
Jordan Macdonald Looks Back at a Killer Year for London Rockers Texas King 2
london t-shirt 2
Exploring London Bridge 2
Florence Pugh In Givenchy BAFTA Vogue X Tiffany Fashion And Film Afterparty In London 2
Hilton Canary Wharf London – 02/04/2020 2
Park Plaza Westminster Bridge London 2
City University of London 2
Burlexe and Jo King from London Academy of Burlesque 2
Chair and Table Hire services in London 2
London underwater MAP: Chilling climate forecast shows UK capital submerged in 2
londonrealcom 2
The Best Seaside Escapes You Can Reach From London 2
Invest in Turkey Forum amp UK-Turkey Overseas Investment Forum London 2
Saatchi Gallery London covers up artworks after Muslim visitors’ complaints 2
Machine Learning in Finance London 2
london 2
Sweatlife 2020 – Tobacco Dock London 20th amp 21st of June – Save The Date 2
Yardley London luxury soap pack of 3 fragrances – 100g Buy 2 Get 1 Free 2
London Design 2
STK London: A Steakhouse Experience Like No Other 2
London East 2
Показ платьев Alina London в лондонском Mark’s Club 2
Carden Cunietti a Top Interior Designers From London! 2
9 Reasons to Take a Holiday to London in 2020 2
Lauren London shows off Nipsey Hussle tattoo photo 2
Prima tv per Lazzaro Felice di ritorno dai London Critics Circle Awards 2
Miss World Pageant 2019 Live Stream Reddit London TV 2
Interview with Armando Isaac co-Founder of Harber London 2
Chicago Huntsmen – London Preview 2
Metal warehouse in London Structural engineering 2
Mining Journal Select: London 2
Dianna Agron In Miu Miu Vogue x Tiffany Fashion amp Film After Party in London 2
Why Bath Is The Perfect Weekend Escape From London 2
Three strikes and 100000 students are out of London-area schools 2
London Paddington to Heathrow Central in 15 mins 2
Centrul de Tehnologie şi Operaţiuni din Bucureşti al London Stock Exchange Group a ajuns la 200 de angajaţi 2
Luckies of London 2
Rising London trio Mad Teeth and Kida Kudz unveil official video for ‘Money Brain’ 2
Double Decker Exhibition Stands Design London Structural engineering 2
Dita Von Teese – Promoting Her New Tour Glamonatrix in London 31 January 2020 2
Hotel amp Restaurant Marketing ExpertLONDON UK 2
Networking with Devexperts at The Finance Magnates Summit 2019 in London 2
Sami Kehidra spotted in London as he edges closer to 2
Top Attractions to Visit Near Heathrow London 2
Sheik Jamiu Amiolohun Delivered Lecture At London City Hall Diera Dubai 2
CJI London 2020 conference: Day One who said what 2
Whisky School – London 2
London Calling: Frank Sinatra In Concert At The Royal Festival Hall 2
TradingTech Summit London 2
Join London’s leading Airbnb management company 2
Three of the best entertainment venues in London 2
The casinos in London you simply have to visit 2
What’s On In London 2
Transport for London Travelcard 2
Jaguars to play back-to-back games in London next season 2
London Retro 2
LONDON UK 2
London Office 2
first opened in 2013 in lovely North London 2
London Taxi “The Casual Cycling Culture” 2
Eiger BioPharmaceuticals Presentation 2019 Jefferies London Healthcare Conference London November 20 2019 2
RE-Stock London Housing Competition 2
Ciao London! 2
London Fashion Week – Look of the Day – Makeup Breakdown LOTD 2
UK Officially exits EU after 47 years as celebrations rock in London 2
BaoziInn London Launches Special Valentine’s Dimsum amp Dumplings 2
Amazing result of London Steam Rooms and Saunas 2
WWII Ordnance Prompts Second Day of Evacuations in London 2
London Events 2020 2
LONDON UNITED SULTAN SELİM KÖPRÜSÜ 2
Medals up for grabs as London Olympic Games open 2
London starts to take Africa seriously 2
Dormire a Londra al Travelodge London City Hotel 2
BOOTS FASHION LONDON NOIR – Réf 105 2
Col3trane Is London RampB’s Best Kept Secret 2
4 Places You Must Visit in London 2
London: Artemisia Gentileschi is coming to the National Gallery this April 2
5 London Neighbourhoods You Need To Explore 2
Joni Mitchell – Amelia London 04-24-1983 2
Two story detached house in London Structural engineering 2
Getting Out of London 2
Australia Day in London: What the Sun Tavern’s got going on 2
Judge throws potential legal life line to convicted London police officer 2
Robo Investing London UK Europes 1 Wealth Event 9 – 11 September 2019 2
Vendu pour 29 408 514 € chez Christie’s London en 2012 2
London Stock Exchange Group 2
London North 2
Empro Academy School learner is going to London for soccer 2
Burning Pain Heartburn Acid Reflux and Bloating Treatment in London 2
Top 10 best places in London – 2020 2
Connecting parents with childcare in London 2
New International Economic Order London-Saudi Global Terror Stop WWIII 2
An American Werewolf in London 2
XFM 1049 London 2
Royal Lancaster London – A Regal Abode 2
Nicki Minaj Cuts London Bridge Scene from Video after Terror Attack 2
James Grant amp Jody Wisternoff atPrintworks London 1
Gods of Rap II UK Tour – Nas DMX The Lox Gang Starr amp Just Blaze – London 24th April Manchester amp Birmingham 1
Thames Cable Car London 1
City of London 1
Director London International Youth Science Forum 1
The ideal candidate for Foreign Jobs In London Apply Now: 1
Creative teams from London to NYC rely on Binfire 1
Kano records coldest night at par with London 1
The London Borough Of Havering 1
London in one day 1
London Based Illustrator Brand amp Web Designer behind MintSwift 1
Explore London your way 1
Regional Customer Manager / Regional Success Manager – London – 40K 1
Don’t let payment disputes spiral into I ‘bought’ slave labour in London: An undercover investigation 1
See London by Night 1
Shrek’s Adventure! London Standard Entry Advance 1
Hagos Gebrehiwot’s stunning 5000 meters performance at the London Diamond League 1
Zoë Jordan appoints KCD London 1
United kingdom London 1
Ad Feature Robata: Where to Eat London’s Best Japanese-Style Charcoal Grills 1
Secretarial and PA recruitment agency in London 1
Fixed Gear London 1
Freedom of the city London Kıbrıslı Türk Enver Kannur’un 1
Spink London announced its E-auction of world bonds amp share certificates 1
Bom Perang Dunia II Ditemukan di Pusat Kota London Inggris 1
Tourism in London 1
Events: London Concours 2020 to host stunning display of Ferrari Dinos – with photos 1
As soon as I entered the door I knew it was a place that enables relaxation and focus A very precious thing in such a busy and noisy city like London 1
Thank you Konstantina for everything you have done in our wedding you were extremely professional and make us happy I do hope to keep in touch you are welcome to come to London any time please do come here i will be happy to see you love irene xxxx 1
Margot Robbie In Dries van Noten The ‘Birds Of Prey’ London Premiere 1
Terror Attack in London Two Wounded 1
PH’s Itogon Coffee debuts at the World Trade Market in London this November! 1
BUSINESS ANALYST ECOMMERCE – 12 MONTHS FTC – LONDON – 58K 1
Chicago London 1
Club-bookers London 1
wappier does PGCLondon2019 1
LONDON WORLD RECORDS brings to you Singer 2020 1
Welcome to the London Diploma in Psychosexual amp union Therapy 1
L’oscar London 1
A Creative Web Design London Agency – That Gives Your Business a Competitive Edge 1
London City Lofts 1
May’s Brexit pleas falling on deaf ears in London Brussels 1
David ‘Dc’ Logan of OFFICER discusses his upcoming album his special connection with his fans his community outreach in London and what’s next for him 1
‘Women should be slim for their men but not Size Zero’ says a founder of London Fashion Week 1
Find the best hotel and flight deals in London City 1
London Starting From 549/pax 1
McLaren has been awarded the construction contract for a major residential development in London’s Fitzrovia 1
Eurostar finally launches direct trains from Amsterdam to London – Evening 1
the Royal Philatelic Society London 1
Die Flüsse von London 1
Removal Company in North London West London Removals » 1
European Food and Nutrition Congress July 20-21 2020 London UK 1
London Pass with Travel Card – 6 Day 1
Rosacea London – Your Guide to This Long Term Skin Condition 1
PAGCOR provide ringing endorsement of ICE London 1
What are your experiences of renting in London 1
50 people made homeless by ‘horror’ blaze in London tower block 1
INTO London World Education Centre 1
14 STYLISH COOL AND QUIRKY LONDON HOTELS 1
Slideshow Slide 2 London to Tel Aviv 1
Last Minute Hotels in London 1
Visiting The Tower of London and The Cutty Sark 1
All about being a Frenchie Maman in London but not only! 1
4 Key Reasons to Hire a Private maths Tutor in Nw London 1
farezoneslondon 1
Office Furniture Suppliers – London and UK 1
Getting Chef Work in London 1
Magical Jo Malone London Holiday 2019 Campaign by Tim Walker 1
Travel package London 1
across London 1
London commuters angry as cracked rail causes delays 1
Bikevibe London 1
Busty Escorts in London: They Know How to Give You Ultimate Satisfaction 1
Celebrity runners and fundraisers on final leg of training for the London Marathon 1
Brian Reade London columnist 1
Rooney to watch UFC star McCann in London Tue 04 Feb 1
Baluchi London 1
Version2 support award winning Light Designer Tim Routledge at Riverside Studios London 1
BSFA London Interviews and Social Meet up 1
True or False: London Calling 1
1st Afaan Oromo Dictionary published in 1842 in London 1
Hot Girl From London 1
Quickteller selects more winners to attend the Interswitch One Africa Music Fest in London 1
TOP LONDON VENUES 1
Will ETHLondonUK offer travel scholarships to hackers 1
Fedrigoni :: The London showroom 1
Rarities by Picasso Miró Léger to Get Pre-Auction Exhibit at Sotheby’s London 1
Moroccan Universities Seek Partnerships at International Forum in London 1
I’ve got the best agent in London 1
LONDON TO MANILA 1
Serving you across Hertfordshire Oxfordshire Middlesex Buckinghamshire Essex Surrey amp London 1
Lily-Rose Depp In Chanel 2020 Charles Finch and Chanel Pre-Bafta Party in London 1
Mr Harsh Gandhi London UK 1
London Time Time Zone: UTC/GMT 0/1 HOUR 1
Café Spice Namaste London 1
In London with kids 1
Responsive Web Design and Development in London Ontario 1
London Technology News 1
Popular London Attractions 1
London bus drivers tell boss to stop ignoring ‘degrading’ and ‘intolerable’ poverty rise due to benefit cuts for low-wage earners says think tank 1
Why Centre Registration will take place on the 3rd Floor in the Garden Room of the Barbican Centre Address Barbican Centre Silk Street London EC2Y 8DS Public transport The Barbican is widely accessible by bus tube train and by foot or bicycle 1
London Fintech Firm Mode launches Bitcoin Banking Mobile app 1
The Spread Eagle London first vegan pub 1
FT Partners The Only Investment BankFocused Exclusively on FinTech San Francisco New York London 1
Dad of London terrorist stabber Sudesh Amman told 1
London city tour 1
London spa Hydrohealing appoints B Public Relations 1
Take Me Back To London 1
We are Unit London 1
London attacker: A terror convict of Pak origin 1
Charity MTO London July 11th 2019 1
Welcome to Telios Tutors London 1
Catherine Duchess of Cambridge In Dolce amp Gabbana The Evelina London Children’s Hospital Visit 1
Ian London 1
LOS ANGELES LONDON ASIA CA 1
London Adventure 1
Rich Sugar Mummies in London – Chat With Her NOW 1
Jo Malone London: FREE 2 Samples with 50 Purchase 1
London Learning Centre – Bespoke Learning for Life 1
Green School in London 1
Golden Tours Hop On Hop Off London Bus Tour 72 Hours 1
The lastminutecom London Eye Champagne Experience Same Day 1
Colour Forms Fashion talk as part of London Fashion Week 1
Paris London New York City Chicago Rome Tokyo Moscow Barcelona Beijing Cairo Delhi Istanbul Milan Johannesburg Mexico City Madrid Rio de Janeiro More Cities 1
London slump drags UK’s property market growth to more than six-year 1
London 2020 October Telugu Calendar 1
2 Days In London The Perfect London Itinerary For … 1
203 The Vale Office 1 and 2 London W3 7QS 1
Family Europe: London to Florence in 10 Days 1
London Free Classifieds 1
Top London Clubs 1
Sapato Marluvas London Sport 20S29 S – 20S29 S Ma 1
Best affordable Boutique Hotels in London 1
The High Commission of Sri Lanka hosts Investment Forum in London to attract Foreign Direct Investment into the Western Region Megapolis Master Plan 1
A weekend in London 1
Discover the Freshest Boutique Hotels in London 1
Getting to Gatwick from London 1
London School Of Makeup With A Difference 1
Freelance English Tutor to Japanese in London – WIMBLEDON ACTON FINCHLEY 1
Dr Hrishikesh Pai receiving esteemed Fellowship ad eundem of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists London UK FRCOG 2019 which is one of the top most academic award for a gynaecologist worldwide 1
Horra London Pink Tote Bag 1
That Time Elton John Surprised London Commuters 1
Du lịch thủ đô London Luân đôn – Vương Quốc Anh 1
Chery Stewart Counsellng Services London ON 1
London ▼ ▲ 1
UK’s Johnson vows to toughen terrorism rules after London attack 1
Fund sells interest in London property 1
The Best Day Trips from London – Part 2 2 1
Gallery: Ja Ja Ja London with Janice Birgitta Alida The Entrepreneurs 1
Scary London 1
London Unstoppable – Large 1
London City the Precious History 1
THE LONDON COMEDY CLUB 1
Ms Metella London UK 1
A Weekend in London Celebrating Turning 39 Competition 1
London with Kids: The Ultimate Harry Potter Attractions List 1
The perfect oxford day trip from london 1
Digital Marketing Services In London amp Essex 1
Road To London 1
London Inspiration 1
London Live Channel Rebrand 1
The London Look: 4 Ways to Have a Big City Presence from Anywhere in the UK 1
Southwestern Family Reunion in London 1
BEST CHAUFFEUR SERVICE IN LONDON 1
NEW VEHICLES FOR Exeter and London ON CHEVROLET GMC BUICK AND CADILLAC CUSTOMERS 1
OHL: Connor McMichael tricks Windsor as London Knights win seventh live updates: Government still waiting on Chinese approval to evacuate Canadians 1
Missing Woman in London Ontario – MIRANDA STUIFBERGEN 28 1
Why Choose VIP Asian Escorts London 1
Участие в WorldSkills Competition London 2011 1
Bomb squad put central London on lockdown for a SECOND day over WWII device 1
2016 UK Great Fire of London Circulation £2 1
William Hill – PDC World Darts Championships 2020 Alexandra Palace London 1
LONDON TRAVELCARD for all your transport needs in London 1
“น้องเติม ตะลุย London ณัฐกิตติ์ สดากร น้องภู 1
Goldsmiths University of London 1
RLA: London courts need to be reformed 1
30 Moorgate London Spaces EC2R 6PJ London 1
Hypnotherapy Diploma Course – London 1
Release Date: Nike Air Max 90 London 1
New Homes for Sale in Connecticut – New London 1
Arti Sahu – Journey from Playing cricket in Lucknow to Coaching girls in London 1
We enjoy building great brands creating jobs and making room for businesses and entrepreneurs to thrive along the way through mutually beneficial was recently recognised as one of the companies to inspire Africa 2019 by the London Stock Exchange Group 1
LONDON / BUILDING THE RIGHT DEHUMIDIFIER 1
London Bridge stabbing attack declared ‘terrorist incident’ 1
Our SEO Services are specially created for UK and London based companies Most of our clients are small business owners based in London or across Britain Our clients lookign for SEO services also come from the following cities: Birmingham Bristol Glasgow Leeds Liverpool Manchester Newcastle Nottingham Leicester Portsmouth Southampton Sheffield 1
Londra Uluslararası Zeytinyağı Kalite Yarışmaları – London IOOC 1
London Kills S1 伦敦杀戮 第一季 1080P 1
ロンドン : London 1
Featured Romance Box Set: Surprise Daddies: A Contemporary Romance Box Set by London James 1
‘Please sir I want more for my hair!’ – Murdock London 1
Hawksmoor Guildhall London UNITED KINGDOM ★★★★☆ 1
House Of Holland amp self-portrait to Stage Public-Facing Shows at London Fashion Week 1
Glenlyn Hotel Finchley London 1
Alfred Dunhill London 100ml 1
Jack London Vahşetin Çağrısı Kitap Özeti 1
Attackers of London Incident Served Jail Term for Terrorism 1
Dr Raju Varghese London UK 1
11 Similarities and Differences Between Dubai and London 1
London’s Hottest Firehouse 1
Follow London Football News 1
London’s New Crossrail Line an Asset for Homeowners 1
Bianchi heads to London at Rouleur Classic 1
Clarion Gaming to announce beneficiaries of the Consumer Protection Zone sponsorship on opening day of ICE London 1
Hayley Atwell Wearing Mary Katrantzou – ‘Christopher Robin’ London Premiere 1
London public transport 1
Mortgage solicitor in London 1
Harrison House A superb new development of a ordable 1 2 and 3 bedroom apartments 1 Martineau Square London E1 1BF 1
LONDON SHOWROOM 1
Result Driven Digital Marketing Agency in London UK 1
London’s Best Valentine’s Day Menus amp Romantic Restaurants 1
Fan Stabbed At Naira Marley’s show In London 1
The November London Sample Sales Guide 1
GYPSY QUEEN the Gold Winner of London Interantional Honey Awards 1
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Londoners Spend Less Time Living in One Place Than Any Other City 1
25 Watling Street London 1
Love in London 2020 1
BECAUSE LONDON IS MORE INTERESTING ON FOOT 1
MP3: Kabza De Small amp DJ Maphorisa – London Roots Remix ft Louie Vega 1
Managing director of Guardian Tax and Accounting Skilled in Accounting Tax Mergers amp Acquisitions MampA Private Equity and Financial Reporting Strong entrepreneurship and investor in start-ups including retail technology e-commerce and real estate businesses Graduated from London School of Economics and Political Science and a is a Fellow of the ICAEW 1
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London Edition 1
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37 North crescent Finchley London N3 3LL London / UK 1
LONDON TOLWORTH Tolworth Recreation Centre Fullers Way N KT6 7LQ 1
3 People Injured In ‘Terrorist-Related’ Attack In London: Police 1
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London 2020 April Telugu Calendar 1
The advent of Islam in Kashmir was considered from the 14th century and it is believed that the introduction of Islam has created unprecedented problems and led to exodus of Kashmiri Hindus the aborigines from Kashmir Prof KL Bhan has identified 7 exoduses of Kashmiri Hindus in seven different epochs starting from 14th century onwards and finds that their number has been reduced from being majority to minority in their own land because of constant persecution and forced conversions Many Kashmir Hindus were either forcibly converted to Islam or they have been killed or left Kashmir The First Exodus 1389-1413 Scheming wily and guily Shah Mir became the founder of the Muslim rule in Kashmir By encouraging inter-marriages he poisoned and weakened the family life of the Kashmiri Hindus to the advantage of the Muslim minority as this tactics built a reliable and strong base/plinth for the propagation of Islam in Kashmir By fraudulently getting Kota Rani Bhatta Bhikshana and Bratta Autar murdered he removed forces of resistance from his way and became instrumental in letting Islam set its root deep in Kashmiri soil The counselors of Kota Rani did not let her have tit for tat following their ethos of non-violence reverence for moral and ethical values Terrorised by Tamur the Lame – Syyid Mir Ali Hamdani along with 700 Sayyids his followers landed in Kashmir and drove a wide and deep wedge between the majority Hindus and minority Muslims He dictated the Sultan Qutubud-Din to make the persecution and torture of the KPs a state policy The code he prescribed for the sultan was a model of hatred distrust intolerance bigotry and malignity against the KPs He compelled the Sultan to officialise the presecution and massacre of KPs unless they embraced Islam He is the architect of desecration and demolition of the Kalishree temple near Fatah Kadal in Srinagar and raising on its plinth a mosque known as Khanqah-i-Mulla With his repressive and precautionary measures backed by state terrorism he achieved the conversion of 37000 KPs to Islam during the latter two of his three visits The Sayyids headed by Mir Ali Hamdani openly preached extermination of Hindu religion and Hindu politics from the soil of the Kashmir in order that Islam might flourish and get unshakably entrenched in their place Following in his father’s footsteps Mir Mohamad Hamdani urged Sultan Slkandar 1389-1413 notoriously known as the iconoclast Sikandar but-shikan to wipe out infidelity Hindus root and branch from Kashmir and let not even a weed of it survive The two reinforced by the rabid neo-convert Malik Saifudin unleashed a massive war against KPs with the target of genocide of this highly cul­tured people Sikandar having pawned his soul to the Sayyids threw all norms of civilized Ilfe and tolerance to winds and issued an atrocious and barbaric Government decree or­dering the KPs to opt for conversion or exile flight or death They let loose the floodgates of a reign of terror on the KPs to pressurize them to embrace Islam Sikander enjoyed and exulted in breaking down images of Hindu deities No temple anywhere in the city town or village escaped paying the heavy toll Numerous Hindus fled numerous were converted and numerous were brutally killed Many poisoned themselves This marks the first ominous exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits from their native fair homes It is this mass migration that occasioned the plight of KPs to the neighbouring regions of Kishtwar and Bhadarwah via SMITHAN pass and to various provinces of India via Batote Bhatta wath path of the Bhattas or Kashmiri Pandits In the wake of this damned decree of Sikandar seven mounds of the sacred thread of the murdered Brahmans were burnt by Sikandar and all of their sacred books were thrown into the Dal Lake The KPs numbering over one lakh were drowned in the Lake and were burned at a spot in the vicinity of Rainawari in Srinagar City known as Bhatta Mazar The grave yard of the Bhattas the KPs beyond present day Jogilanker According to the living memory of the KPs only eleven KP families stayed back in Kashmir the rest rather than abandoning the religion of their father’s chose to migrate leaving behind their beloved homes hearths lands and everything only to protect their religion and faith Jonraj the contemporary historian draws a graphic picture of the traumatic experiences of the first exodus Crowds of Hindus ran away in different directions through passes and bypasses Their social life was totally disrupted their life became miserable with hunger and fatigue Many died in the scorching heat Some disguised as Muslims roamed about the country searching for their distressed families Hindus lolled out their tongues like dogs looking for dog’s morsel at every door Jonraj: Kings of Kashmir Then the Sultan exclaimed proudly that he had succeeded in extermi­nating all traces of Hinduism from the valley by massacring the Hindus by ravaging looting and ransacking their prop­erties and more than most by kidnapping and raping there women folk Jonraj laments the trampling of the Hindu ethos by the Yavanas Muslims whom he compares to locusts descending on and destroying a paddy field The Second Exodus 1506-1585 Kashmiri Pandits suffered vicissitudes and misfortune when under the zeal of Islamic fundamentalism the Sultans made it a state under policy to effect forcible conversion and implements it by issuing decrees to sever and chop off limbs of the Pandits kidnap them loot their possessions and im­prison respectable people on various concocted pretexts so as to pressurize them to change their faith and become the followers of Islam the religion of the rulers There is a general agreement on the point that the Chaks came to Kashmir from the land of Dares of Dartistan of Gilgit-­Hunza Region Ferocious rugged and wild by nature they possessed great physical powers When Shah Mir founded the Sultanate in Kashmir he found them the most suitable to be recruited to his armed forces This brought them into great prominence The Chaks belonged to the Shia sect of the Muslims like all other earlier Muslim rulers they also adopted their policy of conversion by coercion loot plunder arson and butchering of Kashmiri Pandits who as a result of continual religious persecution became considerably reduced in number There was no let up in religious crusade against them either to force them to get converted or face liquidation Kashmir universally known as abode of sufis and saints Rishiwari presented scenario of religious harmony peace and absolute tolerance as long as there was preponderance of Hindu population be it Saivites Vaishavites or Buddists All co-existed amidst amity and maintained very cordial re­lations and religious intolerance was unknown This serene and sublime atmosphere was vitiated and poisoned by the emergence of alien Muslim rulers no matter what class of dynasty they belonged to The holy land of Kashmir the cradle of Trika philosophy the abode of rishis and munis was transformed into an arena of strife and intrigues which very soon saw not only the reversal but also the annihilation of centuries old and precious socio-cultural attainments Making a historical evaluation of political and social role of Islam in Kashmir and among various medieval societies his­torians have adjudged Muslim ideology as parochial and ste­reotyped It is in this ideological framework that to one’s amazement and shock loot arson rape murder and killing have a religious recognition and sanction Firstly all this appears legalized under the umbrella of ‘mali­ganeem’ Secondly any social strife leading to disorder and anarchy is permissible getting covered under Jehad holy war Thirdly any Muslim intoxicated with religious frenzy and going on a spree of killing without rhyme or reason is saluted as’Majahid’ or ‘Ghazi’ conqueror or victor The Kashmiri Hindu having reached a high level of cultura attainment was found to be a soft target and was thus sub­jected to the most horrendous tortures and atrocities in the name of service to Islam A right thinking person wonders whether the message of Islam was bloodshed plunder arson and liquidation of followers of other faiths or for spirrtual betterment and exaltation of mankind at large Dr ML Kapoor observes that it took Islam almost six cen­turies to secure a strong foothold in Kashmir Subsequently with a jet speed it galloped through and within next one hun­dred years over shadowed Hinduism and claimed a major­ty Quoting Jonaraja Dr Kapoor writes “As the wine de­stroys the trees and locusts the paddy crops so did the Yavanas destroy the usage of Kashmiris and the Kingdom of Kashmir was polluted by evil practices of malechhas” While the power of the later Sultan ebbed the Chaks corre­spondingly gained supremacy at the court and ultimately succeeded in usurping the throne and establishing their suzerainty over Kashmir They consolidated their political power through intrigues conspiracies and murders of politi­cal rivals and opponents They spared no ferocious and barbaric means to seize political power Though belonging to the Shia sect the Chaks were no less ruthless than the earlier Sunni rulers and showed no sympathetic consider­ation for the Kashmiri Pandits whose number continued dwindling steadily following the unrelenting onslaughts of the fanatical zealots When Fatah Khan 1506-16 proclaimed himself the ruler and ascended the throne under the title of Sultan Fatah Shah the situation in the valley was depressing and deplorable He tried bid best to restore normalcy and rule of law and order by curbing the power of nobles but met with no suc­cess Contrarily he ended up in becoming a mere tool in the hands of those who counted in the echelons of power Fore­most among those were the intriguing Shams Chak and his three trusted friends Nasrat Raina Sarhang Raina and Moosa Raina Moosa Raina succeeded Shamas Chak as the Prime Minister of Sultan Fatah Shah He was a confi­dent of Shams-ud-Din Iraqi propagator of Islamic faith and converter of non-believers and Sunnis to Shia sect of Islam Hailing from Talish on the Caspian Sea he played a capital and instrumental role in converting Chaks to Shia sect of Islam Receiving green signal from Moosa Raina Shams Iraqi opened floodgates of repression terror and cruelty against the Kashmiri Hindus Hindu places of worship were demolished only to see the erection of mosques on their foundations All traces of infidelity and idol worship were replaced by Islamic symbols and the infidels and holy thread bearers of Kashmir were converted to Islam so much so that Shams Iraqi with the help of Moosa Raina was able to convert 24000 Brahmin families to Islam Kapoor from ‘Baharistani Shahi’ The two savages terrorized and forced their faith A model of bigotry and tyranny Moose mission of humiliating looting and then murdering those Kashmir Pendits who still clung to their ancient faith besides wiping out residual Hindu temples and schools When persecution and religious repression became intoler­able and showed indications of being tantamount to ethnic cleansing some Hindus rallied round the leadership of one Pandit Nirmal Kanth a respected scholar They sent a delegation to Prime Minister Moosa Raina to appeal for mercy Moosa Raina came down with a heavy hand on the members of the delegation It was breaking their head against the stone wall of cruel Feteh Shah wolfish Shamas Iraqi and pitiless Moosa Raina The suppliants were thrown into jail where unfed they famished and groaned and died of starvation This forms one of the darkest periods of the black history of Kashmir Shamas Iraqi’s fanaticism and zealot was unquenchable His vindictiveness did not get satiated with the massive conversion of Kashmiri Pandits whom he found with suspicion and distrust He did not spare then even after they had forcibly accepted Islam He charged the neophytes of clinging to their original faith He gave free vent to his wrath when he observed them chanting mantra by placing their haunches on the hand written copies of Muslim religious texts and bowing before Hindu idols Moosa Raina set up camps for forcible circumcision of the neophytes in order to brutalise and deculturise them Moosa Raina and his gang men would forcibly draw and haul them out of the homes and stuff their mouths with beef so as to stagger and shock them psychologically This was intended to give them such a shaking that they would not dare retain any Hindu tradition and lest they should be exterminated snapped their habitual links with the Hindus their erstwhile brethren After Moosa Raina had gone the way of all flesh in 1513 Mohammed Shah 1517 appointed Kazi Chak again a Shia as his Prime Minister Kazi Chak too gave no quarter and no time for recovery to the distressed Kashmiri Pandits One hound after another thirsty of the blood of the unfortunate Pandits followed in succession Kazi Chak left no stone unturned inflicting pain and heaping disasters and miseries on the Pandits He initiated a systematic and planned campaign for the desecration and dismantling of Hindu temples and sacred places The movable and immovable property of Pandits were looted and ravaged and ruined It is attributed to him that he used to get 900 KPs beheaded every day for not having accepted Islam as their only mode of faith Such kind of cruelty was unheard of before The Hindus hold cows sacred and revere them The Chaks ordered that one thousand cows be slaughtered every day to wreck vengeance on the Kashmiri Hindus so as to shock them into accepting Islam They re-imposed the dreaded punitive tax Jazia on KPs and snapped all means of sustenance from them The contemporary historian Shukla testifies “The Hindus were overpowered by the religious intolerance the same way as the sun is overpowered by the gray sable clouds” A KP wearing the sacred thread had to pay annual tax to the Chak rulers For the Chaks killing butchering mangling and marauding was a common place routine after not worth being taken as a sensation During the Chak period the KPs were persecuted snubbed humiliated held low and trampled mercilessly They had to pay tax even for performing their religious rites and obligations rituals and customs To preserve the distinctive traits of their sect and creed the Kashmiri Pandits were bound to pay 40 precious stones to the ruler The Chak era goes down as black saga in the history of the Kashmiri Pandits The Chak rulers were cruel and heartless and peerless in devising ever-new methods of inflicting pain and misery to the KPs without the slightest tremor of scruple Those KPs who somehow escaped getting converted to Islam fled their native places to seek refuge and sustenance at safer places in the neighbourhood of Kashmir Valley It was a massive exodus in that innumerable KPs left their homes and hearths and marched out of Kashmir While they were fleeing for their lives a barrage of spiteful abuse and insolent contumely was let loose on them with the aim of preventing their return to the land of their genesis Thus the genocide of Kashmir Pandits was designed engineered and pursued to transmute the basic character of the heritage of Kashmir change its social religious and cultural identity beyond recognition and reduce this ancient land of Hindu sages and saints to the Muslims ghetto as was conceived by the Sayyid theologians When Akbar the Mughal King began to make inroad into Kashmir and Yusuf Shah Chalk abjectly surrendered and joined the invading Moghul forces the rebel Yakub Chak seized the reigns of power in Kashmir He too initiated his rule with forced conversion of the Pandits rank communalist as he was He made the Jama Masjid in Srinagar as the headquarters of his Jehad against the Sunnis and the Pandits Under his instructions his fanatic Shia zealots committed numerous atrocities on the Pandits especially on their women folk including their massacre He added a new feather to his cap in his Jehad for Islam by hauling up Pandits in their houses and roasting them alive It was a new cono button to the spread of Islam in Kashmir Third Exodus under the Mughals 1585-1753 Akbar captivated by the idyllic and scenic beauty of the val­ley of Kashmir visited the place three times His court poet Maulana Faizee composed a poem to eulogize the beauty of Kashmir It purposes to say that the dust of Kashmir is like an eye lotion and the grass and herbs are vital medicines for beauty Faizee depicts the great Mughal’s fascination for the allurement of Kashmir Akbar initiated many plans and welfare schemes for the people of Kashmir He attempted to expend his liberal policies to Kashmir He entrusted the administration of the valley to a subedar Akbar launched a comprehensive scheme for the rehabilita­tion of Kashmiri Pandits honourably in their native place He also became aware of the importance of the role they could play in managing and running the administration of Kash­mir They in fact rose to high places of status and prestige After about a span of thirty years the KPs again started feel­ing comfortable and assured of their safety and security They found the atmosphere favourable enough to practise their faith without any coersion and persecution Akbar was admittedly highly tolerant and refrained from fall­ing into the net of fanatic religious zeal He never resorted to following the policy of persecution and discrimination against the Hindus who had earlier encountered periods of misfortune at the hands of Muslim rulers who made them targets of their religious bigotry and persecution On his visit to Kashmir in 1589 Akbar gleaned accounts of stirring and blood boiling plight of the KPs where groaning being crushed to pulp under the heavy weight of the vexa­tious extortion’s like the much deplored Jazia Poll tax Akbar repealed the black tax along with other taxes and fines imposed by the vicious Chak rulers Akbar’s decree abolishing them brought a relief and much sought after respite to the KPs Many KPs who fled to other safer places their lives and honour found conditions in their home Iand quite conductive to their honourable return though shocked to find their homes and hearths looted and plundered by the Muslim zealots during the period of their absence Jehangir Akbar’s son made a departure from the path of religious tolerance and non-interference in other religious affairs His sectarian predilection and prejudices were clearly pronounced He shuffled his stances in his dealing with KPs and his inconsistencies were to a large extent responsible for the communal frenzy and rioting to resurface in its full fury It was during his rule the Kashmiri Pandits were forced to marry their daughters to Moghul officers and Subedars and yet it is an irony that Jehangir is known for his “adal” and love and concern for justice Seemingly just and equitable in his treatment of the Kashmiri Pandits he upheld and followed in letter and spirit Islamic practices This blots and besmears his image of being a tolerant ruler He disapproved of and opposed matrimonial relations between Hindus and Muslims but declared that while a Hindu was forbidden by law to marry a Muslim woman Muslim had all the license to marry a Hindu woman Jehangir did not lag behind in following the footprints of earlier Muslim fanatics It was at his behalf that the flight of steps linking the temple of Shankeracharya to the river Jhelum near the temple of Trepur Sundary was dismantled and the smooth chiseled stones thus got were used by Noorjehan to erect the massive mosque at Pather Masjid in down town Srinagar on the west bank of over Jhelum The Mughal Sardar Itquad Khan cruel and inhuman as he was further tarnished and blackened Jehangir’s image that had already been soiled by anti-Hindu pursuits in Kashmir Itquad Khan forced the Hindus at gun point to get converted to Islam and tortured them by levying taxes on them As the Shia Chaks had persecuted Sunni Muslims he persecuted the Shias Shah Jehan was a chip of the old block of his father and proved true to him No less ardent lover and admirer of the natural beauty of Kashmir he did conceal the ugliness in his mind He did justice to his faith as a Muslim in devoting himself to torturing and persecuting the Kashmin Hindu He laughed with pleasure when a Muslim mob led and insti­gated by Kwaja Mam pounced on a prominent Kashmir Hindu Pandit Mahdeo’s house and looted it and set it ablaze Shah Jehan did not fall to keep up the iconoclastic heritage of his father and did his bit by desecrating and demolishing a number of temples in Kashmir Bernier is reliable in his conclusive finding that “the doors and pillars were found in some of the idol temples demolished by Shah Jehan and it is impossible to estimate their value” Shah Jehan showed his love for gardens by laying out Shalimar Nishat Achabal He also got constructed many mosques but hardly cared to reconstruct temples monasteries and libraries of Hindus demolished and destroyed by Islamic zealots preceding him Aurengazeb the ‘Puritan King’ whose life is a sharp contrast to that of his predecessors/ancestors lost no time after as­cending the throne in Delhi in 1658 to convert whole of India to Islam To fulfil this desire of his he had no hesitation in using and wielding sword The fundamentalist emperor thew to winds the seemingly secular policy of his forefathers re­placing it by one of religious harassment and persecution He re-imposed Jazia poll tax While the entire lndian people shuddered at his manner of building an Islamic state he implemented a well calculated plan according to which he started with liquidating Hindu scholars in India in general and the Kashmiri Pandits in particular Not surprising he did not spare his own father According to him elimination of Hindu scholars was a pre-requisite for the spread of Islam India Since Kashmir has from times immemorial remained a prominent center for learning Aurangzeb appointed 14 atrocious subedars as administrators and governors of Kashmir for its Islamization Notable among them was Iftekhar Khan who during his regime 1617-75 unleashed his pack of hounds of cruelties of all sorts to leave the Kashmiri Hindus no alternative but to embrace Islam on pain of death During his rule of five years of hair raising cruelty and tyranny Iftekhar Khan drove it home to Pandits that then future in their land of birth was assured only if they kissed Islam failing which they must quit their homeland forthwith there was no third option In consequence of this dire threat thousands of Kashmiri Pandits succumbed to his policy of duress and treacherous religious bigotry of the vicious subeder and thus got converted to Islam Thousands who could manage to withstand the tremendous pressure bade good bye to their homes and hearths and sought refuge in neighbouring regions to keep alive themselves and their faith that was so dear to them It is during the rule of Emperor Shah Jehan and Aurangzeb that Kashmiri Pandits driven out of Kashmir reached Delhi and settled down in Bazar Sitaram Two prominent castes namely Zutshis and Shangloos reached there after a great ­struggle difficulties and hardships These castes over a period of generations had changed into Pehlvis poets and Topawallas said one of the descendants of KPs living in Bazar Sitaram Shri Gulzar Pahlvi There is a temple of ancient KPs now internally displaced communities in India believe in It is said that Pandit Nehru’s marriage procession had come all along from Allahabad to Bazar Sitaram where his marriage was solemnized Their present priest is Iqbal Krishen Revoo It is during the Aurangzeb-Iftekhar Khan combine that re­duced the Kashmin Pandits as low as dust nay they made them lick the dust They trampled the Pandit psyche by subverting all the achievements of this advanced and learned community in social economic and religious fields during the pseudo-secular stance of the earlier Mughals Aurangzeb followed Islamic law with fervor showing no regard for nor­mal laws of Hindus When the religious persecution and cruelties perpetrated by Iftekhar Khan and approved by Aurangzeb made life un­bearable for Pandits in Kashmir the latter decided to ap­proach the immortal national hero Shri Guru Teg Bahadur at Anand Sahib for rescuing the Kashmiri Hindus from Islamic onslaught by his personal intervention A delegation of 500 KPs led by Pandit Kripa Ram learned person called on the Guru and narrated their harrowing and woeful expe­riences of the diabolical misrule of Iftikhar Khan patronized by Aurangzeb whose wickedness had no parallel These fun­damentalists thrust Islam by hook or by crook They converted by atrocities by polluting the KPs by banning the wearing of sacred thread and tilak by sexual harassment and forcible abductions of the daughters of Hindus and other satanic misdeeds The delegations appealed to Guru Teg Bahadur to deliver them from their religion of the land The great Saint whose face radiated Cecelia light was pain­fully moved on hearing the woeful tales narrated by the Kashmir Pandit suppliants This great man from Punjab went to Delhi for the redressal of the grievances of the KPs and got killed by the cunning Aurangzeb The Guru was asked to embrace Islam but he preferred death to change his Dharma which was most dear to him Furious Muslim zealot Aurangzeb ordered the execution of Guru Teg Bahadur His head was slit by one Jalal-ud-din Jalad Executioner In this way the Guru attained martyrdom for the sacred cause of saving Hindu Dharma Shat Shat Pranam Guru Maharaja’s sacrifice sent a shiver down the spine of Aurangzeb and it marked the beginning of the fall of Mughal empire in India Despite the supreme sacrifice for the preservation of Hindu religion and Kashmiri ethos the state terrorism remained unabated for sometime more The desecration of temples and the killings of KPs continued and the process of exodus also continued A griping and inspiring and graphic account of this national issue and the unforgettable sacrifice and martyrdom of Guru along with his three disciples has been given by Giani Gian Singh in his book ‘Shri Guru Granth Prakash’ and another book ‘Shri Guru Pratap Suraj’ which are strongly recommended to the readers The Fourth Exodus 1753 Following close on the heels of Faqierullah’s tyrannical and fanatic misrule came his diabolical son Fazal Kanth the Chief Minister whose subedar beheaded Kailash Dhar in broad day light in the open court of the Shia-Muslim Governor Amir Khan Jawansher and gave a contemptuous watery burial in the river Jhelum Then he went amuck killing and plundering the KPsThis episode so alarmed and panicked the KPs that they felt helpless and desperate The whole environment became so hostile to them that they fled to Poonch and Kabul for safety and shelter Physical torture in the mast ruthless fashion mental agony emotional spiritual anguish fleecing punitive taxes indignity heaped on the male members of the hapless community Unchecked harassment and shameless molestation of women folk and more than most the commendable remarkable and unbeaten will to preserve the faith that had been good enough for their forefathers could perhaps have been the reasons that compelled this exquisitely cultured and literate non-violent and highly tolerant community with rich and radiant heritage to flee the land of their genesis of their Saints and Sages of their mature ancestors four times by the time the sixty seven year black and cursed rule of the Afghan butchers in Kashmir expired The capture of Kashmir by Sikhs marked the deliverance of the KPs from the barbarous Afghan governors The Fifth Exodus Despite having been made victims of repeated humiliations relentless atrocities a series of reigns of terror religious fanaticism of the worst type known to the world conversion by sword and fire social and economic repression population decimation and what have you at the hands of savage MusIim rulers for over 500 years the vibrant and resilient spirit of the KPs despite diminishing numbers never got dampened or sagged In spite of deathblows to their culture ethos and faith they managed to keep alive their centuries old heritage and tradition while they had to pass through fire and water This microscopic minority recognized and acclaimed and feared as an extra-ordinarily intelligent stock even by the barbaric rulers both local and alien always maintained a unique cultural attainments and inherent goodness and shunned crookedness even when they served in key postions in the courts of the despotic bigotic brutal Muslim rulers barren in all human attributes This nationalistic group preferred to break but did not bend It did not easily rush into making compromises with the iconoclasts even at the cost of their lives It was the great Pandit Birbal Dhar whose political maturity and maneuvering paved the path for Maharaja Ranjit Singh to re-establish a Hindu Government in JampK state Aftar Kashmir slipped from the hands of the Afgans back into those of the Hindus in 1820 the sound of bells restarted emanating from temples that had earlier stood for over four centuries wearing the mantle of mourning whose ruins spoke volumes in a loud and clear voice of the stones of religions and ethnic fanaticism and intolerance suffered by their builders at the hands of those who hold their faith superior to all other faiths but which deems as sacred and halal dispossession loot arson molestation rape and slaughter of infidels particularly the Hindus The Sikh rule ushered in an epoch of peace for all In some instances the Sikh rulers may be guilty of harshness but they were not cunning cruel and fanatic religious zealots as their prede­cessors were With the passage of time the Sikh rule dis­placed symptoms of aging and the Dogras seized the golden opportunity to step in and take charge of administration of the combined provinces of Kashmir Jammu and Ladakh It was a glorious period of all round development and reform It signaled the initiation of the modern history of the state All the Dogra rulers though Hindus believed in and adhered to religious tolerance and harmony Maharaja Hari Singh a refined and cultured person had good will of all his subjects to his credit Lover of freedom and self-rule he was progres­sive in his thoughts and deeds That the British rulers of India followed the policy of divide and rule is well known to all To safeguard their entrenched supremacy they went the whole hog in communalising poli­tics and drive such a wide wedge between the Hindus and the Muslims that there could be no meeting point for them How could they approve of the communal peace and amity the Sikhs and the Dogra rulers had established Maharaja Hari Singh had to encounter political agitation triggered by the cunning British from the very inception of his rule Young Kashmiri Muslims fresh from the universities of Northern India particularly AMU Aligarh where they had met and come under the influence of burgeoning Muslim leaders in India and who were hectically propagating and campaign­ing for Pan-Islamism formed an organization for holding fre­quent meetings It came to be known as Muslim Reading Room This crop of new spring literate young Muslims be­came jealous of well-educated KPs holding comfortable po­sition in the state administration They became frustrated and desperate at their failure to enter Government service and hold responsible and influential and remunerative posts by direct appointments So they commenced a campaign against what they dubbed the Hindu State They had the covert backing and blessing of the British India Government chair and the Maharaja had no knowledge of it His address at the Round Table Conference in London in 1931 as chairman of the chamber of princes convinced the British rule that he was a hard nut to crack by virtue of his being haughty and independent in his ways and therefore he could not toe their line nor have any truck with them The British carved a situation in which stage was set for the desperate educated young Muslims to enact scenes of violent political agitation And the Muslim press did not lag behind in keeping pace with the agitators It let loose a fierce and venomous propaganda against the Hindu Maharaja later on Anglo-Indian press joined hands with its and echoed its refrain Sheikh Mohd Abdullah was the most prominent volubleeloquent firebrand activist of the Muslim Reading Room Group He was all fire in his outbursts against the procedure guidelines of the civil service Recruitment Board for selection and appointment of candidates to higher posts strictly on the basis of merit where the KPs stole a march over their rival aspirants among the Muslims The Sheikh and his comrades in arms would not take it lying down After over a hundred years the KPs unfortunately became an eyesore for the simple fault of their out-shining others with their higher education and technical qualification The Sheikh minced no words in voicing his resentment against the established system and convened mammoth meeting of Muslims in mosques and made fiery provocative speeches instigating the audience to rise in revolt Communal tension reached the point of ignition needing just spark to engulf the state in uncontrollable conflagration The 13th of July 1931 will go down as a black day in the history of KPs in modern times On that ominous day the Kashmiri Muslims repeated their history vis-a-vis the KPsOn that Day City of Srinagar and its suburbs witnessed a depressing and demoralizing spectacle of loot arson and murder of Kashmiri Hindu property and lives The Bombas and the Khakas had it seemed revisited the Valley On the incitement and directive of the Muslim Reading Room party the Muslim hoodlums made the unfortunate KPs direct target of their wrath frenzy and madness The Goondas and the anti-KP Muslims had a hayday They went berserk everywhere particularly in downtown Srinagar looting KP shops and houses and setting them on fire The booty they lard their hands on in Zaina Kadal and Maharaj Gunj was distrib­uted It was in fact the looters day and the real martyrs were the KPs Numerous KPs were killed and many wounded Legend has it that there was a communal orgy at Kanikoot Tehsil Nagam Distt Badgam a few KMs away from the city of Srinagar About a dozen houses of the KPs were ransacked looted and then torched and several KPs were murdered for absolutely no fault on their part Sheikh Abdhullah in his ever first address to the KPs at Sheetalnath in Srinagar Is on record having blamed it on the goons for the communal disharmony resulting in loot and murder of the KPs A mob of furious Muslims gate crashed into the central Jail in Srinagar to extricate one Qadir a bearer of a European who was being tried there for sedition The state police posted there fired on the rowdy mob killing ten agitators The Muslims crowded and directed their vengeance and vin­dictiveness against the soft and easy targets the KPs who were taken unawares and who had a long history of meeting violence with non-violence as sufferance has been their badge slnce they came into contact with the Muslims in Kash­mir Those responsible for flouting law and order and creat­ing mayhem and glory on a spree of loot and murder were eulogized and glorified as Freedom fighters and exalted as martyrs for the cause of rights of Muslims They went scot­free and the Maharaja’s administration proved too weak and ineffective to afford protection to the terrorized KPs The KPs received no privileges and prerogatives form Dogra rulers They were not specially favoured community The Dogra rulers were as strangers to them as to the Kashmiri Muslims There was no partisan of partial tilt towards the KPs who like the Ajax rose from their own ashes regenerated and renewed themselves by hard incessant labour and struggle Speaking with regard fo all fariness and objectively the sufferings of the Muslims taken apart during the one hundred and twenty six years of the rule the Sikhs and the Dogras in Kashmir pale into significance and dwindle to nothing when contrasted with the sufferings of the KPs during the five hundred years of the Muslim rule No Sikh or Dogra ruler employed state power for proslytising ­Muslims into Sikh or Hindu for demolishing mosques to raise temples on their plinths and ruins for torturing and persecuting Muslims for following their faiths for extorting exorbotant sums of money by way of religious taxes jazia baj zaridood or tax on burying their dead and maintaining their id­entification marks No Muslims were tied back to back and put into sacks and consigned to the Dal Lake No Muslim women were made victims of their carnal lust debauchery lechery and voluptuousness No Muslim family had to marry off its young budding daughters in teens or chop off their noses to disfigure their faces and make them repulsive lest they fell prey to the lusty eyes of the rulers and their ministers And yet the Hindu rulers are denounced as tyrants despots fanatics and anti-Muslims It is the pot calling the kettle black KPs were equal partners in the quit Kashmir movemen launched against the Dorga rule As India awoke into freedom in August 1947 from the yoke of British imperialism Dogra rule too reached the end of its tether soon after While freedom bells were chiming for the majority community the unfortunate KPs were in for a grave surprise and shock turn­ing the reveling and jubilation of freedom into a melodrama for them Pakistan the new born Islamic theocratic state clandestinely engineered and launched an aggression on Kashmir by sending armed tribesmen backed up by Paki­stan army across the state border on the northern and north­western side The religious zealots of Kashmir acted as guides to these hordes of savages from NWFP who behaved even worse than their Afgan ancestors Besides indulging in wholesale loot and arson they killed numerous KPs at Batapora Gushi and Tikkar in the present Kupwara district and at various places in the district of Baramulla Badgam and outskirts of Srinagar Tens of thousand of KPs in the Northern Northwestern and Northeastern Kashmir had to flee their homes and hearths and seek refuge in Srinagar A good number of them left the state for good thus setting the stage for the fifth exodus The local Muslim zealots joined hand with the wild tribals in forcibly converting many KPs to Islam on pain of torture and instant death And numberless were the Hindu places of worship and Dharamshalas that were reduced to ashes The emancipated the far sighted and those with the sense of the past history of Kashmir since the coming of Muslims and those who were sagacious enough to sense which way the wind was blowing and what trends the future had in its womb lost no time in seeing through the intriguing game plan of what was in essence pan-Islamic fundamentalism raising its ugly head Mir Waiz Yousf Shah a grand uncle of Umar Farooq the present Mirwaiz of Kashmir became cat’s paw for Muslim clergy At the behest of MA Jinnah he cor­ned on in Pakistan a compaign of canard of concocted and alleged tales of persecution of Kashmiri Muslims under Dogra Hindu rule and pioneered the process of infecting the psyche of the Kashmiri Muslims with the ideal of separate quam nation Barring in Srinagar and the southern Kashmiri they acted as guides and accomplices of Pakistan army supported Pakistan tribals in their crusade against the infidels for the glory of Islam by means of murder rape loot arson and conversion by coercion According to a Reuter’s dispatch in 1947 the mass rape at Baramulle eclipsed the massacre at Rajouri in Jammu province With a view to grab Kashmir by force Pakistan flauntingly violated Maharaja Hari Singh standstill agreement with India and Pakistan and in a way pushed him to execute the instrument of accession to India But for the landing of the Indian troops at Srinagar who stalled the advance of the tribals almost at the gates of Srinagar the gori things would have happened had they entered the city When the popular Government came into existence in free Jammu and Kashmir it started imperceptibly implementing the resolutions of the Reading Room Party We cannot help making allowance for the occurrence of some pleasant and unpleasant things in the course of transfer of power from one form of Government to another These are bound to happen But when the mind of the people at the helm of affairs is warped and deformed by narrow sectarian communal and religious considerations and prejudices one cannot hope for fairness and justice The newly sprung Muslim Ministers coupled with the bureaucracy and executive of the same creed made the KP officers and official’s targets of their vendetta for being good and loyal employees of the erstwhile rulers Resorting to compulsion and coercion they brushed aside all moral restraints in subjecting the KP employees in subordinate positions to injustice and gross un­fairness and vexations and whimsical orders Their rights by way of their seniority qualification and experience were treated as trifles They were relegated to second class sta­tus and treatment Was this their dream of Naya Kashmir they had aspired to build in a democratic egalitarian secular framework in unison with the Muslim freedom fighters Having gauged and scanned the trend of the Government and having been disillusioned and embittered with the gap between its theory and practice some self respecting KP intellectuals abandoned Srinagar Notable among these are Dr RK Bhan Prof Soom Nath Dhar Prof TN Raina Prof SN Koul Prof PN Dhar Secy to Late Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi Veer Vesheswer and others There are innu­merable prominent KP personalities who felt compelled by hostile political and economic circumstances to bid unwill­ing good bye to their dear native places They found the climate of the paradise charged with sinister and inauspi­cious and revengeful mist which would in due course of time drop as brutal hail on the poor KPs leaving them cold shiv­ering and stunned People like Sh RN Koul Advocate Ex-Registrar Supreme Court of IndiaSh PN Koul Karihaloo Ex-Governor Reserve Bank of ndia Sh Zinda Lal Koul Charge do affairs Sh SN Bhat Indian Railways Sh J N Ganjoo Secretary Indian Embassy in USA who died recently and among others Munshis Kaws Saproos Tengs Gassis Thusoos Wangnoos and so on migrated to better and safer pastures The post independence period in JampK state witnessed an unmistakebly slow and steady exodus of the KP community owing mainly to the following prime and significant factors: a Break down of law and order b Ever dwindling and waning chances for securing govern­ment appointments in spite of their requisite merit and quali­fications c Abolition of Zamindari system which though welcome step in principle resulted in turning thousands of KP land­owners into paupers as no compensation in lieu of loss of their land was granted to them Nor was any other means of rehabilitating them sought with the inevitable result that they became victims of rural indebtedness d Discrimination of admission of KP youth to higher edu­cational and technical and professional institutions The year 1948 dawned quite ominous forthe KPs The tribals of NWFP again supported by regular Pakistan army re-raided north Kashmir this time fromTitwal Karnah-Keran in Kupwara sector Meeting no resistance of any name the raiders wiped out all KPs staying behind in the region following the earlier raid of the Pakistan army and tribals in 1947 on the heels of the partition Unfortunately Mahatma Gandhi Father of the Nation met his dramatic end in the national capital in the course of his prayers for national reconciliation and emotional integration Here in Kashmira compaign was let loose to harass and humiliate KPs for alleged allegiance to RSS and those who were thought to be stooges of Maharaja Hari Singh the then ruler of the state Distinguished and emi­nently respectable KPs were summoned time and again to Halqa Block National Conference offices for interrogation by members of the Halqa peace Brigade officers They were subjected to unbearable disgrace humiliation and even tor­tured for personal animosity and political vendetta Not tol­erating this insult many people belonging to various social and political groups were disgusted and ran away to escape facing dire consequences Thus a good number of KPs of repute holding dignity honour dear to them said good bye to the Valley never to re-enter it There was obviously no state authority to look to the affairs of law and order Only the peace brigade constituted at the time of Pakistani aggres­sion ruled the roost and held the supreme sway They enjoyed the full liberty to settle their personal scores A noted historian and political associate and co-worker of Sheikh Mohmmed Abdullah PN Bazaz records that “those who dared to oppose National Conference were treated as ‘Pariah’ dogs They were arrested in thousands their hands tied with ropes behind their backs and dragged like animals through the main bazars of Srinagar and other towns” The former Prime Minister Shri RC Kak was taken from a subjail to the High Court on foot with his hands tied with rope made of dry paddy hay and enroute Muslim National Con­ference workers pelted stones cast dirt and rubbish on him and even spat at him And in the courtroom the NC activ­ists manhandled him doing him physical violence while the judge looked on helplessly and dumbly Now the soil was propitious for Sheikh Modmmed Abdullah to transform into reality his cherished dream that had been lurking in his mind since the Reading Room Forum days ZAMIN KISSAN KI In 1950 an act called “The JampK landed Estates Abolition Act of 2007 1950 vide Act No: XVII of 2007” was passed It purported the abolition of big landed estates and their transfer to the actual tillers This act came into force with immediate effect without any consideration for payment of compensation to the landowners dispos­sessed of their land The landowners could retain 182 ca­nals of land with no tenancy rights According to the provi­sion of the Act the landowner would get 1/4 th of the yield of 182 canals but no share of the hay Sheikh Sahib’s dream came true when he rapturously witnessed the KP irrepara­bly hit by his land reform program With one hit below the belt he gloated quietly at the thought that KPs had been sent sprawling with no chance to recover and fight back Reduced to the state of paupers the aggrieved KPs knocked at the doors of justice but in vain The land reform blitz that turned the tables out of justifiable proportion on the former land lords and changed social relationships and traditions so suddenly generated enough heat in the dispossessed land lord community to which KP community was no exception To the tenants predominantly Muslims the Act came as a boon and blessing and they received it with jubilation and revelry On the landlords mostly Hindus it fell like a guillo­tine They protested and cried hoarse against the unfair and partisan and jaundiced deal given to them The game plan of the Sheikh was clearly seen through The cardinal objec­tive of the Act was to deprive the landlords of their rights as proprietors and help the tenants at the cost of the former The judicious approach ought to have been made to find a path to secure fair play and justice to both the classes The Act it became clear was remotely motivated by such con­sideration and indicated antagonistic and hostile approaches only to see that KPs were reduced to penury The Act was sheerly based against the Hindu community in particular and heavily tilting in favour of the tillers thus making one class poor and the other suddenly rich The Act was categorically against the spirit and the interest of natural justice accord­ing to the bereft and distressed landowners The writer has personally been witness to the spectacle of so many KP Chakdars starving and living below poverty line Deprived of all means of sustenance for their families and livestock they distributed their starving cows among their well off neighbours and bewailed their destiny Chances for appointment and promotions were blocked by taking into employment undesirable and incompetent per­sons from the majority community ignoring the deserving and qualified and technically trained hands It became a state policy to ignore KPs in matters of appointment and give first preference and priority to take a Muslim applicant or to wait till one became eligible or available A KP teacher with a good deal of service to his credit was made subordinate to his Muslim taught who was upgraded and promoted to be his Head Master Here is an instance on how the administration of education was deliberately and crudely maligned Once all aspirants to the post of head­master were called for an interview and the venue was the open lawns of the palace on the bank of the Jhelum Hin­dus Muslims and Sikhs their number ran into hundreds Sheikh Sahib the then Prime Minister and incharge of education was in a fix what he should do He hit upon a plan He asked them to fall in two rows – one of those tall in size and the other comparatively short or medium This having been done he had a look around and looked still indecisive and confused since both the rows consisted of both Hindus and Muslims Ultimately utilizing his sweet whim of absolute power he resorted to absolute corrupt practice of pick and choose by pointing his finger like Hitler on tall Muslim aspirants like Mr Abdul Ahad Mr Kak and others singling out about 100 teachers from the lot ignoring veteran teach­ers like Sh Gangadhar Dhar Sh Sham Lal Madan Sh Raghunath Kaul Sh Keshov Nath Veshin and so many oth­ers This naturally entailed a breaking of hearts and genu­ine grievance of unjustified unwarranted and brazenly un­restrained open discrimination against the KPs The realization that Kashmir is not a place for the future of their children nor for their posterity began to gain ground and later events confirmed it so that it turned into a conviction deeply rooted in the treatment meted to KPs in every sphere of life in Kashmir and they started turning their gaze beyond the borders of the state to find sustenance to their survival They were snubbed and subjected to various indignities and de­prived of avenues and opportunities to display what mettle they are made of Thus started an imperceptible exodus of KPs for pastures elsewhere The state Government controlled regulated and steered by the National Conference passed new laws designed to pro­tect the interest of the majority community One of these was the Agrarian reform law brought into abolish tenancy farming All land that was cultivated by tenants was taken away from the landlords and transferred to the tenants It was a welcome step in socialistic sense But the axe fell on the KPs in the Valley as the new law made them suddenly paupers and deprived them of source of their income and livelihood Many of them who were solely dependent on land turned into paupers Since the bulk of the landlords affected by the Agrarian reform were the KPs the reform as a tremendous success It was along cherished desire of the ruling National Conference to snatch away the land The money that was to be paid to them for their land barely added to a fraction of a year’s income from it and in any case it was to be paid at some future date not specified Decades have passed since the KPs lost their ancestral fields They have still not received the money The compen­sation case is still pending resolution No attempt was eves made to rehabilitate the ex-owners of the land As it all this were not sufficient Caesar appeared in the form of a ghost Mr Ghulam Mohd Sadiq said to be a liberal emancipated progressive and secular person passed as state Education Minister in Bakhshi Ghulam Mohd Ministry an impugned order/circular that only 30 percent seats at the maximum be allowed to the KP boys seeking admission to academic colleges for higher education not to talk of ad­mission to professional institutes What tale hangs thereby is obvious And it was allowed to take effect when the state followed the declared policy/program of free education to all up to postgraduate level In order to curtail and curb and demoralize the brilliant KP youth from obtaining admission in academic and professional colleges in the state various impediments and hurdles were put up in the form of admis­sion committees selection boards and boards for catego­rizing and classifying the admission seekers The tacit pur­pose was to dissuade and deprive them of all possible op­portunities for progress and advancement How ironical it is that the son of Muslim Chief Secretary was deemed and acknowledged as backward while his Jamadar-Ramjoo’s son was declared forward and not entitled to the award of the backward certificate! The resultant mood among the KPs was naturally underlined by preference for life and death some where else to economic strangulation and deprivation in the so called Naya Kashmir where communal prejudice and discrimination had become order of the day under the patronage of rulers known for secular credentials There were writ petitions of scores of KP teachers and admission seekers in the Apex Court of the country and the state High Court for redressal of their genuine grievances and injustice meted out to them on the basis of belonging to the KP com­munity The powers that be minced no words in telling them that India is a vast country and KPs could go upto Raskumari Cape Comorin Where will the poor Muslims go This was the import of the discourse of no less a person than late Sheikh Mohmmed Abdullah with a deputation of the KPs that called on him to give vent to their protest We believed him to a majestic edifice sheltering us all The signal was loud and clear – the KPs had better pack up and get scat­tered over the rest of India it would be of no avail to them to stay back Sheikh Sahib’s words made it abundantly clear what his motives were The agitation by the Muslims following the disappearance of the holy relic at Dargah Hazratbal in 1964 and the KP agita­tion following the conversion of an underage KP girl Parmeshwari to Islam was a severe setback to the existing KP social fabric It aggravated the process of exodus of KPs that was going on quietly un-cared for by the so-called nationalists While concluding the era from 1931 to the end of 1985 I find it quite pertinent to quote here a few significant excerpts from the book “History of Kashmiri Pandits” by justice Jia Lal Kilam also known as Sher-e-Babbar Kilam He terminates his history at the point of time of the conversion of Muslim Conference to National Conference Why he did so is intriguing and worth probing He writes “But here we stop What followed is matter of recent history in which the present writer has also played his humble part It would indeed be embarrassing for the present writer to discuss facts that form a quite recent history” A person of Kilam Sahib’s status and caliber and with his rich and varied store of information and personal experience on the subject should not have chosen to cut it short and apply the break abruptly to bring the history of the sufferings of the tormented community and the events having bearing on life after the conversion of the Muslim Conference into National Conference to a grinding halt It should be appa­rent that there could not be any justification to abandon the narrative kept alive by his compelling historical impulse to see things as they are to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity He ought not to have left the community in the lurch by leaving the story untold Obviously there must have been more compelling and urgent considerations – political social and last but not the least personal that must have constrained the roaring lion of the KP community to become tame and quiet Is not discretion the better part of valour The Sixth Exodus The mastermind behind the planning and architect of Shah Masjid within the premises of an ancient temple inside the New Civil Secretariat area at Jammu was Mr Gul Shah ‘Padsha’ and his brigade of hoodlums and hooligans sirwallas after he had snatched political power from his estranged brother-in-law Dr Farooq Abdullah Gul Shah held the reigns of power as Chief Minister for a spell of twenty months His regime was the worst ever in the post indepen­dence history of the state Every Kashmiri even every child who had attained age of consciousness then will testify that Kashmir saw maximum number of curfew days during Shah Sahib’s mis-rule He earned the appellation ‘Gul Curfew’ not unjustifiably and undeservedly Chaos and confusion held its sway all over Law and order suffered a complete break down Anarchy spread its tentacles in political social and economic area Corruption was rampant The valiant people of Jammu did not take Shah Sahib’s he­roic deed lying down They poured out into the streets There were demonstrations and protest marches throughout Jammu against this avowedly Islamic act of the CM in a secular state Shah was not only haughty but also unpredictable and deeply vindictive Accompanied by some of his trusted Muslim of­ficers and bureaucrats like Sheikh Gulam Rasool the former chief secretary who could boast of brave exploits of having evicted some KPs from EP Quarters Gulshah entered Srinagar on 20th February 1986 and provoked the Muslims to communalise the situation in Kashmir in view of what had happened in Jammu and deliberately raised the boggy of ‘Islam Khatre Mein Hai’ Islam is in danger and excited and raked his Lushkar Brigade known as Lushkari Gulshah Padshah among the local people into a violent and bloody stance end then directed them towards Kashmiri Pandits for no fault of theirs At his behest they went on a unleashed spree of desecrating their temples and places of worship and shrines torching their cowsheds and molesting their womenfolk This time it was in south Kashmir that had in the post-independence time remained untouched by the loot arson murder molestation and rapes by the tribal invaders with the active support of Pakistan in league with its stooges in Kashmir They had not suffered the ordeal and trauma that the KPs in Baramulla district had passed through in the wake of partition in 1947 The then Congress I President Mufti Mond Syed the former Union Home Minister patron­ized a member of his clan Qazi Nissar a crude and con­firmed fundamentalist and theologian to spearhead the movem­ent against the KPs in Southern Kashmir where the latter commanded a vast influence and audience This provided the hawk like Farooq Abdullah a golden opportunity to go for fishing in the troubled waters The anti-KP tirade of repres­sion spread like wild fire The main targets were their temples to what was a lightning operation temples at Vanpoh Lukbhawan Anantnag Salar Fatehpur Akoora and so many places in South Kashmir and those in and around Sopore in north Kashmir the birth place of Jamaite Islami leader Ali Shah Gillani were rampaged demolished and leveled to ground and destroyed in fire It was like Sultan Slkandar the iconoclast butshikan having been recalled to life Putting the pieces together it is very easy to discover that it was a planned design of the pseudo secularists and the Muslim fundamentalists with Qazi Nissar in the vanguard hatched not only to destroy the property of the KPs but also it bred a fear psychosis in their mind so as to facilitate and precipitate their early flight from the Valley It was the shadow of the coming events It did cause a tremor in the KP psyche and many a sagacious person was wakeful enough to read the writing on the wall and take time by the forelock Not a tear was shed by the then Government of the State or the Central Government The light that Mahatma Gandhi had sighted in Kashmir was beginning to fade The KPs were frightened and armed by the psychological onslaught by the forces inimical to India on the patriotic community of the KPs The episode of 1986 in fact made two things crystal clear: Kashmir is for Kashmiri Musalman only Islam can exist and flourish there and there is no place or scope for any other religion or it followers to co-exist in Kashmir The slogan of secularism with reference to Kashmir in particular is a farce and a facade rendered hollow and a hoax by the passage of time and the behaviour of the State and Central Governments viz Kashmir secularism as a concept and way of life had become cold and dead and lay buried deep in the same Kashmir where during the bloody days proceeding and following the partition of India the Father of the Nation Bapu had seen a ray of hope of survival of communal amity and harmony It turned out to be a myopic sight The myth had got exploded with a bang whether they heard it in India or not They heard it in deed but they paid no heed or were indifferent or did not care about it since it touched neither their skin nor their heart It touched them no where at all The Indian intelligentsia and leadership of all hues and la­bels remained mute spectators The mass media looked the other way The Indian Army and security forces sta­tioned in the Valley could not come to the rescue and succour of the unhinged and terrorized KPs The State administra­tion gloated and laughed up its sleeve at their plight and anguish It was at this juncture that the KP lost his forth and trust in both the State and the Central administration Both betrayed his faith and turned out to be pusillanimous in the extreme The very soul of India was gasping for breath the very corner stone of India’s composite cultural tradition was dislodged the backbone of Indian polity was broken the spirit of the constitution of India was hacked It appeared that the State Administration and the anti-KP and anti-na­tional elements were in league with each other for the former did nothing to assuage the emotional pain caused by the communal violence The KP looked at the situation in a historical perspective and its analysis left him in no doubt that it formed a link in the chain of persecution of KPs at the hands of the Muslims Those who were not complacent and doubted the effectiveness of the Indian polity took the cue and planned their quiet exit from the Valley where the latter-day Chengezes and Tartars in the form of Gulla Shahs Farooqs Syed Mir Qassims Qazi Nissars etc with their inherited convert’s blood and zeal were there to carry on their tradition in a modern drafty manner Thousand of KPs saw no redeeming feature in the way things were shaping and found no option but to make preparation or rather be in a state of preparedness for deserting their motherland physically and mentally The truth is that numerous families disposed of their immovable property and left the valley for good The Seventh and Final Exodus The wounds inflicted on the Kashmiri Hindus in the 1986 disturbances were not allowed to heal Looking back now the episode looks like a mild arm twisting of the State administration and that of the so-called mighty India to gauge their real might and will-power to deal with recurrence of such disturbing situations The unexpected speed with which anti-India and anti-Kashmiri Hindu designs the seeds of which read been sown over the years began to unfold themselves was the most terrifying thing about it The madrasas financed and run by the Jamait-e-Islami had poisoned the mind of the younger generation with Islamic fundamentalism under dictation from the theocratic Pakistan The Jamaite-Islami activists had crept into the services at a large scale They had found their way even into the top rung of the State machinery and also influenced and won the members of the bureaucracy that crossed over to their side So for all practical purposes the State bureaucracy was hand in glove with pro-Pak elements and forces that had most sinister plans up their sleeves Though Dr Farooq Abdullah saddled himself in power by allegedly rigged elections in 1987 the power had as a matter of fact slipped from his hands The Muslim United Front a new fangled Muslim outfit owing political allegiance to Pakistan did not take its defeat at the busting lying down and vowed to get its own back A monster with virulent fangs was harnessing itself for the charge The Government headed by the nincompoop chief minister was too inefficient to crush the monster raising its horrible head Law and order machinery that had developed cracks became steadily defunct Farooq Abdullah openly admitted having sent numerous Kashmiri Muslim youth to Pak for training in arms He released about seventy of them soon after they had been arrested It is clear that armed insurgency and subversive activities were receiving state patronage and protection Original article- indianindologycom- Surinder Negi 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