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Inside the Islamic State refugee camp |
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Omertà in Action: The Cannibal Strategy and Shati Refugee Shelling |
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Refugees and Turkey: A Research Symposium |
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Refugee Hearings » |
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Rohingya Refugees Call for Justice as Angelina Jolie Visits Bangladesh Camp |
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Helping Africa Help Refugees |
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AFRICAN REFUGEES |
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Sanam Anderlini to Speak at Doha Debates on Global Refugee Crisis |
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A Border Wall Win Win – Sell Guns to Refugees Instead of Gangs |
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Origin of The Bhutanese Refugee Camp |
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LERRN’s director leads discussion on the global refugee regime |
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Do Refugee Encampment Policies Contribute to Communal Conflict |
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Pako icon hosts refugee dinner |
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Immigration and Refugee Board |
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African Union launches 2019 Year of Refugees Returnees and Internally Displaced People |
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Free Teachers’ Twilight Event: Using Illustration for Teaching and Learning About Refugee Experiences |
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Refugees: Merry Christmas! Erg…Merry What |
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Refugees Welcome |
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According to CFR the US pays for about 40 percent of the budget for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR the World Food Program WFP the International |
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Think with AR: Snap Inc’s competition to support refugee mental health with Doctors without Borders |
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Syrian refugee shot in head after masked men attack house in Istanbul |
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UCL’s first Arabic MOOC will bring education opportunities to refugees in Lebanon |
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Digital Health Platforms to Improve Health of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon |
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President Farmajo Calls on AU Leaders to Adopt Progressive Refugee Laws |
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World Refugee Day |
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Climate Refugees: A Looming Threat |
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Local Solutions for Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants |
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Pakistani innovators design cheap and climate-friendly flat-pack homes for refugees |
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Turkey Home to 29 Million Syrian Refugees |
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THOUSANDS OF ETHIOPIAN REFUGEES HELD FOR RANSOM IN SAUDI ARABIA |
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Refugee Week Conference |
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We provide free lawyers to immigrant and refugee children who are being deported |
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We stand with ALL Refugees trying to carry out the American Dream: |
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Yaounde Military Court assuming jurisdiction despite finding President Ayuk Tabe and CO as refugees and asylum seekers |
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Refugee medical flights from Christmas Island to the mainland could cost up to 100000 each |
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More than a Refugee TC Istanbul April 2018 |
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On World Refugee Day held every year on June 20th we commemorate the strength courage and perseverance of millions of refugees This year World Refugee Day also marks a key moment for the public to show support for families forced to flee |
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Bookmark ILHAM – An Authentic Afghani Catering Service By Women Refugees |
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A bike helps refugees and asylum-seekers access food banks legal advice healthcare education and much more |
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Etymology of Environmental issues Over the last century sea levels have risen about 20 centimetres 8 in further rises of the ocean could threaten the existence of Maldives being the lowest country in the world with a maximum natural ground level of only 23 metres 7 ft 7 in with the average being only 15 metres 4 ft 11 in above sea level Current estimates place sea level rise at 59 centimetres 23 in by the year 2100 However around 1970 the sea level there dropped 20–30 centimetres 8–12 inIn November 2008 President Mohamed Nasheed announced plans to look into purchasing new land in India Sri Lanka and Australia because of his concerns about global warming and the possibility of much of the islands being inundated with water from rising sea levels The purchase of land will be made from a fund generated by tourism The President has explained his intentions: We do not want to leave the Maldives but we also do not want to be climate refugees living in tents for decades A tsunami in the Indian Ocean caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake caused serious damage to the socioeconomic infrastructure which left many people homeless and irreversible damage to the environment After the disaster cartographers are planning to redraw the maps of the islands due to alterations caused by the tsunami On 22 April 2008 then Maldives President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom pleaded for a cut in global greenhouse gas emissions warning that rising sea levels could submerge the island nation of Maldives president of maldives mohamed nasheedup Marine ecosystem Maldives waters are home to wide variety of ecosystems but it is most noted for their variety of colorful coral reefs home to 300 species of fish Seven species have been described as new to science several more await description Over 400 have been identified and catalogued and many are now held in the reference collection including 5 species of turtles 51 species of echinoderms 5 species of sea grasses and 285 species of alga amp sponges crustaceans and tunicates The total number of coral species recorded from the Maldives to date is about 200 representing over 60 genera 5 species of turtles 51 species of echinoderms 5 species of sea grasses and 285 species of alga amp sponges crustaceans and tunicates In the Uthuru Province Baa Atoll Maldives you can find Moray Eels Puffer Fish Fusiliers Jackfish Lionfish In the Kaafu Atoll Maldives you can find Sweetlips Sharks Groupers Eels and Snappers In the North Ari Atoll Medhu-Uthuru Province Maldives you can find Groupers Rays Moray Eels Banner Fish Bat Fish Hump head Wrasse Stingrays In the Medhu-Uthuru Province Ari Atoll you can find Eagle Rays Spotted Rays Scorpion Fish Puffer Fish Reef Fish Lobsters Groupers In the West of the Hinnavaru Island you can find Moray Eels Nudibranches Groupers Turtles Rays Angelfish Butterfly Fish Scorpion Fish In the South of Filitheyo North Nilandhe Atoll you can find Squirrel fish soldier fish banner fish glass fish fusiliers and unicorn fish In the Outer West of the North Male Atoll you can find Napoleon wrasses tuna barracudas surgeonfish snappers gray reef sharks white and silver tip reef sharks and eagle rays These coral reefs are home to a variety of marine ecosystems that vary from planktonic organisms to sharks crustaceans and sponges Sponges have gained a special interest as five species have already being identified as having anti-tumor and anti-cancer properties In 1998 warming due to El Nino phenomenon killed 2/3 of the Maldives coral reefs due to bleaching Coral reef bleaching is a “term suggested in place of coral bleaching because this condition is seldom limited to corals and most affected photo symbiotic hosts reside on coral reefs” Bleaching is the loss of photo symbiotic microorganisms dinoflagellates red and green algae or cyanobacteria or the pigments of these photosymbionts or some of both from tissues of host cnidarians sponges molluscs or other photosymbiotic host animals The name comes from the whitening of many hosts which possess few pigments of their own A whale shark in the Maldives one of many animals that inhabit the reefs that make up the whole country Due to the bleaching that occurred in 1998 from the El-Nino effect much of the coral life was reduced The marine water had been raised as much as 5 degrees but several scientists came together to create electrified cones Each cone was placed anywhere from 20–60 feet below the water The electrified cone create an attraction for the larva to attach itself In 2004 scientists witnessed corals regenerating Corals began to eject pink-orange eggs and sperm The growth of these corals are surprisingly five times faster than ordinary corals One of the scientists named Azeez Hakim witnessed this extraordinary event “Before 1998 we never thought that this reef would die We had always taken for granted that these animals would be there that this reef would be there forever El Nino gave us a wake-up call that these things are not going to be there forever” Hakim said This is great news because without their recovery it would be difficult to maintain the balance of the environment “They help by removing and recycling the carbon-dioxide which in excess amounts can lead to global warming Not only this they also act as a natural barrier against the tropical storms floods and tsunamis Seaweeds grow on the skeletons of dead coral” The corals reefs are like the rainforest for marine life History Comparative studies of Maldivian oral linguistic and cultural traditions and customs confirm that the first settlers were Dravidian people 29from Kerala in the Sangam period 300 BCE – 300 CE most probably fishermen from the southwest coasts of what is now the south of the Indian Subcontinent and the western shores of Sri Lanka One such community is the Giraavaru people descended from ancient Tamils They are mentioned in ancient legends and local folklore about the establishment of the capital and kingly rule in Malé They are considered to be the earliest community of settlers on the islands A strong underlying layer of Tamil population and culture is present in Maldivian society with a clear Tamil-Malayalam substratum in the language which also appears in place names kin terms poetry dance and religious beliefs Keralan sea faring led to Tamil settling of the Laccadives and the Maldives were evidently viewed as an extension of the archipelago Some argue that Sindhi’s also were an early layer of migration Seafaring from Debal began during the Indus valley civilization The Jatakas and Puranas show abundant evidence of this maritime trade Another early settlers might have been from Southeast Asia The arrival of Sinhalese who were descended from the exiled Kalinga India Prince Vijaya Vijaya was a Banga or a Prince of Bengal whose maternal ancestor was Kalinga and his party of several hundred in the Maldives occurred between 543 to 483 BCE They were made to leave their native regions of Orissa and the Sinhapura kingdom in north west India According to the Mahavansa one of the ships that sailed with Prince Vijaya who went to Sri Lanka around 500 BC went adrift and arrived at an island called Mahiladvipika which is the Maldives It is also said that at that time the people from Mahiladvipika used to travel to Sri Lanka Their settlement in Sri Lanka and some of the Maldives marks a significant change in demographics and the development of the Indo-Aryan language Dhivehi There are some signs of Arab inhabitants mostly in southernmost atolls Buddhism came to the Maldives at the time of Emperor Ashoka’s expansion and became the dominant religion of the people of the Maldives until the 12th century AD The ancient Maldivian Kings promoted Buddhism and the first Maldive writings and artistic achievements in the form of highly developed sculpture and architecture are from that period Isdhoo Lōmāfānu is the oldest copper-plate book to have been discovered in the Maldives to date The book was written in AD 1194 590 AH in Evēla form of the Divehi akuru with the exception of the first plate during the reign of Siri Fennaadheettha Mahaa Radun Dhinei Kalaminja Tusites Maakri the god of war in Maldivian mythology was said to overtake any leader that may have done wrongful deeds while wearing the crown First archaeological study of the remains of early cultures on the Maldives began with the work of HCP Bell a British commissioner of the Ceylon Civil Service Bell was shipwrecked on the islands in 1879 and returned several times to investigate ancient Buddhist ruins He studied the ancient mounds called havitta or ustubu these names are derived from chaitiyaor stupa Dhivehi: ހަވިއްތަ by the Maldivians which are found on many of the atolls Although Bell asserted that the ancient Maldivians followed Theravada Buddhism many local Buddhist archaeological remains now in the Malé Museum display in fact Mahayana and Vajrayana iconography In the early 11th century the Minicoy and Thiladhunmathi also possibly other northern Atolls was conquered by the medieval Chola Tamil emperor Raja Raja Chola I becoming a part of the Chola empire According to a legend from the Maldivian Folklore in the early 12th century AD a medieval prince named Koimala nobleman of the Lion Race from Ceylon sailed to Rasgetheemu island literally King’s Town in North Maalhosmadulu Atoll and from there to Malé and established a kingdom there By then the Aadeetta Sun Dynasty had for sometime ceased to rule in Malé possibly due to invasions by the Cholas of Southern India in the Tenth Century The indigenous people in Malé Atoll the Giraavaru invited Koimala to Malé and permitted him to be proclaimed king Koimala Kalou Lord Koimala reigned as King Maanaabarana was a king of the Homa Lunar Dynasty which some historians call House of Theemuge Since Koimala’s reign the Maldive throne was also known as the Singaasana Lion Throne 31 Before then and in some situations since it was also known as the Saridhaaleys Ivory Throne Some Historians accredit Koimala of freeing the Maldives from Tamil Chola rule Various plants were submerged into the sea in order to attract large sea snails nautiluses gastropods and mollusks Their valuable cowrie shells were sold throughout the Medieval world The Maldives were the first landfall for traders of Basrah sailing to Sri Lanka or Southeast Asia In the Maldives ships could take on fresh water fruit and the delicious basket-smoked red flesh of the black bonito a delicacy exported to Sindh and China and Yemen The people of the archipelago were gentle civilized and hospitable They produced brass utensils as well as fine cotton textiles exported in the form of sarongs and turban lengths These local industries must have depended on imported raw materials The other essential product of the Maldives was coir the fiber of the dried coconut husk Cured in pits beaten spun and then twisted into cordage and ropes coir’s salient quality is that it is resistant to saltwater It stitched and rigged the Dhows that plied the Indian Ocean Maldivian coir was exported to Sindh China Yemen and the Persian Gulf “It is stronger than hemp” wrote Ibn Battuta “and is used to sew together the planks of Sindhi and Yemeni Dhows for this sea abounds in reefs and if the planks were fastened with iron nails they would break into pieces when the vessel hit a rock The coir gives the boat greater elasticity so that it doesn’t break up” Queen Siri Raadha Abaarana Mahaa Rehendhi Sultana Khadija a 14th century queen and her husband Mohamed El-Jameelgiving an audience The drawing is allegedly based on the writings of the fourteenth Century Moorish traveller Ibn Batuta who on visiting Maldives was invited to stay as the Qadi Chief Justice from the year 1347 to 1349 Several foreign travelers mainly Arabs had written about a kingdom over the Maldives ruled by a queen This kingdom pre-dated Koimala’s reign al-Idrisi referring to the writings of earlier writers mentions the name of one of the queens Her name was Damahaar She was a member of the Aadeetta Sun dynasty The Homa Lunar dynasty sovereigns inter-married with the Aaditta Sun Dynasty This was why the formal titles of Maldive kings until 1968 contained references to kula sudha ira which meant descended from the Moon and the Sun No official records exist of the Aadeetta dynasty’s reign The conversion to Islam is mentioned in the ancient edicts written in copper plates from the end of the 12th century AD There is also a locally well-known legend about a foreign saint an Azeri from the city of Tabriz who subdued a demon known as Rannamaari Dhovemi Kalaminja who succeeded Koimala converted to Islam in the year AD 1153 The main export of medieval Maldivians was cowries shell which they cultivated by floating branches of coconut palms in the sea to which the shells attached themselves Ibn Battuta described the next step: They gather these cowries in the sea and then put them in holes in the ground until the flesh rots leaving the white shellthey exchange the shells for rice with the people of neighboring countries who use them as a major currency They also sell them to the people of Yemen who ballast their ships with them These cowries are also used in the Swahili Coast Zanj I saw them being sold in Mali and Gao at a rate of 1150 per dinar it was used to make necklaces and lucky charms In the Maldives the exchange rate at that time was 400000 cowries to the gold dinar This was 1/350 of the Malian rate a proportion that gives an idea of the profits possible in the cowry trade if the shells could be transported far enough from their place of origin Over the centuries the islands have been visited and their development influenced by sailors and traders from countries on the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal In 1953 there was a brief abortive attempt to form a republic but the sultanate was re-imposed In 1959 objecting to Nasir’s centralism the inhabitants of the three southernmost atolls protested against the government They formed the United Suvadive Republic and elected Abdullah Afeef as president and Hithadhoo as capital of this republic Although governed as an independent Islamic sultanate from 1153 to 1968 the Maldives was a British protectorate from 1887 until 25 July 1965 Independence The agreement giving the Maldives full political independence was signed on behalf of His Majesty the Sultan by Ibrahim Nasir Rannabandeyri Kilegefan Prime Minister and on behalf of Her Majesty the Queen by Sir Michael Walker British Ambassador designate to the Maldive Islands The Ceremony took place at the British High Commissioner’s Residence in Colombo on 26 July 1965 After independence from Britain in 1965 the sultanate continued to operate for another three years under King Muhammad Fareed Didi On 11 November 1968 the monarchy was abolished and replaced by a republic under the presidency of Ibrahim Nasir although this was a cosmetic change without any significant alteration in the structures of government The official name of the country was changed from Maldive Islands to the Maldives Tourism began to be developed on the archipelago by the beginning of the 1970s However political infighting during the ’70s between President Nasir’s faction and other popular political figures led to the 1975 arrest and exile of elected prime minister Ahmed Zaki to a remote atoll Economic decline followed the closure of the British airfield at Gan and the collapse of the market for dried fish an important export With support for his administration faltering Nasir fled to Singapore in 1978 allegedly with millions of dollars from the treasury Maumoon Abdul Gayoom began a 30-year role as President in 1978 winning six consecutive elections without opposition His election was seen as ushering in a period of political stability and economic development in view of Gayoom’s priority to develop the poorer islands Tourism flourished and increased foreign contact spurred development in the islands However his rule is controversial with some critics saying Gayoom was an autocrat who quelled dissent by limiting freedoms and political favoritism A series of coup attempts in 1980 1983 and 1988 by Nasir supporters and business interests tried to topple the government without success While the first two attempts met with little success the 1988 coup attempt involved a roughly 200-person force of the PLOTE Tamil militant group who seized the airport and caused Gayoom to flee from house to house until the intervention of 1600 Indian troops airlifted into Malé restored order In November 1988 a group of Maldivians headed by Muhammadu Ibrahim Lutfee a small time businessman used Tamil mercenaries from Sri Lanka to stage a coup against President Gayoom After an appeal by the Maldivian government for help the Indian military intervened against the mercenaries in order to reinstate Gayoom in power On the night of 3 November 1988 the Indian Air Force airlifted a parachute battalion group from Agra and flew them non-stop over 2000 kilometres 1200 mi to the Maldives The Indian paratroopers landed at Hulule and secured the airfield and restored the government rule at Malé within hours The brief bloodless operation labelled Operation Cactus also involved the Indian Navy 2004 Tsunami People in Malé removing sand bags from a nearby construction site to be used as a barrier to protect their homes from the flood shortly after being hit by the tsunami generated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake On 26 December 2004 following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake the Maldives were devastated by a tsunami Only nine islands were reported to have escaped any flooding while fifty-seven islands faced serious damage to critical infrastructure fourteen islands had to be totally evacuated and six islands were destroyed A further twenty-one resort islands were forced to close because of serious damage The total damage was estimated at more than 400 million US dollars or some 62 percent of the GDP A total of 108 people including six foreigners reportedly died in the tsunamiThe destructive impact of the waves on the low-lying islands was mitigated by the fact there was no continental shelf or land mass upon which the waves could gain height The tallest waves were reported to be 14 feet 43 m high Multi-party democracy Violent protests in 2004 and 2005 organized by the Current president Mohamed Nasheed former political Prisoner and his party led to a series of reforms to the Country Internal and International pressure forces President Gayoom to legalize political parties and improve the democratic process Multi-party multi-candidate elections were held on 9 October 2008 with 5 candidates running against incumbent Gayoom A 28 October runoff electionbetween Gayoom and Mohamed Nasheed as the Presidential Candidate a former journalist and political prisoner who is a staunch critic of the Gayoom regime resulted in a 54-percent majority for Nasheed and his vice-president candidate Dr Waheed In a speech prior to handing over power to his successor on 11 November 2008 Gayoom said: I deeply regret any actions on my part that led to unfair treatment difficulty or injustice for any Maldivian At the time Nasheed was detained and imprisoned for several times since the age of 20 for heavy criticisms against Gayyom’s Administration and its officials in relating to Election Frauds and high profile Corruption Nasheed was tortured and treated inhumanly in detention Gayoom was the longest serving leader of any Asian nation Mohamed Nasheed became the first President to be elected by a multi-party democracy in the Maldives and Dr Waheed was the first elected Vice President in the Maldives Their election victory ended the 30 year Dictatorship of President Gayoom The new government of President Nasheed faces restoring the islands and economy after the 2004 tsunami addressing concerns for the effect of global warming on the future of the islands unemployment government corruption and increasing drug use especially among youth On 10 November 2008 Nasheed announced an intent to create a sovereign wealth fund with money earned from tourism that could be used to purchase land elsewhere for the Maldives people to relocate should rising sea levels due to climate change inundate the country The government is reportedly considering locations in Sri Lanka and India due to cultural and climate similarities and as far away as Australia Politics Muliaa’ge- the Presidential Palace of Malé Maldives Maldives is a presidential republic with the President as head of government and head of state The President heads the executive branch and appoints the cabinet which is approved by the People’s Majlis Parliament Following the introduction of a new constitution in 2008 direct elections for the President take place every five years with a limit of two terms in office for any individual The current President is Mohamed Nasheed Members of the unicameral Majlis serve five-year terms with the total number of members determined by atoll populations At the 2009 election 77 members were elected Mosque in Hulhumalé Prior to 2008 Maldives did not have a constitution which guaranteed fundamental human rights For 30 years from 1978 until 2008 Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was president of the country During the later part of his rule independent political movements emerged in Maldives which challenged the then-ruling Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party Maldivian People’s Party and demanded democratic reform These movements brought about significant change in the political structure of the Maldives In 2008 a new constitution was approved and the first direct presidential elections occurred which were won by Mohamed Nasheed and Dr Mohammed Waheed Hassan as Vice-President in the second round The 2009 parliamentary election saw the Maldivian Democratic Party of President Nasheed receive the most votes with 3081 gaining 26 seats however the Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party with 2462 of the vote received the most seats Despite the passage from monarchy to republic the contemporary political structure shows a continuity with the feudal past in which power was shared among a few families at the top of the social structure In some islands the offices have remained within the same family for generations In the modern day the village is ruled by an administrative officer called Katību who serves as the executive headman of the island Above the Katībus of every atoll is the AtoỊuveriya Atoll Chief The power of these local chiefs is very limited and they take few responsibilities They are trained to report to the government about the situation in their islands and to merely wait for instructions from the central power and to follow them thoroughly Although islands are of considerably long distances from the governing capital administrative rights over the lawmaking body of a particular island is withheld to a minimum hence centralizing representatives from islands to a general parliament the People’s Majlis located in Male’ which houses members from all over the country Administrative divisions Each administrative atoll is marked along with the thaana letter used to identify the atoll Natural atolls are labelled in light blue Full view of the map The Maldives has 7 provinces each consisting of the following administrative divisions the capital Malé is its own administrative division: Mathi-Uthuru Province consists of Haa Alif Atoll Haa Dhaalu Atoll and Shaviyani Atoll Uthuru Province consists of Noonu Atoll Raa Atoll Baa Atoll and Lhaviyani Atoll Medhu-Uthuru Province consists of Kaafu Atoll Alifu Alifu Atoll Alifu Dhaalu Atoll and Vaavu Atoll Medu Province consists of Meemu Atoll Faafu Atoll and Dhaalu Atoll Medhu-Dhekunu Province consists of Thaa Atoll and Laamu Atoll Mathi-Dhekunu Province consists of Gaafu Alifu Atoll and Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll Dhekunu Province consists of Gnaviyani Atoll and Seenu Atoll These provinces correspond to the historic divisions of Uthuru Boduthiladhunmathi Dhekunu Boduthiladhunmathi Uthuru Medhu-Raajje Medhu-Raajje Dhekunu Medhu-Raajje Huvadhu or Uthuru Suvadinmathi and Addumulah or Dhekunu Suvadinmathi The Maldives has twenty-six natural atolls and few island groups on isolated reefs all of which have been divided into twenty-one administrative divisions twenty administrative atolls and Malé city In addition to a name every administrative division is identified by the Maldivian code letters such as Haa Alif for Thiladhunmati UthuruburiThiladhunmathi North and by a Latin code letter The first corresponds to the geographical Maldivian name of the atoll The second is a code adopted for convenience It began in order to facilitate radio communication between the atolls and the central administration As there are certain islands in different atolls that have the same name for administrative purposes this code is quoted before the name of the island for example: Baa Funadhoo Kaafu Funadhoo Gaafu-Alifu Funadhoo Since most Atolls have very long geographical names it is also used whenever the name of the atoll has to be quoted short for example in the atoll website names This code denomination has been very much abused by foreigners who didn’t understand the proper use of these names and have ignored the Maldivian true names in publications for tourists Maldivians may use the letter code name in colloquial conversation but in serious geographic historical or cultural writings the true geographical name always takes precedence The Latin code letter is normally used in boat registration plates The letter stands for the atoll and the number for the island Each atoll is administered by an Atoll Chief Atholhu Veriyaa appointed by the President The Ministry of Atoll Administration and its Northern and Southern Regional Offices Atoll Offices and Island Offices are collectively responsible to the President for Atolls Administration The administrative head of each island is the Island Chief Katheeb appointed by the President The Island Chief’s immediate superior is the Atoll Chief The introduction of code-letter names has been a source of much puzzlement and misunderstandings especially among foreigners Many people have come to think that the code-letter of the administrative atoll is its new name and that it has replaced its geographical name Under such circumstances it is hard to know which is the correct name to use Demographics Malé the capital of the Maldives As a multu-ethnic nation The Maldivian ethnic identity is a blend of the cultures reflecting the peoples who settled on the islands reinforced by religion and language The earliest settlers were probably from southern India and Sri Lanka They are linguistically and ethnically related to the people in the Indian subcontinent They are ethnically known as Dhivehis Some social stratification exists on the islands It is not rigid since rank is based on varied factors including occupation wealth Islamic virtue and family ties Traditionally instead of a complex caste system there was merely a distinction between noble bēfulhu and common people in the Maldives Members of the social elite are concentrated in Malé Outside the service industry this is the only location where the foreign and domestic populations are likely to interact The tourist resorts are not on islands where the natives live and casual contacts between the two groups are discouraged A census has been recorded since 1905 which shows that the population of the country remained around 100000 for the next sixty years Following independence in 1965 the health status of the population improved so much that the population doubled 200000 by 1978 and the population growth rate peaked at 34 in 1985 By 2007 the population had reached 300000 although the census in 2000 showed that the population growth rate had declined to 19 Life expectancy at birth stood at 46 years in 1978 while it has now risen to 72 years Infant mortality has declined from 127 per thousand in 1977 to 12 today and adult literacy stands at 99 Combined school enrollment stands in the high 90s As of April 2008 more than 70000 foreign employees live in the country and another 33000 legalized immigrants sums up more than one third of Maldivian population They consist mainly of people from the neighbouring South Asian countries of India Sri Lanka Bangladesh and Nepal Economy Maldives market In ancient times the Maldives were renowned for cowry shells coir rope dried tuna fish Maldive Fish ambergris Maavaharu and coco de mer Tavakkaashi Local and foreign trading ships used to load these products in Sri Lanka and transport them to other harbors in the Indian Ocean From the 2nd century AD the islands were known as the ‘Money Isles’ by the Arabs who dominated the Indian Ocean traderoutes — The Maldives provided enormous quantities of cowry shells an international currency of the early ages The cowry is now the symbol of the Maldives Monetary Authority The Maldivian government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector Subsequently it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment Real GDP growth averaged over 75 per year for more than a decade Today the Maldives’ largest industry is tourism accounting for 28 of GDP and more than 60 of the Maldives’ foreign exchange receipts Fishing is the second leading sector The Maldivian ecnomy is to a large degee based on tourism In late December 2004 the major tsunami left more than 100 dead 12000 displaced and property damage exceeding 400 million As a result of the tsunami the GDP contracted by about 36 in 2005 A rebound in tourism post-tsunami reconstruction and development of new resorts helped the economy recover quickly and showed an 18 increase on 2006 2007 estimates show the Maldives enjoy the highest GDP per capita 4600 2007 est amongst south Asian countries Tourism Filitheyo island beach with tall palm trees and blue lagoons The Maldives was largely terra incognita for tourists until the early 1970s Strewn across the equator in the Indian Ocean the Maldives archipelago possesses a truly unique geography as a small island country Nature has fragmented the archipelago into 1190 tiny islands that occupy a mere one per cent of its 90000 km 2 territory Only 185 islands are home to its 300000 population while the other islands are used entirely for economic purposes of which tourism and agriculture are the most dominant Tourism accounts for 28 of GDP and more than 60 of the Maldives’ foreign exchange receipts Over 90 of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes citation needed The development of tourism has fostered the overall growth of the country’s economy It has created direct and indirect employment and income generation opportunities in other related industries The first tourist resorts were opened in 1972 with Bandos island resort and Kurumba Village Maldivian beach video According to the Ministry of Tourism website the emergence of tourism in 1972 transformed the economy of the Maldives moving rapidly from the dependence on the fisheries sector to the tourism sector In just three and a half decades the industry has become the main source of income and livelihood of the people of the Maldives Tourism is also the country’s biggest foreign currency earner and the single largest contributor to the GDP Today there are 89 resorts in the Maldives with a bed capacity of over 17000 providing facilities for tourists whose annual arrival figure exceeds 600000 The number of resorts has increased from 2 to 92 between 1972 and 2007 As of 2007 over 8380000 tourists had visited Maldives Practically all visitors arrive at Malé International Airport located on Hulhulé Island which is next to the capital Malé The airport is served by a wide array of flights to India Sri Lanka Doha Dubai and major airports in South-East Asia as well as an increasing number of charters from Europe Many flights stop in Colombo Sri Lanka on the way Gan Airport on the southern atoll of Addu also serves an international flight to Milan several times a week Fishing industry A dhoni without lateen sails Maldives rudder fish Kyphosus cinerascens For many centuries the Maldivian economy was entirely dependent on fishing and other marine products Fishing remains the main occupation of the people and the government gives special priority to the development of the fisheries sector The mechanization of the traditional fishing boat called dhoni in 1974 was a major milestone in the development of the fisheries industry and the country’s economy in general A fish canning plant was installed in the island of Felivaru in 1977 as a joint venture with a Japanese firm In 1979 a Fisheries Advisory Board was set up with the mandate of advising the government on policy guidelines for the overall development of the fisheries sector Manpower development programs were begun in the early 1980s and fisheries education was incorporated into the school curriculum Fish aggregating devices and navigational aids were located at various strategic points Moreover the opening up of the Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ of the Maldives for fisheries has further enhanced the growth of the fisheries sector Today fisheries contribute over fifteen percent of the country’s GDP and engage about thirty percent of the country’s work force It is also the second-largest foreign exchange earner after tourism |
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Support for Refugees |
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High speed Dadaab network connects refugees to family support amp opportunities |
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Where Syrian refugees and immigrants live in Connecticut |
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Refugees International is a global independent advocacy organization that successfully challenges governments policymakers and administrations to improve the lives of displaced people around the world |
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Teaching About Refugees During the Holocaust: The Wagner-Rogers Bill |
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According to the United Nations there are over 16 million refugees worldwide |
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REFUGEE – Scholastic |
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Only 30000 refugees can seek shelter in the US-Trump Administration |
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Refugee to lead Holocaust Memorial Day |
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Gifts for Refugees: give the gift of a bike to a refugee! Starting from £20 for a refugee cycling safety kit |
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Videos Show the ‘Real Faces’ of America’s Refugees |
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Volunteering in a Refugee Camp in Samos Greece: Part 6 |
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ΛΟΑΤΚΙ ΠΡΟΣΦΥΓΕΣ – LGBTQI REFUGEES |
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Food/Clothing Drive for Syrian Refugees |
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Refugees face death camped out in bitter Lebanon winter |
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OSA’s Appeal Letter about Oromo Refugees in North Africa and the Middle East |
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Housing a Refugee |
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Former refugee’s story ‘almost stranger than fiction’ |
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Migrants amp Refugees |
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26112015 Information for Refugees |
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Afghan Hazara Refugees Seek Justice in Turkey |
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Not Just a Number: The Real Face of Refugees in the United States |
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Not Just Ticking a Box: Youth participation with young people from refugee and migrant backgrounds |
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There are places where being who you are is a punishable offense There are places where you might be sentenced to death because you chose to live These places have many names But the ones who flee have one Refugee |
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REFUGEES FROM A RENAISSANCE FAIR |
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REFUGEE WINTER BLANKET APPEAL!!! PLEASE SUPPORT!!!! |
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Are you a refugee in need of a bike You’ve come to the right place! |
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Global refugee amp migration crisis |
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Solar Lamps for Refugees |
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Movie Review : Ranjha Refugee Roshan Prince Punjabi Movie |
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Society of African Missions Shelter for Refugees |
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“Inland Refugee Society is a charity dedicated to providing refugee claimants with essential services in British Columbia” |
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Hundreds go through refugee experience at inaugural SA Step for Safety |
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The First American Climate Refugees and the Need for Proactive Relocation |
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More than a refugee Project English |
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Refugees Deeply |
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We support causes such as homelessness and poverty intergenerational understanding the plight of refugees and disadvantaged communities |
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Brazil Could Help Solve Europe’s Refugee Crisis – published on Bloomberg View |
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Media Coverage of Shati Refugee Camp Strike July 28 2014: A Survey |
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TU Berlin Campus El Gouna Scholarship Program for Syrian RefugeesInternational Scolarships |
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Syrian refugee children in Lebanon face challenges receiving education |
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Iraqi Refugees in North Aleppo Countryside: Interview |
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The Little Sun Impact: urgent relief for refugees in Niger |
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Divide and rule / The fake emergency of the Channel boat refugees |
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UNHCR to build schools in refugee camps in Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz regions |
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Asia Has a Looming Refugee Disaster |
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America To Increase Number of Refugees Admitted |
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Announcing the audiobook for Unauthorized Bread: a DRM-free tale of DRM-locked appliances refugees and resistance |
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Somali Refugees Beaten by ICE Speak Out |
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Refugee teenager Hennessy dreams of Europe after brutal 6000-mile odyssey |
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Yemen : Imprisoned Oromo-Ethiopian Refugees Thrown on Sana’a Streets |
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UN: 35000 Nigerian refugees in Cameroon safe |
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für und mit Refugees BPoC Migrantinnen bei KREATIVES SCHREIBEN für LGBTIQ mit Migrations- und Sommer 2018 // newsletter summer 2018 |
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PRESS RELEASE HIAS GREECE – GTSA: «Change of name gender registration and progressive interpretation of the adaptation of the surname of a refugee trans woman» |
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Have you missed Refugee Resettlement Watch |
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Safe Haven Holocaust Refugee Shelter Museum |
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IRC Presents: Refugee Health |
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How do refugees get to the US and what is LexRAP doing to help with their resettlement |
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Terrorized by ISIS Yazidi refugees find welcoming community in Nebraska |
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‘SYRIAN’ SCHOOLBOY refugee reported over claims he is a 30 YEAR OLD MAN! |
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Refugee Immigration Sanctuary Task Force Report |
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VIDEO – RefugeeOne Reunites: The Story of Charles Safari |
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Creamos cultura de BienvenidaGracias a Refugees Welcome decenas de personas refugiadas comparten ya piso con gente local facilitando el inicio de su nueva vidaAnímate a convivir con gente de otras culturas |
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Refugee Hub |
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Infographic Disasters amp Climate Change: Internally Displaced People and Refugees |
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refugee shelter |
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UNHCR is saddened by the death of 2 Cameroonian refugees in Adagom/Ogoja |
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Gambella TV News – June 20 2017 World Refugee Day |
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Smarter tech for smarter refugee education |
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DaVita Teammates Volunteer with Bridge of Life and the Syrian American Medical Society to Support Health Care Needs of Syrian Refugees in Jordan |
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Refugee support in Germany: a question of impact |
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2019 Fundraiser: improving foot care for refugees |
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Hundreds go through refugee experience at inaugural SA Step for Safety 4 hours ago |
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Chicago Tribune: US Refugee Cap Puts Hiring Practice At Risk |
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Most refugees seeking asylum in Canada |
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We sell second hand refurbished bikes – all proceeds get refugees cycling! |
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Venezuelan refugee relief in Colombia |
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Welcome refugees |
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We take second-hand bikes fix them up and donate them to refugees and asylum seekers Some of the bikes we receive are sold in our shop to help fund our work |
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Chicago Tribune: Refugees Agencies Under Siege |
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Refugee SIDP Camp |
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Libya: Migrants and refugees returned to overcrowded detention centres |
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Indonesia: Young Hazara Refugee Commits Suicide |
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Think Talk: Rethinking the Refugee Crisis |
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High Rents Are Making Madison A Harder Place For Refugees To Find A Home |
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Refugee Loses Facebook Defamation Case 2017 |
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The Health of Migrants Refugees and Displaced Persons and Children |
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Refugee Week |
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PAX ASSADI – Raised By Refugees |
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How the Refugee Immigration Ministry helps asylum seekers: An interview with Reverend Isaac Seelam |
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Tuberculosis in the Migrant and Refugee Population: Is Silence Deception |
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Refugee Education Program |
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Seven children are dead following a fire early Tuesday that swept through the Halifax home of a Syrian refugee family the deadliest house fire in recent Nova Scotia history Halifax police confirmed the deaths at the house on Quartz Drive in the community of Spryfield Ebraheim and Kawthar Barho arrived in Nova Scotia with their children in September 2017 and moved to Spryfield last summer neighbours and friends said The mosque the family attended identified the victims as: |
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The Refugee |
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Refugees for Refugees |
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ESOL Classes for Refugees English as a Second Language – Youth Room |
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Immigrant and Refugee Health: Breaking Barriers to Better Health Talk by Dr Maroof |
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Journeys Drawn: Illustration from the Refugee Crisis |
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‘Afghan refugees’ born in Pakistan are excluded from Pakistani citizenship |
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Over 145000 Rohingya refugee children return to school in Bangladesh |
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Today is Sunday Feb 24 the 55th day of 2019 There are 310 days left in the year Today’s Highlight in History: On Feb 24 1942 the SS Struma a charter ship attempting to carry nearly 800 Jewish refugees from Romania to British-mandated |
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Sudanese refugees protest over poor living conditions in Ghana |
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From Refugee to Say Yes To The Dress Wizard: How Mara Urshel Saved a Bridal Empire |
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Put refugee womenback to work |
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No language a barrier for these Filipino refugees in Sabah |
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The Global Refugee Compact: Considering Urban Refugees |
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Mozambican refugees back in Malawi |
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More than a refugee project Istanbul 12-19/04/2018 |
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Lindsey Lohan Syrian Refugee Activist Attempts to Separate Syrian Refugee Family in Moscow amp Gets Punched |
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Ugandan LGBTIQ Refugees living in Germany – FLIT AND FRIENDS We!R23 |
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Photograph of Refugees Arriving in Germany 2015 |
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Technology fosters human connections within the refugee crisis |
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Visit to the Urban Refugee Resource Center in Addis Abeba |
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Learning To Listen To The Real Refugees: An Exploration Into The Wider Message Behind Candice Breitz’s 2017 Biennale Showcase |
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Syrian Refugee Support |
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Immigration Equality Video Features LGBTQ Refugees Highlights Benefits of Asylum |
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Support to Refugees and Host Communities SRHC Cluster of GIZ in Turkey: Booklet |
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America Should Be Taking More Syrian Refugees |
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RAS – Refugee Aid Serbia |
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Australia: Federal Court decision on citizenship delays good news for refugees waiting years in limbo |
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Tibetan Refugee 2004 |
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Home new Home continues giving voice to Refugees |
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Inquest to delay in treatment of Nauru refugee |
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Refugee – Scene 02 – Lior Hod amp Ron Negba |
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THE NEW FRONT OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE BALKANS |
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وقالت المؤسسة الكندية التي أطلقت الحملة عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي “نحن بحاجة إلى دعمهم في مواجهة كارثتهم ومساعدتهم في العثور على مأوى جديد ودفع النفقات المتوقعة” وأضافت أن تنظيم الحملة ومراقبتها يتم من قبل أصدقاء العائلة، بما في ذلك مجلس الإمام في هاليفاكس وبالتعاون مع فريق “Hants East Assisting Refugees” وأوضحت أن “الأموال لا علاقة لها بالدفن أو أي تكاليف أخرى، بل سيتم منح جميع الأموال التي تم جمعها إلى الأسرة بعد ذلك” ونقلت وكالة “رويترز” عن ناتالي هورن نائبة رئيس المؤسسة قولها، إن أفراد العائلة كانوا “يتسمون بالمرح الشديد والابتسامة الدائمة والشعور بالامتنان والحب” وأضافت أن الأب يرقد بالمستشفى ويعاني من إصابات تهدد حياته بينما لم تصب الأم لكنها “تمر بحالة من الحزن الغامر” |
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The Syrian Refugees of Gaza |
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Refugee Populations |
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Erasmus Staff Mobility Training Course: Refugees and Immigrants: Social Inclusion to EU |
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How to help refugees rebuild their world |
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People gather for funeral of seven Syrian refugee children killed in Halifax fire |
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KKE on Immigration and Refugees |
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The ‘Boxing Sisters’ of Rwanga refugee camp |
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Refugee Community Kitchen |
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A letter to all early educators working with Central American refugee children |
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Flooding of Refugee Camp in Lebenon |
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Over 500 Myanmar Refugees Return Home from Thailand |
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661: Visuality Race and Childhood in the Golden Age of American Print Graphic Narratives of Disability as Multisensory Graphic Medicine’s Textual Aesthetics Politics and the Postcolonial Graphic Material Culture Labor and Childhood Refugees and Diaspora in Children’s Literature ChLAQ |
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Jewish Refugees Memorial Hall |
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«More than a refugee» Project – Material and resources |
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Neue Verhaftungen – Kriminalisierung der Ellwangener Refugees geht weiter! Nächstes Verfahren am 14 März 2019 |
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Most refugee claimants |
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PM Rugunda launches Health Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan |
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Integrated Refugee and Immigrant Services |
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Elmo and Pals Lead Training Attempt for Refugee Children |
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refugee equipment |
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The Staggering Scale of Germany’s Refugee Project |
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MI Americas team on the impact of health brigade for Venezuelan refugees |
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Afghan Refugees Face Challenges in Iran and Pakistan |
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Refugees welcome at offers |
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ISIS women in refugee camps claim Jihadi brides are giving false names and hiding their identities |
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If there’s money there’s a visa: Greek officials seeking investors amongst Syrian refugees |
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Manus refugees still in limbo |
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Facebook usage may fuel anti-refugee violence in Germany |
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