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Target Audience Obsession: Digital manipulation versus authentic social inspiration – from Russia with love |
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Legal services in main Russian towns |
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1 Russian Import Data |
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Bloomberg: Turkey and Russia near breaking point in Syria military standoff |
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Scandinavia with Russia Tour Package |
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Второй этап соревнования WorldSkills Russia по компетенции «Преподавание в младших классах» день С2 |
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La serialización que viene: Russia Crypto Code |
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Russian Holiday Delight 21-2806 |
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Project TLP Ogden translation / Data visualization graphs / English German Multilingual Tractatus Network German English Russian Spanish French Italian / Data visualization University of Iowa Tractatus MapBoth the Tractatus and the Prototractatus presented in the style of a subway map / German and English Wittgensteiniana interactive visualizations of the Tractatus English and German versions available vte Ludwig Wittgenstein Family Margaret WittgensteinPaul WittgensteinWorks associated with Paul Wittgenstein Early work Picture theory of languageTruth tables Later work Language-gamePrivate language argumentFamily of lifeWittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics Publications Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus”Some Remarks on Logical Form”Blue and Brown BooksPhilosophical RemarksPhilosophical InvestigationsOn CertaintyCulture and ValueRemarks on Frazer’s Golden BoughRemarks on the Foundations of MathematicsZettelRemarks on ColourLectures and Conversations on Aesthetics Psychology and Religious Belief Movements Analytic philosophyLinguistic turnIdeal language philosophyLogical atomismLogical positivismOrdinary language philosophyWittgensteinian fideismQuietism Friends G E M AnscombeR B BraithwaiteRudolf CarnapPaul EngelmannJohn Maynard KeynesPeter GeachNorman MalcolmG E MooreDavid PinsentFrank P RamseyRush RheesBertrand RussellMoritz SchlickFrancis SkinnerPiero SraffaVienna CircleFriedrich WaismannPeter WinchG H von Wright Biographers David EdmondsRay MonkWilliam Warren Bartley Secondary sources A J AyerGordon BakerJames F ConantAlice CraryCora DiamondTerry EagletonPeter HackerSaul KripkeAnthony KennyWarren GoldfarbStanley CavellD Z PhillipsColin McGinnJaakko HintikkaOswald HanflingA C GraylingRupert ReadBarry StroudStephen ToulminCrispin WrightFergus Kerr Miscellaneous Cambridge ApostlesCambridge University Moral Sciences ClubHaidbauer incidentHaus WittgensteinFritz Mauthner Film Wittgenstein film vte Philosophy of language vte Computable knowledge Authority control Edit this at Wikidata BNF: cb11941986z dataGND: 4138213-4LCCN: n95010455VIAF: 178714222WorldCat Identities via VIAF: 178714222 Categories: 1921 non-fiction booksAnalytic philosophy literatureBooks by Ludwig WittgensteinCognitive science literatureContemporary philosophyLogic booksPhilosophical logicPhilosophy booksPhilosophy of language literaturePrison writings Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Download as PDF Printable version |
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More Than a Decade After Military Reform Hazing Still Plagues the Russian Army |
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Russian Cupid |
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Trey Gowdy Doesn’t Believe That Russia Would Help Trump Against Bernie Sanders |
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360 Degree View of Russian Market |
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The Full Story of Trump’s Russia Ties Will Come Out—But It’ll Take Time |
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Russian for business |
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Independent Russian Delhi Escorts takes care of the clients |
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Welcome to Russian Women Discussion! |
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Russia 6N/7D |
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Video of Russian Spy Allegedly Bribing Serbian Agent Sparks Probe |
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Рекомендую! Recommend! in Russian |
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Cheap Calls to Russia |
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Congress briefed that Russia is helping Trump get elected Trump mad that this was told |
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Kazakh Russian Medical University |
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RUSSIAN TV CHANNELS IPTV PLAYLIST 13092017 |
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Amina Dagi – Stunning Russian-Austrian model |
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Russia VPS 2 |
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Результаты отборочных соревнований по стандартам WorldSkill Russia |
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SA Russia hold trade co-operation talks |
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Lay report: Russian Tourist Student – Long lead |
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Russian military intelligence ‘was behind’ October cyberattack in Georgia |
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Russia Probe |
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Epic Con Russia 2019 |
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Russia Carries Out First Space Launch From Plesetsk Cosmodro |
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RUSSIAN amp CIS METALS amp MINING SUMMIT |
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Caprice Land facility – Kurgan Russia |
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Roger Stone’s conviction is the last hope to save RussiaGate |
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Someone just viewed: Fwd: Someone just viewed: Fwd: Someone just viewed: Fwd: Someone just viewed: if you have an emergency call me or ajay on mobileAjay’s family is coming to Israel for medical treatment If this is about property management visit this link – it has all the answers and solutions you need I am a Russian Jew but also Israeli we try to be good hosts even we are not as polite as Hindus I have been involved with Obama and Clinton but also with Netanyahu please use simple words Use word wisely JB is an Indian Jew he helped me a lot but now we have our familyas a priority I cant write too much and I don’t understand complexity Be Simple and use simple words and ACTION oriented words Please avoid words that are subjective and depend on person to person Mila can do accounting I will manage the reminders rent and repairs as part of Property management function we all are going through VER Y DIFICULT TIMES AND WE DONT BELIEVE HAPPY SHINY PEOEPSLS |
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Khalilzad’s family deal caused cancellation of talks says Russian report |
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Learn Russian for business and career with us! |
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Understanding Russians: Contexts of Intercultural Communication |
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– Italian Carniolan amp Russian Bee Packages – |
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Estonian foreign intelligence: we’re particularly threatened by Russia |
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Baltic Backpacking Route Estonia Latvia Lithuania Finland amp Russia |
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The 12 Apostles of Russian Law |
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GRU won’t believe it: UK and US call out Russia for cyber-attacks on Georgia last year |
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Market feasibility study on the cement and aggregates market in Russia |
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Cute Russian girl Julia is not happy in her bottomless outfit : |
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PREQVECA приглашает принять участие в голосовании по номинациям Russia VC Awards Голосование проводится в следующих номинациях: Лучшая команда VC на российском рынке Cделка года Лучшая юридическая фирма и Лучшая консалтинговая компания Форум венчурных инвесторов Москва Кортъярд Марриотт Москва Центр Организатор: PREQVECA |
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Michael Flynn Wants Russia Probe ‘Immunity’ |
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Russiagate returns: MSM amp Resistance ecstatically exploit evidence-free NYT claim Moscow ‘helping Trump in 2020’ |
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Louis Carrier-Belleuse 1848-1913 was a French painter and sculptor He was son and pupil of Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse He designed the patterns of the Faïencerie earthenware factory from Choisy-le-Roi where he was artistic director He was also the sculptor of the Equestrian monument to General Manuel Belgrano  Louis Gallait 9 or 10 May 1810 – 20 November 1887 was a Belgian painter His d his reputation especially with the large painting of Charles V’s abdication Gallait’s works were considered as the basis for a desirable renewal of historical paintings because of the realism costume faithfulness and colorful posture of his paintings His last artwork was sent on tour in Germany and that led to new signals even among German historians He was also a distinguished portrait painter Gallait died in Brussels in 1887 There is a painting by Louis Gallait at the Norton Art Museum in West Palm Beach Florida “Art and Liberty”  Louis Nicolas van Blarenberghe painted The Battle of Fontenoy in  Louis-Francois Baron Lejeune 3 February 1775 Strasbourg – 29 February 1848 was a French general painter and lithographer His memoirs have frequently been republished and his name is engraved on the Arc de Triomphe He studied painting in the studio of Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes alongside Jean-Victor Bertin but left the studio to volunteer in the Compagnie des arts de Paris in 1792 He received his baptism of fire in the battle of Valmy later that year He became a sergeant in the 1st Arsenal battalion and in 1793 moved to the artillery at La Fere assisting in the sieges of Landrecies Le Quesnoy and Valenciennes At Valenciennes he became aide-de-camp to general Jacob then as a lieutenant on attachment to the engineers took part in the 1794 Holland campaign and the 1795 campaign Called to the depot in 1798 he succeeded brilliantly in his exams and was made a captain on attachment to the engineers He became aide-de-camp to marshal Berthier in 1800 a post he retained until 1812 and in which he took an active part in practically all of the Napoleonic campaigns He was wounded and captured in Spain He was promoted to full captain after Marengo and chef de bataillon after Austerlitz also become a knight of the Legion d’honneur and a colonel at the Siege of Saragossa The German campaign of 1806 brought him to Munich where he visited the workshop of Alois Senefelder the inventor of lithography Lejeune was fascinated by the possibilities of the new method and whilst there he made the drawing on stone of his famous Cossack printed by C and f Senefelder 1806 Whilst he was taking his dinner and with his horses harnessed and waiting to take him back to Paris one hundred proofs were printed one of which he subsequently submitted to Napoleon The introduction of lithography into France was greatly due to the efforts of Lejeune In 1812 during the French invasion of Russia he was made general de brigade and chief of staff to Davout Frostbitten on the face Lejeune left his post during the retreat from Russia and was arrested on the orders of Napoleon Freed in March 1813 Lejeune was then sent to the Illyrian provinces before rejoining the army under the orders of marshal Oudinot becoming his chief of staff During the Saxony campaign Lejeune was present at the Battle of Lutzen 1813 the crossing of the River Spree and at Bautzen He was made an officer of the Legion d’honneur and a commander of the Order of Maximilian of Bavaria At the battle of Hoyersverda when Below’s corps wiped out the 12th corps formed up in square on the plain Lejeune at risk of being kidnapped ventured into the enemy lines with one battalion general Wolf’s cavalry and six 12 pounder guns He thus broke the whole of the Prussian artillery and saved marshal Oudinot and his army Wounded several times and lastly at Hanau he was authorised to leave the army in November 1813 after more than 20 years’ service After his departure from the army he devoted himself to painting  Louis-Leopold Boilly French Painter 1761-1845  Louis-Marin Bonnet French 1736 – 1793 French engraver and publisher He came from a family of artisans and owed his training in engraving to his brother-in-law the engraver Louis Legrand 1723-1808 Through Legrand Bonnet became the pupil of Jean-Charles Francois in 1756 a year before the latter discovered the CRAYON MANNER technique of engraving designed to reproduce the effect of a coloured-chalk drawing Around the end of 1757 Bonnet used the new technique to engrave a Cupid after Francois Eisen Gilles Demarteau a rival of Jean-Charles Francois  Louise-Catherine Breslau 6 December 1856 – 12 May 1927 was a German/Swiss artist Born Maria Luise Katharina Breslau in Munich Germany she spent her childhood in Zurich Switzerland and as an adult made Paris France her home Suffering from asthma all her life Breslau turned to drawing as a child to help pass the time while confined to her bed Although she became one of the most sought after portraitists of her time after her death she and her work were all but forgotten It has only been in the past few years that interest in Breslau and her works has been growing Breslau was born into a prosperous bourgeois family her father was a well-respected physician specializing in obstetrics and gynecology When Breslau was two years old her father accepted the position of professor and head physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Zurich Switzerland became home to the Breslau family  Lubin Baugin 1610-1663 French Lubin Baugin Gallery French painter He became a master in the painters guild of Saint-Germain-des-Pras in 1629 From c 1636 he was in Italy but he is known to have been in Paris again in 1641 in 1645 he became a member of the Acadmie de St Luc and in 1651 he was also a member of the Acadmie Royale after the temporary amalgamation of the two institutions Like many of his generation he was deeply influenced by the art of the Fontainebleau school  Lucius O Brien Canadian Painter 1832-1899  Ludolf Backhuysen bDec 18 1631 Emden East Frisia Germany dNov 17 1708 Amsterdam Neth Dutch Ludolf Backhuysen Gallery  Ludolf Bakhuizen December 28 1630 – November 17 1708 was a German-born Dutch Golden Age painter who was the leading Dutch painter of maritime subjects after the two Willem van de Veldes father and son left for England in 1672 He was born in Emden East Frisia and came to Amsterdam in about 1650 working as a merchant’s clerk and a calligrapher He discovered so strong a genius for painting that he relinquished the business and devoted himself to art from the late 1650s initially in pen drawings He studied first under Allart van Everdingen and then under Hendrik Dubbels two eminent masters of the time and soon became celebrated for his sea-pieces which often had rough seas He was an ardent student of nature and frequently exposed himself on the sea in an open boat in order to study the effects of storms His compositions which are numerous are nearly all variations of one subject the sea and in a style peculiarly his own marked by intense realism or faithful imitation of nature In his later years Bakhuizen employed his skills in etching he also painted a few examples each of several other genres of painting such as portraits landscapes and genre paintings  Ludomir Benedyktowicz August 5 1844 – December 14 1926 was a Polish painter  Ludovic Bassarab painted Nomads in 1868-1933  ludwig van beethoven Born: December 1770 Birthplace: Bonn Germany Died: 26 March 1827 cirrhosis of the liver plus dropsy Best Known As: The composer of Beethoven’s Fifth  LUINI Bernardino Italian High Renaissance Painter ca1480-1532 Italian painter and draughtsman He was one of the generation of Lombard painters active around 1500 who influenced by Leonardo and Raphael blended High Renaissance innovations with indigenous Milanese elements to create a Lombard Renaissance style Luini’s paintings were extremely popular with both collectors and critics from c 1790 to the end of the 19th century This widespread popularity however had unfortunate consequences: many of his frescoes were detached from their original settings many of the panel paintings were transferred to canvas and other works were heavily restored As a result few survive in a good state About 700 works are attributed to Luini but many of these attributions are over optimistic  magdalene margrethe barens Magdalene Margrethe Bärens född 1737 död 1808 var en dansk konstnär hon blev den första kvinnliga konstnären i Danmark som valdes in i den danska konstakademin år 1780 Hon var en av de få kvinnliga konstnärerna kända i Skandinavien före 1800-talet tillsammans med Ulrika Pasch i Sverige och Helena Arnell i Finland I Danmark var även Johanne Marie Fosie känd under samma tid  MALLET Jean-Baptiste French Painter 1759-1835French painter A pupil of Simon Julien in Toulon he was then taught by Pierre-Paul Prud’hon in Paris He exhibited at every Salon between 1793 and 1827 obtaining a second class medal in 1812 and a first class medal in 1817 He executed very few portraits Chenier Carcassonne Mus B-A is an exception preferring to paint nymphs bathing and graceful classical nudes such as the Graces Playing with Cupid Arras Abbaye St Vaast Mus B-A He established his reputation with gouache genre scenes of fashionable and often libertine subjects always elegant and refined in the style of Louis-Philibert Debucourt and Louis-Leopold Boilly and remarkable for the delicacy and brilliance of their brushwork: for example At the Laundry Maid’s and the Painful Letter both Paris Mus Cognacq-Jay They reveal a knowledge of 17th-century Dutch painting in the treatment of details transparent crystal reflections on silk or satin as well as the choice of themes: Military Gallant Paris Mus Cognacq-Jay Mallet’s meticulously precise paintings are one of the best records of fashionable French furnishings and interiors at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th  MANFREDI Bartolomeo Italian Baroque Era Painter 1582-1622 Italian painter In the 17th century he was known throughout Italy and beyond as Caravaggio’s closest follower and his works were highly prized and widely collected More than simply aping Caravaggio’s style Manfredi reinterpreted his subjects and rendered new ones drawing upon Caravaggio’s naturalism and dramatic use of chiaroscuro His paintings were often praised by his contemporaries as equal to Caravaggio’s and he was subsequently emulated and imitated by other Roman Caravaggisti during the 1610s and 1620s Yet by the 18th century his works were forgotten or confused with those of Caravaggio himself  Manuel Barron Y Carrillo Spanish 1814-1884  Manuel Cabral Y Aguado Bejarano Spanish 1827-1891  Marcello Bacciarelli 16 February 1731 – 5 January 1818 was an Italian painter of the late-baroque and Neoclassic periods He studied in Rome under Marco Benefial In 1750 he was called to Dresden Saxony where he was employed by Elected King Augustus III of Poland after whose death he went to Vienna and thence to Warsaw There he met and worked by the side of Italian painter in Dresden Vienna and Warszawa Bernardo Bellotto He was the Director there of the new set up Academy of Arts of WarsawHe painted a set of the Polish kings from Boleslaus Chrobry downwards That of Stanislaus II Stanisław August Poniatowski has been engraved by A de Marcenay de Ghuy Kestner and A Fogg Bacciarelli also painted scenes from the History of Poland He died at Warsaw A number of his paintings were painted for King Stanisław August Poniatowski of Poland and are in the Royal Castle in Warsaw  Marie Bashkirtseff Russian: November 11 1858 October 31 1884 was a Ukrainian-born Russian diarist painter and sculptor Marie BashkirtseffBorn Maria Konstantinovna Bashkirtseva in Gavrontsy near Poltava to a wealthy noble family she grew up abroad traveling with her mother across most of Europe Educated privately she studied painting in France at the Acadmie Julian one of the few establishments that accepted female students The Acadmie attracted young women from all over Europe and the United States One fellow student was Louise Breslau who Marie viewed as her only rival Marie would go on to produce a remarkable body of work in her short lifetime the most famous being the portrait of Paris slum children titled The Meeting and In the Studio shown here a portrait of her fellow artists at work Unfortunately a large number of Bashkirtseff’s works were destroyed by the Nazis during World War II From the age of 13 she began keeping a journal and it is for this she is most famous Her personal account of the struggles of women artists is documented in her published journals which are a revealing story of the bourgeoisie Titled I Am the Most Interesting Book of All her popular diary is still in print today The diary was cited by an American contemporary Mary MacLane whose own shockingly confessional diary drew inspiration from Bashkirtseff’s Her letters consisting of her correspondence with the writer Guy de Maupassant were published in 1891 The grave of Marie BashkirtseffDying of tuberculosis at the age of 25 Bashkirtseff lived just long enough to become an intellectual powerhouse in Paris in the 1880s A feminist in 1881 using the nom de plume “Pauline Orrel” she wrote several articles for Hubertine Auclert’s feminist newspaper La Citoyenne One of her famous quotes is: Let us love dogs let us love only dogs! Men and cats are unworthy creatures  Marie Bracquemond French Impressionist Painter 1840-1916 was a French Impressionist artist described by Gustave Geffroy in 1894 as one of the “le trois grandes dames” of Impressionism alongside Berthe Morisot and Mary CassattHowever her often omission from books on women artists indicate the success of her husband Flix Bracquemond in his campaign to thwart her development as an artist  Marie-Guillemine Benoist Paris 1768-1826 was a French neoclassical historical and genre painter She was born in Paris the daughter of a civil servant Her training as an artist began in 1781 under Élisabeth Vigee Le Brun and she entered Jacques-Louis David’s atelier in 1786 along with her sister Marie-Élisabeth Laville-Leroux The poet Charles-Albert Demoustier who met her in 1784 was inspired by her in creating the character Émile in his work Lettres Émilie sur la mythologie 1801 In 1791 she exhibited for the first time in the Salon de Paris displaying her mythology-inspired picture Psych faisant ses adieux sa famille Another of her paintings of this period L’Innocence entre la vertu et le vice is similarly mythological and reveals her feminist interests in this picture vice is represented by a man although it was traditionally represented by a woman In 1793 she married the lawyer Pierre-Vincent Benoist Her work reflecting the influence of Jacques-Louis David tended increasingly toward history painting by 1795 In 1800 she exhibited Portrait d’une negresse in the Salon Six years previously slavery had been abolished and this image became a symbol for women’s emancipation and black people’s rights This picture was acquired by Louis XVIII for France in 1818 An important commission for a full-length portrait of Napol on Bonaparte Premier Consul Français in this period was awarded to her in 1803 This portrait was to be sent to the city of Ghent newly ceded to France by the Treaty of Luneville in 1801 Other honors came to her she was awarded a Gold Medal in the Salon of 1804 and received a governmental allowance During this time she opened an atelier for the artistic training of women Her career was harmed by political developments however when her husband the convinced royalist count Benoist was nominated in the Conseil d’État during the post-1814 monarchy come-back called the Bourbon Restoration  Mariia Konstantinovna Bashkirtseva impression artist F: J 1858 Nov 12 wrongly 1860 Nov 23 – 1884 Oct 31  Mario Villares Barbosa painted Nu feminino in 1880 – 1917  Mary Beale English Baroque Era Painter 1633-1699 was an English portrait painter She became one of the most important portrait painters of 17th century England and has been described as the first professional female English painter Beale was born in Barrow Suffolk the daughter of John Cradock a Puritan rector Her mother Dorothy died when she was 10 She married Charles Beale a cloth merchant from London in 1652 at the age of 18 Her father and her husband were both amateur painters her father being a member of the Painter-Stainers’ Company and she was acquainted with local local artists such as Nathaniel Thach Matthew Snelling Robert Walker and Peter Lely She became a semi-professional portrait painter in the 1650s and 1660s working from her home first in Covent Garden and later in Fleet Street The family moved to a farmhouse in Allbrook Hampshire in 1665 due to financial difficulties her husband having lost his position as a clerk of patents and also due to the Great Plague in London For the next five years a 17th-century two storey timber-framed building was her family home and studio She returned to London in 1670 where she established a studio in Pall Mall with her husband working as her assistant mixing her paints and keeping her accounts She became successful and her circle of friends included Thomas Flatman poet Samuel Woodford Archbishop of Canterbury John Tillotson and Bishops Edward Stillingfleet and Gilbert Burnet She became reacquainted with Peter Lely now Court Artist to Charles II Her later work is heavily influenced by Lely being mainly small portraits or copies of Lely’s work Her work became unfashionable after his death in 1680  Maso di Banco Italian Early Renaissance Painter active 1320-1350  MASTER Bertram German painter b cca 1345 Minden d 1415 Hamburg was a German International Gothic painter primarily of religious art His most famous surviving work is the large Grabow Altarpiece or Petri-Altar in the Kunsthalle Hamburg the largest and most important North German painting of the period There is a 45-scene altarpiece of the Apocalypse probably by his workshop in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London He or his workshop also produced sculpture presumably in wood in fact in his first years in Hamburg most surviving documentation relates to sculpture including chandeliers He is first recorded in Hamburg in 1367 and lived there for the rest of his life becoming a citizen and Master in 1376 and achieving considerable prosperity In 1390 he made a will in advance of an intended pilgrimage to Rome but if he made the journey it had no detectable influence on his art He was married but his wife had died by his second will in 1410 when he had a surviving daughter His style is less emotional than that of his Hamburg near-contemporary Master Francke but has great charm Bertram was largely forgotten after the Renaissance until the end of the 19th century  MASTER of Budapest Spanish painter active c 1500 in Castile  MASTER of San Francesco Bardi active 1240-1270 in Florence  master of st bartholomew active in Cologne ca 1480/1510  MASTER of the Duke of Bedford French Early Renaissance Miniaturist active 1405-1435  Master of the Life of Saint John the Baptist Italian Byzantine Style Painter 14th Century  MASTER of the St Bartholomew Altar German painter active 1470-1510 in Cologne  Mather Brown American Painter 1761-1831 was a portrait and historical painter born in Boston Massachusetts but active in England Brown was the son of Gawen and Elizabeth Byles Brown and descended from the Rev Increase Mather on his mother’s side He was taught by his aunt and around 1773 age 12 became a pupil of Gilbert Stuart He arrived in London in 1781 to further his training in Benjamin West’s studio entered the Royal Academy schools in 1782 with plans to be a miniature painter and began to exhibit a year later In 1784 he painted two religious paintings for the church of St Marys-in-the-Strand which led Brown to found a partnership with the painter Daniel Orme for the commercialization of these and other works through exhibition and the sale of engravings Among these were large paintings of scenes from English history as well as scenes from Shakespeare’s plays However despite their success he began to concentrate on portraiture His first successes were with American sitters among others his patron John Adams and family in 1784C85 this painting is now in the Boston Athenaeum In 1785C86 he painted the first portrait of Thomas Jefferson who was visiting London He also painted Sir William Pepperrell His 1788 full-length portrait of Prince Frederick Augustus in the uniform of Colonel of the Coldstream Guards led to appointment as History and Portrait Painter to the Prince later the Duke of York and Albany Other paintings include the Prince of Wales later George IV about 1789 Queen Charlotte and Cornwallis A self-portrait now belongs to the American Antiquarian Society Worcester Massachusetts A falling off of patronage in the mid-1790s and failure to be elected to the Royal Academy led Brown to leave London in 1808 for Bath Bristol and Liverpool  Matilda Browne 1869-1947  Mattheus Ignatius van Bree was a Belgian painter sculptor and architect He was born at Antwerp in 1773 was instructed by Regemorter he afterwards went to Paris and after having obtained by a ‘Cato in Utica’ the second prize for Rome he went to that city in 1797e returning to his native country in 18041 He painted numerous historical pictures some of which are of large dimensions and obtained a high reputation in Flanders His conceptions are frequently poetical and his compositions graceful delineated with a light free and spirited pencil but his colouring is rather too florid in some instances He was first professor at the Academy of Fine Arts at Antwerp and in 1827 its director Member of several other scientific institutions like the academies of Amsterdam Rome Munich and New York Among his most important works are ‘The Patriotism of the Burgomaster Van der Werft’ in the Town-Hall at Leyden and ‘The Death of Rubens’ in the Museum at Antwerp He brought forward some of the most eminent of the later Flemish painters among whom are Wappers De Keyser F de Braekeleer and others of whom their country is justly proud Van Bree died at Antwerp in 1839  Maurice Braun 1877-1941 Maurice Braun 1877-1941 was an American artist who became known for wonderful Impressionist landscapes of southern California He was born in Hungary on October 1 1877 however by the age of four young Maurice and the Braun family had migrated to the United States and settled in New York City His professional studies took him to the National Academy of Fine Arts where he studied the French tradition under Francis C Jones George W Maynard and Edgar M Ward In 1901 Braun trained under the famous American painter William Merritt Chase 1849-1916 He established himself as a figure and portrait painter in New York City but in 1909 he left for California where he was inspired and reveled in the new colors forms light and atmosphere of the region — his paintings reflect a deep respect and appreciation for nature Maurice Braun died in San Diego California on November 7 1941  Maurice Brazil Prendergast October 10 1858 – February 1 1924 was a US Post-Impressionist artist who worked in oil watercolor and monotype Technically he was a member of The Eight but the delicacy of his compositions and mosaic-like beauty of his designs had little in common with the philosophy of the group Prendergast was born in St John’s a city in Newfoundland Canada With the failure of his father’s subarctic trading post the family moved to Boston  Max Beckmann 1884-1950 was a German painter draftsman printmaker sculptor and writer Although he is usually classified as an Expressionist artist he rejected both the term and the movement In the 1920s he was associated with the New Objectivity Neue Sachlichkeit an outgrowth of Expressionism that opposed its introverted emotionalism He was born into a middle-class family in Leipzig Saxony From his youth he pitted himself against the old masters His traumatic experiences of World War I in which he served as a medic coincided with a dramatic transformation of his style from academically correct depictions to a distortion of both figure and space reflecting his altered vision of himself and humanityHe is known for the self-portraits he painted throughout his life their number and intensity rivalled only by Rembrandt and Picasso Well-read in philosophy and literature he also contemplated mysticism and theosophy in search of the “Self” As a true painter-thinker he strove to find the hidden spiritual dimension in his subjects Beckmann’s 1948 “Letters to a Woman Painter” provides a statement of his approach to art In the Weimar Republic of the Twenties Beckmann enjoyed great success and official honors In 1927 he received the Honorary Empire Prize for German Art and the Gold Medal of the City of Dsseldorf the National Gallery in Berlin acquired his painting The Bark and in 1928 purchased his Self-Portrait in TuxedoIn 1925 he was selected to teach a master class at the Städelschule Academy of Fine Art in Frankfurt Some of his most famous students included Theo Garve Leo Maillet and Marie-Louise Von Motesiczky His fortunes changed with the rise to power of Adolf Hitler whose dislike of Modern Art quickly led to its suppression by the state In 1933 the Nazi government bizarrely called Beckmann a “cultural Bolshevik”and dismissed him from his teaching position at the Art School in Frankfurt In 1937 more than 500 of his works were confiscated from German museums and several of these works were put on display in the notorious Degenerate Art exhibition in MunichFor ten years Beckmann lived in poverty in self-imposed exile in Amsterdam failing in his desperate attempts to obtain a visa for the US In 1944 the Germans attempted to draft him into the army despite the fact that the sixty-year-old artist had suffered a heart attack The works completed in his Amsterdam studio were even more powerful and intense than the ones of his master years in Frankfurt and included several large triptychs which stand as a summation of Beckmann’s art After the war Beckmann moved to the United States and during the last three years of his life he taught at the art schools of Washington University in St Louis with the German-American painter and printmaker Werner Drewes and the Brooklyn Museum He suffered from angina pectoris and died after Christmas 1950 struck down by a heart attack in ManhattanMany of his late paintings are now displayed in American museums  Max Buri 1868-1915Swiss painter While still at school he was given drawing lessons by Paul Volmar 1832-1906 in Berne From 1883 he was a pupil of Fritz Schider 1846-1907 in Basle where he became acquainted with the works of Hans Holbein the younger and Arnold Bcklin In 1886 he went to the Akademie der Bildenden Knste in Munich transferring in 1887 to Simon Hollsy painting school After seeing the works of the French Impressionists exhibited in Munich he moved to the Acadmie Julian in Paris in 1889 He made several journeys to Algeria Holland Belgium and England and in 1893 he returned to Munich to study under Albert von Keller In 1898 he settled in Switzerland living first at Lucerne then from 1903 in Brienz near Interlaken About 1900 influenced by the paintings of Ferdinand Hodler Buri moved on from his early genre pictures which were in mawkish shades of pink in the style of Keller and Hllosy to achieve an individual style that brought him great popularity He established his reputation with Village Politicians 1904 Basle Kstmus He painted mainly the landscape and people of the Bernese Oberland often depicting single figures and groups in front of bare indoor walls in realistic everyday scenes The expressiveness of the compositions is achieved by clear contours and powerful clearly differentiated surfaces in local colours Buri works are essentially populist rather than intellectual and avoid Hodler strict parallelism and Symbolist content  MEI Bernardino Italian painter Roman school b 1612 Siena d 1676 Roma Italian painter draughtsman and printmaker His early art drew on a variety of sources which included the naturalism of Rutilio Manetti and Francesco Rustici the descriptive realism of the engraver Giuliano Periccioli d 1646 and the Baroque of Raffaelle Vanni Mei’s interests even embraced 16th-century Sienese art This stylistic variety is evident in his first known works such as a bier Casole d’Elsa Collegiata three signed miniatures in the Libro dei leoni 1634 Siena Pal Piccolomini Archv Stato and frescoes of scenes from the Life of St Bernard 1639 Siena oratory of S Bernardino His experimental approach is also displayed in such works as the Annunciation Siena Mus Semin Montarioso which may be dated between the mid-1630s and the early 1640s Mei’s early maturity is marked by a conscious return to the naturalism of Manetti enriched with a Baroque pathos and soft fluid brushwork as in the St Peter in Prison Awoken by the Angel and St Peter Freed by the Angel both Siena Conservatori Femminili Riuniti His interest in both naturalism and the Baroque made him responsive to the art of Mattia Preti possibly seen in Rome as in the Beheading of St John the Baptist 1647 Siena oratory of S Giovannino in Pantaneto and the frescoes of scenes from the Life of St Roch and Life of St Job 1648 Siena S Rocco  Michel Bouquet born 6 November 1925 is a French film actor He has appeared in over 90 films since 1947 He was born in Paris France  Michelangelo Buonarroti b Caprese 1475 d Rome 1564 Born: March 6 1475 Caprese Italy Died: February 18 1564 Rome Italy Italian artist Michelangelo was one of the greatest sculptors of the Italian Renaissance and one of its greatest painters and architects Early life Michelangelo Buonarroti was born on March 6 1475 in Caprese Italy a village where his father Lodovico Buonarroti was briefly serving as a Florentine government agent The family moved back to Florence before Michelangelo was one month old Michelangelo’s mother died when he was six From his childhood Michelangelo was drawn to the arts but his father considered this pursuit below the family’s social status and tried to discourage him However Michelangelo prevailed and was apprenticed worked to learn a trade at the age of thirteen to Domenico Ghirlandaio 1449C1494 the most fashionable painter in Florence at the time After a year Michelangelo’s apprenticeship was broken off The boy was given access to the collection of ancient Roman sculpture of the ruler of Florence Lorenzo de’ Medici 1449C1492 He dined with the family and was looked after by the retired sculptor who was in charge of the collection This arrangement was quite unusual at the time Early works Michelangelo’s earliest sculpture the Battle of the Centaurs mythological creatures that are part man and part horse a stone work created when he was about seventeen is regarded as remarkable for the simple solid forms and squarish proportions of the figures which add intensity to their violent interaction Soon after Lorenzo died in 1492 the Medici family fell from power and Michelangelo fled to Bologna In 1494 he carved three saints for the church of San Domenico They show dense forms in contrast to the linear forms which were then dominant in sculpture Rome After returning to Florence briefly Michelangelo moved to Rome There he carved a Bacchus for a banker’s garden of ancient sculpture This is Michelangelo’s earliest surviving large-scale work and his only sculpture meant to be viewed from all sides In 1498 the same banker commissioned Michelangelo to carve the Piet now in St Peter’s The term piet refers to a type of image in which Mary supports the dead Christ across her knees Larger than life size the Piet contains elements which contrast and reinforce each other: vertical and horizontal cloth and skin alive and dead female and male Florence On Michelangelo’s return to Florence in 1501 he was recognized as the most talented sculptor of central Italy He was commissioned to carve the David for the Florence Cathedral Michelangelo’s Battle of Cascina was commissioned in 1504 several sketches still exist The central scene shows a group of muscular soldiers climbing from a river where they had been swimming to answer a military alarm This fusion of life with colossal grandeur henceforth was the special quality of Michelangelo’s art From this time on Michelangelo’s work consisted mainly of very large projects that he never finished He was unable to turn down the vast commissions of his great clients which appealed to his preference for the grand scale Pope Julius II 1443C1513 called Michelangelo to Rome in 1505 to design his tomb which was to include about forty life-size statues Michelangelo worked on the project off and on for the next forty years Sistine Chapel In 1508 Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to decorate the ceiling of the chief Vatican chapel the Sistine The traditional format of ceiling painting contained only single figures Michelangelo introduced dramatic scenes and an original framing system which was his earliest architectural design The chief elements are twelve male and female prophets the latter known as sibyls and nine stories from Genesis Michelangelo stopped for some months halfway along When he returned to the ceiling his style underwent a shift toward a more forceful grandeur and a richer emotional tension than in any previous work The images of the Separation of Light and Darkness and Ezekiel illustrate this greater freedom and mobility After the ceiling was completed in 1512 Michelangelo returned to the tomb of Julius and carved a Moses and two Slaves His models were the same physical types he used for the prophets and their attendants in the Sistine ceiling Julius’s death in 1513 halted the work on his tomb Pope Leo X son of Lorenzo de’ Medici proposed a marble facade for the family parish church of San Lorenzo in Florence to be decorated with statues by Michelangelo After four years of quarrying and designing the project was canceled Medici Chapel In 1520 Michelangelo was commissioned to execute the Medici Chapel for two young Medici dukes It contains two tombs each with an image of the deceased and two allegorical symbolic figures: Day and Night on one tomb and Morning and Evening on the other A library the Biblioteca Laurenziana was built at the same time on the opposite side of San Lorenzo to house Pope Leo X’s books The entrance hall and staircase are some of Michelangelo’s most astonishing architecture with recessed columns resting on scroll brackets set halfway up the wall and corners stretched open rather than sealed Poetry Michelangelo wrote many poems in the 1530s and 1540s Approximately three hundred survive The earlier poems are on the theme of Neoplatonic love belief that the soul comes from a single undivided source to which it can unite again and are full of logical contradictions and intricate images The later poems are Christian Their mood is penitent being sorrow and regretful and they are written in a simple direct style Last Judgment In 1534 Michelangelo left Florence for the last time settling in Rome The next ten years were mainly given over to painting for Pope Paul III 1468C1549  Michelino da Besozzo Italian Early Renaissance Painter active 1388-1450  Miklos Barabas February 10 1810 in Mărcuşa now Romania – February 12 1898 in Budapest was a Hungarian painter He his mostly known for his portrait paintings He was born in Kezdimerkosfalva He spent most of his life in Pest where he was director of the art society from 1862 until his death He became a member of the Parliament of Hungary in 1867 He died in Budapest  Monsu Bernardo 1624 – 1687  MONTAGNA Bartolomeo Italian Early Renaissance Painter 1450-1523 Painter and draughtsman Montagna is first documented in 1459 in Vicenza as a minor and still a minor in 1467 In 1469 he is recorded as a resident of Venice In 1474 he was living in Vicenza where in 1476 and 1478 he was commissioned to paint altarpieces now lost He has variously been considered a pupil of Andrea Mantegna Vasari Giovanni Bellini Antonello da Messina Alvise Vivarini Domenico Morone and Vittore Carpaccio While none of these artists except Carpaccio was irrelevant to Montagna’s stylistic formation scholars agree that Giovanni Bellini was the primary influence on his art He may have worked in Bellini’s shop around 1470 Several of Montagna’s paintings of the Virgin and Child in which the influence of Antonello da Messina is especially marked eg two in Belluno Mus Civ London NG see Davies no 802 are likely to be close in date to Antonello’s sojourn in Venice 1475-6 they are therefore best considered Montagna’s earliest extant works Gilbert 1967 rather than as an unexplained parenthesis around 1485 between two Bellinesque phases Puppi 1962 These early paintings appear to be followed by others in which the geometrically rounded forms derived from Antonello become more slender and sharper-edged Their figures are imbued with a deeply felt individual humanity sometimes austere and minatory sometimes tender Among them are some larger-scale works for example the Virgin and Child Enthroned with SS Nicholas and Lucy Philadelphia PA Mus A and a Virgin and Child Enthroned with SS Ansanus Anthony Abbot Francis and Jerome  MORETTO da Brescia Italian High Renaissance Painter 1498-1554 Italian painter Together with Romanino and Giovanni Girolamo Savoldo he was one of the most distinguished painters of Brescia of the 16th century Influenced by both Lombard verism and contemporary Venetian painters Moretto created an individual style in which realism and Venetian light and colour were perfectly balanced He was personally involved in the local movement of Roman Catholic reform and this is reflected in his direct solemn and often moving depictions of religious subjects |
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– Chennakesava Templea protected heritage site by Archaeological Survey of India and amongst the finest examples of Hoysala architecture – Māru-Gurjara temple architecture originated somewhere in the 6th century in and around areas of Rajasthan Māru-Gurjara architecture show the deep understanding of structures and refined skills of Rajasthani craftmen of bygone era Māru-Gurjara architecture has two prominent styles: Maha-Maru and Maru-Gurjara – There is a connecting link between Māru-Gurjara architecture and Hoysala temple architecture In both of these styles architecture is treated sculpturally — Nagda temple an example of Māru-Gurjara architecture – Carved elephants on the walls of Jagdish Temple Udaipur 1651 CE an example of Māru-Gurjara architecture FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q166 The relative precedence of the Private Members’ Bill in a particular category is determined byA The SpeakerB The Deputy SpeakerC The Committee on Private Members’ BillD BallotAns DA private member’s bill in a parliamentary system of government is a bill proposed law introduced into a legislature by a legislator who is not acting on behalf of the executive branch A private member is any member of parliament MP who is not a member of the cabinet executiveFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ165 With reference to the ancient period which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Auqaf – Charitable trusts2 Inam – Tax free land3 Sama – immediate requirements such as food clothes living quarters and ritual necessitiesWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans CFRAMED FROM BIPIN CHANDRAQ164 In 1936 Congress declared the Ethiopian day With reference to this consider the following statements :1 Congress declared the Ethiopian people’s struggle to be part of all exploited people’s struggle for freedom2 There was a schism in the congress for the support of Spanish republicans3 Demonstrations and meetings were held all over India expressing sympathy and solidarity with the EthiopiansSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 3 D 1 amp 3Ans DWhen Ethiopia was attacked by fascist Italy in early 1936the Congress declared the Ethiopian people’s struggle to be partof all exploited people’s struggle for freedom The Congressdeclared 9 May to be Ethiopia Day on which demonstrations andmeetings were held all over India expressing sympathy andsolidarity with the Ethiopians On his way back from EuropeJawaharlal refused to meet Mussolini despite his repeatedinvitations lest the meeting was used for fascist propagandaThe Congress expressed strong support for SpanishRepublicans engaged in a life and death struggle with fascistFranco in the Spanish Civil War In his presidential address tothe Faizpur Congress in December 1936 Nehru emphasized thatthe struggle going on in Spain was not merely betweenRepublicans and Franco or even Fascism and democracy butbetween forces of progress and reaction throughout the worldThe Congress Working Committeemeeting in Nehru’s absence passed a resolution viewing ‘withgrave concern the unabashed attempt that is being made byGermany to deprive Czechoslovakia of its independence or toreduce it to impotence’ and sending its ‘profound sympathy tothe brave people of Czechoslovakia” FRAMED FROM enchanted learning comQ163 With reference to the report of first national commission of labour consider the following statements :1 The first National Commission on Labour was set up under the leadership of Dr BR Ambedkar2 It provided detailed examination of all aspects of labour problems in unorganised sector only3 Important recommendations of the Labour Commission have been implemented through amendments to certain labour lawsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:A Only 1B 2 amp 3C Only 3 D 1 amp 3Ans C-The first National Commission on Labour was set up on 24th December 1966 under the Chairmanship of Justice PB Gajendragadkar -The Commission submitted its report in August 1969 after detailed examination of all aspects of labour problems both in the organised and unorganised sectors -The recommendations covered issues like recruitment agencies and practices -employment service administration training and workers education working conditions labour welfare housing social security wages and earnings wage policy bonus workers/employers organisations industrial relations machinery etc- Important recommendations of the Labour Commission have been implemented through amendments to certain labour laws like the Workmen’s Compensation Act 1923 for removal of wage ceiling for coverage the Industrial Disputes Act 1947 mainly in respect of the unfair labour practices The Employees State Insurance Act 1948 enhancement in the wage limit for exemption from payment of Employees’ Contribution Factories Act 1948FRAMED FROM enchanted learning comQ162 With reference to the Temperate rainforests consider the following statements :1These are found in a belt around the equator of the Earth2 They are less abundant than tropical rainforests3 Temperate rainforests have soil that is richer in nutrients relatively young and less prone to damageSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:A Only 1B 2 amp 3C Only 3D 123Ans B- Temperate rainforests are found along the Pacific coast of the USA and Canada from northern California to Alaska in New Zealand Tasmania Chile Ireland Scotland and Norway They are less abundant than tropical rainforests– Temperate rainforests have soil that is richer in nutrients relatively young and less prone to damageFRAMED FROM wikipediaQ161 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana consider the following statements:1 It is a centrally sponsored scheme 2 The scheme has been launched by the Ministry of youth affairs amp sports3 It provides easy access to information mentor network incubator credit and accelerator to create a pathway for the youthSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans AThe scheme has been launched by the Ministry of Skill Development and EntrepreneurshipFRAMED FROM enchanted learning comQ160 Which among the following foods were originally from rainforests around the world 1 Cashewnuts2 Brazil nuts3 Starchy root4 Macadamia nutsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:A Only 1 amp 3B 234C Only 3D 1234Ans DFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ159 With reference to the common reporting standard consider the following statements :1 It is an agreement to share information on residents’ assets and incomes automatically in conformation with the standard2 It is supposed to transfer all the relevant information automatically and systematically3 It includes all 34 OECD countriesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans DThe Common Reporting Standard CRS formally referred to as the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information is an information standard for the automatic exchange of information AEoI developed in the context of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD The legal basis for exchange of data is the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters and the idea is based on the USA Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act FATCA implementation agreementsOn May 6 2014 forty-seven countries tentatively agreed on a common reporting standard: an agreement to share information on residents’ assets and incomes automatically in conformation with the standardThis agreement is informally referred to as GATCA the global version of FATCA but CRS is not just an extension of FATCAEndorsing countries included all 34 OECD countries as well as Argentina Brazil China Colombia Costa Rica India Indonesia Latvia Lithuania Malaysia Saudi Arabia Singapore and South AfricaChinaincluding Hong Kong and more than 80 other countries have agreed to become signatoriesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ158 What is a Green Box subsidy1 These include direct payments to farmers to limit production and certain government assistance to encourage agriculture and rural development in developing countries2 These include government policies of Minimum support Prices MSP for agricultural products or any help directly related to production quantities for eg power fertiliser seeds pesticides irrigationetc3 These include amounts spent on research disease control infrastructure and food securitySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3 B Only 3C 1 amp 2 D 123Ans BGreen Box subsidies include amounts spent on research disease control infrastructure and food security These also include direct payments made to farmers such as income support that do notstimulate production These are not considered trade distorting and are encouragedFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ157 Who among the following are the members of the BIMSTEC 1 Bangladesh2 Myanmar3 India4 Sri Lanka5 ThailandSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1345B 1245C Only 124D 12345Ans DOther members of BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation :MyanmarNepal BhutanResolution by BIMSTEC members :• Enhance cooperation in environmental protection and sustainable development • Enhance cooperation in the field of agriculture including crops livestock and horticulture besides fisheries • Finalize an agreement on trade in goods by 2014 with intent to promote regional commerce • Conclude the Agreement on Services and InvestmentsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ156 Who among the following are the members of the Financial Stability and Development Council FSDC 1 Finance minister2 Prime Minister3 Governor of statesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1 amp 2C 123D Only 1Ans D Chairperson : The Union Finance Minister of IndiaOther Members: Governor Reserve Bank of India RBl Finance Secretary and/ or Secretary Department of Economic Affairs DEA Secretary Department of Financial Services DFS Chief Economic Advisor Ministry of Finance Chairman Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI Chairman Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority IRDA Chairman Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority PFRDA Joint Secretary Capital Markets DEA will be the Secretary of the CouncilFinancial Stability and Development Council FSDC: Apex-level body constituted by government of India Idea to constitute such a super regulatory body was first given by Raghuram Rajan Committee in 2008FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ155 Who among the following are the members of North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO 1 UK2 USA3 Germany4 France5 IcelandSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 124B 1233C 125D All are the membersAns DNATO is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty signed on 4 April 1949 The organization comprises a system of collective defence through which its member states accord to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external threatBaltic States or countries are 3 northern European countries east of the Baltic Sea – Estonia Latvia and Lithuania which attained independence from the Russian Empire in the backwash of World War I In the period between the World Wars the Baltic States also included FinlandFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ154 Who among the following are the members of the Boao Forum for Asia BFA 1 China2 India3 FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of CommerceSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123AnsAA non-governmental and non-profit international organization with a fixed conference date and a fixed domicile BFA was officially introduced on February 27 2001 Since 2002 BFA has been having its yearly conference at Boao Hainan Province China which now serves as the permanent site of BFA Headquarters Each year world’s Top political and business leaders gather at Boao to brain storm on global political and economic issuesObjectives :To base itself on Asia and encourage and deepen the economic exchange coordination and cooperation within Asia and between Asia and other parts of the world To offer a high-end dialog platform for governments enterprises experts and scholars to collectively talk about economy society and environment and other pertinent subject mattersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ153 Who among the following are not the members of the Arab League 1 Chad 2 Israel3 South Sudan4 Libya5 OmanSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 345B Only 1 amp 2C 125D All are the members Ans BThe Arab League was founded in Cairo in 1945 by Egypt Iraq Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria Transjordan Jordan from 1946 and Yemen North Yemen later combined Yemen There was a continual increase in membership during the second half of the 20th century with additional 15 Arab states and 4 observers being admittedFRAMED FROM CCRTgovin Q152 In context with the Manipuri dance which among the following are correct 1 Pure dance sequences performed in the Rasleela dances follow the specific rhythmic patterns and body movements2 The Ras costume consists of a richly embroidered stiff skirt which extends to the feet3 Male dancers play the Pung and Kartal while dancing4 The Pung and Kartal choloms are performed at all social and religious festivals5 The dancers do not wear ankle bells to stamp out the rhythms in a theatrical displaySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1345B 2345C 1234D 12345Ans DFRAMED FROM CCRTgovin Q151 With reference to the Kuchipudi which among the following statements are correct 1 In this dancer usually stands on a brass plate locking the feet in shakatavadanam paada and moves the plate rhythmically with great dexterity2 Techniques like dancing on the rim of a brass plate and with a pitcher full of water on the head was introduced3 Acrobatic dancing became part of the repertoireSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM CCRTgovin Q150 In context with the Odissi dance which among the following are correct 1 Torso movement is an unique feature of the Odissi style2 Lower half of the body remaining static the torso moves from one side to the other along the axis passing through the centre of the upper half of the body3 There are certain foot positions with flat toe or heel contact4 In addition to the leg movement there are a variety of gaits for doing pirouettesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B 234C 123D 1234Ans DFRAMED FROM CCRTgovin Q149 Which among the following are correct with reference to the Western Indian School 1 The motivating force for the artistic activity in Western India was Jainism 2 exaggeration of certain physical traits are present in Western Indian School3 Figures are flat with angularity of features in this type of artSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans D |
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The Washington Accord is an international accreditation agreement for professional engineering academic degrees between the bodies responsible for accreditation in its signatory countries The Washington Accord covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach Engineering technology and postgraduate programs are not covered by the accord although some engineering technology programs are covered under the Sydney Accord and the Dublin Accord Only qualifications awarded after the signatory country or region became part of the Washington Accord are recognized The accord is not directly responsible for the licensing of Professional Engineers and the registration of Chartered Engineers but it does cover the academic requirements that are part of the licensing processes in signatory countries India became the permanent member of the Washington Accord It is an esteemed international treaty on engineering studies and mobility of engineers across signatory countries including the US the UK and Australia signatories are: Australia Canada Chinese Taipei Hong Kong China India Ireland Japan Korea Malaysia New Zealand Russia Singapore South Africa Turkey the United Kingdom and the United States The treaty covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach The accord doesn’t take into account engineering technology and postgraduate programs Q194 What is meant by Deficit Financing A Capital expenditure on items of public construction public borrowing amp public enterprises B Difference in borrowing amp external amp internal resourcesC Government’s expenditure on excess of revenue which causes a shortage in the budget therby making the government to finance its plans by borrowing D Difference of the total expenditure amp income from all the sourcesAns C |
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Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Brazil Cambodia Canada Cape Verde Central African Rep Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Egypt Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea North Korea South Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Mongolia Montenegro Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda St Kitts amp Nevis St Lucia Saint Vincent amp the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom UAE Dubai United States US USA Vietnam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe |
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1 May 2 1991 In Rome two years to-the-date of Gregory XVII’s death his Cardinals celebrated a Requiem Mass for him and proceeded to hold a Conclave 2 May 3 1991 A new Pontiff was elected and chose the name Gregorius XVIII The 262nd Successor of St Peter 3 May 13 1991 Gregorius XVIII consecrated Russia by name to the Immaculate Heart in union with all of the Bishops of the world 4 May 14 1991 Gregorius XVIII held Conference with his Cardinals and left Rome in exile per God’s Will |
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North Indian temples are referred to as Nagara style of temple architecture They have sanctum sanctorum where the deity is present open on one side from where the devotee obtains darśana There may or may not be many more surrounding corridors halls etc However there will be space for devotees to go around the temple in clockwise fashion circumambulation In North Indian temples the tallest towers are built over the sanctum sanctorum in which the deity is installed The north India Nagara style of temple designs often deploy fractal-theme where smaller parts of the temple are themselves images or geometric re-arrangement of the large temple a concept found in French and Russian architecture such as the matryoshka principle One difference is the scope and cardinality where Hindu temple structures deploy this principle in every dimension with garbhgriya as the primary locus and each pada as well as zones serving as additional centers of loci This makes a Nagara Hindu temple architecture symbolically a perennial expression of movement and time of centrifugal growth fused with the idea of unity in everything TRIBHANGA It is the standing body position or stance used in the traditional Indian sculpture art and Indian classical dance forms like the Odissi Tribhanga literally meaning three parts break consists of three bends in the body at the neck waist and knee hence the body is oppositely curved at waist and neck which gives it a gentle S shape and is considered the most graceful and sensual of the Odissi positions It has been closely associated with the Hindu deity Krishna who is often portrayed in this posture It is characterized by various Bhangas or stance which involves stamping of the foot and striking various postures as seen in Indian sculptures they are four in number namely Bhanga Abanga Atibhanga and Tribhanga being the most common of all Q134 Chinook is :A Warm amp dry wind on the eastern slopes of the rockiesB Violent amp extremely cold wind of the TundrasC Extremely cold wind in central SiberiaD Dry amp dusty wind off the west coast of Africa blowing from the deserts Ans A Chinook means the ‘snow-eater’This is the hot and dry wind blowing along the eastern slope of the Rockies and covers an area from the southern part of Colorado in the south to British Columbia in Canada in the North The Chinook is a föhn wind a rain shadow wind which results from the subsequent adiabatic warming of air which has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes orographic lift As a consequence of the different adiabatic rates of moist and dry air the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the windward slopes As moist winds from the Pacific also called Chinooks are forced to rise over the mountains the moisture in the air is condensed and falls out as precipitation while the air cools at the moist adiabatic rate of 5 °C/1000 m 35 °F/1000 ft Plants can be visibly brought out of dormancy by persistent Chinook winds or have their hardiness reduced even if they appear to be remaining dormant Q133 Consider the following statements :1 Kandariya Mahadeo is the name of a famous temple built during the period of Gupta dominance in Central India2 The Martand temple in Kashmir was built during the reign of Lalitaditya MuktapidaWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B Kandariya Mahadeo is the name of a famous temple built during the period of Chandela rulers The Martand temple was built on top of a plateau from where one can view whole of the Kashmir Valley From the ruins and related archaeological findings it can be said it was an excellent specimen of Kashmiri architecture which had blended the Gandharan Gupta Chinese Roman Syrian-Byzantine and Greek forms of architecture The temple has a colonnaded courtyard with its primary shrine in its center and surrounded by 84 smaller shrines stretching to be 220 feet long and 142 feet broad total and incorporating a smaller temple that was previously built The temple turns out to be the largest example of a peristyle in Kashmir and is complex due to its various chambers that are proportional in size and aligned with the overall perimeter of the temple In accordance with Hindu temple architecture the primary entrance to the temple is situated in the western side of the quadrangle and is the same width as the temple itself creating grandeur The entrance is highly reflective of the temple as a whole due to its elaborate decoration and allusion to the deities worshiped inside The primary shrine is located in a centralized structure the temple proper that is thought to have had a pyramidal top – a common feature of the temples in Kashmir Various wall carvings in the antechamber of the temple proper depict other gods such as Vishnu and river goddesses such as Ganga and Yamuna in addition to the sun-god Surya FRAMED FROM THE HINDU-EDITORIAL Q132 Recently Zealandia has been given the status of a continent Which among the following habitable areas fall under zealandia 1 New Zealand2 New Caledonia3 Norfolk Island4 Lord Howe Island GroupSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 123D All are correctAns DIt is located on the southwest Pacific Ocean mostly surrounding in what is the current land mass of New Zealand and its adjoining islandsZealandia has recently been given the status of a continent by several geologists who say that the long lost continent is submerged under water While there is no formal recognition of the same by the New Zealand government which is the major habitable administration on Zealandia there is however wide interest in the media about the continentQ131 Consider the following statements :1 Borobudur is a world renowned Buddhist monument of Cambodia2 Angkor wat is a well known Buddhist temple complex located in IndonesiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:A Only 1B Only 2C Both 1 amp 2D Neither 1 amp 2Ans DBorobodur is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist Temple in Magelang Central Java Indonesia Angkor Wat is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious monument in the world It was originally constructed as a Hindu temple for the Khmer Empire gradually transforming into a Buddhist temple toward the end of the 12th century It was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman IIQ130 Subsistence amp commercial freshwater fisheries are well developed in south eastern Asia It is because of1 Low precipitation2 Large perennial streams3 Dense populationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below:A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans BQ129 The total number of members in the legislative council of a state shall not exceed :A One-fourth of the total members in the legislative assemblyB Two-third of the total members in the legislative assemblyC Half of the total members in the legislative assemblyD One third of the total members in the legislative assembly Ans DQ128 The three movements of Gandhi were named as Non-Cooperation movement Civil disobedience movement amp Quit India movement because1 Gandhi wanted to attract the Indian masses to his movements by giving it a different name each time2 When a movement failed he did not want to use the same name for his new movement 3 Each movement was more rigorous than the previous one4 Gandhi prepared the masses slowly from non-cooperating in 1921 to telling the British to quit India in 1942Which of the above statements is/are correct A 1234B 2 amp 3C 124D 3 amp 4Ans DFRAMED FROM publicwmoint World Meteorological OrganisationQ127 Recently WMO has signified which among the following effects of Ei-Nino in its report 1 Ei Nino event has been successful in triggering the CO2 level resulting in warming influence2 El Niño event had triggered droughts in tropical amp temperate regions 3 Capacity of “sinks” to absorb co2 has been reduced Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans CEl Niño event had triggered drought in tropical regionWMO is an intergovernmental organization and specialised agency of the UN for meteorology weather and climate operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences It is a member of the United Nations Development Group“sinks” includes like forests vegetationFRAMED FROM Wikipedia Q126 Living Planet Report is the world’s leading science-based analysis on the health of planet With reference to this report consider the following statements :1 Ecological footprint calculation is the only basis for the publication of this report2 It is published every year by the World Wide Fund for Nature Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D The Living Planet Report is published every two years by the World Wide Fund for Nature since 1998 It is based on the Living Planet Index and ecological footprint calculations The Living Planet Report is the world’s leading science-based analysis on the health of our only planet and the impact of human activity Humanity’s demands exceed the Earth’s capacity to sustain us The latest edition of the Living Planet Report was released in October 2016 FRAMED FROM Wikepedia Q125 The survey of India works under which of the following ministries of the government of India A Minister of DefenceB Ministry of Home AffairsC Ministry of Science amp TechnologyD Ministry of Tourism amp CultureAnsCFRAMED FROM Laxmikant-Indian polityQ124 Zero Hour in the Indian Parliament starts atA First hour of the sittingB Last hour of the sittingC 1200 noonD No fixed timingsAns CQuestion Hour: The first hour of every sitting of Parliament is generally reserved for the asking and answering of questionsZero Hour: The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as Zero Hour It starts at around 12 noon hence the name and members can with prior notice to the Speaker raise issues of importance during this time Typically discussions on important Bills the Budget and other issues of national importance take place from 2pm onwardsFRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIAQ123 In context with the gravitation waves consider the following statements :1 They generally propagate as waves greater than the speed of light 2 Enigmaic sources are the strongest sources of the gravitational wavesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThey are among enigmatic objects in our universe like black holes supernova neutron stars and Big BangThey travel outward from the source at the speed of lightFRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIAQ122 Who among the following publishes Global Youth Development Index A Commonwealth SecretariatB World Economic ForumC Security CouncilD Global InnovationAns AIndia has been ranked 133rd out of 183 countries in the 2016 Global Youth Development Index YDI compiled by the Commonwealth Secretariat The Global Youth Development Index report measures countries’ prospects for young people in employment education health civic and political spheresFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ121 With reference to the Vijayanagar empire which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Samara – Battle or war2Yavana – Greeks and other peoples who entered the subcontinent from the north west3 Kuddirai Chettis – Local communities of merchants Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans C The amara-nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire It is likely that many features of this system were derived from the iqta system of the Delhi Sultanate The amara-nayakas were military commanders who were given territories to govern by the raya They collected taxes and other dues from peasants craftspersons and traders in the area They retained part of the revenue for personal use and for maintaining a stipulated contingent of horses and elephants These contingents provided the Vijayanagara kings with an effective fighting force with which they brought the entire southern peninsula under their control Some of the revenue was also used for the maintenance of temples and irrigation works FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ120 Which among the following were the observations regarding the physical layout of the Vijayanagar empire 1 Embankments were built along these streams to create reservoirs of varying sizes2 Fortifications encircled only the city but not its agricultural hinterland and forests 3 No mortar or cementing agent was employed anywhere in the constructionSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans A Additional points : The stone blocks were wedge shaped which held them in place and the inner portion of the walls was of earth packed with rubble Square or rectangular bastions projected outwards Abdur Razzaq noted that “ between the first second and the third walls there are cultivated fields gardens and houses FRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIA Q119 With reference to the LIDAR Light Detection amp ranging consider the following statements :1 LIDAR uses ultraviolet amp visible light only to detect the objects 2 They can target a wide range of materials except non-metallic objects Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D Lidar uses ultraviolet visible or near infrared light to image objects It can target a wide range of materials including non-metallic objects rocks rain chemical compounds aerosols clouds and even single moleculesA narrow laser-beam can map physical features with very high resolutions for example an aircraft can map terrain at 30-centimetre 12 in resolution or better Lidar has been used extensively for atmospheric research and meteorology Lidar instruments fitted to aircraft and satellites carry out surveying and mapping – a recent example being the US Geological Survey Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LidarNASA has identified lidar as a key technology for enabling autonomous precision safe landing of future robotic and crewed lunar-landing vehicles Wavelengths vary to suit the target: from about 10 micrometers to the UV approximately 250 nm Typically light is reflected via backscattering Different types of scattering are used for different lidar applications: most commonly Rayleigh scattering Mie scattering Raman scattering and fluorescence Based on different kinds of backscattering the lidar can be accordingly called Rayleigh Lidar Mie Lidar Raman Lidar Na/Fe/K Fluorescence Lidar and so on Suitable combinations of wavelengths can allow for remote mapping of atmospheric contents by identifying wavelength-dependent changes in the intensity of the returned signal In general there are two kinds of lidar detection schemes: incoherent or direct energy detection which is principally an amplitude measurement and coherent detection which is best for Doppler or phase sensitive measurements Coherent systems generally use optical heterodyne detection which being more sensitive than direct detection allows them to operate at a much lower power but at the expense of more complex transceiver requirements Lidar is popularly used to make high-resolution maps with applications in geodesy geomatics archaeology geography geology geomorphology seismology forestry atmospheric physics laser guidance airborne laser swath mapping ALSM and laser altimetry Lidar sometimes is called laser scanning and 3D scanning with terrestrial airborne and mobile applications FRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIA Q118 With reference to the fast neutron reactor consider the following statements:1 In this nuclear fission amp fusion chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons2 Neutron moderators are employed in these type of reactors Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D A fast neutron reactor or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons Such a reactor needs no neutron moderator but must use fuel that is relatively rich in fissile material when compared to that required for a thermal reactor Natural uranium consists mostly of three isotopes U-238 U-235 and trace quantities of U-234 a decay product of U-238 U-238 accounts for roughly 993 of natural uranium and undergoes fission only by neutrons with energies of 5 MeV or greater the so-called fast neutrons About 07 of natural uranium is U-235 which undergoes fission by neutrons of any energy but particularly by lower energy neutrons When either of these isotopes undergoes fission they release neutrons around 1 to 2 MeV too low to cause fission in U-238 and too high to do so easily in U-235 The common solution to this problem is to slow the neutron from these fast speeds using a neutron moderator any substance which interacts with the neutrons and slows their speed The most common moderator is normal water which slows the neutrons through inelastic scattering until the neutrons reach thermal equilibrium with the water Fast neutron reactors can reduce the total radiotoxicity of nuclear waste and dramatically reduce the waste’s lifetime6 They can also use all or almost all of the fuel in the waste Fast neutrons have an advantage in the transmutation of nuclear waste With fast neutrons the ratio between splitting and the capture of neutrons of plutonium or minor actinide is often larger than when the neutrons are slower at thermal or near-thermal epithermal speeds The transmuted odd-numbered actinides eg from Pu-240 to Pu-241 split more easily Fast reactors technically solve the fuel shortage argument against uranium-fueled reactors without assuming unexplored reserves or extraction from dilute sources such as ordinary granite or the ocean Sodium is often used as a coolant in fast reactors because it does not moderate neutron speeds much and has a high heat capacity However it burns and foams in air It has caused difficulties in reactors Since liquid metals have low moderating power and ratio and no other moderator is present the primary interaction of neutrons with liquid metal coolants is the ngamma reaction which induces radioactivity in the coolant Water the most common coolant in thermal reactors is generally not a feasible coolant for a fast reactor because it acts as a neutron moderator However the Generation IV reactor known as the supercritical water reactor with decreased coolant density may reach a hard enough neutron spectrum to be considered a fast reactor All current fast reactors are liquid metal cooled reactors The early Clementine reactor used mercury coolant and plutonium metal fuel Sodium-potassium alloy NaK coolant is popular in test reactors due to its low melting point In practice sustaining a fission chain reaction with fast neutrons means using relatively highly enriched uranium or plutonium most fast neutron reactors have used either MOX mixed oxide or metal alloy fuel Like thermal reactors fast neutron reactors are controlled by keeping the criticality of the reactor reliant on delayed neutrons with gross control from neutron-absorbing control rods or blades – Doppler broadening in the moderator which affects thermal neutrons does not work nor does a negative void coefficient of the moderator Both techniques are very common in ordinary light water reactors Q117 India is a member of:1 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC2 Asian Development Bank ADB3 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD4World Trade Organization WTOSelect the correct answer using the code given below:A 1 and 3 onlyB 2 and 4C 23 and 4D 123 and 4Ans BQ116 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana consider the following statements :1 Farmers will pay uniform premium of 2 per cent for all Kharif crops and 15 percent for all Rabi crops2 provision of capping the premium rate has been removed 3 Encouragement of use of technology such as use of smart phones amp remote sensing satellite Which among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe new Crop Insurance Scheme has been formulated in line with One Nation–One Scheme theme It replaces existing two schemes viz National Agricultural Insurance Scheme MNAIS and Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme MNAIS by removing their inherent drawbacks shortcomingsThere will be no upper limit subsidy given by Government even if balance premium is 90 percentFRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIA Q115 A geographical indication is used for products that have a specific geographical origin GI is governed by which of the following legal authorities :1 WTO2 TRIPS3 Food amp agriculture organizationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns C A geographical indication GI is a name or sign used on certain products which corresponds to a specific geographical location or origin eg a town region or country The GI tag is an indication which is definite to a geographical territory It is used for agricultural natural and manufactured goods For a product to get GI tag the goods need to be produced or processed or prepared in that region It is also essential that the product has special quality or reputation FRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIA Q114 With reference to the National Innovation Fund consider the following statements :1 It is an autonomous body of the Department of Science and Technology2 It provides institutional support for scaling up the grassroots innovations across the country3 NIF is mandated to build a national register of traditional knowledge practices related to agriculture plants animal health and human healthSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 123Ans D National Innovation Foundation NIF – India is an autonomous body of the Department of Science and Technology DST Government of India It was set up in February 2000 at Ahmedabad Gujarat to provide institutional support for scouting spawning sustaining and scaling up the grassroots innovations across the country NIF is a national initiative to serve the knowledge-rich economically poor people of the country It is committed to making India innovative by documenting adding value protecting the Intellectual Property Rights IPRs of the contemporary unaided technological innovators as well as of outstanding traditional knowledge holders and disseminating them on a commercial as well as non-commercial basis NIF conducts a biennial national competition for grassroots green technologies developed by farmers mechanics artisans and others through their own genius without any recourse to professional help NIF then gets these innovations validated with the help of experts and ascertains the novelty in these innovations by conducting Prior Art Search PAS If the innovation is deemed novel NIF files a patent on behalf of the innovator in his/her name NIF also funds value-addition initiatives in these innovations to upscale them and make them more useful for a larger segment of people Being organised since 2008 IGNITE is an annual competition for student’s ideas and innovations conducted by NIF in partnership with the Central Board of Secondary Education CBSE Some state education boards also partner in the same All students up to Standard 12 from any school and of the same age group but out of school in India are eligible to participate in the competition The IGNITE awards 3 are announced on October 15 the birthday of Bharat Ratna Dr A P J Abdul Kalam the former President of India which is celebrated as the Children’s Creativity and Innovation Day by NIF In 2015 IGNITE competition was renamed as Dr A P J Abdul Kalam IGNITE competition in the memory of Dr Kalam so that the creative children continue to draw inspiration from his spirit NIF is mandated to build a national register of ideas innovations and traditional knowledge TK practices related to agriculture plants animal health and human health With the help of the Honey Bee Network NIF has been able to scout and document over 225000 examples of technological ideas innovations and traditional practices4 Since its inception NIF has also recognised over 816 grassroots innovators young students and outstanding traditional knowledge holders in its various national awards providing them a platform to showcase their creativity5 Through the collaborations with various research and development RampD and academic institutions agricultural and veterinary universities and others NIF has helped in getting thousands of grassroots technologies validated and value-added It has also set up a Fabrication Laboratory Fab Lab with the help of Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Boston for product development apart from strengthening in-house research and development facilities for the initial validation of herbal technologies FRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIA Q113 Which among the following is/are the composition of the reconstituted Inter state Council 1 Chief Minister2 All the Union Ministers3 Prime MinisterSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans B Only 6 Union Ministers are there The Inter-State Council is a constitutional body to facilitate coordination between states and the centre It is a recommendatory body to investigate and discuss subjects in which some or all of the states or the Central government have a common interest It is set up on the basis of provisions in Article 263 of the Constitution of India by a Presidential Order 1990 based on the recommendation of Sarkaria Commission Q112 In ancient India “ Gutika” meant :A CollegesB HospitalsC MountainsD ViharasAns BFRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIA Q111 Consider the differences between the recently discovered S-waves microseism amp P-waves microseism :1 S-waves microseism are bright as compared to the P-waves2 P wave microseisms can be detected easily during major hurricanesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B S-waves microseism are faint as compared to the P-waves It will help experts learn more about the Earth’s inner structure and improve detection of earthquakes and oceanic storms Learning more about S waves microseismic will further aid to understand the deeper crust and upper mantle structure FRAMED FROM ECONOMIC SURVEY amp WIKEPEDIA Q110 Polymetallic nodules contains which among the following constituents :1 Nickel2 Copper3 Calcium4 Oxygen5 HydrogenSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 amp 2 B 1235C 123D All are correctAns D The chemical composition of nodules varies according to the kind of manganese minerals and the size and characteristics of the core Those of greatest economic interest contain manganese 27-30 nickel 125-15 copper 1-14 and cobalt 02-025 Other constituents include iron 6 silicon 5 and aluminium 3 with lesser amounts of calcium sodium magnesium potassium titanium and barium along with hydrogen and oxygen as well as water of crystallization and free water Polymetallic nodules also called manganese nodules are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core The core may be microscopically small and is sometimes completely transformed into manganese minerals by crystallization When visible to the naked eye it can be a small test shell of a microfossil radiolarian or foraminifer a phosphatized shark tooth basalt debris or even fragments of earlier nodules FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIA Q109 Global Gender Report is released by which of the following A World bankB World Trade Organisation C International Monetary Fund D World Economic ForumAns D The Global Gender Gap Report was first published in 2006 by the World Economic Forum The 2016 report covers 144 major and emerging economies The Global Gender Gap Index is an index designed to measure gender equality The highest possible score is 1 equality or better for women except for lifespan 106 or better for women and the lowest possible score is 0 Data for some countries are unavailable FRAMED FROM LIVE MINT amp WIKEPEDIA Q108 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan consider the following statements :1 This scheme is applicable only to the women during their pregnancy period 2 Tests will take place at the government hospitals onlySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D The scheme is applicable only to the women in their pregnancy period of 3 to 6 months Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan or Yojana is a new initiative of the Narendra Modi Government launched on June 9 2016 The scheme has been launched with the objective of boosting the health care facilities for the pregnant women especially the poor Under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan the pregnant ladies will be given free health check-up and required treatment for free on 9th of every month The scheme will be applicable for pregnant women to avail in all Government hospitals across the country The scheme is applicable only for the pregnant women All kinds of medical checkups under this scheme will be completely free Tests will took place at the medical centers government and private hospitals and private clinics across the country FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q107 Recently which among the following state has adopted fly ash utilization policy A Maharashtra B PunjabC KarnatakaD Tamil NaduAns AFly ash is a fine glass powder by-product recovered from gases of burning coal in thermal power plants during production of electricity They are micron sized earth elements primarily consisting silica alumina and ironFly ash causes air pollution It can also contaminate water and soil systems The wet disposal of Fly ash results in leaching of toxic heavy metals in ground water systemFRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q106 Under IUCN Fishing cat has been classified under which category A EndangeredB VulnerableC ExtinctD Critically endangeredAns BThe fishing cat is broadly but discontinuously distributed in Asia and is primarily found in the Terai region of the Himalayan foothills in India and Nepal in eastern India Bangladesh and Sri Lanka There are no confirmed records from Peninsular Malaysia Vietnam and LaosIn India the presence of fishing cats has been documented in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve in Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary outside protected areas in West Bengal in and around Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary in Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining reserve forests in Andhra PradeshFRAMED FROM ECONOMIC SURVEY 2016-17 Q105 With reference to the Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership TTIP consider the following statements :1It is a proposed trade agreement between the India and the United States with the aim of promoting trade and multilateral economic growth2 The reports on the TTIP proposals can be accessed only by authorised persons3 Creation of million of new jobs is one of the pillar of TTIPSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns B The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership TTIP is a proposed trade agreement between the European Union and the United States with the aim of promoting trade and multilateral economic growth The American government considers the TTIP a companion agreement to the Trans-Pacific Partnership TPPThe agreement is under ongoing negotiations and its main three broad areas are: market access specific regulation and broader rules and principles and modes of co-operation TTIP aims to liberalise one-third of global trade and could create millions of new jobs FRAMED FROM ECONOMIC SURVEY 2016-17 Q104 With reference to the Unified payment interface consider the following statements :1 It is a payment system regulated by the National Payments Corporation of India2 It facilitates the fund transfer between two bank accounts on the mobile platform instantlySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B Unified Payments Interface UPI is a payment system launched by National Payments Corporation of India and regulated by Reserve Bank of India which facilitates the fund transfer between two bank accounts on the mobile platform instantly UPI Unified Payments Interface is an advanced version of Immediate Payment ServiceIMPS platform designed for transferring funds using: Transfer through Virtual Payment Address Unique ID provided by bank or Account Number IFSC or Mobile Number MMID or Aadhaar Number or Collect / Pull money basis Virtual ID An MPIN is given to the banking customer once they register for UPI which is required to be entered while confirming a money transfer FRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12th BIOQ103 DNA Index System DIS allows generation of DNA profiles from which of the following samples :1 Saliva2 Blood strains 3 Buccal SwabsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 123D 1 amp 2Ans C DNA profiling also called DNA fingerprinting DNA testing or DNA typing is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA A DNA profile is a small set of DNA variations that is very likely to be different in all unrelated individuals thereby being as unique to individuals as are fingerprints hence the alternate name for the technique DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing DNA fingerprinting has also been widely used in the study of animal and floral populations and has revolutionized the fields of zoology botany and agriculture A common method of collecting a reference sample is the use of a buccal swab which is easy non-invasive and cheap When this is not available eg because a court order is needed but not obtainable other methods may need to be used to collect a sample of blood saliva semen or other appropriate fluid or tissue from personal items eg a toothbrush razor or from stored samples eg banked sperm or biopsy tissue Samples obtained from blood relatives related by birth not marriage can provide an indication of an individual’s profile as could human remains that had been previously profiled Using PCR technology DNA analysis is widely applied to determine genetic family relationships such as paternity maternity siblingship and other kinships Familial DNA searching sometimes referred to as “Familial DNA” or “Familial DNA Database Searching” is the practice of creating new investigative leads in cases where DNA evidence found at the scene of a crime forensic profile strongly resembles that of an existing DNA profile offender profile in a state DNA database but there is not an exact match FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ102 Recently India has signed Dollar credit line agreement with which of the following country A ChinaB NepalC PakistanD IranAns BFRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIAQ101 Recently Kigali agreement has amended 1987 montreal protocol With reference to this agreement consider the following statements 1 As per this agreement HFCs is the only gas responsible for global warming apart from other gases2 500 million us dollar is the amount of additional funding from developed countries 3 Kigali agreement will be binding on countries from 2019Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 1 amp 2C Only 1D 2 amp 3Ans A Amended Montreal Protocol which was initially conceived only to plug gases that were destroying the ozone layer now includes HFCs responsible for global warming The exact amount of additional funding from developed countries will be agreed at the next Meeting of the Parties in Montreal in 2017 The Paris agreement which will come into force by 2020 is not legally binding on countries to cut their emissions The Kigali Amendment is considered absolutely vital for reaching the Paris Agreement target of keeping global temperature rise to below 2-degree Celsius compared to pre-industrial times FRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIAQ100 HIMANSH often in the news is :A Glaciological research stationB Submarine vesselC Micro satelliteD Nuclear VesselAns A A high altitude glaciological research station in Himalaya called Himansh meaning a slice of ice began functioning above 13500 ft 4000 m in a remote region in Spiti Himachal Pradesh The station houses instruments to quantify glacier melting and its relation to changing climate It will also serve as the base for Terrestrial Laser Scanners TLS and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs for undertaking surveys FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ99 How recently developed Zika replicon system will be helpful in developing vaccine for Zika virus 1 It will deteriorate the structure of the virus by deleting some of its genes 2 Replicons are the segments of viral genome that are dependent of the cellular chromosome3 They will be used to locate portions of the viral molecule that block or halt viral replicationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 3D All are correctAns CReplicons are basically segments of viral genome that can replicate on their own independent of the cellular chromosomeIt has also become important to deal with Zika virus which is spreading rapidly and behaves differently than other viruses as it can be transmitted sexually and is associated with microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome GBSFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ98 In context with the news what is Digishala A 24 hour government TV channel for cashless lessonsB TV series to be launched for cashless lessonsC A short film based on cashless lessonsD None of the above Ans AFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ97 Jaguar DARIN III often in the news is :A Twin seat aircraftB Anti tank missileC Rocket launcherD Submarine vesselAns AFRAMED FROM ECONOMIC SURVEY 2016-17Q96 Which among the following commodities are covered under the Baltic Dry index 1 Coal2 Grain3 Iron OreSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns D The Baltic Dry Index BDI is an economic indicator issued daily by the London-based Baltic Exchange Not restricted to Baltic Sea countries the index provides an assessment of the price of moving the major raw materials by sea Taking in 23 shipping routes measured on a timecharter basis the index covers Handysize Supramax Panamax and Capesize dry bulk carriers carrying a range of commodities including coal iron ore and grain Most directly the index measures the demand for shipping capacity versus the supply of dry bulk carriers The demand for shipping varies with the amount of cargo that is being traded or moved in various markets supply and demand – Another index the HARPEX focuses on containers freight It provides an insight on the transport of a much wider base of commercial goods than commodities alone HARPEX is regarded as a Current-Activity Indicator because it measures and charts the changes in freight rates for ‘container ships’ Container ships typically carry a wide variety of finished goods from a multitude of sellers These are factory output goods headed for retail markets at the other end of the supply chain FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ95 With reference to the Cocoas bonds sometimes seen in the news consider the following statements :1 These are the hybrid bonds that combine debt and equity elements2 These are considered as the most secured bonds issued by banks Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThese are known as Additional Tier-1 bondsThey are the riskiest debt issued by banks and do not have any set maturity dateA contingent convertible bond CoCo also known as an enhanced capital note ECN is a fixed-income instrument that is convertible into equity if a pre-specified trigger event occursThe concept of CoCo has been particularly discussed in the context of crisis management in the banking industry It has been also emerging as an alternative way for keeping solvency in the insurance industryA contingent convertible bond is defined with two elements: the trigger and the conversion rate While the trigger is the pre-specified event causing the conversion process the conversion rate is the actual rate at which debt is swapped for equityThe trigger which can be bank specific systemic or dual has to be defined in a way ensuring automatic and inviolable conversionA possibility of a dynamic sequence exists—conversion occurs at different pre-specified thresholds of the trigger eventSince the trigger can be subject to accounting or market manipulation a commonly used measure has been the market’s measure of bank’s solvencyThe design of the trigger and the conversion rate are critical in the instrument’s effectivenessFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ94 What is Urja Ganga that has been recently in news A It is a mission to clean holy river by 2020B It is a project of Gas pipeline to provide cooking gasC It aims to reduce pollutants from Ganga riverD None of the aboveAns BFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ93 Recently in the news there was a term “Selfie Stick” What is this A A micro satelliteB A printerC A Graphene transistorD A newly launched i-phoneAns A The micro-satellite Banxing-2 is roughly the size of a desktop printer and the media has nicknamed “Selfie Stick” It weighs 47 kilogrammes Micro satellites weigh around 500 to 100 kilograms They are usually cheaper faster and more advanced than traditional satellites The commercial potential has attracted much attention from businesses FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ92 Which among the following organic compound is present in the whitener that has been banned under the montreal protocol A 111-trichloroethaneB TolueneC TrichloroehtyleneD BromopropaneAns AThis question has been framed keeping in mind that Uttarakhand High court has banned the use of WhitenerThinner contains organic solvents volatile organic compounds unused correction fluid thickens over time as volatile solvents escape into the air It can become too thick to use and sometimes completely solidifiesThinner originally contained toluene which was banned due to its toxicity Later it contained 111-trichloroethane a skin irritant now widely banned under the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer and then the slightly safer trichloroethylene Thinners currently used with correction fluid include bromopropaneWhiteners contain hydrocarbons which is deadly solvents that can infuse easily with the blood and can affect the central nervous system of a personFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ91 With reference to the Ponzi schemes that has been recently in news consider the following statements :1 It is an investment fraud that falls under the purview of SEBI2 Union government amp co-operative banks are the enforcement agencies of these schemesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt is an investment fraud that do not falls under the purview of SEBIState government is the enforcement agencies of these schemesIt is a fraudulent investment operation where the operator an individual or organization pays returns to its investors from new capital paid to the operators by new investors rather than from profit earned through legitimate sources Operators of Ponzi schemes usually entice new investors by offering higher returns than other investments in the form of short-term returns that are either abnormally high or unusually consistentPonzi schemes occasionally begin as legitimate businesses until the business fails to achieve the returns expected The business becomes a Ponzi scheme if it then continues under fraudulent terms Whatever the initial situation the perpetuation of the high returns requires an ever-increasing flow of money from new investors to sustain the schemePonzi schemes sometimes commence operations as legitimate investment vehicles such as hedge funds For example a hedge fund can degenerate into a Ponzi scheme if it unexpectedly loses money or simply fails to legitimately earn the returns promised and/or thought to be expected and if the promoters instead of admitting their failure to meet expectations fabricate false returns and if necessary produce fraudulent audit reportsA pyramid scheme is a form of fraud similar in some ways to a Ponzi scheme relying as it does on a mistaken belief in a nonexistent financial reality including the hope of an extremely high rate of return FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ90 Recently Mitochondrial replacement therapy has been in news consider the following statements :1 It involves invitro amp invivo fertilization technique to replace defective mitochondria2 Through this technique embryo remains free from all the defectsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt involves invitro fertilization technique to replace defective mitochondria2nd statement is fabricated statement as it can’t be free from all the defectsMitochondrial replacement MRT sometimes called mitochondrial donation is a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which the future baby’s mitochondrial DNA comes from a third party This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases The two most common techniques in mitochondrial donation are pronuclear transfer and maternal spindle transferIn 2015 MRT was made legal in the United Kingdom and in 2016 the first regulations were issued there clearing the way for procedures to begin In February 2016 the US National Academy of Sciences issued a report describing technologies then current and the surrounding ethical issuesFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ89 Which among the following countries comprises CLMV countries 1 Cambodia2 Laos3 Malaysia 4Vietnam Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 124B Only 1 amp 3C 123D All are correctAns A CambodiaLaosMyanmar Vietnam are the CLMV Countries “India’s trade with the CLMV countries is over 11000 million USD and there is immense potential” The tri-lateral highway connectivity in the North East port connectivity improvement and the Act East policy are moves in that direction The External Affairs study proves that there’s a huge potential of about 100billion USD dollars of additional export The trade investment between India and the ASEAN countries is crucial since the CLMV countries cover 32 of the ASEAN region and has a huge market for Indian products and with a 165 million strong population This will attract considerable amount of FDI from India It has an open investment regime and does not discriminate between foreign and local investors It is investing heavily into its transport infrastructure” The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian states which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic integration amongst its members Since its formation on August 8 1967 by Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines Singapore and Thailand the organisation’s membership has expanded to include Brunei Cambodia Laos Myanmar Burma and Vietnam Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth social progress and sociocultural evolution among its members alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully ASEAN PLUS THREE : The leaders of each country felt the need to further integrate the nations in the region Beginning in 1997 the bloc started creating organisations with the intention of achieving this goal ASEAN Plus Three was the first of these and was created to improve existing ties with the People’s Republic of China Japan and South Korea This was followed by the even larger East Asia Summit EAS which included ASEAN Plus Three countries as well as India Australia New Zealand the United States and Russia ASEAN PLUS SIX : Asean became Asean Plus Six with additional countries: Australia New Zealand and India And nowadays there are a new free trade area and it is called as Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership RCEP based on 16 countries of ASEAN plus six RCEP allows the member to protect local sectors and gives more times to comply the aim for developed country members FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ88 Which among the following are the member countries of SAARC Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B Only 1 amp 3C 123D All are correctAns D The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of nations in South Asia Its member states include Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal the Maldives Pakistan and Sri Lanka SAARC comprises 3 of the world’s area 21 of the world’s population and 38 US 29 trillion of the global economy as of 2015 SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8th December1985 Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu Nepal The organization promotes development of economic and regional integrationIt launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006 SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities including the European Union SAARC has six Apex Bodies they are- • SAARC Chamber of Commerce amp Industry SCCI • South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARCLAW • South Asian Federation of Accountants SAFA • South Asia Foundation SAF • South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children SAIEVAC • Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature FOSWAL Hemant Batra is the current Secretary General of SAARC SAARC also has about 17 recognised bodies The Twelfth Summit approved the SAARC Award to support individuals and organisations within the region The main aims of the SAARC Award are: • To encourage individuals and organisations based in South Asia to undertake programmes and activities that complement the efforts of SAARC • To encourage individuals and organisations in South Asia contributing to bettering the conditions of women and children • To honour outstanding contributions and achievements of individuals and organisations within the region in the fields of peace development poverty alleviation environment protection and regional cooperation • To honour any other contributions and achievement not covered above of individuals and organisations in the region The SAARC Award consists of a gold medal a letter of citation and cash prize of US 25000 ₹15 lakhs Since the institution of the SAARC Award in 2004 it has been awarded only once and the Award was posthumously conferred upon the late President Ziaur Rahman of Bangladesh Member countries : Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka and Afghanistan Observer countries: Australia China European Union Japan Iran Mauritius Myanmar South Korea and United States Q87 Consider the following:1 Fringe Benefit Tax2 Interest Tax3 Securities Transaction TaxWhich of the above is/ are Direct Tax/Taxes A1 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1 2 and 3 Ans D Fringe Benefit Tax: The fringe benefits tax FBT was the tax applied to most although not all fringe benefits in India A new tax was imposed on employers by India’s Finance Act 2005 was introduced for the financial year commencing April 1 2005 The fringe benefit tax was temporarily suspended in the 2009 Union budget of India by Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee The following items were covered: • Employer’s expenses on entertainment travel employee welfare and accommodation The definition of fringe benefits that have become taxable has been significantly extended The law provides an exact list of taxable items • Employer’s provision of employee transportation to work or a cash allowances for this purpose • Employer’s contributions to an approved retirement plan called a superannuation fund • Employee stock option plans ESOPs have also been brought under fringe benefits tax from the fiscal year 2007–08 Minimum Support Price : Minimum Support Price MSP is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices CACP MSP is price fixed by Government of India to protect the producer – farmers – against excessive fall in price during bumper production years The minimum support prices are a guarantee price for their produce from the Government The major objectives are to support the farmers from distress sales and to procure food grains for public distribution In case the market price for the commodity falls below the announced minimum price due to bumper production and glut in the market government agencies purchase the entire quantity offered by the farmers at the announced minimum price In formulating the recommendations in respect of the level of minimum support prices and other non-price measures the Commission takes into account apart from a comprehensive view of the entire structure of the economy of a particular commodity or group of commodities the following factors:- • Cost of production • Changes in input prices • Input-output price parity • Trends in market prices • Demand and supply • Inter-crop price parity • Effect on industrial cost structure • Effect on cost of living • Effect on general price level • International price situation • Parity between prices paid and prices received by the farmers • Effect on issue prices and implications for subsidy The Commission makes use of both micro-level data and aggregates at the level of district state and the country The information/data used by the Commission inter-alia include the following :- • Cost of cultivation per hectare and structure of costs in various regions of the country and changes there in • Cost of production per quintal in various regions of the country and changes therein • Prices of various inputs and changes therein • Market prices of products and changes therein • Prices of commodities sold by the farmers and of those purchased by them and changes therein • Supply related information – area yield and production imports exports and domestic availability and stocks with the Government/public agencies or industry • Demand related information – total and per capita consumption trends and capacity of the processing industry • Prices in the international market and changes therein demand and supply situation in the world market • Prices of the derivatives of the farm products such as sugar jaggery jute goods edible/non-edible oils and cotton yarn and changes therein • Cost of processing of agricultural products and changes therein • Cost of marketing – storage transportation processing marketing services taxes/fees and margins retained by market functionaries and • Macro-economic variables such as general level of prices consumer price indices and those reflecting monetary and fiscal factors Q86 The main programme of the Red Shirts organised by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan in support of the Civil Disobedience Movement was:A To proceed on the lines of terrorist amp revolutionary activitiesB To proopagate the Congress programmeC To resist the military operations of the govt in the north-western fronteir portionD To setup an para-military organizationAns B The Civil Disobedience Movement led by M K Gandhi in the year 1930 was an important milestone in the history of Indian Nationalism The prevalent political and social circumstances played a vital role in the launching of the Civil Disobedience Movement The Simon Commission was formed by the British Government that included solely the members of the British Parliament in November 1927 to draft and formalize a constitution for India The chairmanship of the commission rested with Sir John Simon who was a well known lawyer and an English statesman Accused of being an ‘All-White Commission’ the Simon Commission was rejected by all political and social segments of the country In Bengal the opposition to the Simon Commission assumed a massive scale with a hartal being observed in all corners of the province on February 3rd 1928 On the occasion of Simon’s arrival in the city demonstrations were conducted in Calcutta In the wake of the boycott of the recommendations proposed by Simon Commission an All-Party Conference was organized in Bombay in May of 1928 Dr MA Ansari was the president of the conference Motilal Nehru was given the responsibility to preside over the drafting committee appointed at the conference to prepare a constitution for India MK Gandhi was urged by the Congress to render his much needed leadership to the Civil Disobedience Movement On the historic day of 12th March 1930 Gandhi inaugurated The Civil Disobedience Movement by conducting the historic Dandi Salt March where he broke the Salt Laws imposed by the British Government The two main clauses of the Gandhi-Irwin pact entailed : Congress participation in the Round Table Conference and cessation of The Civil Disobedience Movement FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ85 In which among the following countries Zika virus was prevalent 1 Colombia2 Equador 3 El Salvador 4 JamaicaWhich among the above are correct A 134B 234C 123D 1234AnsDZika virus is not contagious but it is mainly transmitted by daytime-active Aedes aegypti mosquitoes after it bites someone infected with the virus and transmit it by biting another humanFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ84 Who considered Sanchi to be a centre of tree and serpent worship A James FergussonB James PrincepC MarshmanD CunninghamAns AFRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ83 Which among the following are the legislative powers of the President 1 Power to summon two houses of the Parliament 2 President may dissolve the Lok Sabha 3 Bill passed by the parliament becomes an act after the President’s assent 4 Power to send back advice received from the council of ministers Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134 B 234 C 123 D1234 Ans C Real Executive Power : Power to send back advice received from the council of ministersFRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ82 Which among the following are the discretionary powers of the Governor 1 Governor is advised amp aided by the council of ministers of state 2 In case of conflict between the council of ministers amp Governor decision of the governor is final 3 Governor can dissolve the assembly if CM advises him 4 Governor can recommend the President about the failure of the constitutional machinery 5 On his/her discretion Governor can reserve a bill passed by the state legislature for President’s assent Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1345B 2345C 1234 D 12345 Ans DFRAMED FROM ccrtindiagovinQ81 With reference to Kathakali consider the following statements : 1 Square and rectangular basic positions are commonly seen in Kathakali 2 Weight of the body is on the outer edges of the feet which are slightly bent and curved 3 It is characterized by facial expressions movement of eye balls amp lower eye lids Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3 B 2 amp 3 C 1 amp 2 D 123Ans D Introduction Kathakali is the most well known dance drama from the south Indian state of Kerala The word Kathakali literally means Story-Play It is known for its large elaborate makeup and costumes The elaborate costumes of Kathakali have become the most recognised icon for Kerala The themes of the Kathakali are religious in nature They typically deal with the Mahabarat the Ramayana and the ancient scriptures known as the Puranas This is performed in a text which is generally Sanskritised Malayalam A Kathakali performance is a major social event They generally start at dusk and go through out the night Kathakali is usually performed only by men Female characters are portrayed by men dressed in women’s costume However in recent years women have started to become Kathakali dancers Kathakali has a long tradition It dates back to the 17th century It was given its present form by Mahakavi Vallathol Narayan Menon who was the founder of the Kerala Kala Mandalam The actors rely very heavily on hand gesture to convey the story These hand gestures known as mudra are common through out much of classical Indian dance Costume The costume is the most distinctive characteristic of Kathakali The makeup is very elaborate and the costumes are very large and heavy There are several kinds of costume There are: Sathwika the hero Kathi the villain Minukku females and Thatti These basic divisions are further subdivided in a way which is very well known to Malayali Keralite audiences Each character is instantly recognisable by their characteristic makeup and costume The makeup is very elaborate It is so elaborate that it is more like a mask than makeup in the usual sense The materials that comprise the makeup is all locally available The white is made from rice flour the red is made from Vermilion a red earth such as cinnabar The black is made from soot The colours are not merely decoration but are also a means of portraying characters For instance red on the feet is used to symbolise evil character and evil intent Music The music of Kathakali has some similarity to the larger body of South Indian classical music Carnatic sangeet however the instrumentation is decidedly different Its local colour is strongly achieved by the use of instruments such as chenda idakka and shuddha madalam FRAMED FROM ccrtindiagovinQ80 In context with the Western Indian School consider the following statements : 1 The motivating force for the artistic activity in Western India was Jainism 2 Exaggeration of certain physical traits are present in Western Indian School 3 Figures are flat with angularity of features in this type of art Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3 B 2 amp 3 C 1 amp 2 D 123 Ans D The Western Indian style of painting prevailed in the region comprising Gujarat Rajasthan and Malwa The motivating force for the artistic activity in Western India was Jainism just as it was Buddhism in case of the Ajanta and the Pala arts Jainism was patronised by the Kings of the Chalukya Dynasty who ruled Gujarat and parts of Rajasthan and Malwa from 961 AD to the end of the 13th century An enormous number of Jain religious manuscripts were commissioned from 12th to 16th centuries by the princes their ministers and the rich Jain merchants for earning religious merit Many such manuscripts are available in the Jain libraries bhandaras which are found at many places in Western India FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ79 What was Mahanavami Dibba with reference to the ancient period A Audience hallB Hospital where soldiers were treatedC Residence of the BhikshusD Place where Buddhist monks were assembledAns A The entire complex is surrounded by high double walls with a street running between them The audience hall is a high platform with slots for wooden pillars at close and regular intervals It had a staircase going up to the second floor which rested on these pillars The pillars being closely spaced would have left little free space and thus it is not clear what the hall was used for FRAMED FROM THE HINDU amp WIKEPEDIAQ78 Recently India has hosted Asian Ministerial Conference for Disaster Risk Reduction AMCDRR consider the following statements :1 It is a biennial conference jointly organized by all Asian countries2 It is a voluntary and non-binding treaty which recognizes that the UN member State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk3 ‘Asian Regional Plan for Implementation of the Sendai Framework’ has been adopted in this conferenceSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only2B 1 amp 3C Only 1D 2 amp 3Ans D India is hosting the 2016 Asian Ministerial Conference for Disaster Risk Reduction AMCDRR from November 3 to 5 2016 in New Delhi This will be second time India hosting AMCDRR The conference will be hosted by Union Government in collaboration with the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction UNISDR Key Facts It will be first AMCDRR after advent of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction SFDRRR which was adopted at 3rd UN World Conference in Sendai Japan in March 2015 India by hosting AMCDRR re-affirms its commitment to the cause of Disaster Risk Reduction It will also set the direction of Sendai Framework implementation in the region The aim of the conference is to transform the commitments of governments and stakeholders during the Sendai Conference into national and local action AMCDRR 2016 will focus on consultation collaboration and partnership with governments and stakeholders to mainstream Disaster Risk Reduction DRR in the region It will adopt the ‘Asian Regional Plan for Implementation of the Sendai Framework’ endorsed by the Asian countries In this conference senior-level delegations from Asian countries representatives of UN bodies and Disaster Management experts will participate Background AMCDRR is a biennial conference jointly organized by different Asian countries and the UNISDR It was established in 2005 So far 6 AMCDRR conferences have been organised For the first time India had also hosted the second AMCDRR in 2007 in New Delhi About Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-30 It is an international Treaty that was approved by UN member states in March 2015 at the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai Japan It is a voluntary and non-binding treaty which recognizes that the UN member State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk It has framework for 15-year ie 2015 to 2020 It also calls for sharing the responsibility with other stakeholders including local government the private sector and other stakeholders It is successor of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015 which had been the most encompassing international accord on disaster risk reduction It sets of common standards a comprehensive framework with achievable targets and a legally-based instrument for disaster risk reduction It calls for adopting integrated and inclusive institutional measures for preventing vulnerability to disaster increase preparedness for response and recovery and strengthen resilience Four specific priorities of Sendai Framework: i Understanding disaster risk ii Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk iii Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience iv Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and recovery reconstruction and rehabilitation FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ77 Which among the following are the conventions of the recently ratified Paris agreement 1 Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels2 On the path of Kyoto Protocol it provides a specific division between developed and developing nations3 Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient developmentSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans A The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC dealing with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020 It was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 Earth Day at a ceremony in New York As of December 2016 194 UNFCCC members have signed the treaty 120 of which have ratified it After several European Union states ratified the agreement in October 2016 there were enough countries that had ratified the agreement that produce enough of the world’s greenhouse gases for the agreement to enter into force The agreement went into effect on 4 November 2016 The aim of the convention is described in Article 2 enhancing the implementation of the UNFCCC through: a Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 15 °C above pre-industrial levels recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change b Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production c Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development Difference between Paris agreement amp Kyoto Protocol : Kyoto Protocol differentiated between Annex-1 and non-Annex-1 countries this bifurcation is blurred in the Paris Agreement as all parties will be required to submit emissions reductions plans While the Paris Agreement still emphasizes the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility—the acknowledgement that different nations have different capacities and duties to climate action—it does not provide a specific division between developed and developing nations The Paris Agreement is open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the UNFCCC the Convention from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ76 With reference to the architectural styles consider the following statements :1 Neo-Gothic characterised by high-pitched roofs pointed arches and detailed decoration2 Gothic style had its roots in buildings especially churches built in northern Europe during the medieval period3 neo-Gothic style was revived in the mid-nineteenth century in England amp was adapted forBombaySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans CThe most spectacular example of the neo-Gothic style is the Victoria Terminus the station and headquarters of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway CompanyFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 8thQ75 With reference to the ancient period which among the following is/are correctly marched 1 Mobato : Village headman2 Pykars : Travelling traders3 Chapkan : Long button coatSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DQ74 Which one of the following is not identified by Central Pollution Control Board as heavily polluting industryA Pulp and paperB SugarC TeaD FertilizerAns CFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ73 With reference to the Guru Nanak consider the following statements 1 He advocated a form of nirguna bhakti2 Sacrifices ritual baths image worship austerities and the scriptures of both Hindus and Muslims were rejected by Guru NanakSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM ccrtindiagovinQ72 With reference to the Odissi dance consider the following statements : 1 Torso movement is an unique feature of the Odissi style 2 Lower half of the body remaining static the torso moves from one side to the other along the axis passing through the centre of the upper half of the body 3 There are certain foot positions with flat toe or heel contact 4 In addition to the leg movement there are a variety of gaits for doing pirouettes Which among the above statements are correctly matched A 134B 234 C 123 D 1234 Ans D Odissi is considered a dance of love joy and intense passion pure divine and human Over a period of time three schools of Odissi dance developed they are- Mahari Nartaki and Gotipau The Mahari system traces its roots in the Devadasi tradition The dance form of Odissi that developed in royal courts is called the Nartaki tradition In the Gotipau tradition of Odissi dance young boys dress up in female attires and enact female roles Before the 17th century Odissi dance was held in great esteem due to patronage and support of local rulers and nobles During this period even the royalty was expected to be accomplished dancers However the scenario changed after the 17th century The dancing girls were thought of as prostitutes and from here the social position of dancers began to decline During the colonial period too the position of Odissi dance suffered due to anti-nautch attitude of the British With India gaining independence there began great efforts to revive the classical Indian dances The government came to realize the role of cultural heritage in creating a national identity A number of people and experts took initiatives for the reconstruction and popularization of Odissi dance Some of the notable are Guru Deba Prasad Das Guru Mayadhar Raut Guru Pankaj Charan Das Guru Mahadev Rout Guru Raghu Dutta and Guru Kelu Charan Mahapatra One of the most distinguishing features of Odissi dance is the Tribhangi The notion of Tribhang divides the body into three parts head bust and torso The postures dealing with these three elements are called Tribhangi This concept has created the very characteristic poses which are more twisted than found in other classical Indian dances Mudra is also an important component of Odissi dance The term Mudra means stamp and is a hand position which suggests things Odissi themes are almost religious in nature and mostly revolve around Krishna Q71 Under which of the following conditions security deposits of a candidate contesting for a Lok Sabha seat is returned to him/her1 The nomination made by the candidate if found to be invalid2 The candidate has withdrawn his/her nomination even though it is found validWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BQ70 Consider the following statements :1 Rajya Sabha is not subject to dissolution2 Vice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and holds the office of the Vice-President of India for a period of six yearsWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AVice-President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and holds the office of the Vice-President of India for a period of five yearsFRAMED FROM HISTORY NEW NCERT CLASS 12thQ69 With reference to the ancient period who was/were dubashes 1 Dubashes were Indians who could speak two languages – the local language and English2 They worked as agents and merchants acting as intermediaries between Indian society and the BritishWhich among the above statements is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIA amp THE HINDU Q68 With reference to the Organ transplantation consider the following statements 1 Domino transplant allows all organ recipients to get a transplant even if their living donor is not a match to them2 Organ donation is possible even after brain amp cardiac death 3 In organ transplantation brain cannot be transplantedSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D All are correctAns D Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person’s own body to replace the recipient’s damaged or absent organ Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person’s body are called autografts Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allografts Allografts can either be from a living or cadaveric source Organs that can be transplanted are the heart kidneys liver lungs pancreas intestine and thymus Some organs like the brain cannot be transplanted Tissues include bones tendons both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts cornea skin heart valves nerves and veins Worldwide the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs followed by the liver and then the heart Cornea and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues these outnumber organ transplants by more than tenfold Organ donors may be living brain dead or dead via circulatory death Tissue may be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death as well as of brain death – up to 24 hours past the cessation of heartbeat Unlike organs most tissues with the exception of corneas can be preserved and stored for up to five years meaning they can be banked Transplantation raises a number of bioethical issues including the definition of death when and how consent should be given for an organ to be transplanted and payment for organs for transplantation Other ethical issues include transplantation tourism and more broadly the socio-economic context in which organ procurement or transplantation may occur A particular problem is organ trafficking Transplantation medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine Some of the key areas for medical management are the problems of transplant rejection during which the body has an immune response to the transplanted organ possibly leading to transplant failure and the need to immediately remove the organ from the recipient When possible transplant rejection can be reduced through serotyping to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient match and through the use of immunosuppressant drugs Autografts are the transplant of tissue to the same person Sometimes this is done with surplus tissue tissue that can regenerate or tissues more desperately needed elsewhere examples include skin grafts vein extraction for CABG etc Sometimes an autograft is done to remove the tissue and then treat it or the person before returning it examples include stem cell autograft and storing blood in advance of surgery In a rotationplasty a distal joint is used to replace a more proximal one typically a foot or ankle joint is used to replace a knee joint The person’s foot is severed and reversed the knee removed and the tibia joined with the femur FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIA amp THE HINDU Q67 With reference to the Bioprinting consider the following statements :1 Creation of fabricated structures that are identical to the natural structure that are found in the tissues and organs in the human body is one of the main approach of bioprinting2 Bio-ink is a material made from living as well as non-living cells in order to create a desired shape3 Combination of both biomimicry and self-assembly approaches are known as mini tissuesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans A 3D bioprinting is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies where cell function and viability are preserved within the printed constructGenerally 3D bioprinting utilizes the layer-by-layer method to create tissue-like structures that are later used in medical and tissue engineering fieldsBioprinting covers a broad range of materials Currently bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drugs and pills In addition 3D bioprinting has begun to incorporate the printing of scaffolds These scaffolds can be used to regenerate joints and ligaments The first patent related to this technology was filed in the United States in 2003 and granted in 2006 3D bioprinting for fabricating biological constructs typically involves dispensing cells onto a biocompatible scaffold using a successive layer-by-layer approach to generate tissue-like three-dimensional structures Artificial organs such as livers and kidneys made by 3D bioprinting have been shown to lack crucial elements that affect the body such as working blood vessels tubules for collecting urine and the growth of billions of cells required for these organs Without these components the body has no way to get the essential nutrients and oxygen deep within their interiors The first approach of bioprinting is called biomimicry The main goal of this approach is to create fabricated structures that are identical to the natural structure that are found in the tissues and organs in the human body This approach relies on the physical process of embryonic organ development then replicates the tissues by using this process as a model The third approach of bioprinting is a combination of both the biomimicry and self-assembly approaches which is called mini tissues Organs and tissues are built from very small functional components Mini-tissue approach takes these small pieces and manufacture and arrange them into larger frameworkThis approach uses two different strategies The first strategy is when self-assembling cell spheres are arranged into large scaled tissues by using natural designs as a guide The second strategy is when designing precise high quality reproductions of a tissue and allowing them to self-assemble into large scaled functional tissue The mixture of these strategies is required to print a complex three dimensional biological structure Bio-ink is a material made from living cells that behaves much like a liquid allowing people to print it in order to create a desired shape To make bio-ink scientists create a slurry of cells that can be loaded into a cartridge and inserted into a specially designed printer along with another cartridge containing a gel known as bio-paperPotential uses for bio-ink include creating sheets of skin for skin grafts and vascular tissues to replace veins and arteries In bioprinting there are three major types of printers that have been used These are inkjet laser-assisted and extrusion printers Inkjet printers are mainly used in bioprinting for fast and large-scale products One type of inkjet printer called drop-on-demand inkjet printer prints materials in exact amounts minimizing cost and wastePrinters that utilize lasers provide high-resolution printing however these printers are often expensive Extrusion printers print cells layer-by-layer just like 3D printing to create 3D constructs In addition to just cells extrusion printers may also use hydrogels infused with cells In early 2015 3-D printing techniques expanded to include materials such as graphene a material possessing unique properties such as high levels of strength rather than only plastics FRAMED FROM INVESTOPEDIAQ66 Recently Bulldog bonds are in news with reference to these bonds consider the following statements :1 These are purchased from the sterling bonds in order to earn revenue 2 These bonds are similar to the Yankee bonds which can be sold to raise capital3 US investors are restricted to purchase this bond as these are traded in United kingdomSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3 B Only 3C 1 amp 2D Only 1Ans C A type of bond purchased by buyers interested in earning a revenue stream from the British pound or sterling A bulldog bond is traded in the United Kingdom If the revenue is used to reduce debt also in British pounds the exchange rate risk is decreased These bonds are issued by non-British institutions that want to sell the bond in the United Kingdom US investors can also purchase this bond but by doing so they take on the risk of the change in value of the sterling |
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FROM 643361467 -RAUL VALENBERG SUGAR OR SALT BOTH LOOK WHITE HOW WOULD U KNOW BELKA UNLESS U STASTE IT ISNT IT -gt AND BTW YONI OF SHIVA MEANS SHIVA LING OR LING C FOR CPULATED Y FOR YONI MAADRCHOD C FOR CLICK C FOR C SPACE LICK – C FOR CLIKK THIS AND C FOR C AND PLUS LICK THIS : THIS C FOR CLICK SHOWN HERE VIA GOGLE MENS KATRINA KAIF AND BLACK NIGGER EONE YEED KACK IN LODON ORN PRODUCRE C FOR C U N WORD AND T FOR TIME – AND CLIKED OR LC LIKED AND RUSSIA LOOK ALIKE AND ORN AND SNEHA LOOK ALIKE OF AISHWARYA RAI THEN NOT ABCHAHCHAN BUT WAS CALELD WHAT IN RUSHSIAN BATHROOM SO HERE IS MOHAMMAD REZAK AND ZELNOGRAD AND WHAT C FOR CLOTHING SEE – SKIN AND WHAT ELSE IS THIS CALELD NARENDRA MODI AND SANJAY DUTT AND OPRAH AND AMITABH BAHCHAN AND Z FOR ZELNIGRAD CALELD SQUIIREL MENS VULGARIS AND IN SANSKRIT SALT IS CLIKED BY – SQUIRREL CLALED KODAD VAILAMA LAVDUM CHADYTI – HOW IS MY – SANSKIRT AND LADUDI KA PALLU AND LAUDE DETI HAI YAH NAHIN HARRY AND EMGHAN DRICING TO BTW KATRINA UKAIF IS KATRUNA TORCOTTE OR TURQUOTTE MICHELLE OBAMA AND NEW YORK AND LONDON MOTHEREUFKRES IS HER FATEHR REALLY FROM KASHMIR MDARCHOD – WHERE IS AYESHA SHROFF AND KACKIE SHROFF SANJAY |
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In addition to our focus within the United States we are especially interested in dissemination activities within the following countries: Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Caribbean Netherlands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos Keeling Islands Colombia Comoros Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d’Ivoire Croatia Curacao Cyprus Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and McDonald Islands Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia FYROM Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Burma Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Islands Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of the Congo Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Helena Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Sint Maarten Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Bahamas The Gambia Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna Yemen Zambia and Zimbabwe |
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Henri Bellech-ose Brabant active in Dijon 1415-Dijon 1440/44  Henri De Braekeleer Belgian Painter 1840-1888 Belgian painter was born at Antwerp He was trained by his father a genre painter and his uncle Baron Henri Leys and devoted himself to scenes of everyday Antwerp life The first pictures he exhibited The Laundry Van Cutsem collection Brussels and The Coppersmith’s Workshop Vleeshouwer collection Antwerp were shown at the Antwerp exhibition in 1861 He received the gold medal at Brussels in 1872 for The Geographer and The Lesson both in the Brussels gallery the gold medal at Vienna in 1873 for The Painter’s Studio and Grandmother’s Birthday and the medal of honor at the Exposition Universelle at Amsterdam for The Pilot House Among his more notable works are A Shoemaker 1862 A Tailor’s Workroom 1863 A Gardener 1864 Antwerp gallery Interior of a Church 1866 Interior Flanders 1867 Woman Spinning 1869 Man Reading 1871 Theruedu Serment Antwerp 1875 A Copperplate Printer The Sailor’s Return The Man at the Window Couteaux collection Brussels The Horn-blower Couteaux collection Man Retouching a Picture Couteaux collection The Potters Marlier collection Brussels Staircase in the Hydraulic House at Antwerp Marlier collection and The Brewer’s House at Antwerp Marlier collection The last better known as A Man Sitting is generally regarded as his masterpiece As a lithographer and etcher his work resembles that of Henri Leys  Henrique Bernardelli painted Portrait of the painter Pedro Weingartner in 1858 – 1936  Henry Bacon 1839-1922 Henry Bacon Gallery Henry Bacon was born in Watseka Illinois to father civil engineer Henry Bacon and mother Elizabeth Kelton Bacon both of Massachusetts Bacon was largely raised in Wilmington NC where his father settled down and served as a government engineer in charge of the Cape Fear River improvements At age 15 Henry Bacon was sent north to Boston’s Chauncey Hall School In 1884 he matriculated at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign but left within a year to launch an architectural career in the office of Chamberlin amp Whidden in Boston as a draftsman Bacon was soon hired into the office of famed McKim Mead amp White in New York City the best-known American architectural firm of its time While at McKim Mead amp White MMW Bacon won in 1889 the Rotch Traveling Scholarship for architectural students which gave him two years of study and travel in Europe learning and drawing details of Roman and Greek architecture as far afield as Turkey where he met his future wife Laura Florence Calvert daughter of a British Consul He traveled with another fellowship student Albert Kahn who would become a leading industrial architect Returning to the US he spent a few more years with his mentor McKim working on projects like the Rhode Island State House in Providence Rhode Island and serving as McKim’s personal representative in Chicago during the World’s Fair in Chicago where MMW was at work designing certain buildings for the World’s Fair In 1897 Bacon left the office of McKim Mead amp White MMW to found with a younger MMW architect James Brite a new partnership Brite and Bacon Architects where Brite was in charge of financial administrative and contracting aspects of the partnership while Henry Bacon was in charge of the architectural design and construction The partnership immediately won the competition for the Jersey City Public Library the Hall of History for the American University at Washington DC and thereafter built a good number of public buildings and a small number of private residences The partnership was selected to build two private residences in 1897 the “La Fetra Mansion” in Summit New Jersey and a three-story Georgian mansion “Laurel Hill” in Columbia NC The “La Fetra Mansion” was completed by the partnership sometime during 1899 to 1900 and published in the September 1901 issue of The Architecture the pre-eminent architectural professional journal of its time The LeFetra Mansion fully exhibits Bacon’s Greek and Roman architectural predilections his simple austere elegant lines and his skill in dimensions and proportions that give rise to a feeling of the presence of divine spirituality peaceful tranquility and a sense of divine protection While the La Fetra Mansion in Summit NJ bears Bacon’s signature style the Georgian Mansion “Laurel Hill” was most probably designed by Brite  Henry Benbridge Henry Benbridge born October 1743 died February 1812 early American portrait painter was born in Philadelphia the only child of James and Mary Clark Benbridge When he was seven years old his mother who had been left a widow was married to Thomas Gordon a wealthy Scot The boy’s artistic talent was encouraged He made decorative designs for his stepfather’s drawing-room which were much admired When he was fourteen years old he may have watched John Wollaston paint Gordon’s portrait It has been plausibly argued that young Benbridge had instruction from Wollaston since his earliest known portrait that of his half-sister Rebecca Gordon “seems to hark back to Wollaston” When he was 21 Benbridge was sent to Italy where he studied with Pompeo Batoni and Anton Raphael Mengs In 1769 on commission from James Boswell biographer of Dr Samuel Johnson he made a portrait of Pasquale Paoli in Corsica which he took to London It was exhibited 1769 at the Free Society of Artists and from it three mezzotints were scraped and published with the artist’s name signed “Bembridge” Like other young Americans he was encouraged by Benjamin West He wrote on December 7 1769 to his stepfather: “Upon my arrival I waited upon Mr West who received me with a sort of brotherly affection as did my cousin Mrs West” Impelled apparently by a longing to rejoin his family he left England in 1770 bearing from West the following note of recommendation to Francis Hopkinson: “By Mr Benbridge you will receive these few lines You will find him an Ingenous artist and an agreeable Companion His merit in the art must procure him great incouragement and much esteem I deare say it will give you great pleasure to have an ingenous artist resident amongst you” Elizabeth Ann Timothy Mrs William Williamson watercolor on ivory of 1775In Philadelphia Benbridge married a Miss Sage and was admitted on January 18 1771 to membership in the American Philosophical Society of which Benjamin Franklin was a founder He painted the large portrait of the Gordon family with six figures one of his masterpieces Suffering however from asthma he sought a more congenial climate and moved to Charleston South Carolina where he succeeded Jeremiah Theus d May 18 1774 as the popular portrait painter of South Carolina There he made many likenesses of southern men and women several of which have been popularly attributed to John Singleton Copley an artist who never painted in the South and who left America in 1774 Around 1800 Benbridge settled in Norfolk Virginia whence he made frequent visits to his native city At Norfolk he gave to Thomas Sully his first lessons in oil painting He had previously instructed Thomas Coram of Charleston Sully describes his master as “a portly man of good address – gentlemanly in his deportment” Benbridge’s health is said by Hart to have declined in middle age Dunlap’s assertion that his last years were passed “in obscurity and poverty” has been disputed  Henry Burn British Painter and Engraver 1807-1884  Henry Charles Bryant 1835 – 1915 was a popular painter of portraits and landscapes specialising in farmyard and market scenes which were noted for their great attention to detail He worked mainly in London and exhibited frequently between 1860 and 1880 at the Royal Academy the British Institution and the Royal Society of British Artists His paintings are highly sought after todayHe died at 49 Derby Road Portsmouth in January 1915Obituary:- Hampshire Telegraph amp Post January 8 1915  Henry George HineRI 1811-1895  Henry Perronet Briggs British Painter ca1791-1844  Henry Richard S Bunnett 1845 -1910 David Ross McCord 1844-1930 commissioned Henry Richard S Bunnett 1845-1910 to paint over 200 oil paintings between 1885 and 1889 The works depicted buildings views and places around Quebec that McCord felt were of historical importance  Henry William Beechey Sir Henry William Beechey 12 December 1753 – 28 January 1839 English portrait-painter was born at Burford the son of William Beechey 1732 and Hannah Read c1732 He was originally meant for a conveyancer but a strong love for painting induced him to become a pupil at the Royal Academy in 1772 Some of his smaller portraits gained him considerable reputation he began to be employed by the nobility and in 1793 became associate of the Royal Academy In the same year he was made portrait-painter to Queen Charlotte His work has been described as relatively sober He painted the portraits of the members of the royal family and of nearly all the most famous or fashionable persons of the time What is considered his finest production is a review of cavalry a large composition in the foreground of which he introduced portraits of George III the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York surrounded by a brilliant staff on horseback Among his portraits were those of Lord Nelson John Kemble and Sarah Siddons George III and the Prince of Wales reviewing troops was painted in 1798 and obtained for the artist the honour of knighthood and his election as RA member of the Academy This painting was destroyed in the 1992 Windsor Castle fire  Heronymus Bosch Bois-le-Duc ca 1450-1516  Herri met de Bles also known as Herri de Dinant Herry de Patinir and Civetta c 1510 – c 1555 – 1560 was a Flemish Northern Renaissance and Mannerist landscape painter He is also defined as a eeMosan landscape painter active during the second third of the 16thcentury ie second generation of landscape paintersee Very little is positively known about the artist He is believed to be a certain Herry de Patenir who joined Antwerp’s Guild of St Luke in 1535 as a painter and is also believed to be a court painter for the d’Este Dukes of Ferrara where he ended his career known as “Il Civetta” He contributed along with his possible-uncle Joachim Patinir to a distinct style of Northern Renaissance landscape painting that combined small history or religious scenes into compositions defined by perspective and atmospheric effects Also along with a group of Antwerp-based followers of Hieronymus Bosch that included Jan Mandyn Pieter Huys and Jan Wellens de Cock Met de Bles continued the tradition of fantastic imagery into northern Mannerism  Hieronymus Bosch Netherlandish Northern Renaissance Painter ca1450-1516 Flemish painter His surname was originally van Aeken Bosch refers to ‘s Hertogenbosch where he was born and worked Little is known of his life and training although it is clear that he belonged to a family of painters His paintings executed in brilliant colors and with an uncanny mastery of detail are filled with strangely animated objects bizarre plants and animals and monstrous amusing or diabolical figures believed to have been suggested by folk legends allegorical poems moralizing religious literature and aspects of late Gothic art Such works as the Garden of Earthly Delights Prado appear to be intricate allegories their symbolism however is obscure and has consistently defied unified interpretation Bosch clearly had an interest in the grotesque the diabolical the exuberant and the macabre He also may have been the first European painter to depict scenes of everyday life although often with a strong element of the bizarre King Philip II of Spain collected some of his finest creations The Temptation of St Anthony Lisbon and The Last Judgment were recurring themes Other examples of his art may be seen in the Escorial and in Brussels Examples of the Adoration of the Magi are in the Metropolitan Museum and in the Philadelphia Museum which also has the Mocking of Christ Bosch who deeply influenced the work of Peter Bruegel the Elder was hailed in the 20th cent as a forerunner of the surrealists and his work continues to influence many contemporary artists  Hildegard of Bingen 1098-1179German composer abbess and mystic Her writings include much lyrical and dramatic poetry which has survived with monophonic music The Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum contains musical settings of 77 poems arranged according to the liturgical calendar The poetry is laden with imagery and the music based on a few formulaic melodic patterns is in some respects highly individual Her morality play Ordo virtutum contains 82 melodies in a more syllabic style  Hipolito Boaventura Caron painted Arredores de Paris in 1887  Hippolyte Berteaux 1843 – 1928  Hippolyte Boulenger 1837 – 1874 was a Belgian landscape painter influenced by the French Barbizon school considered to be “the Belgian Corot” Hippolyte Boulenger was born to French parents in Tournai in 1837 He spent his youth in Tournai and lived in Paris between 1850 and 1853 where he studied drawing In 1853 after he became an orphan he went to Brussels to work at a design atelier In the evening he studied at the Academie Royale des Beaux-Arts with Joseph Quinaux a landscape painter He met portrait painter Camille Van Camp in 1863 who became a mentor and mecenas He showed his first painting in the Brussels Salon the same year Boulenger went to Tervuren in 1864 and called round him a group of likeminded painters gathered there the School van Tervuren a Belgian version of the Barbizon school of which he became the leading artist At the time his leading model was Jean-François Millet although his later work was closer to that of Corot By 1866 he was famous in Belgian art circles He married in 1868 and moved to Zaventem but returned to Tervuren in 1870 These years were his best and most fruitful period with eg the painting De oude Haagbeukdreef Tervuren which won him the Gold Medal of the 1872 Salon of Brussels In this period he travelled in Belgium and abroad painting along the River Meuse It was his suggestion that led to the creation of the Societe Libre des Beaux-Arts an art circle of young Belgian artists including Alfred Verwee Felicien Rops and Constantin Meunier with honorary members from abroad like Corot and Millet but also Honore Daumier Gustave Courbet and Willem Maris By 1869 he began to suffer from epilepsy Coupled with alcohol abuse this led to an early death in 1874 in a hotel in Brussels  Hugh Bolton Jones American Painter 1848-1927  Hugh Henry Breckenridge 1870-1937 Hugh Henry Breckenridge Galleries  Hugo Birger Swedish 1854-1887 Swedish painter He studied at the Konstakademi in Stockholm from 1871 to 1877 In 1877 he went to Paris and then spent the summer of 1878 at Barbizon with Carl Larsson among others There he painted several spontaneous plein-air paintings such as Rue Gabrielle 1879 Goteborg Kstmus in which the grey tones are contrasted realistically with exquisite colours He also painted scenes of Parisian life such as The Toilette 1880 two sketches in Stockholm Nmus which aroused the interest of his contemporaries when it was exhibited at the Salon that year Birger art was always conventional in style allied to French salon painting He was a master of technique and a brilliant subject painter creating such scenes as In the Bower c 1880 Stockholm Nmus  Hugo Briger 1854-1887  Isidoro Bianchi Isidoro Bianchi called da Campione 20 July 1581 Campione d’Italia Lombardy – 5 December 1662 was an Italian painter of the Baroque period He was born in Campione d’Italia Lombardy and was active c 1626 He studied under Pietro Francesco Mazzuchelli He excelled in fresco painting for the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio at Milan and in different churches at Como The Duke of Savoy chose him to finish a grand saloon at Rivoli which had been left unfinished at the death of Mazzuchelli who had commenced it Bianchi was afterwards made painter to the Court and was knighted in 1631  Ivan Berezin Ivan Berezin 1721-1784  Ivan Bilibin Russian 16 August OS 4 August 1876 – 7 February 1942 was a 20th-century illustrator and stage designer who took part in the Mir iskusstva and contributed to the Ballets Russes Throughout his career he was inspired by Slavic folklore Ivan Bilibin was born in a suburb of St Petersburg He studied in 1898 at Anton Ažbe Art School in Munich then under Ilya Repin in St Peterburg In 1902-1904 Bilibin travelled in the Russian North where he became fascinated with old wooden architecture and Russian folklore He published his findings in the monograph Folk Arts of the Russian North in 1904 Another influence on his art was traditional Japanese prints Bilibin gained renown in 1899 when he released his illustrations of Russian fairy tales During the Russian Revolution of 1905 he drew revolutionary cartoons He was the designer for the 1909 premiere production of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov’s The Golden Cockerel The October Revolution however proved alien to him After brief stints in Cairo and Alexandria he settled in Paris in 1925 There he took to decorating private mansions and Orthodox churches He still longed for his homeland and after decorating the Soviet Embassy in 1936 he returned to Soviet Russia He delivered lectures in the Soviet Academy of Arts until 1941 Bilibin died during the Siege of Leningrad  J B Armand Guillaumin 1841-1927 Born Jean-Baptiste Armand Guillaumin in Paris France he worked at his uncle’s lingerie shop while attending evening drawing lessons He also worked for a French government railway before studying at the Academie Suisse in 1861 There he met Paul Czanne and Camille Pissarro with whom maintained lifelong friendships While he never achieved the stature of these two his influence on their work was significant Czanne attempted his first etching based on Guillaumin paintings of barges on the River Seine Guillaumin exhibited at the Salon des Refuss in 1863 and later became a friend of 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Victor Borisov-Musatov Russian April 14 OS April 2 1870 – November 8 OS October 26 1905 was a Russian painter prominent for his unique Post-Impressionistic style that mixed Symbolism pure decorative style and realism Together with Mikhail Vrubel he is often referred as the creator of Russian Symbolism style Victor Musatov was born in Saratov Russia he added the last name Borisov later His father was a minor railway official who had been born as a serf In his childhood he suffered a spinal injury which made him humpbacked for the rest of his life In 1884 he entered Saratov real school where his talents as an artist were discovered by his teachers Fedor Vasiliev and Konovalov He was enrolled in the Moscow School of Painting Sculpture and Architecture in 1890 transferring the next year to the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint-Petersburg where he was a pupil of Pavel Chistyakov The damp climate of Saint-Petersburg was not good for Victor’s health and in 1893 he was forced to return to Moscow and re-enroll to the Moscow School of painting sculpturing and architecture His earlier works like May flowers 1894 were labelled decadent by the school administration who sharply criticised him for making no distinction between the girls and the apple trees in his quest for a decorative effect The same works however were praised by his peers who considered him to be the leader of the new art movement The Pool 1902In 1895 Victor once again left Moscow School of painting sculpturing and architecture and enrolled in Fernand Cormon’s school in Paris He studied there for three years returning in summer months to Saratov He was fascinated by the art of his French contemporaries and especially by the paintings of “the father of French Symbolism” Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and by the work of Berthe Morisot In 1898 Borisov-Musatov returned to Russia and almost immediately fell into what it is called “fin de siecle nostalgia” He complained about “the cruel the truly iron age” “dirt and boredom” “devil’s bog” and he had acute money problems that were somewhat alleviated only in the last years of his life when collectors started to buy his paintings Musatov’s response was creating a half-illusory world of the 19th century nobility their parks and country-seats This world was partially based on the estate of princes Prozorvky-Galitzines Zubrilovka and partially just on Musatov’s imagination Borisov-Musatov also abandoned oil-paintings for the mixed tempera and watercolor and pastel techniques that he found more suitable for the subtle visual effects he was trying to create  Victor Boucquet Victor Boucquet a Flemish painter was born at Veurne in 1619 He was the son of Marcus Boucquet a painter little known Descamps supposes he must have visited Italy as his works exhibit a manner that partakes little of the taste of his country He painted historical subjects and was also esteemed as a portrait painter His works are distributed in the different churches of the towns in Flanders They are well composed and like those of most of the artists of his country are well coloured In the great church of Nieuport are two altar-pieces by this master one of which representing ‘The Death of St Francis’ is particularly admired and in the town-house there is a large picture by him considered as his principal work representing ‘The Judgment of Cambyses’ The principal altar-piece in the church at Ostend is by Boucquet: it represents the Taking down from the Cross He died at Furnes in 1677  Vincenzo Giacomelli Italian 1841-1890  VITALE DA BOLOGNA Italian Gothic Era Painter b 1289/1309 Bologna d 1359/69 Bologna  Vladimir Baranov-Rossine 1888C1944 was a Russian-Ukrainian painter avant-garde artist Cubo-Futurist and inventor of Jewish ethnicity Vladimir Baranov-Rossine was born in Kherson Ukraine to parents of Jewish ethnicity In 1902 he studied at the School of the Society for the Furthering of the Arts in St Petersburg From 1903 to 1907 he attended the Imperial Academy of Arts in St Petersburg In 1908 he exhibited with the group Zveno “The Link” in Kiev organized by the artist David Burliuk and his brother Wladimir Burliuk In 1910 he moved to Paris wher until 1914 he was a resident in the artist’s colony La Ruche together with Alexander Archipenko Sonia Delaunay-Terk Nathan Altman and others He exhibited regularly in Paris after 1911 He returned to Russia in 1914 In 1916 he had a solo exhibition in Oslo In 1918 he had exhibits with the union of artists Mir Iskusstva “World of Art” in Petrograd StPetersburg In the same year he had an exhibition with the group Jewish Society for the Furthering of the Arts in Moscow together with Nathan Altman El Lissitzky and David Shterenberg He participated at the First State Free Art Exhibition in Petrograd in 1919 In 1922 Baranov-Rossine was the teacher at the Higher Artistic-Technical Workshops VKhUTEMAS in Moscow In 1924 he had the first presentation of his optophonic piano during a performance at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow – a synaesthetic instrument that was capable of creating sounds and coloured lights patterns and textures simultaneously  Vladimir Borovikovsky 1757-1825Russian painter of Ukrainian birth Along with Fyodor Rokotov and Dmitry Levitsky Borovikovsky is one of the three great Russian portrait painters of the second half of the 18th century He was trained by his father and brothers who were icon painters His early works were also icons such as the Mother of God 1784 Kiev Mus Ukrain A and King David 1785 St Petersburg Rus Mus they are archaic in style and resemble portraits produced by Ukrainian folk artists At the end of the 1780s Borovikovsky moved to St Petersburg and took up portrait painting He was aided by advice from Levitsky and took lessons from Johann Baptist Lampi i He soon became established gaining a reputation as a brilliant colourist and he received many commissions Throughout his career however he continued to paint icons from time to time In 1795 he became a member of the St Petersburg Academy of Arts he was also closely connected with many of the chief exponents of Russian culture in the city The number of his surviving works is large at least 400 portraits He had his own workshop and he would often rely on assistants to paint the less important parts of a portrait His sitters included members of the imperial family courtiers generals many aristocrats and figures from the Russian artistic and literary worlds Most of his portraits are intimate in style A particularly touching example is the portrait of Ol ga Filippova the wife of a close friend c 1790 St Petersburg Rus Mus who is seen in a white peignoir with a park in the background The portrait is painted in a flowing style the combination of light subdued tones typical of Borovikovsky gives an impression of tender femininity and quiet contemplation  Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky Russian: July 24 OS 1757 – April 6 OS 1825 was a Ukrainian-born painter who dominated Russian portraiture at the turn of the 19th century ladimir Borovikovsky was born dymyr Borovyk in Myrhorod now Ukraine on July 24 1757 His father Luka Borovyk was a Ukrainian Cossack and an amateur icon painter According to the family tradition all four of Borovyk’s sons served in Myrhorod regiment but Volodymyr retired early at the rank of poruchik and devoted his life to art mostly icon painting for local churches Borovikovsky may have lived the remainder his life as an amateur painter in a provincial town if not for an unexpected event His friend Vasyl Kapnist was preparing an accommodation for Empress Catherine II in Kremenchuk during her travel to newly conquered Crimea Kapnist asked Borovikovsky to paint two allegoric paintings Peter I of Russia and Catherine II as peasants sowing seeds and Catherine II as a Minerva for her rooms The paintings so pleased the Empress that she requested that the painter move to Saint Petersburg Portrait of Maria Lopukhina 1797After September 1788 Borovikovsky lived in Saint Petersburg where he changed his surname from the Cossack “Borovyk” to the more aristocratic-sounding “Borovikovsky” For his first ten years in Saint Petersburg he lived in the house of the poet architect musician and art theorist Prince Nikolay Lvov whose ideas strongly influenced Borovikovsky’s art At 30-years-old he was too old to attend Imperial Academy of Arts so he took private lessons from Dmitry Levitzky and later from Austrian painter Johann Baptist Lampi  Wilhelm Bendz March 20 1804 C November 14 1832 Danish genre and portrait painter is one of the main personages associated with the Golden  Wilhelm Busch 1832 a German caricaturist painter and poet who is known for his satirical picture stories After studying first mechanical engineering and then art in Dusseldorf Antwerpen and Munich he turned to drawing caricatures One of his first picture stories Max and Moritz published in 1865 was a huge success Max and Moritz as well as many of his other picture stories are regarded as one of the main precursors of the modern comic strip Max and Moritz for instance has been an inspiration for the Katzenjammer Kids Wilhelm Busch also wrote a number of poems in a similar style to his picture stories Besides that he produced more than 1000 oil paintings that weren’t sold before his death in 1908 He was also active as a sculptor  Wilhelm Ferdinand Bendz March 20 1804 – November 14 1832 Danish genre and portrait painter is one of the main personages associated with the Golden Age of Danish Painting He was educated at the Royal Danish Academy of Art Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi in Copenhagen from 1820 to 1825 winning both silver medals but never the gold prize He studied under professor Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg but may at the same time have acquired some knowledge of contemporary German painting Today he is mainly remembered for his many technically accomplished portraits though his ambition most of all ran towards a refined fusion of portrait genre scene and allegorical history painting His technical virtuosity is particularly visible in his depictions of the play of light cast from an obscured source and the resulting shadows During his travel to Italy – which also brought him a one-year stay in Munich – he caught a sickness to the lungs and died at the age of 28 in 1832  Willam Bartram American naturalist and talented artist 1739-1823  Willem Bastiaan Tholen was a Dutch painter draftsman and printmaker born in Amsterdam 13 Feb 1860 died in The Hague 5 Dec 1931 He came from an artistic family who lived in Kampen from 1864 There he developed at an early age a lasting love of the Zuiderzee In Kampen he became friendly with the young Jan Voerman they entered the Amsterdam academy together in 1876 where Tholen studied under August Allebe Subsequently he learned technical drawing at the Polytechnische School in Delft until 1878 Thereafter he spent three months in the studio of Paul Gabriël in Brussels from whom he received his first real instruction in painting In the following years Gabriël’s advice was of particular importance for Tholen as they worked together en plein air for many summers near Kampen and Giethoorn among other places In Gouda 1878-9 and Kampen 1880-85 he taught draftsmanship in order to support himself but after 1885 concentrated entirely on his own work From 1887 he lived in The Hague where he became friendly with the painters of The Hague school He took an active part in the artistic life of The Hague and was a member of the Pulchri Studio  Willem Bodeman painted Italianate landscape in 1847  Willem Buytewech 1591-1624 Dutch Willem Buytewech Locations Dutch painter draughtsman and etcher Although he was born and died in Rotterdam stylistically he belongs to the generation of young artists working in Haarlem at the beginning of the 17th century He was nicknamed Geestige Willem Dut: inventive or witty Willem by his contemporaries and during his short career he made an important and highly personal contribution to the new approach to realism in Dutch art He was one of the first to paint interiors with merry companies see CONVERSATION PIECE and is primarily known for his lively and spontaneous drawings and etchings on a wide range of subjects  Willem Pieterszoon Buytewech 1591/1592 Rotterdam – September 23 1624 Rotterdam was a Dutch painter draughtsman and etcher of the Golden Age He is often considered the “inventor” of Dutch genre painting For his preference of irony his contemporaries named him Gheestige Willem Jolly or spiritual William Buytewech was the son of Pieter Jacobsz a cobbler and candlemaker He learned his trade in Haarlem where he became a member of the artists’ guild Haarlem Guild of St Luke in 1612 together with Hercules Segers and Esaias van de Velde1 Frans Hals who was a member of this guild since 1610 had much influence on Buytenwech’s work as shown by the many drawings that the latter made after Hals’s paintings After his marriage on November 10 1613 with Aeltje van Amerongen of a patrician family he returned to Rotterdam There Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh was one of his pupils Buytewech was primarily a graphic artist mostly of landscapes and genre pieces but occasionally also of biblical and allegorical themes Of his paintings only eight have survived to this date all genre pieces most depicting merry companies Willem Buytewech’s Merry CompanyHe died at the age of only 32 or 33 of unrecorded causes His son Willem Willemsz Buytewech 1625-1670 born after his death would become a painter as well  Willem Van Bemmel Utrecht 10 June 1630 – Nuremberg 20 December 1708 was a Dutch Golden Age painter active in Germany Van Bemmel was a student of Herman Saftleven in Utrecht He made a Grand Tour to Rome spending first the years 1647-9 in Venice where he became famous for his landscapes He stayed in Rome for six years and was a member of the Bentvueghels From Rome he crossed the Alps to Nuremberg where he became a successful painter of Italianate landscapes In 1656 he moved to Kassel He was the father of the German Von Bemmel painting family  William Barak Australian Aboriginal ca1824-1903 was the last traditional ngurungaeta elder of the Wurundjeri-willam clan based around the area of present-day Melbourne Australia He became an influential spokesman for Aboriginal social justice and an important informant on Wurundjeri cultural lore Barak was born in the early 1820s at Brushy Creek near present-day Croydon in the country of the Wurundjeri people His mother Tooterrie came from the Nourailum bulluk at Murchison Victoria His father Bebejern was an important member of the Wurundjeri clan Beruk was said to have been present when John Batman met with the tribal elders to ‘purchase’ the Melbourne area in 1835 Before he died he described witnessing the signing of the treaty in a ceremony he called a tanderem Ninggalobin Poleorong and Billibellary were the leading song makers and principal Wurundjeri leaders in the Melbourne region European colonisation had caused disruptions to initiation ceremonies In response these three men gathered at South Yarra in the late 1830s and inducted the young William Barak into Aboriginal lore This entailed formally presenting Barak with the symbols of manhood: strips of possumskin tied around his biceps the gombert around his neck given his ilbi-jerri a sharp and narrow bone or nose-peg and his branjep the apron worn by men to cover their genitals At the end of the ceremony Barack presented his uncle Billibellary a possumskin cloak Beruk attended the government’s Yarra Mission School from 1837 to 1839 When he joined the Native Mounted Police in 1844 he was given the name of William Barak He was Police Trooper No19 In early 1863 Barak moved to Coranderrk Station near Healesville Victoria with about thirty others Upon the death of Simon Wonga in 1875 Barak became the Ngurungaeta of the clan He worked tirelessly for his people and was a successful negotiator on their behalf He was a highly respected man and leader with standing amongst the Indigenous people and the European settlers Figures in possum-skin cloaks 1898 by William BarakBarak is now best remembered for his artworks which show both traditional Indigenous life and encounters with Europeans Most of Barak’s drawings were completed at Coranderrk during the 1880s and 1890s They are now highly prized and exhibited in leading public galleries in Australia His work is on permanent display in the National Gallery of Victoria Ian Potter Centre at Federation Square Melbourne Ceremony 1895 is housed at the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery Barak died at Coranderrk in 1903 and is buried at the Coranderrk cemetery  William Barraud British 19th  William Bell Scott 1811-1890 Brother of David Scott He trained at the Trustees’ Academy in Edinburgh and was taught engraving by his father He saw the family print workshop as ‘the lineal descendant of Albert Derer’s factory in Nernberg’ he was later to own a fine collection of Drer’s prints and write a book about him 1870 In 1837 he went to London where he was impressed by ‘a new and interesting school of historical and loosely speaking inventive and illustrative painters’ This encouraged him to leave landscape painting for the time being and become a history painter Like his brother he entered a cartoon for the Westminster Hall competition in 1842: the Free North Britons Surprising the Roman Wall between the Tyne and Solway this too was unsuccessful In 1843 discouraged by lack of patronage in London he accepted the Mastership of the Government School of Design at Newcastle upon Tyne where he stayed for 20 years visiting London each summer  William Berczy December 10 1744 Wallerstein near Noerdlingen Germany – February 5 1813 New York City USA was a German pioneer and painter Born in Swabia Germany as a son of the Wirklicher Hofrat Albrecht Theodor Moll and Johanna Josepha Walpurga Moll nee Hefele he was originally named Johann Albrecht Ulrich Moll but later changed his name He studied at the Akademie der bildenden Kenste in Vienna and at the University of Jena in Saxony His early career was spent in several European countries including Italy meeting with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Florence and England where he exhibited at the Royal Academy In 1792 he sailed for the Americas setting up a business in York now – since 1834 – Toronto a couple of years later He also worked in Quebec Although best known for his portraits he also carried out religious paintings and architectural work including plans for Christ Church Cathedral in Montreal in 1803 and was a surveyor  William Blair Bruce Canadian Painter 1859-1906  William Blake 1757-1827 British William Blake Galleries William Blake started writing poems as a boy many of them inspired by religious visions Apprenticed to an engraver as a young man Blake learned skills that allowed him to put his poems and drawings together on etchings and he began to publish his own work Throughout his life he survived on small commissions never gaining much attention from the London art world His paintings were rejected by the public he was called a lunatic for his imaginative work but he had a profound influence on Romanticism as a literary movement  William Blamire Young English Australian artist 1862-1935 known as Blamire Young was an English Australian artist Young was born at Londesborough Yorkshire the second son of a family of 12 His father Colonel Young came of prosperous yeoman stock Blamire Young was educated at the Forest School Walthamstow where he received a classical training and going on to Cambridge University specialized in mathematics That he completed his course with no better than third-class honours was no doubt partly caused by his discovery of the print collection in the Fitzwilliam Museum and his association with the Cambridge Fine Art Society It had been intended that he should become a clergyman but Young felt that he had no vocation for that work and obtained the position of mathematical master at Katoomba College Katoomba New South Wales which had been founded by John Walter Fletcher in 1884 Young remained at the school for eight years In his spare time he practised painting and meeting Phil May received some instruction from him in painting in oil In 1893 he returned to England and after working for a few months under Hubert von Herkomer became associated with James Pryde and William Nicholson in poster work In 1895 Young returned to Australia and with the Lindsay brothers and Harry Weston did some excellent posters But the field was limited and many years of poverty followed during which a certain amount of writing was done for the press He began exhibiting at the Victorian Artists’ Society but sales were few and the one-man show was then unknown During his visit to England he had married Mabel Sawyer an expert wood-carver and while the lean period lasted Mrs Young helped to keep the house going by executing commissions for Melbourne architects It was not until 1911 that the appreciation of Young’s art really began to be shown In that year he held an exhibition at Melbourne of small pictures some of which had similar qualities to the Japanese coloured wood-cuts of the eighteenth century Sales were good partly because the prices were low and the artist was sufficiently encouraged to hold an exhibition at Adelaide This was both an artistic and a financial success other shows followed in Melbourne and Sydney and at last in his fiftieth year Young’s reputation as an artist was established In 1912 he sailed for Europe and after a stay in Spain settled in England Eighteen months later in August 1914 his first show opened at the Bailey Galleries All the arrangements had been made and the pictures hung when war broke out Young had been a good marksman in his youth and for three years worked as an instructor in musketry and machine-gunnery Immediately after the war he took up his painting again and exhibited at the Academy and the Royal Society of British Artists Back in Australia in 1923 Young established himself at Montrose in the hills about 20 miles east of Melbourne He acted as art critic for the The Herald and held occasional one-man shows  William Bliss Baker 1859 – 1886-11-20 was an American artist born in New York City who was just beginning to hit his stride as a landscape painter in the Realism movement when he died at his father’s house at Hoosick Falls New York at the age of 27 due to a back injury received while ice skating several months earlier Baker studied at the National Academy of Design for four years beginning in 1876where he won first prize during his first exhibit in 1879 By 1881 Baker had set up a studio north of Albany New York  William Bradford American Painter 1823-1892  William Bromley fl1835-1888  William Bruce Ellis Ranken United Kingdom 1881- 1941 – Watercolours painted Souvenir of the seventies Signed with monogram and dated 1923  William Buelow Gould Botanical artist and Natural history artist Australian 1801-1853  William Garl Brown 1823-1894  William Holbrook Beard 1824-1900 William Holbrook Beard Gallery  William Thompson Bartoll American 1817-1857  William-Adolphe Bouguereau November 30 1825 – August 19 1905 was a French academic painter William Bouguereau was a traditionalist whose realistic genre paintings and mythological themes were modern interpretations of Classical subjects with a heavy emphasis on the female human body William-Adolphe Bouguereau was born in La Rochelle France on November 30 1825 into a family of wine and olive oil merchants He seemed destined to join the family business but for the intervention of his uncle Eugene a Roman Catholic priest who taught him classical and Biblical subjects and arranged for Bouguereau to go to high school Bouguereau showed artistic talent early on and his father was convinced by a client to send him to the École des Beaux-Arts in Bordeaux where he won first prize in figure painting for a depiction of Saint Roch To earn extra money he designed labels for jams and preserves  Willy Baron von Plessen 1712 – 1777  Worth Brehm American 1883-1928  Wright Barker fl1891-1953d1941  Wyke Bayliss October 21 1835 Madeley Shropshire – April 5 1906 London was a British painter author and poet He almost exclusively painted interiors of British and European churches and cathedrals and was known in the late Victorian era as an academic authority on art From the start of his career Bayliss’ main interest was in depicting architecture finding “infinite charm” in the “infinite variety of the aspect of a Cathedral interior” His unusual first name was his mother Anne’s maiden surname His brother William Wyke Bayliss became a vicar and sister Elizabeth Anne Bayliss married a vicar whilst a second sister Mary died as a teenager Bayliss’ wider family consisted of a number of luminaries His great uncle was Thomas Turner founder of the Caughley porcelain factory a major leader in the development of the Willow pattern Bayliss owned a portrait of Turner by Sir Joshua Reynolds as well as a number of further family portraits by Lemuel Francis Abbott His second cousin was Sir William Maddock Bayliss Cologne Cathedral pen and watercolourHis father Rev John Cox Bayliss was a railway engineer who taught military and mathematical drawing and was also an artist known for his work “Views of Shropshire” published in 1839 He gave his younger son training after he showed drawing aptitude at an early age The family moved from Madeley to London following a job offer too good to refuse giving Bayliss the opportunity to immerse himself in the emerging art scene of the early Victorian period As a young student at the Royal Academy and the School of Design he became affiliated with the Pre-Raphaelites and he counted amongst his friends John Millais Frederic Leighton William Holman Hunt and Edward Burne-Jones While distant from the Pre-Raphaelites in subject and technique his paintings often reflect the juxtaposition of detail and colour that characterise much of Millais’ and Leighton’s work Frederick Wedmore states in the foreword to Bayliss’ autobiography “On reflection it will be seen that Wyke Bayliss had his speciality pretty well to himself He was the inventor of his own genre – as well as his own method” Bayliss paintings are held in many smaller UK and European collections including the Atkinson Art Gallery in Southport Evening: Amiens Cathedral and the Welsh national collection  Zdenka Braunerova April 9 1858 – May 23 1934 in Prague was a Czech painter and graphic designer A prominent Czech artist she takes her place on history alongside the likes of Chittussi Mrštk Zeyer Marten Joža Uprka and sculptors František Blek and Jan Zrzavý Zrzavý described her as “… an extraordinary woman funny educated genuine” He continued “She had a wonderful incisive intellect and a special charm When I met her she was sixty Mirth and optimism are had by a only a few people She supplied me with 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FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ65 Which among the following was/were the observations of Portuguese traveler Barbosa 1 Architecture of tombs amp Mosques resembles of the mandapas found in the temples of Hampi2 Houses of the people were thatched but nonetheless well built and arranged according to occupationsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 7thQ64 With reference to the Banjaras what was Tanda A Caravan B HorseC Raw materialD Food grainAns AThese Banjaras carry their household – wives and children – along with them One tanda consists of many familiesFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ63 With reference to the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA consider the following statements :1 It is an intergovernmental organization to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy2 It was founded in 20093 India is one of the 33 Permanent members of IRENASelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C 1 amp 3D 123AnsDFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12th Q62 During the Akbar court what was akhbarat A It contained all kinds of information such as attendance at the court grant of offices and titlesB It is the recording of all the proceedings in the curtC It is a room for all the private discussions with the officials D None of the above Ans AFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ61 Consider the following statements regarding the features of the World Bank:1 The Board of Governors is the Supreme body2 The voting power of the governor of a member country is related to the financial contribution of the country concerned3 It gives short-term loan to its members to correct their temporary balance of payments disequilibriumSelect the correct answer using the code given below:A 1 onlyB 12 amp 3C 1 amp 2 onlyD 2 amp 3 onlyAns CThe World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD and the International Development Association IDA The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group and a member of the United Nations Development GroupThe World Bank’s official goal is the reduction of poverty According to its Articles of Agreement all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign investment and international trade and to the facilitation of capital InvestmentThe World Bank is not to be confused with the United Nations World Bank Group a member of the United Nations Economic and Social Council and a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to poor countries: • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD• International Development Association IDA• International Finance Corporation IFC• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MIGA• International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSIDFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ60 With reference to the Central Board of Film Certification consider the following statements :1 It is a non- statutory body under the aegis of Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting2 Non-official members amp Chairman are appointed by Central Government recommended by Prime Minister of IndiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt is a statutory body under the aegis of Union Ministry of Information and BroadcastingLocation : MumbaiNon-official members amp Chairman are appointed by Union Government Its function is to regulate the public exhibition of films in India under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952 by granting them certificate under 4 categories They are U: Unrestricted Public Exhibition UA: Unrestricted Public Exhibition- but with a word of caution that Parental discretion required for children below 12 years A: Restricted to adults S: Restricted to any special class of personsFilm Certification Appellate Tribunal FCAT : Located in Delhi It hears the appeals filed as per provisions of Cinematograph Act Any applicant can file an appeal before the tribunal for a certificate in respect of a film who is aggrieved by an order of the Central Board of Film Certification CBFCFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ59 Which among the following are included in the African Union 1 Morocco2 France3 Portugal4 United kingdomSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A 134B 234C 123D 1234Ans BThe African Union AU is a continental union consisting of 54 countries in Africa The only African state that is not a member is Morocco due to the status of the Western Sahara although Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic have had their memberships suspended due to the recent coup d’état and ongoing civil war respectively The AU was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa with the aim of replacing the Organisation of African UnityOAUThe objectives of the AU are:1 To achieve greater unity and solidarity between the African countries and Africans2 To defend the sovereignty territorial integrity and independence of its Member States3 To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent4 To promote and defend African common positions on issues of interest to the continent and its peoples5 To encourage international cooperation taking due account of the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights6 To promote peace security and stability on the continent7 To promote democratic principles and institutions popular participation and good governance8 To promote and protect human and peoples’ rights in accordance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rightsand other relevant human rights instruments9 To establish the necessary conditions which enable the continent to play its rightful role in the global economy and in international negotiations10 To promote sustainable development at the economic social and cultural levels as well as the integration of African economies11 To promote co-operation in all fields of human activity to raise the living standards of African peoples12 To coordinate and harmonize the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union13 To advance the development of the continent by promoting research in all fields in particular in science and technology14 To work with relevant international partners in the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health on the continentFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ58 With reference to the International Monetary Fund consider the following statements :1 India’s voting right in IMF has been increased from 23 to 26 2 Doubling of quotas depicts share of European amp Gulf countries has been increased Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ADoubling of quotas depicts share of European amp Gulf countries has been decreasedChina will have the 3rd largest IMF quota and voting share after the US and Japan While India Russia and Brazil will also be among the top 10 members of the IMFCurrently US Japan France Germany Italy United Kingdom Canada and Saudi Arabia are among the top ten members of the IMF While the member countries with the 5 largest quotas appoint an Executive DirectorFRAMED FROM LAXMIKANTQ57 With reference to the committee on Privileges consider the following statements :1 It is semi judicial in nature2 It does not have any member from Rajya Sabha3 It examines the cases of breach of privileges amp recommends appropriate actionWhich among the above are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns AThe Lok Sabha committee has 15 members while the Rajya Sabha committee has 10 membersFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ56 Which of the following is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime A India B ChinaC USAD LuxembourgAns BThe Missile Technology Control Regime MTCR is a multilateral export control regime It is an informal and voluntary partnership among 35 countries to prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial vehicle technology capable of carrying above 500 kg payload for more than 300 kmThe Missile Technology Control Regime MTCR established in April 1987 by the G7 countries: Canada France Germany Italy Japan Great Britain and the United States of America The People’s Republic of China is not a member of the MTCR but has agreed to abide by the original 1987 Guidelines and Annex but not the subsequent revisions Israel Romania and Slovakia have also agreed to voluntarily follow MTCR export rules even though not yet membersIn 2002 the MTCR was supplemented by the International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation ICOC also known as the Hague Code of Conduct which calls for restraint and care in the proliferation of ballistic missile systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction and has 119 members thus working parallel to the MTCR with less specific restrictions but with a greater membershipIndia formally applied for membership to the group in June 2015 with active support from France and the United States and officially became a member on 27 June 2016 with the consensus of the 34 member nationsFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ55 Under IUCN category Dhole is classified as :A EndangeredB ExtinctC VulnerableD None of the aboveAns AThe dhole is a canid native to Central South and Southeast Asia Other English names for the species include Asiatic wild dog Indian wild dog whistling dog red wolf red dog and mountain wolfFRAMED FROM LAXMIKANTQ54 With reference to the committee on Privileges consider the following statements :1 It is semi judicial in nature2 It does not have any member from Rajya Sabha3 It examines the cases of breach of privileges amp recommends appropriate actionWhich among the above are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns AThe Lok Sabha committee has 15 members while the Rajya Sabha committee has 10 members FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q53 Which among the following were the observations of Ibn Batuta 1 Two kinds of plant ie Coconut amp Palm were completely unfamiliar to his audience2 Ibn Battuta found cities in the subcontinent full of exciting opportunities3 Most cities had crowded streets and bright and colourful markets that were stacked with a wide variety of goods4 Most bazaars had a mosque and a temple and in some of them at least spaces were marked for public performances by dancers musicians and singersWhich among the above is/are correct A Only 3B 134C 2 amp 3D 1234Ans DIbn Battuta found Indian agriculture very productive because of the fertility of the soil which allowed farmers to cultivate two crops a year He also noted that the subcontinent was well integrated with inter-Asian networks of trade and commerce with Indian manufactures being in great demand in both West Asia and Southeast Asia fetching huge profits for artisans and merchants Indian textiles particularly cotton cloth fine muslins silks brocade and satin were in great demand Ibn Battuta informs us that certain varieties of fine muslin were so expensive that they could be worn only by the nobles and the very richAlmost all trade routes were well supplied with inns and guest housesThe postal system was so efficient that while it took fifty days to reach Delhi from Sind the news reports of spies would reach the Sultan through the postal system in just five daysUluq was known as Horse post Foot post has three stations per mile ie called as dawa FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q52 With reference to the Mughal court What was Kornish A It was a form of ceremonial salutationB It was old residential city of DelhiC It is a dance performed by men amp women in a court D None of the above Ans AKornish was a form of ceremonial salutation in which the courtier placed the palm of his right hand against his forehead and bent his head It suggested that the subject placed his head – the seat of the senses and the mind – into the hand of humility presenting it to the royal assemblyChahar taslim is a mode of salutation which begins with placing the back of the righthand on the ground and raising it gently till the person stands erect when he puts thepalm of his hand upon the crown of his head It is done four chahar times Taslim literally means submissionFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q51 With reference to the ancient period consider the following :1 Moors – Muslim Merchants 2 Devadasis – Temple dancers3 Hundi – Note recording a depositSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q50 With reference to the ancient period which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Hatta – Market Streets2 Manigramam and Nanadesi – Taxes3 Kaikkolars – WeaversSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans BManigramam and Nanadesi- There were several such guilds in south India from the eighthWeavers such as the Saliyar or KaikkolarsFROM UPSC PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONQ49 Consider the following :1 Acesulfame potassium2 Polyethylene glycol3 Saccharin4 SucraloseWhich of the above are used as sugar substitutes in foodsA 1 amp 2B 234C 134D 1234Ans CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ48 Which of the following is not an ASEAN member A CambodiaB ChinaC LaosD VietnamAns BThe Association of South East Asian Nations Asean is a 10-member international body that represents more than 500 million people living in the region Set up in 1967 in Bangkok by Thailand Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines and Singapore it has since been joined by Brunei Laos Vietnam Myanmar and CambodiaThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN was formed in 1967 by Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines Singapore and Thailand to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stabilityFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ47 With reference to the International Renewable Energy Agency consider the following statements :1 It is the governing body which is responsible for implementing various decisions of assembly2 India is the founding member of IRENASelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ46 Union Information and Broadcasting Minister launched Vivid Bharti ServiceWith reference to the Vivid Bharti consider the following statements :1 It is available on below 100 Megahertz MHz frequency2 It is a service of All India Radio AIRSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BIt is available on below 1028 Megahertz MHz frequencyFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ45 Who among the following are the members of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 1 China2 Kyrgyzstan3 Kazakhstan4 Russia5 Tajikistan6 UzbekistanWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 123B 23456C 12356D All are correctAns DSince 2005 India was having an Observer status of SCO and had applied for full membership in 2014FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ44 Which among the following have the observer status in shanghai Cooperation 1 Mongolia2 Iran 3 Pakistan4 IndiaWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 134B 234C Only 4D All are correctAns DIt was established in 2001 amp it comprises China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan UzbekistanFRAMED FROM NCERT CIVICSQ43 Consider the following statements regarding ‘zero hour’ in the Lok Sabha / Rajya Sabha1 This term does not find any mention in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Constitution of India2 A number of members raise their matters of urgent public importance at 12:00 noon in the House which has been termed as zero hour3 Proceedings of zero hour are not recorded in the House4 A written reply is given to the member by a concerned Minister for the matter raised during zero hourSelect the correct answer from the code given below:A 1 amp 2B 3 amp 4C 2 onlyD 1 amp 4AnsAQuestion Hour: The first hour of every sitting of Parliament is generally reserved for the asking and answering of questionsZero Hour: The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as Zero Hour It starts at around 12 noon hence the name and members can with prior notice to the Speaker raise issues of importance during this time Typically discussions on important Bills the Budget and other issues of national importance take place from 2pm onwardsFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ42 Who among the following are the members of SAARC 1 Bhutan2 Bangladesh3 Myanmar4 Pakistan5 Sri LankaSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A 1245B 1 amp 5C 234D 12345Ans AThe South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC is regional intergovernmental organization and geopoliticalunion in South Asia Its member states include Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal the Maldives Pakistan and Sri Lanka SAARC compromises 3 of the world’s area 21 of the world’s population and 912 of the global economy as of 2015SAARC was founded in Dhaka in 1985 Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu The organization promotes development economics and regional integration It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006 SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the UN as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities including the EU However the organization continues to face many challenges Disputes between nuclear rivals India and Pakistan have often clouded the union’s potential and progressFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ41 Who among the following are the members of the Washington Accord 1 India2 China3 Malaysia4 South AfricaWhich among the above is/are correct A 134B Only 1 amp 2C Only 3D 1234Ans D The Washington Accord is an international accreditation agreement for professional engineering academic degrees between the bodies responsible for accreditation in its signatory countries The Washington Accord covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach Engineering technology and postgraduate programs are not covered by the accord although some engineering technology programs are covered under the Sydney Accord and the Dublin Accord Only qualifications awarded after the signatory country or region became part of the Washington Accord are recognized The accord is not directly responsible for the licensing of Professional Engineers and the registration of Chartered Engineers but it does cover the academic requirements that are part of the licensing processes in signatory countriesIndia became the permanent member of the Washington AccordIt is an esteemed international treaty on engineering studies and mobility of engineers across signatory countries including the US the UK and Australia signatories are: Australia Canada Chinese Taipei Hong Kong China India Ireland Japan Korea Malaysia New Zealand Russia Singapore South Africa Turkey the United Kingdom and the United StatesThe treaty covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach The accord doesn’t take into account engineering technology and postgraduate programsQUESTION LIFTED FROM PRATIYOGITA DARPANQ40 Which of the following is a Decentralised Autonomous Organisation A Venture Capital fundB Trade association C Market regulator D Financial regulator Ans AIt is an organization that is run through rules encoded as computer programs called smart contracts A DAO’s financial transaction record and program rules are maintained on a blockchain There are several examples of this business model The precise legal status of this type of business organization is unclearFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ39 In context with the The Saint Helena Act 1833 or The Government of India Act 1833 consider the following statements:1 It redesignated the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India2 It ended the activities of the Company as a commercial body and became a purely administrative body3 It attempted to introduce a system of open competitions for the selection of civil servantsSelect the correct statements from the given codes :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DAs this Act was also meant for an extension of the royal charter granted to the company it is also called the Charter Act of 1833 Even this extended the charter by 20 years It contained the following provisions:• It redesignated the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India Under this provision Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India• It deprived the Governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers The Governor-General was given exclusive legislative powers for the whole of British India• It ended the activities of the Company as a commercial body and became a purely administrative body In particular the Company lost its monopoly on trade with China and other parts of the Far East• It attempted to introduce a system of open competitions for the selection of civil servants However this provision was negated after opposition from the Court of Directors who continued to hold the privilege of appointing Company officials• The island of Saint Helena was vested in His MajestyFRAMED FROM Indian History-Mansi PublicationsQ38 What constituted the crux of the Drain theory highlighted by the Dada Bhai Naoroji A Abuse of trade practices by the merchants of the ruling race B Ill-gotten money taken from the princely rulers amp remitted to EnglandC Unrequited exports from IndiaD Gluttish from Indian markets with british manufactured goods Ans CDadabhai Naoroji’s work focused on the drain of wealth from India into England through colonial rule One of the reasons that the Drain theory is attributed to Naoroji is his decision to estimate the net national profit of India and by extension the effect that colonisation has on the country Through his work with economics Naoroji sought to prove that Britain was draining money out of India Naoroji described 6 factors which resulted in the external drain -Firstly India is governed by a foreign government -Secondly India does not attract immigrants which bring labour and capital for economic growth -Thirdly India pays for Britain’s civil administrations and occupational army -Fourthly India bears the burden of empire building in and out of its borders -Fifthly opening the country to free trade was actually a way to exploit India by offering highly paid jobs to foreign personnel -Lastly the principal income-earners would buy outside of India or leave with the money as they were mostly foreign personnel In Naoroji’s book ‘Poverty’ he estimated a 200–300 million pounds loss of revenue to Britain that is not returned Naoroji described this as vampirism with money being a metaphor for blood which humanised India and attempted to show Britain’s actions as monstrous in an attempt to garner sympathy for the nationalist movement When referring to the Drain Naoroji stated that he believed some tribute was necessary as payment for the services that England brought to India such as the railways However the money from these services were being drained out of India for instance the money being earned by the railways did not belong to India which supported his assessment that India was giving too much to Britain FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ37 Who among the following are the members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association 1 India2 Australia3 Indonesia4 MalaysiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B 234C 123D 1234Ans DThe objectives of IORA are as follows : 1 To promote sustainable growth and balanced development of the region and member states2 To focus on those areas of economic cooperation which provide maximum opportunities for development shared interest and mutual benefits3 To promote liberalisation remove impediments and lower barriers towards a freer and enhanced flow of goods services investment and technology within the Indian Ocean rimFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q36 With reference to the Mohiniyatam dance consider the following statements :1 It involves the swaying of broad hips and the gentle movements of erect posture from side to side2 The dance follows the classical text of Hastha Lakshanadeepika which has elaborate description of expressions by the hand palm and fingers3 It is performed to this accompaniment by the subtle gestures and footwork of the danseuse4 It involves the eyes in a very coy sensual manner to enchant the mind without enticing the sensesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 234C 123D All are correctAns DFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ35 With reference to the Imperial Officials of Mughal court consider the following :1 Diwan-i-ala – Finance minister2 Tainat-i-Rakab – Court3 sadr-us sudur – Minsiter of grants Select the correct answer using the codes given below:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ34 Which among the following are the duties of the additional solicitor general 1 Represents the Union Government in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 Advisory Jurisdiction of the Constitution2 Appear whenever required in the Supreme Court or in any High Court on behalf of the Union Government3 Discharge other functions that are conferred on a Law Officer by the Constitution or any other Law for the time being in forceWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ33 Biopiracy describes a practice in which indigenous knowledge of nature originating with indigenous peoples is used by others for profit without permissionWhich among the following comes under the Biopiracy 1 Rosy periwinkle2 Neem tree3 Basmati rice4 Enola beanWhich among the above is/are correct A 134B 234C Only 2 amp 3D All are correctAns DFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ32 With reference to the Burials of Harappan culture consider the following statements :1 At burials in Harappan sites the dead were generally laid in pits amp the hollowed-out spaces were lined with bricks2 Jewellery has been found in burials of both men and women3 Ornament consisting of three shell rings a jasper a kind of semi-precious stone bead and hundreds of micro beads was found near the skull of menSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DExtra important point :Faience a material made of ground sand or silica mixed with colour and a gum and then firedMaterials used to make beads is remarkable: stones like carnelian of a beautiful red colour jasper crystal quartz and steatite metals like copper bronze and gold and shell faience andterracotta or burnt clayFRAMED FROM WIKEPDIAQ31 Which among the following is the oldest international financial institution 1 Bank for International Settlement 2 International Monetary Fund3 International Bank for Reconstruction amp Development 4 International Trade OrganisationWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 134D Only 3Ans B |
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Jan Baptist Weenix Amsterdam 1621- Vleuten 1660 a painter of the Dutch Golden Age Despite his relatively brief career he was a very productive and versatile painter His favourite subjects were Italian landscapes with large figures among ruins seaside views and later in life large still life pictures of dead game or dogs He was mainly responsible for introducing the Italian harbour scene into Dutch art in mid-size paintings with a group of figures in the foreground Weenix was the son of an architect and born near Amsterdam’s harbour He could not speak well apparently from a medical condition and because he very much liked to read books his mother sent him to work for a bookseller who was not able to deal with him He drew whenever he could according to Jan Weenix his son who told the story to Arnold Houbraken Weenix first studied under Jan Micker then in Utrecht under Abraham Bloemaert and later back in Amsterdam under Claes Cornelisz Moeyaert In 1643 Weenix travelled to Rome with Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem He had left his home secretly but his wife the daughter of Gillis d’Hondecoeter traced him to Rotterdam Then he was allowed to stay away for four months In Rome he became a member of the Bentvueghels and was much esteemed and worked for Pope Innocent X He returned to Amsterdam after four years his wife had refused to come to Rome In 1649 he became master of the guild of St Luke in Utrecht and also painted a portrait of Rene Descartes When his brother-in-law Gijsbert d’Hondecoeter died he trained his nephew Melchior d’Hondecoeter together with his own son Jan Weenix Weenix moved to a castle outside Utrecht to concentrate on his work or for health reasons where he probably died in poor circumstances at an unknown date He painted a few religious scenes one of the rare pieces of this kind being the “Jacob and Esau” Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister Dresden In the National Gallery London is a “Hunting Scene” by Weenix and Glasgow has a characteristic painting of ruins Weenix is represented at most of the important continental galleries notably at Munich Vienna Berlin Amsterdam and St Petersburg  Jan Baptiste Vanmour 1671-1737 was a Flemish-French painter remembered for his detailed portrayal of life in the Ottoman Empire during the Tulip Era and the rule of Sultan Ahmed III Van Mour was a native of Valenciennes a Flemish town that at he time of his birth belonged to the Spanish Netherlands but since 1678 to France He studied art in the studio of Jacques-Albert Gerin and his work attracted the attention of an aristocrat and statesman of the time Marquis Charles de Ferriol Van Mour was invited to go to Istanbul when De Ferriol was appointed there as the French Ambassador in 1699 De Ferriol commissioned van Mour to do one hundred portraits of the local people In 1711 De Ferriol returned to France and van Mour worked for a variety of other diplomats In the meantime De Ferriol published a series of one hundred engravings after the paintings in Recueil de cent estampes representant differentes nations du Levant The book had a great influence in Western Europe and was published in at least five languages Painting audiences with the Sultan became van Mour’s speciality he only had to change the setting and a few faces Van Mour worked with assistants to fulfill all his obligations In 1725 he was granted the extraordinary title of Peintre Ordinaire du Roy en Levant in recognition of both his and the Levant’s importance to the French government In 1727 the Dutch ambassador Cornelis Calkoen asked Van Mour to record his audience with Sultan Ahmed III on canvas Van Mour was allowed to enter the palace during these ceremonies accompanying the ambassador and his retinue therefore he was familiar with the special protocol that prevailed in the Ottoman court for ambassador’s receptions Calkoen took many paintings of Jean-Baptiste van Mour with him when he was appointed as ambassador in Dresden for the Dutch Republic  Jan Boeckhorst Born in Westphalia in either Menster or Rees Boeckhorst moved to Antwerp around 1626 He had a close relationship with Rubens’s studio finishing paintings designed by that master as well as assisting with large series such as the joyous entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand in 1635 and the Torre de la Parada He also collaborated as a figure painter in landscapes and still lifes by Jan Wildens and Frans Snyders and sometimes painted lively group portraits1 He traveled to Italy in the years 1635-1639 and joined the Bentvueghels with the nickname Lange Jan Tall John Cornelis de Bie in his Gulden Cabinet der Edel Vry Schilderconst The Golden Cabinet of the Honourable Free Art of Painting 1662 remarks that Boeckhorst was a student of Jordaens Works in that master’s style include large genre paintings of the 1640s such as Peasants going to Market Antwerp Rubenshuis which also acts as an allegory of the four elements In the 1650s and 1660s Boeckhorst painted altarpieces for churches throughout Flanders and designed cartoons for tapestries  Jan Bogumil Plersch painted Tadeusz Kosciuszko falling wounded in the battle of Maciejowice in 1794  Jan Both Jan Dirksz Both between 1610 and 1618 – August 9 1652 Jan Both was a Dutch painter draughtsman and etcher who made an important contribution to the development of Dutch Italianate landscape painting Both was born in Utrecht and was the brother of Andries Both According to Houbraken the brothers first learned to paint from their father who was a glass-painter or glazier there Later Jan was a pupil of Abraham Bloemaert and still later the brothers traveled together to Rome via France Gerrit van Honthorst has also been suggested as a teacher By 1638 Jan and his brother Andries were in Rome where Andries concentrated on genre works in the manner of Pieter van Laer while Jan concentrated on landscapes in the manner of Claude Lorrain1 In 1639 Jan collaborated with Herman van Swanevelt and Claude Lorrain on a project for the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid Certainly by 1646 Jan had returned to Utrecht where he refined further his expansive imaginary landscapes drenched with a Mediterranean golden light In Landscape with Bandits Leading Prisoners Museum of Fine Arts Boston the sandy road makes a sweeping diagonal from the left Touches of realism in the down-to-earth figures and detailed vegetation of the foreground contrast with the idyllic golden distance Occasionally Both peoples his landscapes with religious or mythological figures as in Judgement of Paris London National Gallery where the figures were painted by a fellow Utrecht artist Cornelis van Poelenburch Jan’s brother Andries c1612-41 who specialised in peasant scenes died in Venice as they were returning to Utrecht  Jan Breughel painted Paradise in ca 1620  Jan Brueghel 1568-1625 Flemish Jan Brueghel Locations Jan Brueghel the Elder b 1568 Brussels – January 13th 1625 Antwerp was a Flemish painter son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder and father of Jan Brueghel the Younger Nicknamed Velvet Brueghel Flower Brueghel and Paradise Brueghel of which the latter two were derived from favored subjects while the former may refer to the velveteen sheen of his colors or to his habit of wearing velvet Bouquet painted 1603 The Entry of the Animals Into Noah Ark painted 1613His father died in 1569 and then following the death of his mother in 1578 Jan along with his brother Pieter Brueghel the Younger Hell Brueghel and sister Marie went to live with their grandmother Mayken Verhulst widow of Pieter Coecke van Aelst She was an artist in her own right and according to Carel van Mander possibly the first teacher of the two sons The family moved to Antwerp sometime after 1578 He first applied himself to painting flowers and fruits and afterwards acquired considerable reputation by his landscapes and sea-pieces He formed a style more independent of his father than did his brother Pieter the Younger His early works are often landscapes containing scenes from scripture particularly forest landscapes betraying the influence of the master forest landscape-painter Gillis van Coninxloo Later in his career he moved toward the painting of pure landscapes and townscapes and toward the end of still lifes After residing long at Cologne he travelled into Italy where his landscapes adorned with small figures were greatly admired He left a large number of pictures chiefly landscapes which are executed with great skill  Jan Brueghel The Elder Flemish Baroque Era Painter 1568-1625 was a Flemish painter son of Pieter Brueghel the Elder and father of Jan Brueghel the Younger Nicknamed “Velvet” Brueghel “Flower” Brueghel and “Paradise” Brueghel of which the latter two were derived from favored subjects while the former may refer to the velveteen sheen of his colors or to his habit of wearing velvet He was born in Brussels His father died in 1569 and then following the death of his mother in 1578 Jan along with his brother Pieter Brueghel the Younger “Hell Brueghel” and sister Marie went to live with their grandmother Mayken Verhulst widow of Pieter Coecke van Aelst She was an artist in her own right and according to Carel van Mander possibly the first teacher of the two sons The family moved to Antwerp sometime after 1578 He first applied himself to painting flowers and fruits and afterwards acquired considerable reputation by his landscapes and sea-pieces He formed a style more independent of his father’s than did his brother Pieter the Younger His early works are often landscapes containing scenes from scripture particularly forest landscapes betraying the influence of the master forest landscape-painter Gillis van Coninxloo Later in his career he moved toward the painting of pure landscapes and townscapes and toward the end of still lifes After residing long at Cologne he travelled into Italy where his landscapes adorned with small figures were greatly admired He left a large number of pictures chiefly landscapes which are executed with great skill Many of his paintings are collaborations in which figures by other painters were placed in landscapes painted by Jan Brueghel  Jan Brueghel the Younger September 13 1601 C September 1 1678 was a Flemish Baroque painter and the son of Jan Brueghel the Elder He was trained by his father and spent his career producing works in a similar style Along with his brother Ambrosius he produced landscapes allegorical scenes and other works of meticulous detail Brueghel also copied works by his father and sold them with his father’s signature His work is distinguishable from that of his parent by being less well executed and lighter Jan the Younger was traveling in Italy when his father died of cholera and swiftly returned to take control of the Antwerp studio He soon established himself and was made dean of the Guild of Saint Luke in 1630 That same year he was commissioned by the French court to paint Adam Cycle In the following years he also produced paintings for the Austrian court and worked independently in Paris before returning to Antwerp in 1657 He collaborated with a number of prominent artists including Rubens Hendrick van Balen 1575-1632 Adriaen Stalbemt 1580-1682 Lucas Van Uden 1596-1672 David Teniers the Younger and his father-in-law Janssen Jan the Younger’s best works are his extensive landscapes either under his own name or made for other artists such as Hendrick van Balen as backgrounds  Jan de Bray 1627-1697 Dutch Painter draughtsman and etcher son of 1 Salomon de Bray He spent virtually the whole of his career in Haarlem except for the period 1686-8 when he lived in Amsterdam After training with his father Jan began working as a portrait painter in Haarlem in 1650 an activity he continued for the next 40 years Between 1667 and 1684 he served on the committee for the Haarlem Guild of St Luke whose leading members he portrayed in a picture dated 1675 Amsterdam Rijksmus that includes a self-portrait Jan is seen standing and drawing on the left He married three times in 1668 1670 and 1672 His first two wives died a year after their marriage his third two years afterwards and in each case the death was followed by disputes over the inheritance Jan bankruptcy of 1689 may have been a result of one of the lawsuits He was 62 at the time and from then onwards he seems to have lost his artistic drive crushed by the financial blow and the consequent loss of social position  Jan Dirksz Both Dutch 1610-1652 Jan Dirksz Both between 1610 and 1618 Utrecht – Aug 9 1652 Utrecht brother of Andries Both was a Dutch painter From 1634 to 1637 he was taught by Bloemaert and the painter Gerard van Honthorst before travelling to Rome ca 1637 There he met the French painter Claude Lorrain with whom he collaborated on a series of landscape paintings His landscapes are typically peopled by peasants driving cattle or travellers gazing on Roman ruins in the light of the evening sun The everyday life of the streets of Rome became a favourite theme in his works On his return to Utrecht after the death of his brother in 1642 he stopped producing genre pieces and focused instead on pictures of Italian landscapes bathed in a warm golden light This theme was adopted by several other Dutch painters the Italianites  Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst 1603-1661 was a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver He is considered today to be a minor member of the Utrecht Caravaggisti group According to Houbraken van Bronckhorst apprenticed as an eleven-year-old with the glass engraver Verburgh in Utrecht He worked with him for 6 months and worked with two other Utrecht glassworkers before embarking on a Grand Tour in 1620 He did not get far before he was offered work in Arras by the glassworker Peeter Matthys After six months he continued on to Paris in 1620 where he worked with the glassworker Chamu He returned to Utrecht in 1622 where Cornelis Poelenburg taught him to paint He married Catalijntje van Noort in 1626 He frequented the studio of Gerard van Honthorst In 1647 he moved to Amsterdam where he created the stained glass windows and the organ doors almost the only area in a Calvinist church where figurative painting was sometimes allowed of the Nieuwe Kerk finished in 1655 He has been described as the last of the great stained glass painters in Holland Unlike his work for churches his secular paintings show the influence of Caravaggio and also show a striking appeal to sensuality Among his pupils are counted his sons Jan Jansz and Gerrit Jansz and Cesar van Everdingen  Jan van Beers 22 February 1821 – 14 November 1888 was Flemish poet born in Antwerp He is usually referred to as “van Beers the elder” to distinguish him from his son Jan van Beers the painter Van Beers was essentially a Netherlander though politically a Belgian expressing his thoughts in the same language as any North Netherland writer In fact the poems of Jan van Beers are perhaps more popular in the Netherlands than in Belgium and of many of them there exist more editions printed in the Netherlands than in his political fatherland Van Beers started life as a teacher of Dutch language and literature first at Mechelen then at Lier and in 1860 was appointed a professor of both at the Athenaeum high school in Antwerp where he had also been a sub-librarian in the communal library Van Beers as a teacher was early in the field with Hendrik Conscience Willems and others when the Flemish movement began He composed a Dutch grammar 1852 which in enlarged editions still holds the field and a volume of selections from Dutch authors both books being so much appreciated that the Belgian government made them text-books in the public schools Van Beers’s historical poems the principal of which is perhaps Jakob Van Maerlant Amsterdam 1860 helped the Flemish revival in Belgium as powerfully as his school-books He is best known however as the writer of ballads and songs Jongelingsdroomen “A Young Man’s Dreams” first appeared at Antwerp and Amsterdam in 1853 These poems were followed by Levensbeelden “Life Figures or Pictures” Amsterdam 1858 and by Gevoel en Leven “Feeling Living” Amsterdam 1869 His Rijzende Blaren “Rising Leaves” first made its appearance at Ghent and Rotterdam in 1883  Jan van Bijlert Dutch Baroque Era Painter ca1597-1671 Dutch painter He was the son of the Utrecht glass painter Herman Beerntsz van Bijlert c 1566-before 1615 Jan must have trained first with his father but was later apprenticed to the painter Abraham Bloemaert After his initial training he visited France and travelled to Italy as did other artists from Utrecht Jan stayed mainly in Rome where he became a member of the Schildersbent he returned to Utrecht in 1624 In Rome he and the other Utrecht artists had come under the influence of the work of Caravaggio after their return home this group of painters who became known as the UTRECHT CARAVAGGISTI adapted the style of Caravaggio to their own local idiom The Caravaggesque style evident in van Bijlert’s early paintings such as St Sebastian Tended by Irene 1624 Rohrau Schloss see fig and The Matchmaker 1626 Brunswick Herzog Anton Ulrich-Mus is characterized by the use of strong chiaroscuro the cutting off of the picture plane so that the image is seen close-up and by an attempt to achieve a realistic rather than idealized representation  Jean – Baptiste Carpeaux French Realist Sculptor 1827-1875 French Realist Sculptor 1827-1875French sculptor painter draughtsman and etcher He was one of the leading sculptors of the Second Empire 1852-70 in France  Jean Baptiste Camille Corot 1796-1875 Corot Locations French painter draughtsman and printmaker After a classical education at the College de Rouen where he did not distinguish himself and an unsuccessful apprenticeship with two drapers Corot was allowed to devote himself to painting at the age of 26 He was given some money that had been intended for his sister who had died in 1821 and this together with what we must assume was his family continued generosity freed him from financial worries and from having to sell his paintings to earn a living Corot chose to follow a modified academic course of training He did not enrol in the Ecole des Beaux-Arts but studied instead with Achille Etna Michallon and after Michallon death in 1822 with Jean-Victor Bertin Both had been pupils of Pierre-Henri Valenciennes and although in later years Corot denied that he had learnt anything of value from his teachers his career as a whole shows his attachment to the principles of historic landscape painting which they professed  Jean Baptiste Gautier Dagoty 1740 -1786 – Drawer  Jean Baptiste Greuze 1725-1805 French Jean Baptiste Greuze Galleries French painter and draughtsman He was named an associate member of the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture Paris in 1755 on the strength of a group of paintings that included genre scenes portraits and studies of expressive heads ttes d’expression These remained the essential subjects of his art for the next 50 years except for a brief concentrated and unsuccessful experiment with history painting in the late 1760s which was to affect his later genre painting deeply Though his art has often been compared with that of Jean-Simeon Chardin in particular and interpreted within the context of NEO-CLASSICISM in general it stands so strikingly apart from the currents of its time that Greuze’s accomplishments are best described as they often were by the artist’s contemporaries as unique He was greatly admired by connoisseurs critics and the general public throughout most of his life His pictures were in the collections of such noted connoisseurs as Ange-Laurent de La Live de Jully Claude-Henri Watelet and Etienne-Francois Duc de Choiseul For a long period he was in particular favour with the critic Denis Diderot who wrote about him in the Salon reviews that he published in Melchior Grimm’s privately circulated Correspondance litteraire His reputation declined towards the end of his life and through the early part of the 19th century to be revived after 1850 when 18th-century painting returned to favour by such critics as Thophile Thore Arsene Houssaye and most notably Edmond and Jules de Goncourt in their book L’Art du dix-huitime siecle By the end of the century Greuze’s work especially his many variations on the Head of a Girl fetched record prices and his Broken Pitcher Paris Louvre was one of the most popular paintings in the Louvre The advent of modernism in the early decades of the 20th century totally obliterated Greuze’s reputation It was only in the 1970s with Brookner’s monograph Munhall’s first comprehensive exhibition of the artist’s work increased sale prices important museum acquisitions and fresh analyses of his art by young historians that Greuze began to regain the important place that he merits in the history of French art of the 18th century  Jean Baptiste Huet Paris 15 October 1745-Paris 27 January 1811 was a French painter engraver and designer associated with pastoral and genre scenes of animals in the Rococo manner influenced by François Boucher Born into a family of artistse his uncle was Christophe Huet his father Nicolas Huetehe apprenticed with the animal painter Charles Dagomer a member of the painters’ guild the Academie de Saint-Luc Paris who was working in the 1760s Huet’s interest in printmaking and his acquaintance with Gilles Demarteau who later engraved many of his compositions both date from this period About 1764 Huet entered the studio of Jean-Baptiste Le Prince where he further developed his printmaking skills largely reproducing his own paintings a method of publishing them with some profit In 1768 he was approved by the Academie Royale and 29 July 1769 he was received reçu in the minor category petite maniere of painter of animals and was well received in the public reviews when he began to exhibit at the Paris Salon that same year with a Dog Attacking Geese now at the Louvre He continued to exhibit annually until 1789 through his attempts at the grand manner of history painting considered the noblest genre were not met with approval  Jean Baptiste Isabey French Painter 1767-1855 Painter draughtsman and printmaker He trained in Nancy with Jean Girardet d 1778 and then with Jean-Baptiste-Charles Claudot 1733-1805 master of the miniaturist Jean-Baptiste Augustin In 1785 he went to Paris where he began by painting snuff-boxes In 1786 he received lessons from the painter Francois Dumont who had also studied with Girardet in Nancy before entering the studio of David Although he had received aristocratic commissions before the Revolution to paint portrait miniatures of the Duc d’Angouleme and Duc de Berry and through them of Marie-Antoinette he did not suffer in the political upheavals that followed He executed 228 portraits of deputies for a work on the Assemblee Legislative and from 1793 exhibited miniatures and drawings in the Salon Success came to him in 1794 with two drawings in the ‘maniere noire’ The Departure and The Return This type of drawing using pencil and the stump to simulate engraving was very fashionable in the last years of the 18th century and reached its peak with Isabey’s The Boat  Jean Baptiste Oudry French Baroque Era Painter 1686-1755 French painter He was the principal animal painter and one of the foremost decorative painters during the first half of Louis XVs reign After initial training as a portrait painter he concentrated on still-lifes by the 1720s he had also begun to establish himself as a specialist in hunting scenes game-pieces and portraits of animals He ran an active workshop often keeping his best originals for years and selling copies and more or less autograph variants In the 1730s he was most active as a tapestry designer making numerous designs for the royal tapestry works of Beauvais and the Gobelins and he continued to produce his brilliantly painted hunts still-lifes and studies of animals and birds to the end of his career  Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin 1699-1779 French Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin Locations Chardin was born in Paris the son of a cabinetmaker and rarely left the city He lived on the Left Bank near Saint-Sulpice until 1757 when Louis XV granted him a studio and living quarters in the Louvre Chardin entered into a marriage contract with Marguerite Saintard in 1723 whom he did not marry until 1731 He served apprenticeships with the history painters Pierre-Jacques Cazes and Noël-Nicholas Coypel and in 1724 became a master in the Acadmie de Saint-Luc Upon presentation of The Ray in 1728 he was admitted to the Acadmie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture The following year he ceded his position in the Acadmie de Saint-Luc In November of 1731 his son Jean-Pierre was baptized and a daughter Marguerite-Agns was baptized in 1733 In 1735 his wife Marguerite died and within two years Marguerite-Agns had died as well The Ray 1728 Muse du Louvre ParisBeginning in 1737 Chardin exhibited regularly at the Salon He would prove to be a dedicated academician regularly attending meetings for fifty years and functioning successively as counsellor treasurer and secretary overseeing in 1761 the installation of Salon exhibitions In 1744 he entered his second marriage this time to Françoise-Marguerite Pouget The following year a daughter Anglique-Françoise was born but she died in 1746 In 1752 Chardin was granted a pension of 500 livres by Louis XV At the Salon of 1759 he exhibited nine paintings it was the first Salon to be commented upon by Denis Diderot who would prove to be a great admirer and public champion of Chardin work Beginning in 1761 his responsibilities on behalf of the Salon simultaneously arranging the exhibitions and acting as treasurer resulted in a diminution of productivity in painting and the showing of replicas of previous works In 1763 his services to the Acadmie were acknowledged with an extra 200 livres in pension In 1765 he was unanimously elected associate member of the Acadmie des Sciences Belles-Lettres et Arts of Rouen but there is no evidence that he left Paris to accept the honor8 By 1770 Chardin was the Premiere peintre du roi and his pension of 1400 livres was the highest in the Academy In 1772 Chardin son also a painter drowned in Venice a probable suicide The artist last known oil painting was dated 1776 his final Salon participation was in 1779 and featured several pastel studies Gravely ill by November of that year he died in Paris on December 6 at the age of 80  Jean Baptiste van Loo Flemish Painter 1684-1745 was a French subject and portrait painter He was born in Aix-en-Provence and was instructed in art by his father Louis-Abraham van Loo son of Jacob van Loo Having at an early age executed several pictures for the decoration of the church and public buildings at Aix he was employed on similar work at Toulon which he was obliged to leave during the siege of 1707 He was patronized by the prince of Carignan who sent him to Rome where he studied under Benedetto Luti Here he was much employed on church pictures and in particular executed a greatly praised Scourging of Christ for St Maria in Monticelli At Turin he painted Charles Emmanuel II Duke of Savoy and several members of his court Then moving to Paris where he was elected a member of the Acadmie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture he executed various altar-pieces and restored the works of Francesco Primaticcio at Fontainebleau In 1737 he went to England where he attracted attention by his portrait of Colley Cibber and of Owen McSwiny the theatrical manager the latter like many other of van Loo’s works was engraved in mezzotint by John Faber Junior He also painted Sir Robert Walpole whose portrait by van Loo in his robes as chancellor of the exchequer is in the National Portrait Gallery London and the prince and princess of Wales He did not however practise long in England for his health failing he retired to Paris in 1742 and afterwards to Aix where he died on 19 December 1745  Jean Baptiste Weenix 1621-1660 Dutch  Jean Baptiste Wicar Jean-Baptiste Wicar 22 January 1762 Lille – 27 February 1834 Rome was a French Neoclassical painter and art collector The son of a carpenter Wicar studied drawing at the free school in Lille before further honing his talents in the studio of David The drawings Wicar created of Tableaux statues bas-reliefs et camees de la Galerie de Florence et du palais Pitti Paintings statues bas-reliefs and cameos in the Gallery of Florence and the Pitti Palace were published in Paris in 4 volumes at the Lacombe publishing house from 1789 to 1807 Wicar headed the commission set up by Napoleon I of France to loot artworks from the Austrian Netherlands to enrich museums in France – an initial convoy left Antwerp on 11 August 1794 notably with paintings by Rubens for the Louvre Abbeys and castles were systematically emptied of their contents furniture and works of art Wicar was also a member of the commission des sciences et des arts on the Italian campaign in the entourage of Bonaparte This commission was charged with seizing artworks that could enrich French national museum collections He finally permanently settled in Rome in 1800 and became a portraitist of European renown On his death in Rome Wicar left the major collection of 1300 drawings he had accumulated over his lifetime to the Societe des Sciences de leAgriculture et des Arts de Lille Mostly from the Italian school but also in some small measure from the northern schools it held drawings by artists like Raphael Albrecht Derer Lucas Cranach Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David  Jean Barbault French Painter 1718-1762 French painter and engraver A pupil in Paris of Jean Restout II in 1745 he failed to win the Prix de Rome and at his own expense went to Rome early in 1747 The following year by which time he was a member of the circle of Paolo Anesi Philothee-Francois Duflos Jean-Laurent Legeay and Giovanni Battista Piranesi Barbault made engravings for the Varie vedute di Roma antica e moderna published in Rome As a painter he was encouraged by Jean-Francois de Troy director of the Academie de France who commissioned from him 20 small pictures representing characters from the Turkish masquerade organized by the pensionnaires for the carnival of 1748 of which 11 survive Beauvais Mus Dept Oise Narbonne Mus A amp Hist Paris Louvre see fig Venice Col Cini and elsewhere When by special favour he became a pensionnaire at the Acadmie 1749-53 he made a copy Lille Mus B-A destr 1916 for Louis XIV of Luca Penni’s fresco the Baptism of Constantine in the Vatican Stanze it was then attributed to Raphael While travelling in Rome Abel-Franois Poisson de Vandieres Marquis de Marigny commissioned a series of Italian Costumes of which some of the originals or replicas remain Castres Mus Goya Dijon Mus B-A Orleans Mus B-A Paris Louvre In 1751 Barbault depicted the planned procession of the pensionnaires for the carnival in a frieze-like painting 3803920 mm the Masquerade of the Four Corners of the World Besaneon Mus B-A amp Archol Many of Barbault’s idealized Roman landscapes date from this period examples Angers Mus B-A Baltimore MD Walters AG Madrid Mus Cerralbo Notre Dame IN Snite Mus A and elsewhere but above all he wanted to be a painter in the grand manner painting St Francois de Sales Placing Jeanne de Chantal under the Protection of St Vincent de Paul Rome SS Giovanni e Paolo for the beatification of Ste Jeanne de Chantal in 1751  Jean Beraud 1848-1935 French Jean Beraud Galleries Berauds father also called Jean was a sculptor and was likely working on the site of St Isaacs Cathedral at the time of his sons birth Berauds mother was one Genevieve Eugenie Jacquin following the death of Beraudes father the family moved to Paris Braud was in the process of being educated as a lawyer until the occupation of Paris during the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 Beraud became a student of Leon Bonnat and exhibited his paintings at the Salon for the first time in 1872 however he only gained recognition in 1876 with his On the Way Back from the Funeral He exhibited with the Society of French Watercolorists at the 1889 Worldes Fair in Paris He painted many scenes of Parisian daily life during the Belle epoque in a style that stands somewhere between the academic art of the Salon and that of the Impressionists He received the Legion d honneur in 1894 Berauds paintings often included truth based humour and mockery of late 19th century Parisian life Along with frequent appearances of biblical characters in then contemporary situations Paintings such as Mary Magdalene in the House of the Pharisees aroused controversy when exhibited because of these themes Towards the end of the 19th century Beraud dedicated less time to his own painting but worked in numerous exhibition committees including the Salon de la Societe Nationale Beraud never married and has no children he is buried in Montparnasse Cemetery beside his mother  Jean Broc 1771-1850 French French painter and designer He came from a family of shopkeepers and tailors and he served in the Republican army during the wars of the Vendee By 1798 he was a student of Jacques-Louis David who provided a small apartment in the Louvre where Broc often lived With a group of David students and some writers Broc formed a dissenting sect called LES PRIMITIFS Barbus bearded ones Meditateurs or Penseurs Broc was typical of the Primitifs in finding inspiration in Greek vase painting and Italian 15th-century art  Jean de Beaumetz Artoisactive from 1361-Dijon 1396  Jean Francois Boisselat Portrait de Francois marquis de Barbe-Marbois 1745-1837  Jean-Achille Benouville 15 July 1815 Paris – 8 February 1891 Paris was a French landscape painter of the academic painting school known for his Italian landscapes François-Leon Benouville was his younger brother  Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot July 17 1796 – February 22 1875 was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching Corot was the leading painter of the Barbizon school of France in the mid-nineteenth century He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously references the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipates the plein-air innovations of Impressionism  Jean-Baptiste Capronnier 1814-1891 was a Belgian stained glass painter Born in Brussels in 1814 he had much to do with the modern revival of glass-painting and first made his reputation by his study of the old methods of workmanship and his clever restorations of old examples and copies made for the Brussels archaeological museum He carried out windows for various churches in Brussels including the Église Royale Sainte-Marie Bruges Amsterdam and elsewhere and his work was commissioned also for France Italy and England At the Paris Exhibition of 1855 he won the only medal given for glasspainting He died in Brussels in 1891  Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux May 11 1827 – October 12 1875 was a French sculptor and painter Born in Valenciennes Nord son of a mason his early studies were under François Rude Carpeaux entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1844 and won the Prix de Rome in 1854 and moving to Rome to find inspiration he there studied the works of Michelangelo Donatello and Verrocchio Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861 he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity which he joined with the great principles of baroque art Carpeaux sought real life subjects in the streets and broke with the classical tradition While a student in Rome Carpeaux submitted a plaster version of Pe – heur napolitain e la coquille the Neapolitan Fisherboy to the French Academy He carved the marble version several years later showing it in the Salon exhibition of 1863 It was purchased for Napoleon III’s empress Eugenie The statue of the young smiling boy was very popular and Carpeaux created a number of reproductions and variations in marble and bronze There is a copy for instance in the Samuel H Kress Collection in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC Some years later he carved the Girl with a Shell a very similar study In 1861 he made a bust of Princess Mathilde and this later brought him several commissions from Napoleon III  Jean-Baptiste Corot 1796-1875 was a French landscape painter and printmaker in etching Corot was the leading painter of the Barbizon school of France in the mid-nineteenth century He is a pivotal figure in landscape painting and his vast output simultaneously references the Neo-Classical tradition and anticipates the plein-air innovations of Impressionism Camille Corot was born in Paris in 1796 in a house at 125 Rue du Bac now demolished His family were bourgeois people his father was a wigmaker and his mother a milliner and unlike the experience of some of his artistic colleagues throughout his life he never felt the want of money as his parents made good investments and ran their businesses well After his parents married they bought the millinery shop where she had worked and he gave up his career as a wigmaker to run the business side of the shop The store was a famous destination for fashionable Parisians and earned the family an excellent income Corot was the middle of three children born to the family who lived above their shop during those years Corot received a scholarship to study in Rouen but left after having scholastic difficulties and entered a boarding school He was not a brilliant student and throughout his entire school career he did not get a single nomination for a prize not even for the drawing classes Unlike many masters who demonstrated early talent and inclinations toward art before 1815 Corot showed no such interest During those years he lived with the Sennegon family whose patriarch was a friend of Corot’s father and who spent much time with young Corot on nature walks It was in this region that Corot made his first paintings after nature At nineteen Corot was a big child shy and awkward He blushed when spoken to Before the beautiful ladies who frequented his mother’s salon he was embarrassed and fled like a wild thing Emotionally he was an affectionate and well-behaved son who adored his mother and trembled when his father spoke When Corot’s parents moved into a new residence in 1817 the twenty-one year old Corot moved into the dormer-windowed room on the third floor which became his first studio as well With his father’s help he apprenticed to a draper but he hated commercial life and despised what he called “business tricks” yet he faithfully remained in the trade until he was 26 when his father consented to his adopting the profession of art Later Corot stated I told my father that business and I were simply incompatible and that I was getting a divorce The business experience proved beneficial however by helping him develop an aesthetic sense through his exposure to the colors and textures of the fabrics Perhaps out of boredom he turned to oil painting around 1821 and began immediately with landscapes  Jean-Baptiste Deshays French Baroque Era Painter 1729-1765 was a French painter of religious and mythological subjectsHis first training was under his father the minor Rouen painter Jean-Dominique Deshays he then spent a little time under Jean-Baptiste Descamps at his Ecole Gratuite de Dessin He spent time in Hyacinthe Collin de Vermont’s Paris studio from around 1740 to 1749 and Jean Restout II’s from late 1749 to 1751 Both these had been pupils of Jean Jouvenet and painted in the Grand Style of French history painting a style Deshays adopted as his own While he was in Restout’s studio Deshays entered the Prix de Rome competition winning second prize in 1750 with His 1750 Laban Giving his Daughter in Marriage to Jacob won the second prize in the Grand Prix de Rome and his 1751 Job on the Dung-hill the first prize Deshays served the compulsory three years training at the Ecole des Eleves Protgs where he learnt from Carle van Loo its director and attracted some religious commissions including two vast canvases a Visitation and an Annunciation for the monastery of the Visitation at Rouen before going to Rome  Jean-Baptiste Francois Desoria Jean-Baptiste François Desoria 1758-1832 Both once enjoyed considerable renown among the elite of the Paris Enlightenment today their names are barely known Jean-Baptiste François Desoria 1758-1832 born in Paris was with the exception of some portraiture primarily a history painter in the Neo-Classical style of his slightly older contemporary Jacques-Louis David Constance Pipelet born in Nantes in 1767 was a surgeon’s wife later divorced turned writer and librettist she was noted primarily for her opera Sapho and her Epître aux femmes Epistle to the Women Like her French predecessor of some four centuries earlier Christine de Pizan Constance Pipelet celebrated in writing the intellectual achievements of women  Jean-Baptiste Greuze French Rococo Era Painter 1725-1805 French painter and draughtsman He was named an associate member of the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture Paris in 1755 on the strength of a group of paintings that included genre scenes portraits and studies of expressive heads tetes d’expression These remained the essential subjects of his art for the next 50 years except for a brief concentrated and unsuccessful experiment with history painting in the late 1760s which was to affect his later genre painting deeply Though his art has often been compared with that of Jean-Simeon Chardin in particular and interpreted within the context of NEO-CLASSICISM in general it stands so strikingly apart from the currents of its time that Greuze’s accomplishments are best described as they often were by the artist’s contemporaries as unique He was greatly admired by connoisseurs critics and the general public throughout most of his life His pictures were in the collections of such noted connoisseurs as Ange-Laurent de La Live de Jully Claude-Henri Watelet and Etienne-Franeois Duc de Choiseul For a long period he was in particular favour with the critic Denis Diderot who wrote about him in the Salon reviews that he published in Melchior Grimm’s privately circulated Correspondance littraire His reputation declined towards the end of his life and through the early part of the 19th century to be revived after 1850 when 18th-century painting returned to favour by such critics as Theophile Thore Arsene Houssaye and most notably Edmond and Jules de Goncourt in their book L’Art du dix-huitieme siecle By the end of the century Greuze’s work especially his many variations on the Head of a Girl fetched record prices and his Broken Pitcher Paris Louvre was one of the most popular paintings in the Louvre  Jean-Baptiste Hilair French 1753-1822  Jean-Baptiste Huysmans Flemish 1654-1716  Jean-Baptiste Jouvenet 1644-1717 French Jean Baptiste Jouvenet Galleries He came from an artistic family one of whom Noel Jouvenet may have taught Nicolas Poussin He early showed remarkable aptitude for his profession and on arriving in Paris attracted the attention of Le Brun by whom he was employed at Versailles and under whose auspices in 1675 he became a member of the Acadmie royale of which he was elected professor in 1681 and one of the four perpetual rectors in 1707 He also worked under Charles de la Fosse in the Invalides and Trianon The great mass of works that he executed chiefly in Paris many of which including his celebrated Miraculous Draught of Fishes engraved by Audran also Landon Annales i 42 are now in the Louvre show his fertility in invention and execution and also that he possessed in a high degree that general dignity of arrangement and style which distinguished the school of Le Brun Jouvenet died on the 5 April 1717 having been forced by paralysis during the last four years of his life to work with his left hand  Jean-Baptiste Lallemand 1716-1803 was a French artist born in Dijon He was mainly a painter and draftsman of landscapes and genre works He sometimes signed himself Lallemant or AllemanusAfter a stay in Italy he went to Paris and became a member of the Academie de Saint-Luc He died in Paris The Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon owns many of his works including a drawing and a painting showing the Château de Montmusard His works also feature in the collections of the Musee Carnavalet and the Cabinet des estampes of the Bibliotheque nationale both in Paris  Jean-Baptiste Le Prince French Painter 1734-1781French painter draughtsman and printmaker Born to a family of ornamental sculptors and gilders he became famous for creating a new kind of genre picture based on the direct observation of Russian subjects and also for perfecting aquatint technique Sometime around 1750 he became a pupil of Franois Boucher thanks to the protection of the Marchal de Belle-Isle 1684-1761 governor of Metz Boucher’s saturated brushwork highly finished surfaces and incisive drawing had a decisive impact upon the young artist as did perhaps the diversity of his output He was also inspired by 17th-century Dutch and Flemish genre and landscape painters  Jean-Baptiste marie pierre French Painter b 1713 Paris d 1789 Paris  Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer 12 January 1636 – 20 February 1699 was a Franco-Flemish painter who specialised in flower pieces He was attached to the Gobelins tapestry workshops and the Beauvais tapestry workshops too where he produced cartoons of fruit and flowers for the tapestry-weavers and at Beauvais was one of three painterswho collaborated to produce cartoons for the suite The Emperor of China He was born at Lille but was in Paris by 1650 where he was documented working on the decors of the Hôtel Lambert He was taken up by Charles Le Brun for decorative painting at the Château de Marly and at the Grand Dauphin’s residence the Château de Meudon He was received at the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1665 with a piece of the genre that he made his specialty a still life of flowers and fruit combined with objets d’art His only appearance at the Paris salon was in 1673  Jean-Baptiste Oudry 17 March 1686 – 30 April 1755 was a French Rococo painter engraver and tapestry designer He is particularly well known for his naturalistic pictures of animals and his hunt pieces depicting game Jean-Baptiste Oudry was born in Paris the son of Jacques Oudry a painter and art dealer and of his wife Nicole Papillon who belonged to the family of the engraver Jean-Baptiste-Michel Papillon His father was a director of the Academie de St-Luc art school which Oudry joined At first Oudry concentrated on portraiture and he became a pupil and perhaps a collaborator of Nicolas de Largilliere from 1707 to 1712 He graduated at only 22 years of age on 21 May 1708 at the same time as his two older brothers The next year he married Marie-Marguerite Froisse1 the daughter of a miroitier a mirror-maker to whom he gave lessons in painting Oudry became an assistant professor at Academie de Saint-Luc in 1714 and professor on 1 July 1717 He was inducted as a member of the prestigious Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1719 and was engaged as a professor there in 1743 After producing mainly portraits Oudry started to produce still life paintings of fruits or animals aa well as paintings of religious subjects such as the Nativity Saint Giles and the Adoration of the Magi  Jean-Baptiste Pater Jean-Baptiste Pater December 29 1695 – July 25 1736 was a French rococo painter Born in Valenciennes Pater was the son of sculptor Antoine Pater and studied under him before becoming a student of painter Jean-Baptiste Guide Pater then moved to Paris briefly becoming a pupil of Antoine Watteau in 1713 Watteau despite treating Pater badly had a significant influence on him However the two quarreled and Pater returned to Valenciennes where he remained for two years In 1721 Pater and the dying Watteau reconciled subsequently Pater became a student of Watteau once again although only for a month before the latter’s death Pater later claimed to have learnt everything he knew during those few weeks with Watteau He was accepted into the Academie in 1728 presenting a large military work in the popular Watteau style – La Rejouissance des Soldats Louvre1 Pater adopted the popular Fete galante subject matter heavily imitating his teacher Watteau indeed he directly copied some of his figures Pater used a traditional Rococo pastel palette His most characteristic difference in style from other artists of the time surrounded his use of shimmering lines His most prominent customer was Frederick the Great who sat for two portraits in the “Turquerie” style: LeSultan au Harem and Le Sultan au Jardin One of Pater’s most renowned works is Landscape with a Cart Schloss Charlottenburg which is considered to display a feathery application of paint that anticipates Francesco Guardi The delicately constructed subject matter and figures subordination to the buildings represent a movement away from fete galante however this development was cut short by Pater’s death in 1736  Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guerin March 25 1783 – January 19 1855 French painter was born at Toulon of poor parents As a young man he learned his father’s trade of locksmithing whilst at the same time he followed the classes of the free school of art Having sold some copies to a local amateur Guerin started for Paris where he came under the notice of Vincent whose counsels were of material service In 1810 Guerin made his first appearance at the Salon with some portraits which had a certain success In 1812 he exhibited “Cain after the murder of Abel” formerly in Luxembourg and on the return of the Bourbons was much employed in works of restoration and decoration at Versailles  Jean-Baptiste Peronneau French 1715-1783  Jean-Baptiste Perronneau Paris c 1715 – Amsterdam 19 November 1783 was a French painter who specialized in portraits executed in pastels Perronneau began his career as an engraver apparently studying with Laurent Cars whose portrait he drew and working for the entrepreneurial printseller Gabriel Huquier rue Saint-Jacques Paris making his first portraits in oils and especially in pastels in the 1740s His career was much in the shadow of the master of the French pastel portrait Maurice Quentin de La Tour In the Salon of 1750 Perronneau exhibited his pastel portrait of Maurice-Quentin de la Tour but found to his dismay that La Tour was exhibiting his own self portrait perhaps a malicious confrontation to demonstrate his superiority in the technique He made his Salon debut with a pastel portrait in 1746 and received full membership in the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1753 with portraits of fellow artist Jean-Baptiste Oudry and the sculptor Lambert-Sigisbert Adam both now at the Louvre Museum After 1779 he no longer exhibited in the Paris Salons but the clientele in his portraits reveal how widely he travelled in the provinces of France with a group of sitters connected with Orleans but also in Toulouse Bordeaux Lyon Farther afield he may have been in Turin and Rome and in Spain Hamburg Poland Russia and England He died in Amsterdam virtually unknown according to his biographers |
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John Samuel Blunt bPortsmouth 1798 dAt Sea 1835  John WBeatty 1851-1924  John wharlton bunney 1828-1882 was an English topographical and landscape artist of the nineteenth century His father was a merchant captain whom Bunney as a boy accompanied on several voyages around the world Bunney demonstrated a strong talent for drawing and draftsmanship from an early age The young Bunney became a follower of John Ruskin he studied with Ruskin at the Working Men’s College soon after its founding in 1854 and later worked as a clerk for Smith Elder amp Co Ruskin’s publisher Bunney was able to give up his clerical job and make his living by his art and art teaching by 1859 Ruskin commissioned him to execute a series of drawings in Italy and SwitzerlandBunney married Elizabeth Fallon in 1863 The couple settled in Florence they would have four children Bunney worked for Ruskin’s St George’s Company later the Guild of St George in northern Italy for the remainder of his life In his career there Bunney produced a noteworthy pictorial record of Italy in his era Ruskin said that Bunney’s work was “so faithful and careful as almost to enable the spectator to imagine himself on the spot” Bunney was a friend of many of the Pre-Raphaelites especially William Holman Hunt From 1870 on Bunney lived and painted in Venice In 1876 Ruskin commissioned Bunney to paint a picture that included the entire western facade of St Mark’s Basilica  Jorg Breu the Elder c 1475 — 1537 of Augsburg was a painter of the German Danube school He was the son of a weaver He journeyed to Austria and created several multi-panel altarpieces there in 1500-02 such as the Melk Altar 1502 He returned to Augsburg in 1502 where he became a master He travelled to Italy twice in ca 1508 and in 1514/15 After his death in 1537 his son Jörg Breu the Younger continued to lead his Augsburg workshop until his own death 10 years later  Jose Tapiro y Bara 1830 – 1913  Josehp Bruggemann painted Vista do Desterro in 1867  Joseph Badger ca1707-1765 was a portrait artist in Boston Massachusetts in the 18th-century He painted some 80 portraits of merchants businessmen clergy and other notables and their wives and children Badger was born in Charlestown Massachusetts to tailor Stephen Badger and Mercy Kettell In 1731 he married Katharine Felch they moved to Boston around 1733 He was a member of the Brattle Street Church He “began his career as a house-painter and glazier and … throughout his life continued this work besides painting signs hatchments and other heraldic devices in order to eke out a livelihood when orders for portraits slackened”  Joseph Barney 1753 – 13 April 1832 was an English artist and engraver He is usually described as a pupil of Antonio Zucchi and Angelica Kauffmann and as a fruit and flower painter to the Prince Regent He was born in Wolverhampton Two of his large-scale paintings – altar pieces eThe Deposition from the Crosse 1781 and eThe Apparition of Our Lord to St Thomase 1784 have been preserved in Wolverhampton and can be seen today at St Johnes church and at St Peter amp St Paules Roman Catholic church During Barneyes life-time his artistic achievements were respected and praised In 1798 Stebbing Shaw mentioning eThe Deposition from the Crosse in his eHistory of Staffordshiree called Barney a enative geniuse of Wolverhampton In the collection of Wolverhampton Art Gallery there is a pen and ink drawing eA Blind Musiciane which gives some additional idea of quality and versatility of Barneyes works  Joseph Benoit Suvee 1747-1807 French Joseph Benoit Suvee Gallery  Joseph Bidauld Val d’Oise1846 French painter He was apprenticed in Lyon for six years with his brother Jean-Pierre-Xavier Bidauld 1745-1813 a landscape and still-life painter Subsequently they left Lyon to travel together in Switzerland and Provence In 1783 he moved to Paris where he met Joseph Vernet from whom he received valuable advice Joseph-Siffred Duplessis and Jean-Honor Fragonard In 1785 he went to Rome with the assistance of Cardinal de Bernis and his patron the dealer and perfumer Dulac He stayed there for five years travelling through Tuscany Umbria and Campania and painting such works as Roman Landscape 1788 Basle Kstmus Bidauld was closely involved with the circle of French Neo-classical painters in Rome in the 1780s He was friendly with Louis Gauffier Nicolas-Antoine Taunay and especially with Guillaume Lethiere who became his brother-in-law and with whom he occasionally collaborated On his return to Paris in 1790 he travelled extensively in France  Joseph Blackburn English-born American Rococo Era Painter ca1700-1780  Joseph Blondel Merry-Joseph Blondel Paris July 5 1781 – Paris June 12 1853 was a French neo-classic painter After a first training in the Dilh et Guerhard porcelain factory he later was a painting student of Jean-Baptiste Regnault He won in 1803 Price of Rome with his painting Enee portant son pere Anchise He lived in Villa Medicis in Rome Italy from 1809 to 1812 and won a gold award for his painting Mort de Louis XII He then started a career as an interior decorator Fontainebleau Castel Brongniart Palace Louvre Museum Senat  Joseph Van Bredael Flemish 1688-1739  Joseph-Benoit Suvee 3 January 1743 – 9 February 1807 was a Flemish painter strongly influenced by French neo-classicism He was born in Bruges Initially a pupil of Matthias de Visch he came to France aged 19 and became a pupil of Jean-Jacques Bachelier In 1771 he won the Prix de Rome In Rome from 1772 to 1778 he prolonged the usual duration allowed to pensionaries of the French Academy in Rome He was named an academician on his return to Paris and he opened an art school for young women at the Louvre He emulated and competed with Jacques-Louis David earning his enduring hatred Named the French Academy in Rome’s director in 1792 replacing François-Guillaume Menageot he was imprisoned for a while in the Prison Saint-Lazare and only able to take up the post in 1801 After a brilliant career and a six years’ stay in Rome as the Academy’s Director he died there suddenly His works include Achilles depositing the body of Hector at the feet of the body of Patroclus 1769 Louvre and Cornelia mother of the Gracchi 1795 Louvre  joseph-Louis-Hippolyte Bellange b1800-d1866  jozef brandt Jozef Brandt b Szczebrzeszyn 1841 – Radom 1915 was a Polish painter best known for his paintings of battles Brandt studied in Warsaw in the school of JN Leszczynski and at the Noblemen Institute In 1858 he left for Paris to study at the Ecole centrale Paris but was persuaded by Juliusz Kossak to abandon engineering in favor of painting At one point he studied as a painter under Franz Adam  Juan Bautista de Espinosa 1590-1641 Madrid was a Spanish still life painter More paintings remain of him than biographical data and there is only one known painting remaining It is only known that he worked in Toledo and Madrid from 1612 to 1626 and judging by his style he was trained in Holland De Espinosa’s style is judged to be the transition from Flemish Baroque to Spanish Baroque Several mural paintings in Spanish churches are also attributed to him one of these is in Alcaudete  Juan Bautista del Mazo Juan Bautista Martenez del Mazo c1612 – 10 February 1667 was a Spanish Baroque portrait and landscape painter the most distinguished of the followers of Velezquez whose style he imitated more closely than did any other artist A fine painter himself Mazo was a master of landscape as proven by his most celebrated work View of Saragossa  Juan de Borgona Spanish Painter ca1470-1534 was a High Renaissance painter who was born in the Duchy of Burgundy probably just before it ceased to exist as an independent state and was active in Spain from about 1495 to 1534 His earliest documented work was painted in 1495 for the cloister of the Cathedral of Toledo Borgoñas compositions are well balanced with finely drawn figures in elegant tranquil poses They are set either against open spaces leading on to craggy landscapes or against gold embroidered drapery There were a number of foreign painters active in Spain in this period including Juan de Flandes Borgonas students include Pedro de Cisneros the Elder died 1546 Antonio de Comontes ca 1500-1519  Juan Manuel Blanes June 8 1830 – April 15 1901 was a noted Uruguayan painter of the Realist school Blanes was born in Montevideo Uruguay in 1830 He was raised by his mother with whom he relocated to the countryside in his early teens Blanes took an interest in drawing at this point and shortly afterwards was hired as an illustrator for a Montevideo newsdaily El Defensor de la Independencia Americana Earning extra income with watercolors he returned to his mother and in 1854 established his first atelier He married Marea Linari and in 1855 the couple settled in Salto where he worked as a portrait painter They relocated to Concepcien del Uruguay across the Uruguay River in Argentina in 1857 and Blanes was commissioned by Argentine President Justo Jose de Urquiza to complete a number of portraits allegories and landscapes to grace his nearby estancia the Palacio San Jose Returning to Montevideo in 1861 the talented painter obtained a scholarship from the Uruguayan government and with it traveled with his family to Florence Italy where he studied under Antonio Ciseri until 1864 The experience became a valuable calling card for Blanes who became of Uruguay’s most sought-after portraiteurs The 1871 outbreak of a yellow fever epidemic in Buenos Aires inspired his first renowned work which he exhibited to acclaim in the recovering city His 1872 portrait of the Argentine War of Independence hero General Jose de San Marten The Review in Rancagua was also a success in Buenos Aires and Blanes was invited to Chile to display the historic depiction  Jules Bastien-Lepage French Realist Painter 1848-1884 French painter Bastien-Lepage grew up on a farm Although his earliest efforts in drawing were encouraged his parents violently objected when he decided to become a professional artist To mollify them he worked for a time as a postal clerk in Paris while studying at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts In 1868 he left the civil service and was accepted into Alexandre Cabanel’s atelier During this apprenticeship Bastien-Lepage won two prizes in drawing and in 1870 he made his dbut at the Salon with a Portrait of a Young Man untraced In the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 he joined a regiment of sharpshooters and was severely wounded in the chest When he recovered he attempted unsuccessfully to find work as an illustrator  Jules Breton 1827-1906 French Jules Breton Locations French painter and writer After the death of his mother he was brought up in the village of Courrires by his father grandmother and uncle The last instilled in him respect for tradition and a commitment to the philosophical ideas of the 18th century Breton father as supervisor of the lands of the Duc de Duras encouraged him to develop a deep knowledge of and affection for his native region and its heritage which remained central to his art  Julia Beck Swedish 1853-1935  Julius von Blaas 1845-1923was an Italian painter the second son of Karl born at Albano Italy He studied under his father devoted himself principally to equestrian subjects and went to Rome where he painted genre scenes from the Campagna His “Race of Intoxicated Slavonic Peasants” 1869 is in the Imperial Museum of Vienna as is “Antlassritt” 1899 Julius von Blaas was much employed by the Austrian court as a portrait painter and became professor in the Academy of Vienna  Karin Bergoo painted Stilleben med frukter och krus in 1877  Karl Blechen German Romantic 1798-1840 sometimes given as Karl Blechen was a German painter specializing in fantastic landscapes sometimes with demons and grotesque figures Born in Cottbus he drew the attention of prominent architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel who cast him as a decorative painter Blechen however aimed for higher work and began producing landscape paintings In 1827 he went to Italy  Karl Bodmer Swiss Painter 1809-1893Swiss painter and graphic artist active in the USA and France His earliest exposure to art probably came from his uncle the landscape painter and engraver Johann Jakob Meyer 1787-1858 When he was 22 Bodmer moved to Paris where he studied art under Sebastien Cornu In Paris he met his future patron Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied who was planning an ambitious scientific expedition to North America Bodmer was engaged to accompany the expedition and to provide sketches of the American wilderness After touring the East Coast the party made their way westward via the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to St Louis MO and in 1833 travelled up the Missouri River into country scarcely inhabited by white men On the journey north to Ft MacKenzie WY Bodmer recorded the landscape and the groups of Indians they encountered Having wintered in Ft Clark ND they returned to New York and then Europe in 1834  Karl Briullov Russian Neoclassical/Romantic Painter 1799-1852was an internationally renowned Russian painter He is regarded as a key figure in transition from the Russian neoclassicism to romanticism Born of French parents in Saint Petersburg Carlo Brulleau as his name was spelled until 1822 felt drawn to Italy from his early years Despite his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts 1809C1821 Briullov never fully embraced the classical style taught by his mentors and promoted by his brother Alexander Briullov After distinguishing himself as a promising and imaginative student and finishing his education he left Russia for Rome where he worked until 1835 as a portraitist and genre painter though his fame as an artist came when he began doing historical painting His best-known work The Last Day of Pompeii 1830C1833 is a vast composition compared by Pushkin and Gogol to the best works of Rubens and Van Dyck It created a sensation in Italy and established Briullov as one of the finest European painters of his day After completing this work he triumphantly returned to the Russian capital where he made many friends among the aristocracy and intellectual elite and obtained a high post in the Imperial Academy of Arts  Karl Edaurd Biermann painted Finstermunz Pass in Tyrol in 1830  Karl Pavlovic Brullow 1799-1852  Kate Elizabeth Bunce English Pre-Raphaelite Painter 1856-1927  Knud Bergslien May 15 1827 – November 27 1908 was a Norwegian painter art teacher and master artist In his art he frequently portrayed the lives of the Norwegian people their history and heroes of the past Bergslien is most associated with his historical paintings especially Skiing Birchlegs Crossing the Mountain with the Royal Child Knud Larsen Bergslien was born in Voss in Hordaland Norway His parents were Lars Bergeson Bergslien and Kirsten Knutsdotter Gjelle Knud Bergslien was the brother of sculptor Brynjulf Bergslien and uncle of painter and sculptor Nils Bergslien Monuments honoring the three famous Bergslien artists now exist in Bergslien park located in Voss Hordaland  Krzysztof Aleksander Boguszewski painted Virgin Mary on the dragon surrounded by angels in 1629  Lady Anne Barnard 12 December 1750-6 May 1825 nee Anne Lindsay eldest daughter of James Lindsay 5th Earl of Balcarres was born at Balcarres House Fife Scotland She was author of the ballad Auld Robin Gray and an accomplished travel writer artist and socialite of the period Her five year residence in Cape Town South Africa although brief had a significant impact on the cultural and social life of the time  Lajos Bruck painted Hazateres in 1910  LEDESMA Blas de Spanish painter documented 1602-1614 in GranadaSpanish painter He is known to have worked in Granada from 1602 and in 1614 he designed a stucco vault decoration for the Alhambra Archival sources testify to his renown as a painter of decorative fresco grotesques untraced and still-lifes His activity as a still-life painter remains debatable partly because he has been confused with Blas de Prado and also because of Torres Marten’s controversial attributions Ledesma’s only unanimously accepted autograph painting is Still-life with Cherries and Flowers Atlanta GA High Mus A signed in Granada A highly decorative painting it shows none of the sophistication of still-lifes by Juan Senchez Cotn in Granada from 1603 It is painted meticulously and drily Depicting a severely drawn rather flat basket on a narrow ledge flanked by flowers behind it the rigorously symmetrical composition is relieved only by soft lighting and the studied disarray of some fallen cherries Two other unsigned and poorly preserved still-lifes of analogous subject-matter have been attributed to Ledesma  Leon Bakst Russian Art Deco Designer and Illustrator 1866-1924  Leon Bazille Perrault 20 June 1832 Poitiers – 1908 Royan was a French painter A student of William Bouguereau and François-Edouard Picot he exhibited at the Salon from 1863 onwards producing several works in the academic tradition He was famous for his le petit naufrag The little shipwrecked boy 1874 and his paintings of children  leon belly French Academic Painter 1827-1877  Leon Benouville Paris 1821 – Paris 1859 was a French painter Leon Benouville first studied with his elder brother Jean-Achille Benouville 1815-1891 in the studio of François-Edouard Picot before he transferred to Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1837 Like his brother he received the Prix de Rome in 1845 In Rome as a Prix de Rome pensionary at the Villa Medici he stayed with his brother and met the sculptor Charles Gumery  Leon Bonnat French Academic Painter 1833-1922was a French painter He was born in Bayonne but from 1846 to 1853 he lived in Madrid Spain where his father owned a bookshop In Madrid he received his artistic training under Madrazo He later worked in Paris where he became known as a leading portraitist His many portraits show the influence of Velazquez and the Spanish realists He won a medal of honor at Paris in 1869 where he became one of the leading artists of his day Bonnat went on to become a professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1882 In May 1905 he succeeded Paul Dubois as director His vivid portrait-painting is his most characteristic work but his subject pictures such as the Martyrdom of St Denis in the Pantheon are also famous Some of Bonnat’s more notable students include: Gustave Caillebotte Suzor-Cote Georges BraqueRaoul Dufy Marius Vasselon Fred Barnard  Leon Joseph Florentin Bonnat 20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922 was a French painter He was born in Bayonne but from 1846 to 1853 he lived in Madrid where his father owned a bookshop While tending his father’s shop he copied engravings of works by the Old Masters developing a passion for drawing In Madrid he received his artistic training under Madrazo He later worked in Paris where he became known as a leading portraitist never without a commission His many portraits show the influence of Velezquez Jusepe de Ribera and other Spanish masters as well as Titian and Van Dyke whose works he studied in the Prado Following the period in Spain Bonnat worked the ateliers of the history painters Paul Delaroche and Leon Cogniet 1854 in Paris Despite repeated attempts he failed to win the prix de Rome finally receiving only a second prize However a scholarship from his native Bayonne allowed him to spend three years in Rome 1858 – 60 independently During his stay in Rome he became friends with Edgar Degas Gustave Moreau Jean-Jacques Henner and the sculptor Henri Chapu He won a medal of honor in Paris in 1869 going on to become one of the leading artists of his day Bonnat went on to win the Grand Officer of the Legion d’honneur and became a professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1882 Bonnat was quite popular with American students in Paris In addition to his native French he spoke Spanish and Italian and knew English well to the relief of many monolingual Americans In May 1905 he succeeded Paul Dubois as director of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts Bonnat “was a liberal teacher who stressed simplicity in art above high academic finish as well as overall effect rather than detail” explains Julius Kaplan see References Bonnat’s emphasis on overall effect on the one hand and rigorous drawing on the other put him in a middle position with respect to the Impressionists and academic painters like his friend Jean-Leon Gerôme  Leonaert Bramer 24 December 1596 – 10 February 1674 buried was a Dutch painter best known for probably being one of the teachers of Johannes Vermeer although there is no similarity between their work Bramer’s dark and exotic style is unlike Vermeer’s style Bramer was primarily a genre and history painter but also made some unique frescos not very often found north of the Alps Leonaert Bramer is one of the most intriguing personalities in seventeenth-century Dutch art He was a talented and diligent draughtsman evidently Roman Catholic and a lifelong bachelor Bramer was born in Delft In 1614 at the age of 18 he left on a long trip eventually reaching Rome in 1616 via Atrecht Amiens Paris Aix February 1616 Marseille Genoa and Livorno In Rome he was one of the founders of the Bentvueghels group of Northern artists He lived with Wouter Crabeth and got into a fight with Claude Lorraine He dedicated a poem to Wybrand de Geest Bramer remained on and off in Rome until October 1627 visiting Mantua and Venice often for deliveries and to meet Domenico Fetti In Italy Bramer was nicknamed Leonardo della Notte “Leonardo of the night” In 1648 he went to Rome for a second time By 1628 he was back in Delft where he joined the Guild of Saint Luke in 1629 and the schutterij Among his many patrons were members of the House of Orange but local burgomasters and schepen also bought his paintings in great numbers3 He was a many sided artist designing for tapestry firms in Delft painting murals and ceilings some of which are illusionistic in style He painted real frescos in the Civic Guard house the nearby stadholder’s palaces in Honselersdijk Rijswijk the Communal Land Housde and the Prinsenhof in Delft3 Due to the Dutch climate they no longer survive He evidently knew the greatest of his Delft contemporaries Johannes Vermeer as he came to the latter’s defence when his future mother-in-law was trying to prevent him from marrying her daughter  Leonardo Bazzaro Milan 1853-1937 was an Italian painter After picking up the basics in the studio of the painter Gaetano Fasanotti Bazzaro enrolled at the Brera Academy in Milan where he was awarded the Fumagalli Prize in 1875 The following years saw a series of perspective views set in Milanese churches and mansions The success achieved with the public and critics alike at a number of major national and international events prompted him to take an interest also in portraiture and landscape painting for which his favourite settings were Venice and Chioggia The works of the 1880s and 1890s also include increasingly intimist scenes of everyday life in the setting of Valsassina Valle deAosta and Verbano Bazzaro continued to take part in numerous exhibitions in the region of Lombardy as well as the Venice Biennale and the Rome Quadrenniale right up to his death always achieving great success with collectors and being asked to execute replicas of his most popular subjects  Leonhard Beck German Northern Renaissance Painter ca1480-1542 Illuminator painter draughtsman and woodcutter son of Georg Beck He first appears as an illuminator and collaborator with his father in two Psalters for the Augsburg monastery of SS Ulrich and Afra in 1495 producing 35 coloured initial letters for each of them Augsburg Staats- amp Stadtbib Cod 49a These are vigorously coloured but fairly uniform in character with small lively biblical scenes excellently adapted to the letters Red green and blue predominate ochre tones provide a link with the gold ground The initial letter X is composed of splendidly curled entwining foliage with birds and half-figures of prophets the Virgin Joseph the Christ Child in the manger and the choir of angels are each enclosed in one of its sectors The figures are presented in a light easy manner the draughtsmanship avoids unnecessary detail  LICINIO Bernardino Italian painter Venetian school b ca 1489 Poscante d ca 1565 Venezia  LIMBOURG brothers Flemish painters b 1370-80 Nijmegen d 1416 Nijmegen family of Franco-Flemish manuscript illuminators The Limbourg brothers Pol Jan and Herman were trained as goldsmiths They succeeded Jacquemart de Hesdin in 1411 as court painters to Jean duc de Berry Their masterpiece is the magnificent book of hours known as the Trs Riches Heures c1415 Muse Cond Chantilly This is filled with exquisite illustrations of the daily life of the aristocracy and peasantry including a series of calendar illuminations that are considered the finest extant examples of the International Gothic style  Louis Bleuler Swiss 1792-1850  Louis bosworth hurt 1856-1829  Louis Buvelot Swiss-born Australian Painter 1814-1888 was a Swiss-born landscape painter who emigrated to Australia in 1865 and influenced the Heidelberg School of painters Buvelot was born in Morges Vaud Switzerland second son of Francois Simeon Buvelot postal official and his wife Jeanne-Louise nee Heizer a school teacher Louis Buvelot worked under Marc-Louis Arland at Lausanne and from around 1834 continued his studies at Paris with Camille Flers a well-known landscape painter of the day After a few months there he migrated to Bahia Brazil where he worked on his uncle’s coffee plantation In October 1840 Buvelot moved to Rio de Janeiro and attracted the notice of the emperor Dom Pedro II who bought some of his pictures and decorated him with the Order of the Rose In November 1843 Buvelot married Marie-Felicite nee Lalouette born 1816 Buvelot returned to Switzerland in 1852 and in 1856 was awarded a silver medal for a picture exhibited at Berne |
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The lens was designed specifically to treat those with cataracts To learn more about the IC-8 lens please select a location below: Locations United States Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bonaire Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Islands Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Croatia Curaçao Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Faeroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Republic of Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guinea Bissau Guinea Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Mozambique Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russia Rwanda Saba Saint Martin Saipan San Marino Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Slovak Republic Slovenia Somalia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka St Barthelemy St Croix St John St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Thomas St Vincent Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tortola Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay US Virgin Islands Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City State Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Gorda Wallis and Futuna Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe |
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International financial institution IFI is a financial institution that has been established by more than one country and hence are subjects of international law Its owners or shareholders are generally national governments although other international institutions and other organizations occasionally figure as shareholders The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple nations although some bilateral financial institutions created by two countries exist and are technically IFIs The best known IFIs were established after World War II to assist in the reconstruction of Europe and provide mechanisms for international cooperation in managing the global financial system Today the world’s largest IFI is the European Investment Bank A multilateral development bank MDB is an institution created by a group of countries that provides financing and professional advising for the purpose of development MDBs have large memberships including both developed donor countries and developing borrower countries MDBs finance projects in the form of long-term loans at market rates very-long-term loans below market rates and through grants There are also several sub-regional multilateral development banks Their membership typically includes only borrowing nations The banks lend to their members borrowing from the international capital markets -These banks include: • Caribbean Development Bank CDB • Central American Bank for Economic Integration CABEI • East African Development Bank EADB • West African Development Bank BOAD • Black Sea Trade and Development Bank BSTDB • Economic Cooperation Organization Trade and Development Bank ETDB • Eurasian Development Bank EDB • New Development Bank NDB formerly BRICS Development Bank Regional Development Banks : The regional development banks consist of several regional institutions that have functions similar to the World Bank group’s activities but with particular focus on a specific region Shareholders usually consist of the regional countries plus the major donor countries The best-known of these regional banks cover regions that roughly correspond to United Nations regional groupings including : – the Inter-American Development Bank -the Asian Development Bank -the African Development Bank -the Central American Bank for Economic Integration -the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The Islamic Development Bank is among the leading multilateral development banks IsDB is the only multilateral development bank after the World Bank that is global in terms of its membership 56 member countries of IsDB are spread over Asia Africa Europe and Latin America FRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12th HISTORYQ30 With reference to the ancient period who were Chandalas A Brahmanical communityB UntouchablesC WeaversD Farmers cultivating the fieldsAns BFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12th HISTORYQ29 With reference to the ancient period which among the following are correctly matched 1 jins-i kamil – perfect crops2 muqaddam – Village headman3 Majur – Labourers4 Halalkhoran – Scavangers5 Milkiyat – – PropertyWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B 235C 1234D All are correctAns AFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ28 Consider the following statements :1 Goldilocks Zone refers to a habitable zone in the planetary system with temporal variablity in rainfall2 Exoplanet is a planet that orbits the Sun amp also termed as extrostar planetWhich among the above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DExoplanet: It is a planet that does not orbit the Sun and instead orbits a different star stellar remnant or brown dwarf It is also termed as extrasolar planet Goldilocks zone: It refers to a habitable zone in the planetary system where the temperature is neither too high nor too low Such conditions could allow for the presence on the planet’s surface of liquid water – a key ingredient for lifeFRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ27 Which of the following are the mammals 1 Sea lion2 Red Panda3 Roe DeerCodes:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe red panda Ailurus fulgens also called lesser panda and red cat-bear is a small arboreal mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China that has been classified as vulnerable by IUCN as its wild population is estimated at less than 10000 mature individuals The population continues to decline and is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation poaching and inbreeding depression although red pandas are protected by national laws in their range countries The red panda is slightly larger than a domestic cat It has reddish-brown fur a long shaggy tail and a waddling gait due to its shorter front legs It feeds mainly on bamboo but is omnivorous and also eats eggs birds insects and small mammals It is a solitary animal mainly active from dusk to dawn and is largely sedentary during the dayFRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ26 Under the classification of IUCN Red Panda are classified as :A ExtinctB ThreatenedC VulnerableD EndangeredAns CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ25 Who among the following are the members of Shanghai Cooperation 1 China2 Russia3 Kazakhstan4 Kyrgyzstan5 Tajikistan6 India 7PakistanSelect the correct answer from the given codes :A 1345B 234567C 124567D All are correctAns DObservers: Afghanistan Iran Mongolia and BelarusFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ24 Who among the following are the founding members of the Ashgabat agreement 1 Uzbekistan2 Iran3 Turkmenistan4 Oman5 Kazakhstan Select the correct answer from the given codes :A 1345B 2345C Only 13 amp 5D All are correctAns DIt is a transit agreement established in year 2011It establishes international transport and transit corridor between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf countriesFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ23 With reference to the Sufism tradition which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Malfuzat – Conversation of Sufi saints2 Maktubat – Collection of letters 3 Tazkiras – Biographical account of saintsWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans CFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ22 With reference to the ancient period which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Auqaf – Charitable trusts2 Inam – Tax free land3 Sama – immediate requirements such as food clothes living quarters and ritual necessitiesWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans CFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ21 With reference to the ancient history which among the following was/were the characteristics of ancient temples 1 The early temple was a small square room called the garbhagriha with a single doorway for the worshipper to enter and offer worship to the image2 Tall structure ie shikhara was built over the central shrine3 Assembly halls huge walls and gateways and arrangements for supplying water Which among the above is/are correct A Only 3B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ20 With reference to the ancient rural society which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Vellalar – Large landowners2 Uzhavar – Ploughmen 3 Adimai – SlavesWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DImportant point :Gahapati was the owner master or head of a household who exercised control over the women children slaves and workers who shared a common residence He was also the owner of the resources – land animals and other things – that belonged to the household Sometimes the term was used as a marker of status for men belonging to the urban elite including wealthy merchantsFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ19 With reference to the ancient History what were Saddle querns A Grinding equipment for foodB Equipment used for IrrigationC Used for manufacturing of bricks in an ancient IndiaD Used for spinning of clothes Ans AProcessing of food required grinding equipment as well as vessels for mixing blending and cooking These were made of stone metal and terracotta This is an excerpt from one of the earliest reports on excavations at Mohenjodaro the best-known Harappan siteThey were made of hard gritty Igneous rocks or sandstoneFROM CDS PREVIOUS YEAR QUSTION amp WIKEPEDIAQ18 In context with the Dugong consider the following statements:1 It is close to the extinction2 It is found in gulf of katch off the saurashtra coast as well as Gulf of mannar3 It mostly depends upon the sea grassCodes:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe Gulf of Kutch is the only region on India’s west coast where the dugong – also known as a sea cow due to its vegetarian diet and feeding off of sea grass – is found with populations found on the coasts of Tamil Nadu and higher north on the east coastThe Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation a government body estimates about 15 dugongs to be alive in the region The species is listed as a schedule 1 animal under India’s wildlife protection laws and globally considered vulnerable to extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN a scientific bodyFRAMED FROM THE HINDU NEWSPAPERQ17 In context with the Green Energy corridor which among the following statement is correct A It will facilitate the flow of renewable energy into the grid electricityB It will help in reducing of environmental pollutionC It will facilitate the use amp recycle of natural resourcesD None of the aboveAns AIndia said the green energy corridor will facilitate the flow of renewable energy into its grid electricity The corridor will be built across seven states over the next five to six years“The project will be implemented with the assistance of Germany which has promised to provide developmental and technical assistance of €1 billion as soft creditThe grid will also receive support from the World Bank and India’s National Electricity Fund It aims to connect the southern grid to the national grid by 2014 to create the single largest transmission grid in the worldIndia’s wind and solar capacity has more than doubled in the last five years As of February India had 19564 MW of wind Solar the second largest source of renewable energy had 1208 MW of installed capacityLast month a joint study from Greenpeace and market analysts Bridge to India said Delhi could break the 2 GW solar power barrier by 2020 due to plummeting costs extensive roof space and the rising demand for electricityFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ16 Statements:1 Lomash rishi amp Sudama caves in the barabar hills modeled on wooden architectural prototypes are example of the earliest cave architecture in India2 Barabar hills caves were dedicated by Chandragupta Maurya to Ajivika monksCodes:A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThe Barabar Caves are the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India mostly dating from the Mauryan period 322–185 BCE and some with Ashokan inscriptions located in the Bela Ganj Block of Gaya District of Bihar India 24 km north of GayaThese caves are situated in the twin hills of Barabar four caves and Nagarjuni three caves – caves of the 16 km distant Nagarjuni Hill sometimes are singled out as Nagarjuni Caves These rock-cut chambers date back to the 3rd century BC Maurya period of Ashoka r 273 BC to 232 BC and his son Dasaratha Though Buddhists themselves they allowed various Jainsects to flourish under a policy of religious tolerance These caves were used by ascetics from the Ajivika sect founded byMakkhali Gosala a contemporary of Siddhartha Gautama the founder of Buddhism and of Mahavira the last and 24thTirthankara of Jainism Also found at the site several rock-cut Buddhist and Hindu sculptures Most caves at Barabar consist of two chambers carved entirely out of granite with a highly polished internal surface and exciting echo effect The first chamber was meant for worshippers to congregate in a large rectangular hall and the second a small circular domed chamber for worship this inner chamber probably had a small stupa like structure at some point though they are now emptyFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITEQ15 In context with the Bharatnatyam which among the following statements are correct 1 This form of dance has no words but is composed of pure dance sequences characterized by variety of moods2 Bharatnatyam leans heavily on the abhinaya followed by movement amp mime3 Jatiswaram Shabdam Varnam amp Tillana are the forms of BharatnatyamCodes:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DBharatnatyam originates in Tamil Nadu which is also referred to as artistic yoga and Natya yoga The name Bharatnatyam is derived from the word Bharata and thus associated with the Natyashastra Though the style of Bharatnatyam is over two thousand years old the freshness and richness of its essence has been retained even today The technique of human movement which Bharatnatyam follows can be traced back to the fifth Century AD from sculptural evidence This classical dance has a mesmerizing effect as it uplifts the dancer and the beholder to a higher level of spiritual consciousness It is a dancing style that comprises of Bhava Raga Tala and Natya which reflect the real meaning of the BharatnatyamBharatanatyam is arguably the oldest and most traditional classical dance style which seemas a synthesis of philosophy sculpture music and literature This dance got its name from Sage Bharata who wrote the Natya ShastraBharatanatyam is an energetic dance from wherein the postures and balanced position ie the weight of the body is placed squarely down the centre of the body There is emphasis on the striking of the floor with the feet There are jumps in the air as also pirouettes called bhramaris There are movements done with the knees contacting the floor These are called mandi adavusBharatanatyam can be performed solo or in a group The pure dance is called nritta and the expressive is nritya The solo dancer uses various methods of story-telling to interpret the verses and stories she performs The person who conducts the recital is called the natatuvanar who is generally the guru of the dancer He or the plays the cymbals called nattuvangam The other musicians are the vocalist the mridangist or percussion player of flutist a violinist and a veena playerOne of the greatest performers of Bharatanatyam has been Balasaraswati who was influential in popularising the dance as much as Rukmini Devi Arundale Balasaraswati was famous for her soulful renderings of abhinaya or mimetic piece in which she not only danced but sang as well The Steps amp PerformanceBharatanatyam is always performed with the knees of the dancers bent The dance form emphasizes on the hand movements to convey different kinds of emotions to the spectator While performing Bharatanatyam the artist visualizes his/her body as made up of triangles The steps of the dance are based upon a balanced distribution of body weight and firm positions of the lower limbs allowing the hands to cut into a line to flow around the body or to take positions that enhance the basic form In order to perform Bharatnatyam the artist should have the knowledge of the numerous subtle features of the dance styleFour Techniques:Karanas Described in Natya Shastra Karanas are defined as the 108 key transitional movements of Bharatanatyam that also feature in other classical da nce forms of India Karana is a Sanskrit word meaning ‘doing’ Classical dancer Padma Subramanyam is well known for her interpretation of Karanas which predominantly includes the leg hip body and arm movements complemented by hasta mudras as described in the Natya Shastra HastasThe use of expressive hand gestures is a highlighting feature of Bharatanatyam As the name suggests hastas are the wide variety of hand symbols used by the performer Some of the most well known hand gestures of the dance form include Anjali which is used as a symbol of salutation when a person greets his/her fellow dancer Hastas are broadly divided into two types – Asamyukta and SamyuktaAdavusAdavus is defined as a series of steps in Bharatanatyam The execution of the steps is different from style to style The 108 principals of adavus are recognized by most schools of Bharatanatyam As many as 60 adavus are used by many professional dancers Jathis is the combination of adavus and forms the Nritta passages in a Bharatanatyam performanceBhedas Eye amp Neck MovementsBharatanatyam is considered incomplete without bhedas and the expressive eye movements of the performer Neck and eye movements are used extensively in the dance form The shiro bheda head movements comprises of Sama Udhvahita Adhomukha AlolitaDhutam Kampitam Paravruttam Utkshiptam and ParivahitamTheme of Bharatnatyam Bharatnatyam is a solo feminine type of a dance which is tender and erotic The basic theme is love where the female dancers usually perform as a devotion to the Supreme Being or love of a mother for child It epitomizes the adoration of lovers separated and reunited This dance is considered to be a fire dance where there is a mysterious display of the abstract element of fire in the human body Technique of Bharatnatyam Among the various styles of Bharatnatyam the Pandanallur and the Vazhuvoor are more significant Pandanallur style is characterized by its deep sitting positions its slow Lasya padams and difficult standing positions Vazhuvoor is characterized by a static posture to break the monotony with rhythmical varietyThe technique of Bharatnatyam consists of Natya Nritta and Nritya Natya is the dramatic art which is the language of gestures poses and mimes Nritta includes the rhythmic and repetitive elements The Nritya is a combination of Nritta and Natya Abhinaya also is another technique It is subtle with more spontaneous expressionsThe theme of Bharatnatyam comes alive through the zealous performances of the dancers It is the combination of technique styles and Abhinaya It starts with an invocation to Lord Gnana Sabesar of Vazhuvoor The themes are personalized depending on the dancer The dancers need to posses ten essential attributes which include Agility Steadiness graceful lines balance in pirouettes glance hard work intelligence devotion good speech and singing abilityDressing styleThe commonly used style in bharatanatyam are the skirt saree style or the pyjama style Dancers were costumes made of silk sarees with gold zari embroidery designs The pleats in this costumes opens beautifully When the dancer forms a particular posture especially ariamandihalf sitting and muzhu mandifull sittingRole of Music in Bharatnatyam Music plays an important role in Bharatnatyam The musical accompaniment of the Carnatic School predominates over the raga in the Nritta passages The chief musical instruments used in Bharatnatyam are the Mridangam and a pair of Cymbals The cymbals provide the timing and the Mridangam provides fractional measures of the broad beats The dancer follows both A tambura is also used to provide the scale for the refrain The musical instruments used are Mridangam Manjira Vina Violin Kanjira Surpeti Venu and Tanpura The costume consists of a richly embroidered dhoti of silk for both male and female dancers There is a pleated or frilled cloth hanging from the waist to the knees which is laced over the DhotiFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITEQ14 Which among the following statements related to Kathakali are correct 1 Square and rectangular basic positions are commonly seen in Kathakali2 Weight of the body is on the outer edges of the feet which are slightly bent and curved3 It is characterized by facial expressions movement of eye balls amp lower eye lidsCodes:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DIntroductionKathakali is the most well known dance drama from the south Indian state of Kerala The word Kathakali literally means Story-Play It is known for its large elaborate makeup and costumes The elaborate costumes of Kathakali have become the most recognised icon for KeralaThe themes of the Kathakali are religious in nature They typically deal with the Mahabarat the Ramayana and the ancient scriptures known as thePuranas This is performed in a text which is generally Sanskritised MalayalamA Kathakali performance is a major social event They generally start at dusk and go through out the night Kathakali is usually performed only by men Female characters are portrayed by men dressed in women’s costume However in recent years women have started to become Kathakali dancersKathakali has a long tradition It dates back to the 17th century It was given its present form by Mahakavi Vallathol Narayan Menon who was the founder of the Kerala Kala MandalamThe actors rely very heavily on hand gesture to convey the story These hand gestures known as mudra are common through out much of classical Indian danceCostumeThe costume is the most distinctive characteristic of Kathakali The makeup is very elaborate and the costumes are very large and heavyThere are several kinds of costume There are: Sathwika the hero Kathi the villain Minukku females and Thatti These basic divisions are further subdivided in a way which is very well known to Malayali Keralite audiences Each character is instantly recognisable by their characteristic makeup and costumeThe makeup is very elaborate It is so elaborate that it is more like a mask than makeup in the usual sense The materials that comprise the makeup is all locally available The white is made from rice flour the red is made from Vermilion a red earth such as cinnabar The black is made from soot The colours are not merely decoration but are also a means of portraying characters For instance red on the feet is used to symbolise evil character and evil intentMusicThe music of Kathakali has some similarity to the larger body of South Indian classical music Carnatic sangeet however the instrumentation is decidedly different Its local colour is strongly achieved by the use of instruments such as chenda idakka and shuddha madalamFRAMED FROM THE HINDU NEWSPAPERQ13 ‘Come and make in India’ is an invitation forA Overseas Indian to return back to India and thus stop brain drainB Foreign companies to invest in India and sell anywhere in the worldC Foreign nationals to seek employment in indiaD Both a and cAns BFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ12 Central Government has proposed to establish a Telecom Finance Corporation TFC in the 12th Five Year Plan period 2012-17 Telecom Finance Corporation is categorized as :1 Non-banking Financial Company2 Non-Deposit Infrastructure Finance Company3 Public sector UnitWhich of the above statements is/are correct A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123AnsDFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ11 Recently which among the following products have accorded Geographical Indication Status 1 Vazhakkulam pineapple2 Central Travancore jiggery3 Pokkali rice4 Jeerakasala5 GandhakasalaWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 1235B Only 4C 2 34D 12345Ans DChengalikodan banana variety from Thrissur district of Kerala has been accorded Geographical Indication GI status by the Chennai based Central GI registryDarjeeling tea was the first agricultural product in India to be accorded with GI tagFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ10 Which among the following are included in the alternative investments 1 Infrastructure equity funds2 Real estate funds3 Social venture funds4 Private Investment in Public Equity funds5 Private equity fundCodes:A 1345B 2345C 1234D 12345Ans DFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ9 Which among the following are correct1 The Sufis were critical of the dogmatic definitions amp scholastic methods of interpreting the Quran amp Sunna tradition of prophet adopted by the theologians2The Sufis sought an interpretation of the Quran on the basis of their personal experienceCodes:A Only 1B Only 2 C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ8 Statements:1 Height of the tidal wave is regulated by the position of the earth moon amp sun2 Spinning of earth amp revolution of the moon determines the timing of the tideCodes:A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ7 Statements :1 Advocate general of state can be removed in same manner as a Judge of High Court2 Attorney general of India can be removed in same manner as of Judge of Supreme CourtCodes:A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DAdvocate general amp Attorney general holds office during the pleasure of PresidentFRAMED FROM HISTORY MANSI PUBLICATIONS OF BAQ6 Consider the following statements :1 MandapamsChawadis amp Gopurams are the part of the Chola architecture2 Dravidian architecture consists of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone soapstone or graniteCodes:A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CDravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the Southern part of the Indian subcontinent or South IndiaIt consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone soapstone or granite Mentioned as one of three styles of temple building in the ancient book Vastu shastra the majority of the existing structures are located in the Southern Indian states of Tamilnadu Karnataka Kerala and Andhra pradesh Various kingdoms and empires such as the Cholas the Chera the Pandyas the Pallavas the Gangas the Rashtrakutas the Chalukyas the Hoysalas and Vijayanagara Empire among others have made substantial contribution to the evolution of Dravidian architecture This styled architecture can also be found in parts of North India Northeastern and central Sri Lanka Maldives and various parts of Southeast Asia Angkor Wat in Cambodia and Prambanan in Indonesia were built based on Dravida architectureChola style temples consist almost invariably of the three following parts arranged in differing manners but differing in themselves only according to the age in which they were executed: The porches or Mandapams which always cover and precede the door leading to the cellGate-pyramids Gopurams which are the principal features in the quadrangular enclosures that surround the more notable templesGopurams are very common in dravidian templesPillard halls Chaultris or Chawadis are used for many purposes and are the invariable accompaniments of these templesBesides these a temple always contains tanks or wells for water – to be used for sacred purposes or the convenience of the priests – dwellings for all the grades of the priesthood are attached to it and other buildings for state or convenienceFRAMED FROM CDS PREVIOUS QUESTION amp WIKEPEDIAQ5 Statements:1 Sculptures of the Gandhara school stylistically are typically linked to the Greeco-Roman amp Parthian art of Iran2 Earliest stone Buddha images in the Swat valley pre-dated the Kushana period which suggests that certain iconographic conventions were already well established in the pre-kushana periodCodes:A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CGandhara is noted for the distinctive Gandhāra style of Buddhist art a consequence of merger of Greek Syrian Persian and Indian art traditions The development of this form of art started in Parthian Period50BC – 75AD Gandhāran style flourished and achieved its peak during the Kushan period from 1st Century to 5th Century It declined and suffered destruction after invasion of the White Huns in the 5th century Style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century BC and the 7th century AD The style of Greco-Roman origin seems to have flourished largely during the Kushan dynasty and was contemporaneous with an important but dissimilar school of Kushan art at Mathura Uttar Pradesh IndiaThe Gandhara region had long been a crossroads of cultural influences During the reign of the Indian emperor Ashoka around 3rd century BC the region became the scene of intensive Buddhist missionary activity and in the 1st century AD rulers of the Kushan empire which included Gandhara maintained contacts with Rome In its interpretation of Buddhist legends the Gandhara school incorporated many motifs and techniques from classical Roman art including vine scrolls cherubs bearing garlands tritons and centaurs The basic iconography however remained IndianThe materials used for Gandhara sculpture were green phyllite and gray-blue mica schist which in general belong to an earlier phase and stucco which was used increasingly after the 3rd century AD The sculptures were originally painted and gilded Gandhara’s role in the evolution of the Buddha image has been a point of considerable disagreement among scholars It now seems clear that the schools of Gandhara and Mathura each independently evolved its own characteristic depiction of the Buddha about the 1st century AD The Gandhara school drew upon the anthropomorphic traditions of Roman religion and represented the Buddha with a youthful Apollo-like face dressed in garments resembling those seen on Roman imperial statues The Gandhara depiction of the seated Buddha was less successful The schools of Gandhara and Mathura influenced each other and the general trend was away from a naturalistic conception and toward a more idealized abstract image The Gandharan craftsmen made a lasting contribution to Buddhist art in their composition of the events of the Buddha’s life into set scenes The Hellenistic influence was nowhere more dramatic than in Gandhara a term now used to describe the school of semi-classical sculptures of Pakistan and Afghanistan in the early centuries of our era Gandhara is the name of an ancient province and kingdom which in classical times was limited to a small region in ancient India The province Gandhara included roughly northwestern India between the Khyber Pass and the Indus River and the region of the Kabul Valley in Afghanistan However art and architecture from the Gandharean School had been found as far north as the Oxus River found in the Punjab In the sixth to fourth centuries BCE Gandhara was dominated under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Iran The successors of Alexander the Great maintained themselves in Bactria and Gandhara from 322 BCE to about 50 BCE however as early as the second century BCE these Greek Dynasties were already overrun by peoples of both nomadic and Parthian-Iranian origin Rejoined to India under the Maurya Dynasty the Gandhara province became the object of intense missionary activity by the Buddhist emperor Asoka reigned c 273-232 BCE He made Buddhism the state religion enforced the Buddhist doctrine of nonviolence ahimsa and prohibited animal sacrifices In the first century AD the Kushans a tribe of Scythian stock from north China made themselves masters of Gandhara Their rule however was interrupted by the invasion of the Persian King Shapur I in AD 242 and the Buddhist civilization of Gandhara was finally completely destroyed by the White Huns the Hephthalites in the sixth centuryThe disastrous invasion of the White Huns put an end to all further productive activity in the once flourishing Gandhara province Little is known about this time period except from Chinese pilgrims who as early as the fifth century AD undertook the long and arduous journey to the Holy Land of Buddhism Fa Hsien who traveled through the Peshawar Valley shortly after AD 400 described that the Gandhara province flourished and that Emperor Kanishka’s successors were well cared for When his successor Sung Yen visited the region in 520 he reported that the country had been overrun by the Huns A few years later he reported that the Huns had virtually expiated Buddhism had destroyed monasteries and had slashed most of the population in Gandhara A century later when the famous Chinese pilgrim Hsuan-Tsang traveled through north-west India he found Gandhara in a ruined depopulated state He describes in his Records of the Western Countries that ruined monasteries greeted him everywhere in the Peshawar Valley and reports of the terrible desolation of the once flourishing Buddhist centers However the final chapters of the Gandharan school has its setting in Kashmir and in remote centers such as Fondukistan and Afghanistan where artistic activity continued as late as the seventh century Excavations have produced many statues other artifacts and some monasteries Unfortunately there are no architectural monuments left intact in Gandhara only some structural remains and sculptured fragments However there is ample proof of active trade and cultural exchanges between the Mediterranean and the Kushan territories into China Gandhara art is often referred to as the Graeco-or-Roman-Buddhist school The founder of the School has been credited to the Kushan Emperor Kanishka c AD 129-160 because of his patronage to Buddhism and his great artistic development The character of Gandharan art is determined by the commercial relations between the Kushan and the Roman empires The many archaeological discoveries of Alexandrian and Syrian workmanship at Taxila in the Punjab and Begram in the Kabul valley testify to the cultural and diplomatic connections with the Graeco-Roman West Many artifacts in particular sculptures have survived and are now dispersed in major museums throughout the world Evidence of Hellenistic art in the form of architecture had been noted on a number of temples from the city of Sirkap at Taxila and on the tumbled columns of Ay Khanum’s administrative center Although the presence of this material provides a Hellenistic back ground for Gandhara art it was the introduction of foreign workers from the eastern centers of the Roman Empire that led to the creation of the first Buddhist sculptures It is not surprising that the Kushans a nomadic people without a tradition of monumental art requested the service of skilled artisans to meet the architectural and sculptural requirements for the many Buddhist establishments It can be assumed that the practice of importing foreign artisans continued from the days of Kanishka’s reign until the end of Buddhism in northwest India and the Punjab in the sixth to early seventh centuries The majority of Gandharan art was however created by native craftsmen following the successive waves of foreign influences The subject matter of Gandharan art was unquestionably Buddhist while most motifs were of western Asiatic or Hellenistic origin Mesopotamian motifs can be found on Persepolitan capitals or forms such as the Atlantis garland-bearing Eros and the semi-human creatures as the centaur and triton are part of the repertory of Hellenistic art and introduced by Roman Eurasian artists in the service of the Kushan court The fantastic monsters however the sphinxes and griffins had already been assimilated by the ancient Indian schools Sculptures played a very decisive role in the Buddhist monasteries where they had been found in large quantities Tall single statues were placed in chapels to be venerated by the monks and the faithful Other large figures in high relief were placed with their back to the wall and bass relief filled all manners of places and positions The Gandhara schools is probably credited with the first representation of the Buddha in human form the portrayal of Sakyamuni in his human shape rather than shown as a symbol Perhaps the school intended to create a human Bodhisattva a representation of Prince Siddhartha the Buddha Sakyamuni while still as a Bodhisattva All early Bodhisattvas are shown in wearing turbans jewelry and muslin skirts a costume that was an adaptation of the actual dress of Kushan and Indian nobles The jewelry of these royal statues were a duplication of Hellenistic and Samatian gold created by Western artisans A definite borrowing from Roman art was the method of representing the story of the Buddhas legend in a series of separate episodes and panels This was accomplished in much the same way than the pictorial iconography of the Christian legends based on the Roman methods On portraying the careers of the Caesar’s several distinct climactic events where shown on separate panels Another example are the earliest Gandhara Buddha’s where Sakyamuni is portrayed with the head of a Greek Apollo and arrayed in a Roman toga It is the same early representation of Christ which shows Him with the head of the Greek Sun-God but dressed in the garb of the teachers of the ancient Greek world The most frequently used material by Gandharan artists was a soft indigenous schist that varied in color from light to dark gray and often contained sparkling mica particles Many of these statues were covered with gold leaf to give them a luster in dark interiors The most popular media however became an easy-to-work material terracotta and stucco Because of the fragility of the material most statues were supported by attaching them to walls giving them the appearance of a three-dimensional relief Stucco sculptures were given a final coat of gesso which was then painted The most frequent subjects were representations of Buddha Bodhisattwas and attending monks or donors The Buddha images display a variety of ethnic types and expressions The human head usually has appears with a perfect oval face regular features with almond-shaped and slightly protruding eyes with gentle arching eyebrows a straight nose and beautifully cut lips with a subtle smile The Buddha’s influence is evident in the half-closed eyes suggesting meditation The face if often unbearded but sometimes a mustache strikes a foreign note most likely Kushan The usnisa or cranial bump a redestination the Buddha was born with is usually seen in the form of the chignon a knot or a roll of hear wrapped in silk on the dome of Buddha’s head The elongated ears indicate the heavy rich jewelry the Buddha woreThe Kushans were able to establish a strong empire for a period of about three hundred years and produced works of art reflecting both indigenous traditions and external influences The detection of Greek and Roman elements in the Gandharan School testifies to the active exchange of ideals among all the civilizations of the Classical and Central Asian worldsThe Gandhara School reached its peak toward the end of the second century with the production of the most significant large Buddha statues Their style continued to flourish into the third century until after the Sasanian invasion and continued until the seventh century in Afghanistan FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q4 Which among the following is involved in Tribhangi dance 1 Independent movement of head2 Stamping of the foot3 Independent movement of chest and pelvisCodes:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIA Q3 With reference to Chilgoza consider the following statements:1 They contain high antioxidants that protect the cells from damage2 It is the major source of carbohydrates amp fatsOptions:A only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AIt is the major source of Carbohydrates amp ProteinsFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ2 Consider the following statements :1 Mangroves are losing capacity to absorb carbon dioxide co2 due to the increased salinity of water 2 Absorption of co2 plays a role in reduction of warming of the earth Which of the above statements is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correct D Both are incorrect AnsCThe locked carbon in the plants is known as “Blue Carbons”FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q1 Twelve nations signed the historic Trans-Pacific Partnership TPP Agreement in Auckland recently TPP is a free trade area and accounts for around 40 of global trade Which one of the following is NOT a party to itA SingaporeB ChinaC JapanD MexicoAns BSignatories 12 • Australia • Brunei• Canada• Chile• Japan• Malaysia• Mexico• New Zealand• Peru• Singapore• United States• VietnamImportant Notes :Mahajanpadas :It was one of the sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE The 6th-5th century BCE is often regarded as a major turning point in early Indian history it saw the emergence of India’s first large cities after the demise of the Indus Valley Civilization as well as the rise of sramana movements including Buddhism and Jainism which challenged the religious orthodoxy of the Vedic Period Archaeologically this period corresponds in part to the Northern Black Polished Ware cultureThe Buddhist Anguttara Nikaya at several places gives a list of sixteen great nations:Another Buddhist text the Digha Nikaya mentions only the first twelve Mahajanapadas and omits the following:1 Panchala2 Surasena3 Vriji4 Vatsa or VamsaChulla-Niddesa another ancient text of the Buddhist canonadds Kalinga to the list and substitutes Yona for Gandhara thus listing the Kamboja and the Yona as the only Mahajanapadas from UttarapathaImportant Notes:Gautama Buddha c 563 BCE/480 BCE – c 483 BCE/400 BCE also known as Siddhārtha Gautama Shakyamuni Buddha or simply the Buddha after the title of Buddha was an ascetic śramaṇa and sage on whose teachings Buddhism was foundedHe is believed to have lived and taught mostly in the eastern part of ancient India sometime between the sixth and fourth centuries BCEBorn c 563 BCE or c 480 BCEDied c 483 BCE or c 400 BCE aged 80Apart from the Vedic Brahmins the Buddha’s lifetime coincided with the flourishing of influential Śramaṇa schools of thought like Ājīvika Cārvāka Jainism and AjñanaBrahmajala Suttarecords sixty-two such schools of thought There is also philological evidence to suggest that the two masters Alara Kalama and Uddaka Ramaputta were indeed historical figures and they most probably taught Buddha two different forms of meditative techniques Thus Buddha was just one of the many śramaṇa philosophers of that timeAccording to the Buddhist tradition Gautama was born in Lumbini now in modern-day Nepal and raised in the Shakya capital of Kapilvastu which may have been either in what is present day Tilaurakot Nepal or Piprahwa Indianote 1 He obtained his enlightenment in Bodh Gaya gave his first sermon in Sarnath and died in KushinagarThe oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts are the Gandhāran Buddhist texts reported to have been found in or around Haḍḍa near Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan and now preserved in the British Library They are written in the Gāndhārī language using the Kharosthi script on twenty-seven birch bark manuscripts and date from the first century BCE to the third century CEThe sources for the life of Siddhārtha Gautama are a variety of different and sometimes conflicting traditional biographies These include the Buddhacarita Lalitavistara Sūtra Mahāvastu and the NidānakathāThe Lalitavistara Sūtra is the next oldest biography a Mahāyāna/Sarvāstivāda biography dating to the 3rd century CEThe Nidānakathā is from the Theravada tradition in Sri Lanka and was composed in the 5th century by BuddhaghoṣaThe earliest biographical material from the Pali Nikayas focuses on the Buddha’s life as a śramaṇa his search for enlightenment under various teachers such as Alara Kalama and his forty-five-year career as a teacherAccording to the early Buddhist texts after realizing that meditative dhyana was the right path to awakening but that extreme asceticismdidn’t work Gautama discovered what Buddhists know as being the Middle Way103—a path of moderation away from the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification or the Noble Eightfold Path as described in the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta which is regarded as the first discourse of the Buddha Of the Buddha’s disciples Sariputta Maudgalyayana Mahakasyapa Ananda and Anuruddha are believed to have been the five closest to him His ten foremost disciples were reputedly completed by the quintet of Upali Subhoti Rahula Mahakaccana and to the Mahaparinibbana Sutta of the Pali canon at the age of 80 the Buddha announced that he would soon reach Parinirvana or the final deathless state and abandon his earthly body The precise contents of the Buddha’s final meal are not clear due to variant scriptural traditions and ambiguity over thetranslation of certain significant terms the Theravada tradition generally believes that the Buddha was offered some kind of pork while the Mahayana tradition believes that the Buddha consumed some sort of truffle or other mushroomPhysical Chaaracteristics:An extensive and colorful physical description of the Buddha has been laid down in scriptures A kshatriya by birth he had military training in his upbringing and by Shakyan tradition was required to pass tests to demonstrate his worthinessas a warrior in order to marryAn extensive and colorful physical description of the Buddha has been laid down in scriptures A kshatriya by birth he had military training in his upbringing and by Shakyan tradition was required to pass tests to demonstrate his worthiness as a warrior in order to marryImportant Notes:Stridhana:Prior to the passing of the Hindu Succession Act in 1956 property owned by a woman could be classified into two categories viz 1 property of which she was an absolute owner stridhana and 2 property of which she was only a limited owner woman’s estateProperty which was owned by a woman as stridhana passed on her death to her heirs She could also dispose of such property at her pleasure if not in all cases during marriage at least in all cases during widowhoodBroadly speaking whether a particular kind of property could be called stridhana would depend on the following three factors viz :a The source from which the property was acquiredb The status of the woman at the time of acquisition ie whether she was unmarried married or a widow andc The school of Hindu law to which she belongedi Adhyagni — ie gifts made before the nuptial fireii Adhyavahanika — ie gifts made at the bridal processioniii Pritidatta — ie gifts made by the father-in-law and mother- in-law out of affection i Adhivedanika ie gifts made on supersessionii Anwadheyaka ie gifts by the husband’s relatives after marriageiii Sulka ie gratuity or marriage feeiv Gifts from sons and relativesImportant Notes :Basavanna was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher statesman Kannada poet in the Shiva-focussed Bhakti movement and a social reformer during the reign of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka IndiaBasava literary works include the Vachana Sahitya in Kannada Language He is also known as Bhaktibhandari literally the treasurer of devotion10 Basavanna elder brother Basava or Basaveswara Lord BasavaImportant Notes :Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva Mandir meaning the Great God of the Cave is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh IndiaIt is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in IndiaKhajuraho was once the capital of the Chandela dynasty The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple one of the best examples of templespreserved from the medieval period in India is the largest of the western group of temples in the Khajuraho complex whichwas built by the Chandela rulers Shiva is the chief deity in the temple deified in the sanctum sanctoriumThe Kandariya Mahadeva temple was built during the reign of Vidyadhara r c 1003-1035 CEAll the extant temples including the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple were inscribed in 1986 under the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sitesunder Criterion III for its artistic creation and under Criterion V for the culture of the Chandelas that was popular till the country was invaded by Muslims in 1202Important Notes :- The name originates from the fact that the agraharams have lines of houses on either side of the road and the temple to the village god at the centre thus resembling a garland around the temple According to the traditional Hindu practice ofarchitecture and town-planning an agraharam is held to be two rows of houses running north-south on either side of a road at one end of which would be a temple to Shiva and at the other end a temple to VishnuAn example is Vadiveeswaram in Tamil NaduWith Brahmins taking up professions in urban areas and some migrating abroad agraharams are vanishing fast Many of the traditional houses are giving way to concrete structures and commercial buildingsThe earliest existing description of an agraharam has been found in a 3rd-century AD Sangam Age work called PerumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭaiThe houses had in front of them a shed with short legs to which were tied fat calves the houses were washed with cowdung and had idols inside themDomestic fowl and dogs did not approach them It was the village of the guardians of the Veda who teach its sounds to the parrots with the bent mouth If you bard reach the place fair faced bangled ladies who are as chaste as Arundhathi the little star which shines in the north of the bright broad sky will after sunset feed you on the well-cooked rice named after the bird explained by the commentator as the rice called irasanam along with slices of citron boiled in butter taken from the buttermilk derived from red cows and scented with the leaves of the karuvembu and mixed with pepper-powder and the sweet-smelling tender fruit plucked from the tall mango tree and pickledImportant Notes :Mayamata and Manasara Shilpa texts estimated to be in circulation by 5th to 7th century AD is a guidebook on Dravidian style of Vastu Shastradesign construction sculpture and joinery paddhati is another text from the 9th centurydescribing the art of building in India in south and central IndiaIn north India Brihat-samhita by Varāhamihira is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual from 6th centurydescribing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu templesImportant Notes :Traditional Dravidian architecture and symbolism are also based on Agamas The Agamas are non-vedic in origin and have been dated either as post-vedic texts or as pre-vedic compositionsThe Agamas are a collection of Tamil and Sanskrit scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of murti worship means of deities philosophical doctrines meditative practices attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yogaImportant Notes :In Dandekar theory Vaishnavism emerged at the end of the Vedic period closely before the second urbanisation of northernIndia in the 7th to 4th century BCE Early writings in Dravidian culture such as Manimekalai and the Cilappatikaram present Krishna his brother and favouritefemale companions in the similar termsVaishnavism flourished in predominantly Shaivite South India during the seventh to tenth centuries CE with the twelve Alvars saints who spread the sect to the common people with their devotional hymns The Bhakti movement of late medieval Hinduism started in the 7th-century but rapidly expanded after the 12th-centuryThis period saw the growth of Vashnavism Sampradayas denominations or communities under the influence of scholars such as Ramanujacharya Madhvacharya Nimbarkacharyaand VallabhacharyaRamanuja in the 11th century and Madhva in the 13th building their theology on the devotional tradition of the Alvars Shri VaishnavasIn North and Eastern India Krishnaism gave rise to various late Medieval movements: Nimbarka and Ramananda – 14th century Kabir and Sankaradeva – 15th and Vallabha and Caitanya – 16th centuryAll of the Vaishnava Upanishads either directly reference and quote from the ancient Principal Upanishads or incorporate some ideas found in them most cited texts include the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Chandogya Upanishad Katha Upanishad Isha Upanishad Mundaka Upanishad Taittiriya Upanishad and othersThe Pancaratra texts present the Vyuhas theory of avatars to explain how the absolute reality Brahman manifests into material form of ever changing reality Vishnu avatarVasudeva state the Pancaratra texts goes through a series of emanations where new avatars of him appear This theory ofavatar formation syncretically integrates the theories of evolution of matter and life developed by the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophyIn the Varkari movement the following scriptures are considered sacred in addition to general body of the common writing:citation needed• Dyaneshawri• Tukaram-Gatha• Sopandevi• Namdev-Gatha• Eknathi-BhagwatThe Bhakti movement originated among Vaishnavas of South India during the 7th-century CE spread northwards from Tamil Nadu through Karnataka and Maharashtra towards the end of 13th-century and gained wide acceptance by the fifteenth-century throughout India during an era of political uncertainty and Hindu-Islam conflictsImportant sites of pilgrimage for Vaishnavs include Guruvayur Temple Sri Rangam Vrindavan Mathura Ayodhya Tirupati Pandharpur Vitthal Puri Jaggannath Nira Narsingpur Narasimha Mayapur Nathdwara and DwarkaThe Vaishnavism traditions may be grouped within four sampradayas each exemplified by a specific Vedic personality They have been associated with a specific founder providing the following scheme: Brahma Sampradaya Madhvacharya Sri Sampradaya Ramanuja Rudra Sampradaya Vishnuswami VallabhacharyaKumaras sampradaya NimbarkaThe Alvars those immersed in god were ten or twelve Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused bhakti devotion to the Hindugod Vishnu or his avatar Krishna in their songs of longing ecstasy and serviceThe Alvars appeared between the 5th century to the 10th century CE though the Vaishnava tradition regards the Alvars to have lived between 4200 BCE – 2700 BCEImoprtant Notes :The Varkari-tradition is a non-Brahamanical tradition which worships Vithoba also known as Vitthal who is regarded as a form of Vishnu or Krishna Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy standing arms akimbo on a brick sometimes accompanied by his main consort Rakhumai The Varkari-tradition is geographically associated with the Indian states of Maharashtra and northern KarnatakaThe Varkari movement includes a duty-based approach towards life emphasising moral behavior and strict avoidance of alcohol and tobacco The adoption of a strict lacto-vegetariandiet and fasting on Ekadashi day twice a month self-restraint brahmacharya during student life equality and humanity for all rejecting discrimination based on the caste system or wealth the reading of Hindu texts the recitation of the Haripath every day and the regular practice of bhajan and kirtan Important Facts :Sri Vaishnavism:12th-14th centuryBrahma sampradaya-16th centuryNimbarka sampradaya-13th centuryImportant Notes :Samkhya school:It is most related to the Yoga school of Hinduism and it was influential on other schools of Indian philosophySāmkhya is an enumerationist philosophy whose epistemology accepts three of six pramanas proofs as the only reliable means of gaining knowledgeThe existence of God or supreme being is not directly asserted nor considered relevant by the Samkhya philosophers Sāṃkhya denies the final cause of Ishvara GodWhile the Samkhya school considers the Vedas as a reliable source of knowledge it is an atheistic philosophy according to Paul Deussen and other scholarsA key difference between Samkhya and Yoga schools state scholarsis that Yoga school accepts a personal yet essentially inactive deity or personal godSome 19th and 20th century scholars suggested that Samkhya may have non-Vedic origins Dandekar similarly wrote in 1968 The origin of the Sankhya is to be traced to the pre-Vedic non-Aryan thought complexHere – in Kaushitaki Upanishad and Chandogya Upanishad – the germ are to be found of two of the main ideas of classical SamkhyaSage Kapila is traditionally credited as a founder of the Samkhya schoolThe earliest mention of dualism is in the Rigveda a text that was compiled in the second millennium BCEImportant Notes :Vaiśeṣika darshana was founded by Kaṇāda Kashyapa around the 2nd century BCThe epistemology of Vaiśeṣika school of Hinduism like Buddhism accepted only two reliable means to knowledge: perceptionand inferenceThe Vaiśeṣika system became similar in its philosophical procedures ethical conclusions and soteriology to the Nyāya school of Hinduism but retained its difference in epistemology and metaphysicsAlthough the Vaisheshika system developed independently from the Nyaya school of Hinduism the two became similar and are often studied together In its classical form however the Vaishesika school differed from the Nyaya in one crucial respect: where Nyaya accepted four sources of valid knowledge the Vaishesika accepted only twoImportant Notes :Mimamsa:According to this philosophy liberation is possible by means of karmaMimamsa is a Sanskrit word that means reflection or critical investigationIt is one of six orthodox astika schools of Hinduism The school is known for its philosophical theories on the nature of dharma based on hermeneutics of the VedasThe Mīmāṃsā school was foundational and influential for the vedānticschools which were also known as Uttara-Mīmāṃsā The differences were that the Mīmāṃsā school developed and emphasized karma-kāṇḍa or the study of ritual actions using the four early Vedas while the Vedānta schools developed and emphasized jñana-kāṇḍa the study of knowledge and spirituality using the later parts of Vedas like the UpaniṣadsThe school of Mīmāṃsā consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines but the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God Rather it held that the soul is an eternal omnipresent inherently active spiritual essence and focused on the epistemology and metaphysics of dharmaThe Mīmāṃsā school of Hinduism is a form of realismA key text of the Mīmāṃsā school is the Mīmāṃsā Sūtra of JaiminiBetween the Samhitas and Brahmanas the Mimamsa school places greater emphasis to the Brahmanas – the part of Vedas that is a commentary on Vedic ritualsPurva-Mimamsa was just known as the Mimamsa school and the Uttara-Mimamsa as the VedantaschoolThe scholars of Mimamsa school are referred to as the MimamsakasThe core tenets of Pūrva Mīmāṃsā are ritualism orthopraxy anti-asceticism and anti-mysticismThe central aim of the school is elucidation of the nature of dharma understood as a set ritual obligations and prerogatives to be performed properlyImportant Notes :Global Innovation Index :The Global Innovation Index GII is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success in innovation It is published by Cornell University INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization in partnership with other organisations and institutions and is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources including the International Telecommunication Union the World Bank and the World Economic ForumImportant Notes :Lingayat communityLingayatism is a distinct Shaivite religious tradition in India Its worship is centered on Hindu god Shiva as the universal god in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga The adherents of this faith are known as Lingayats Lingayatism was founded by the 12th-century philosopher and statesman Basava and spread by his followers called SharanasLingayatism emphasizes qualified monism and bhakti loving devotion to Shiva with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher RamanujaThe terms Lingayatism and Veerashaivism have been used synonymously and Lingayats also referred to as VeerashaivasLingayatism is considered a Hindu sect25 but some Lingayats have sought legal recognition as a religion distinct from HinduismLingayatism shares beliefs with Indian religions such as about reincarnation samsara and karmaContemporary Lingayatism is influential in South India especially in the state of KarnatakaToday Lingayats along with Shaiva Siddhanta followers Tirunelveli Saiva Pillai Nadar Naths Pashupaths of Nepal Kapalikas and others constitute the Shaiva populationThe Lingayat iṣṭaliṅga is an oval-shaped emblem symbolising Parashiva the absolute reality and is worn on the body by a cord hung around the neckBasava is credited with founding Lingayatism and its secular practicesHe was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher statesman Kannada poet in the Shiva-focussed Bhakti movement and a social reformer during the reign of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka IndiaBasavanna spread social awareness through his poetry popularly known as Vachanaas Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination as well as some extant practices such as the wearing of sacred thread and replaced this with the ritual of wearing Ishtalinga necklace with an image of the Shiva LiṅgaLingayat scholars thrived in northern Karnataka during the centuries of rule by Vijayanagara EmpireThe Lingayats likely were a part of the reason why Vijayanagara succeeded in territorial expansion and in withstanding the Deccan Sultanate wars The Lingayat text Sunya sampadane grew out of the scholarly discussions in a Anubhava Mantap and according to Bill Aitken these were compiled at the Vijayanagara court during the reign of Praudha Deva RayaSimilarly the scripture of Lingayatism Basava Purana was completed in 1369 during the reign of Vijayanagara ruler Bukka Raya I Lingayat Veerashaiva thinkers rejected the custodial hold of Brahmins over the Vedas and the shastras but they did not outright reject the Vedic knowledgeThe 13th-century Telugu Virashaiva poet Palkuriki Somanatha author of Basava Purana – a scripture of Veerashaivas for example asserted Virashaivism fully conformed to the Vedas and the shastrasLingayatism teaches a path to an individual’s spiritual progress is viewed and describes it as a six-stage Satsthalasiddhanta This concept progressively evolves the individual starting with the phase of a devoteeShunya in a series of Kannada language texts is equated with the Virashaiva concept of the Supreme In particular the Shunya Sampadane texts present the ideas of Allama Prabhuin a form of dialogue where shunya is that void and distinctionswhich a spiritual journey seeks to fill and eliminate It is the described as state of union of one’s soul with the infinite Shiva the state of blissful mokshaThis Lingayat concept is similar to shunya Brahma concept found in certain texts of Vaishnavism particularly in Odiya such as the poetic Panchasakhas It explains the Nirguna Brahman idea of Vedanta that is the eternal unchanging metaphysical reality as personified void However both in Lingayatism and various flavors of Vaishnavism such as Mahima Dharma the idea of Shunya is closer to the Hindu concept of metaphysical Brahman rather than to the Śūnyatā concept of Buddhism35 However there is some overlap such as in the works of Bhima BhoiThe Lingayats always wear the Ishtalinga held with a necklaceThe Istalinga is made up of light gray slate stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tearSometime it is made up of ashes mixed with clarified butter The coating is called Kanti coveringThe Lingayats bury their dead The dead are buried in the Dhyana mudra meditating position with their Ishta linga in their left handImportant Notes:Payment banks: Payments banks is a new model of banks conceptualised by the Reserve Bank of India RBI These banks can accept a restricted deposit which is currently limited to ₹1 lakh per customer and may be increased further These banks cannot issue loans and credit cardsBoth current account and savings accounts can be operated by such banksPayments banks can issue services like ATM cards debit cards net-banking and mobile-bankingAirtel has launched India’s first live payments bank Paytm is the second such service to be launched in the country India Post Payments Bank is the third entity to receive payments bank permit after Bharti Airtel and Paytm Aditya Birla group earned payments bank permit on 3 March 2017The minimum capital requirement is ₹100 crore For the first five years the stake of the promoter should remain at least 40 Foreign share holding will be allowed in these banks as per the rules for FDI in private banks in India The voting rights will be regulated by the Banking Regulation Act 1949 The majority of the bank’s board of directors should consist of independent directors appointed according to RBI guidelinesThe bank should be fully networked from the beginning The bank can accept utility bills It cannot form subsidiaries to undertake non-banking activities The banks will be licensed as payments banks under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act 1949 and will be registered as public limited company under the Companies Act 2013The in-principle license is valid for 18 months within which the entities must fulfil the requirements They are not allowed to engage in banking activities within the period |
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The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was enacted to provide protection of the interests of consumers and for the purpose of establishment of consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumer disputes and for matter connected therewith The said Act was amended three times to make the act more effective but even then there were a few lacunas and nuances that were not incorporated Several shortcomings have been noticed while administering the various provisions of the said Act The new Consumer Protection Bill 2015 that has been introduced in the monsoon session of parliament seeks to replace the old act The primary motivation to replace the older law with a new one is to modernise the law with respect to the development of new markets and to further widen the ambit and a scope of the law to incorporate nuances so that the big companies cannot use them as loop holes to exploit the consumers and to further increase the accountability of the said companies The new bill seeks to make manufacturers liable for any injury attributed to the consumer or death of a consumer or property damage and get them sentenced for life FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ298 Which among the following comes under the classification of Microfauna 1 Bacteria2 Protozoa3 Fungi4 MitesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 4B 134C 234D 2 amp 4Ans D-Microflora : Bacteria Fungi Actinomycetes Microscopic Algae-Microfauna : Protozoans Rotifers Polycads Nematodes Mites Copepods 20-200 micronFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ297 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the FDI 1 Overseas corporate bodies OCB are disallowed to invest in India2 Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares3 After 2010 Permission of upto 49 FDI under the government automatic approval route in multi brand retailing subject to specified conditions has been allowed under FDI policy changesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans D- Broadly foreign direct investment includes mergers and acquisitions building new facilities reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intra company loans In a narrow sense foreign direct investment refers just to building new facility a lasting management interest 10 percent or more of voting stock in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investorFDI is the sum of equity capital other long-term capital and short-term capital as shown the balance of payments FDI usually involves participation in management joint-venture transfer of technology and expertise Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of sharesTypes of FDI1 Horizontal FDI arises when a firm duplicates its home country-based activities at the same value chain stage in a host country through FDI 2 Platform FDI Foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country3 Vertical FDI takes place when a firm through FDI moves upstream or downstream in different value chains ie when firms perform value-adding activities stage by stage in a vertical fashion in a host countryForeign direct investment incentives may take the following forms:• low corporate tax and individual income tax rates• tax holidays• other types of tax concessions• preferential tariffs• special economic zones• EPZ – Export Processing Zones• Bonded warehouses• Maquiladoras• investment financial subsidies8• free land or land subsidies• relocation amp expatriation• infrastructure subsidies• RampD support• Energy• derogation from regulations usually for very large projectsForeign investment was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act FEMA driven by then finance minister Manmohan Singh India disallowed overseas corporate bodies OCB to invest in India India imposes cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ296 Which among the following is/are the examples of the floating plants 1 Azolla2 Utricularia3 WolfiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 1 amp 3Ans DFloating Plants : Wolfia Lemna Azolla EichhorniaSubmerged Plants : Ceratophylum Utricularia NajasRooted -Floated Plants : Sagitaria Ranunculus CyperusFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ295 Which among the following is/are the producers of an ecosystem 1 Sea weeds2 Algae3 BryophytesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 3D 123Ans DProducers of an ecosystem :Algae Bryophyte Pteridophytes Flowering plants Some photosynthetic bacteriaSea weeds are producers in marine ecosystemFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ294 With reference to the news which among the following is/are correct with respect to the SAWEN 1 It is regional inter-governmental wildlife law enforcement support body launched in 20132 All the south Asian countries are the members of the SAWEN regional networkSelect the correct answers using the code given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DSAWEN is regional inter-governmental wildlife law enforcement support body launched in January 2011 in Paro Bhutan It aims at working collectively as a strong regional inter-governmental body to combat wildlife crime by attainting common mutual goals and approaches for combating illegal trade in the region SAWEN’s regional network comprises of eight South Asia countries: Afghanistan India Pakistan Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Sri Lanka and MaldivesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ293 Which of the following is correct A Guindy national park is known for tiger reserveB Namdapha national park is meant for lion conservationC Jaldapara is a biosphere reserveD Rann of Kutch is wild ass sanctuaryAns DGuindy National Park is a 270 km2 104 sq mi Protected area of Tamil Nadu located in Chennai South India is the 8th smallest National Park of India and one of the very few national parks situated inside a city -There are over 14 species of mammals including blackbuck chital or spotted deer jackal small Indian civet common palm civet bonnet macaque hyena pangolin hedgehog common mongoose and three-striped palm squirrel Guindy Snake Park formerly the location of Madras Crocodile Bank Trust is next to the Guindy National ParkJaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary is a national park situated at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District of northern West Bengal and on the banks of the Torsa River The nearby Chilapata Forests is an elephant corridor between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve4 Near by is the Gorumara National Park known for its population of Indian rhinocerosToto tribes and Mech Tribes Bodos used to stay in this area before 1800 Namdapha National Park is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India It is also the third largest national park in India in terms of area It is located in the Eastern Himalayan sub-region and is recognized as one of the richest areas in biodiversity in IndiaThe area is also known for extensive Dipterocarpforests comprising the northwestern parts of the ecoregion of Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forestsNamdapha and Pakke Tiger Reserve are in a region which is the eastern limit of the Bengal tiger’s and thenorth-western limit of the Indochinese tiger’s rangeNon-human primates present include stump-tailed macaque slow loris hoolock gibbon capped langur Assamese macaque and rhesus macaqueThe Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh located in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat India and the Sindhprovince of Pakistan The Ghaggar River which presently empties into the desert of northern Rajasthan formerly emptied into the Rann of Kutch but the lower reaches of the river dried up as its upstream tributaries were captured by the Indus and Ganges thousands of years ago FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ292 Which among the following has been accorded UNESCO World heritage status 1 Serengeti national park2 Sanctuary of Machu Picchu3 Arabian Oryx sanctuarySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D Only 1Ans CUNESCO WORLD HERITAGE STATUSA World Heritage Site is an already classified landmark which by way of being unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable piece is of special cultural or physical significance such as either due to hosting an ancient ruins or some historical structure building city complex desert forest island lake monument or mountain The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee composed of 21 UNESCO member states which are elected by the UN General Assembly2A single text was agreed on by all parties and the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972The Convention came into force on 17 December 1975 As of May 2017 it has been ratified by 193 states parties including 189 UN member states plus the Cook Islands the Holy See Niue and the Palestinian territories Only four UN member states have not ratified the Convention: Liechtenstein Nauru Somalia and TuvaluThe Committee meets once per year to determine whether or not to inscribe each nominated property on the World Heritage List and sometimes defers or refers the decision to request more information from the country which nominated the site There are ten selection criteria – a site must meet at least one of them to be included on the listSerengeti National Park an example of natural heritage siteTaj Mahal an example of cultural heritage siteHistoric Sanctuary of Machu Picchu an example of mixed heritage siteOnly two sites have ever been delisted: the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman and the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ291 Consider the following tribes :State / Region Tribes1 Minicoy : Dhivehis2 Andaman Islands : Jangil3 Meghalaya : JaintiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans DEthnic groups of Meghalaya :Ethnic groups 2011 :• Khasi: 50• Garo: 275• Bengali: 14• Nepali: 526• Koch: 18• Jaintia: 25• Hajong: 28• Biate: 11• Tiwa Lalung: 12• Kuki: 043• Shaikh: 03• Other: 933-By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups there were estimated 7000 Andamanese divided into the following major groups:• Great Andamanese• Jarawa• Jangil or Rutland Jarawa• Onge• SentineleseMinicoy :Minicoy locally known as Maliku is an island in Lakshadweep India Along with Viringili it is on Maliku atoll the southernmost atoll of Lakshadweep archipelago Administratively it is a census town in the Indian union territory of LakshadweepMinicoy is the second largest and the southernmost among the islands of the Lakshadweep archipelago It is located 201 km to the SSW of Kalpeni at the southern end of the Nine Degree Channel and 125 km to the north of Thuraakunu Maldives at the northern end of the Eight Degree ChannelMaliku Kandu is the traditional name of the broad channel between Minicoy Maliku and Ihavandippulhu Haa Alif Atoll in the Maldives In the Admiralty Charts it is called Eight Degree ChannelOther names for this channel are Addigiri Kandu and Māmalē Kandu It appeared in old French maps with the name Courant de MalicutMinicoy has a tropical savanna climate Köppen climate classification Aw with warm temperatures throughout the year Precipitation falls during most of the year only January to March are relatively dry The people of Minicoy are ethnically Dhivehis and make up the third subgroup of Dhivehis referred as Mahls Thuraakunu in the Maldives is the closest island to Minicoy The bodun owned land and bandu-odies merchant ships they were the vering rulers The niamin were pilots of the Bandu-odies and while on shore assisted the bodun in administrative and other leadership functions they were custodians of property and supervised public work The medhukimbin and the raaverin were working classes the medhukimbin enjoying a status higher than the raaverin The raaverin tapped coconut palms for toddy a distinctive beverage converted into sweet palm syrup Coconut vinegar known as raahuiiy was also produced by the raaverinFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ290 Which among the following species is/ are the part of the Keibul lamjao National Park 1 Sangai2 Brown-antlered deer3 stump-tailed macaqueSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DFauna recorded in the precincts of the Lake in the Keibul Lamjo National Park are the Indian python sambar barking deer the endangered sangai species of Eld’s deer wild bear Muntiacus muntjak rhesus monkey hoolock gibbon stump-tailed macaque Indian civet Viverra zibetha marbled cat and Temminck’s golden catThe Keibul Lamjao National Park is the last natural refuge of the endangered sangai state animalRucervus eldii eldii or Manipur brown-antlered deer Cervus eldi eldi one of three subspecies of Eld’s deerFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ289 Who among the following is/are the members of the Indian Statistical Institute 1 President of India 2 Representatives of Government of India 3 Prime Minister of India Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 1 amp 2Ans CIndian Statistical Institute ISI is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliamentPrimary activities of ISI are research and training of Statistics development of theoretical Statistics and its applications in various natural and social sciences Originally affiliated with the University of Calcutta the institute was declared an institute of national importance in 1959 through an act of Indian parliament Indian Statistical Institute act 1959 ISI functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation MOSPI of the Government of IndiaMembers of this council include the President of ISI the Chairman of ISI representatives of the Government of India including one representative of RBI scientists not employed in ISI including one representative from the Planning Commission of India and one representative of the UGC representatives of scientific and non-scientific workers of ISI and representative from academic staff of ISI including the Director of ISI and the Dean of Studies of ISIThe second five-year plan of India was a brainchild of Mahalanobis The plan followed the Mahalanobis model an economic development model developed by Mahalanobis in 1953 The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of investment between productive sectors in order to maximise long-run economic growth FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ288 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the Bureau of Indian Standards 1It is the national Standards Body of India working under the Ministry of Commerce2 As a corporate body it has 21 members drawn from Central or State Governments only3 BIS is a founder member of International Organisation for Standardization ISOSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 2C Only 3D 123Ans CThe Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is the national Standards Body of India working under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs Food amp Public Distribution Government of India It is established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 which came into effect on 23 December 19862 The Minister in charge of the Ministry or Department having administrative control of the BIS is the ex-officio President of the BISAs a corporate body it has 25 members drawn from Central or State Governments industry scientific and research institutions and consumer organisations Its headquarters are in New Delhi with regional offices in Kolkata Chennai Mumbai Chandigarh and Delhiand 20 branch offices It also works as WTO-TBT enquiry point for IndiaBIS is a founder member of International Organisation for Standardization ISOIt represents India in the International Organization for Standardization ISO the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC and the World Standards Service Network WSSNProduct Certifications are to be obtained voluntarily For some of the products like Milk powder Drinking Water LPG Cylinders Thermometers etc certification is mandatory Because these products are concerned with health and safetyNational Institute of Training for Standardization NITSIt is a training institute of BIS which is set up in 1995 It is functioning from Noida Uttar Pradesh India7The primary activities of NITS are:-• In-House and Open Training Programme for Industry• International Training Programme for Developing Countries Commonwealth countries• Training Programme to its employeesIndian Standards Bill 2015The main objectives of the proposed legislation are:-• To establish the Bureau of Indian standardsBIS as the National Standards Body of India• The Bureau to perform its functions through a governing council which will consist of President and other members• To include goods services and systems besides articles and processes under the standardization regime• To enable the government to bring under the mandatory certification regime for such articles processes or service which it considers necessary from the point of view of health safety environment prevention of deceptive practices consumer security etc This will help consumers receive ISI certified products and will also help in prevention of import of sub-standard products• To allow multiple types of simplified conformity assessment schemes including self-declaration of conformity SDOC against any standard which will give multiple simplified options to manufacturers to adhere to standards and get a certificate of conformity thus improving the ‘ease of doing business’• To enable the Central Government to appoint any authority in addition to the Bureau of Indian Standards to verify the conformity of products and services to a standard and issue certificate of conformity• To enable the Government to implement mandatory hallmarking of precious metals articles• To strengthen penal provisions for better effective compliance and enable compounding of offences for violations• To provide recall including product liability of products bearing the Standard Mark but not conforming to relevant Indian Standards• Repeal of the BIS Act of 1986• The Bureau of Indian Standards Act 2016 received the assent of the President on 21 March 2016FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ287 For which of the following products ISO certification is mandatory 1 Thermometers2 Drinking water3 LPG CylindersSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DProduct Certifications are to be obtained voluntarily For some of the products like Milk powder Drinking Water LPG Cylinders Thermometers etc certification is mandatory Because these products are concerned with health and safetyFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ286 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the 24-D 24-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 1 In agriculture it is the first herbicide found to be capable of selectively killing of crops apart from weeds2 Mostly grasses such as cereals lawn turf and grassland relatively unaffected by this herbicideSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B24-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid usually called 24-D is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3 It is a systemic herbicide which selectively kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth in them but leaves most grasses such as cereals lawn turf and grassland relatively unaffected It can be found in numerous commercial lawn herbicide mixtures and is widely used as a weedkiller on cereal crops pastures and orchards 24-D was one of the ingredients in Agent Orange a herbicide widely used during the Vietnam War24-D is primarily used as a selective herbicide which kills many terrestrial and aquatic broadleaf weeds but not grasses It acts by mimicking the action of the plant growth hormone auxin which results in uncontrolled growth and eventually death in susceptible plants In agriculture it was the first herbicide found to be capable of selectively killing weeds but not crops It is often used by government agencies to control the spread of invasive noxious and non-native weed species and prevent them from crowding out native species and also to control many poisonous weeds such as poison ivy and poison oakMen who work with 24-D are at risk for abnormally shaped sperm and thus fertility problems Residue levels in kidney were the highest24-D is a synthetic auxin which is a class of plant hormones FRAMED FROM TIMES OF INDIAQ285 MIBOR rate is used as a bench mark rate for which of the following 1 Demand deposits 2 Forward rate agreements3 Term depositsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans BThe MIBID/MIBOR rate is used as a bench mark rate for majority of deals struck for Interest Rate Swaps Forward Rate Agreements Floating Rate Debentures and Term DepositsMIBOR – Mumbai Inter-Bank Offer RateThe Committee for the Development of the Debt Market that had studied and recommended the modalities for the development for a benchmark rate for the call money market Accordingly NSE had developed and launched the NSE Mumbai Inter-bank Bid Rate MIBID and NSE Mumbai Inter-bank Offer Rate MIBOR for the overnight money market on June 15 1998 FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ284 Consider the following :1 Ambubachi mela : Assam2 Anthurium Festival : Arunachal Pradesh3 Kut festival : MizoramSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans BAmbubachi mela : AssamAnthurium Festival : MizoramKut-Festival Of Kuki-Chin-Mizo:It is an autumn festival of the different tribes of Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups of Manipur FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ283 Which among the following reports are released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD 1 Trade and Development Report2 World development report3 World investment reportSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C Only 2D 1 amp 3Ans DThe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental bodyUNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade investment and development issues The organization’s goals are to: maximize the trade investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basisThe conference ordinarily meets once in four years the permanent secretariat is in GenevaThe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established to provide a forum where the developing countries could discuss the problems relating to their economic development Currently UNCTAD has 194 member states and is headquartered in Geneva Switzerland UNCTAD has 400 staff members and a bi-annual 2010–2011 regular budget of 138 million in core expenditures and 72 million in extra-budgetary technical assistance funds It is a member of the United Nations Development Group2 There are non-governmental organizations participating in the activities of UNCTADUNCTAD produces a number of topical reports including:• The Trade and Development Report• The Trade and Environment Review• The World Investment Report• The Economic Development in Africa Report• The Least Developed Countries Report• UNCTAD Statistics• The Information Economy Report• The Review of Maritime Transport• The International Accounting and Reporting Issues Annual Review• The Technology and Innovation ReporUNCTAD conducts technical cooperation programmes such as ASYCUDA DMFAS EMPRETEC and WAIPAIn addition UNCTAD conducts certain technical cooperation in collaboration with the World Trade Organization through the joint International Trade Centre ITC a technical cooperation agency targeting operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of trade developmentUNCTAD hosts the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting ISARFRAMED FROM TIMES OF INDIAQ282 With reference to the news what are AD Category-I banks A It is the form of Smart Banking initiative that enables banks to optimise customer engagement models B These are the business correspondents that extend small credit on behalf of the banksC These are the banks that are equipped with technology for automated transaction of cashD These are the banks that deal with the conversion of currency notes coins or travellers’ cheques designated in foreign currency into Indian Rupees amp Vice versaAns DAuthorised DealerAD category 1 bank is one of the three types of authorised money changer approved by the RBI under Foreign Exchange Management ActFEMA with the other two being Authorised Dealer category 2 and Full Fledged Money ChangerFFMC They deal with the conversion of currency notes coins or travellers’ cheques designated in foreign currency into Indian Rupees and vice versa Their objective is to provide easier foreign exchange facilties for travellers and tourists including NRIsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ281 Consider the following :1 Hemis Gompa : Ladakh2 Chhipla Jaat : Himachal Pradesh3 Jhiri Mela : Jammu amp KashmirSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans CSome of the festivals celebrated in the Uttarakhand region are Basant Panchami Bhitauli Harela Phool Dei Batsavitri Ganga Dusshera or Dasar Dikar Puja Olgia or Ghee Sankranti Khatarua Ghuian Ekadashi Chhipla Jaat Kandali Janopunya Kumaon Holi including Khari Holi and Baithaki Holi and Makar SankrantiThe most commonly celebrated festivals in Kashmir are Lohri Baisakhi Bahu mela the Jhiri mela the Mansar food and craft mela Chaitre Chaudash mela and the Purmandal melaHemis Gompa the largest and richest Buddhist monastery in Ladakh plays host to the popular yearly festival day called Hemis Festival FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ280 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Visa On Arrival 1 The VOA facility can only be used for no more than two times in one calendar year2 The duration of stay can be extended for one year3 Double entry is permitted on e-Medical Visa amp Triple entry is permitted on e-Tourist VisaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans BTourist visa scheme Foreign citizens possessing an Overseas Citizen of India registration certificate or holders of a Persons of Indian Origin Card are exempt from visa requirements have the right of domicile in India and are allowed unlimited entries into India Citizens of Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan mainland China Nepal or Pakistan are generally not entitled to hold Overseas Indian CitizenshipVisa On Arrival:Citizens of the following countries can apply for a visa on arrival VOA in Bengaluru Chennai Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata or Mumbai The visa is issued for business tourist medical and conference categories and has a validity of 30 days3 The cost is ₹2000 The VOA facility can only be used for no more than two times in one calendar year41 Alternatively foreign citizens eligible for a VOA can apply for an e-Visa instead if they intend to visit India for a period longer than 30 days or if they intend to enter the country through an airport or seaport not covered by the VOA schemeDouble entry is permitted on e-Tourist Visa and e-Business Visa Triple entry is permitted on e-Medical Visa The duration of stay cannot be extendedFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ279 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the whitley awards 1 These are awarded annually by the WWF for the national amp regional conservation 2 It also serves as a forum between employers and employees for the conservation of wildlife Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DWhitley awards – For Wildlife conservationThe Whitley Awards are made annually by the Whitley Fund for Nature WFN to recognise and celebrate effective national and regional conservation leaders across the globe The awards are worth £35000 2017 and are now amongst the most high profile of conservation prizes – they have been called the Green OscarsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ278 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Loro account 1 Commercial banks maintains their own loro accounts with the authorization from RBI2 A balance on loro account represents central bank money in the regarded currencySelect the correct answer using the codes given below “A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThe central bank maintains loro accounts for a group of commercial banks the so-called direct payment banks A balance on such a loro account it is a nostro account in the view of the commercial bank represents central bank money in the regarded currency Since central bank money currently exists mainly in the form of electronic records electronic money rather than in the form of paper or coins physical money open market operations can be conducted by simply increasing or decreasing crediting or debiting the amount of electronic money that a bank has in its reserve account at the central bank Open market operationsAn open market operation OMO is an activity by a central bank to give or take liquidity in its currency to or from a bank or a group of banks The central bank can either buy or sell government bonds in the open market this is where the name was historically derived from or in what is now mostly the preferred solution enter into a repo or secured lending transaction with a commercial bank: the central bank gives the money as a deposit for a defined period and synchronously takes an eligible asset as collateral A central bank uses OMO as the primary means of implementing monetary policy The usual aim of open market operations is – aside from supplying commercial banks with liquidity and sometimes taking surplus liquidity from commercial banks – to manipulate the short-term interest rate and the supply of base money in an economy and thus indirectly control the total money supply in effect expanding money or contracting the money supply This involves meeting the demand of base money at the target interest rate by buying and selling government securities or other financial instruments Monetary targets such as inflation interest rates or exchange rates are used to guide this implementationClassical economic theory postulates a distinctive relationship between the supply of central bank money and short-term interest rates: like for a commodity a higher demand for central bank money would increase its price the interest rate When there is an increased demand for base money the central bank must act if it wishes to maintain the short-term interest rate It does this by increasing the supply of base money: it goes to the open market to buy a financial asset such as government bonds • Under a currency board open market operations would be used to achieve and maintain a fixed exchange rate with relation to some foreign currency• Under a gold standard notes would be convertible to gold and so open market operations could be used to keep the value of a fiat currency constant relative to goldThe two traditional type of OMO’s used by RBI:1 Outright purchase PEMO: Is outright buying or selling of government securities Permanent2 Repurchase agreement REPO: Is short term and are subject to repurchaseThe RBI brought together a Liquidity Adjustment Facility LAF It commenced in June 2000 and it was set up to oversee liquidity on a daily basis and to monitor market interest rates For the LAF two rates are set by the RBI: repo rate and reverse repo rate The repo rate is applicable while selling securities to RBI daily injection of liquidity while the reverse repo rate is applicable when banks buy back those securities daily absorption of liquidity Also these interest rates fixed by the RBI also help in determining other market interest rates on the recommendations of the Working Group of RBI on instruments of Sterilization December 2003 a new scheme known as the Market stabilization scheme MSS was set up The LAF and the OMO’s were dealing with day-to-day liquidity management whereas the MSS was set up to sterilize the liquidity absorption and make it more enduringAccording to this scheme the RBI issues additional T-bills and securities to absorb the liquidity And the money goes into the Market Stabilization scheme Account MSSA The RBI cannot use this account for paying any interest or discounts and cannot credit any premiums to this account The Government in collaboration with the RBI fixes a ceiling amount on the issue of these instrumentsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ277 Which among the following species is/ are not the extinct species under the IUCN status 1 Steller’s sea cow2 Short tailed albatross3 Spectacled cormorantSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D Only 2Ans DThe Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific OceanIt comprises a deep water basin which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelvesThere is a small portion of the Kula Plate in the Bering Sea The Kula Plate is an ancient tectonic plate that used to subduct under AlaskaThe sea supports many whale species including the beluga humpback whale bowhead whale gray whale and blue whale the vulnerable sperm whale and the endangered fin whale sei whale and the rarest in the world the North Pacific right whale Other marine mammals include walrus Steller sea lion northern fur seal orca and polar bearSeabird species include tufted puffins the endangered short-tailed albatross spectacled eider and red-legged kittiwakes Two Bering Sea species the Steller’s sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas and spectacled cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus are extinct because of overexploitation by man In addition a small subspecies of Canada goose the Bering Canada goose Branta canadensis asiatica is extinct due to overhunting and introduction of rats to their breeding islandsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ276 With reference to the news what is 20:80 scheme of gold A It is the central sponsored scheme representing the highest share of the central government as compared to the state government B It was introduced to bring down gold imports and narrow the current account deficitC It is the central sponsored scheme for increasing the visible amp invisible exports D It was introduced to enhance the gold exports thereby reducing the fiscal deficitAns BThe 20:80 import rule linking imports to exports was introduced last year to bring down gold imports and narrow the current account deficit that had hit a record of 48 per cent of GDPAlthough legal import of gold declined in the subsequent months the 20:80 rule was not only encouraging smuggling but it was also misused by many tradersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ275 Which among the following is/are the targets that have to be achieved under the AMRUT scheme 1 Tap water amp sewerage facilities 2 Internet amp wifi facilities3 Pollution reduction Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DThe scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in June 2015 with the focus of the urban renewal projects is to establish infrastructure that could ensure adequate robust sewage networks and water supply for urban transformation Rajasthan was the first state in the country to submit State Annual Action Plan under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation AMRUT About ₹1 lakh crore US16 billion investment on urban development under Smart Cities Mission and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation of 500 cities has already been approved by the governmentSome of the broad targets of AMRUT scheme are ascertaining that every one has access to tap water and sewerage facilities greenery like parks and open spaces are well maintained digital and smart facilities like weather prediction internet and WiFi facilities pollution reduction by encouraging the public for using cheaper but secure public transport etcFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ274 As per Vavilov’s centre of origin which among the following comes under the Indo-Burma region 1 Assam2 North West Punjab3 BurmaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans AFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ273 Consider the following :1 Melghat Tiger reserve : Maharashtra 2Tansa Wildlife sanctuary : Tripura3 Purna wildlife sanctuary : GujaratSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C Only 2D 1 amp 3Ans DIn Gujarat the owlet can be found in Purna Wildlife SanctuaryMelghat Tiger Reserve in MaharashtraThe forest owlet remains critically endangered and the population in 2015 was estimated by Birdlife International at less than 250An individual was located in Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary in the Thane district in 2014FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ272 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the subatomic particles Baryon 1 These are the quark-based particles that participate in the strong interaction2 They are similar in functioning as compared to the lepton amp Mesons 3 Protons amp neutrons are the only baryons that make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans CA baryon is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks a triquark as distinct from mesons which are composed of one quark and one antiquark Baryons and mesons belong to the hadron family of particles which are the quark-based particlesAs quark-based particles baryons participate in the strong interaction whereas leptons which are not quark-based do not The most familiar baryons are the protons and neutrons that make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universe Electrons the other major component of the atom are leptonsEach baryon has a corresponding antiparticle antibaryon where quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks For example a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark and its corresponding antiparticle the antiproton is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquarkFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ271 Which among the following is/are the examples of the e-liquids that are used in e-cigarettes 1 Water2 Nicotine3 GlycerineSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans DAn electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that tries to create the feeling of tobacco smoking It works by heating a liquid to generate an aerosol commonly called a vapor that the user inhales Using e-cigarettes is sometimes called vaping The liquid in the e-cigarette called e-liquid is usually made of nicotine propylene glycol glycerine and flavorings Not all e-liquids contain nicotineThe health risks of e-cigarettes are uncertain They are likely safer than tobacco cigarettes but the long-term health effects are not knownThey can help some smokers quit When used by non-smokers e-cigarettes can lead to nicotine addiction and there is concern that children could start smoking after using e-cigarettes Less serious adverse effects include throat and mouth irritation vomiting nausea and coughingThe majority of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke are absent in e-cigarette aerosolThose present are mostly below 1 corresponding levels in tobacco smokeThe emergence of e-cigarettes has given cannabis smokers a new method of inhaling cannabinoids E-cigarettes differ from traditional marijuana cigarettes in several respects It is assumed that vaporizing cannabinoids at lower temperatures is safer because it produces smaller amounts of toxic substances than the hot combustion of a marijuana cigaretteE-liquid is the mixture used in vapor products such as e-cigarettes and generally consists of propylene glycol glycerin water nicotine and flavoringsSmoking a traditional cigarette yields between 05 and 15 mg of nicotine but the nicotine content of the cigarette is only weakly correlated with the levels of nicotine in the smoker’s bloodstream Nicotine in tobacco smoke is absorbed into the bloodstream rapidly and e-cigarette vapor is relatively slow in this regardThe concentration of nicotine in e-liquid ranges up to 36 mg/MlFRAMED FROM SPECTRUMQ270 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Lingayatism 1 Lingayatism was founded by the Basava in the 11th century2 Lingayat scholars thrived in northern Karnataka during the centuries of rule by Vijayanagara Empire3 The Lingayats buried their dead in the Dhyana mudra with their Ishta linga in their left handSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 1 amp 3Ans BLingayatism is a distinct Shaivite religious tradition in India Its worship is centered on Hindu god Shiva as the universal god in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga The adherents of this faith are known as Lingayats Lingayatism was founded by the 12th-century philosopher and statesman Basava and spread by his followers called Sharanas1 Lingayatism emphasizes qualified monism and bhakti loving devotion to Shiva with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher RamanujaThe terms Lingayatism and Veerashaivism have been used synonymously and Lingayats also referred to as is considered a Hindu sect25 but some Lingayats have sought legal recognition as a religion distinct from Hinduism26Lingayatism shares beliefs with Indian religions such as about reincarnation samsara and karmaContemporary Lingayatism is influential in South India especially in the state of Karnataka10 Today Lingayats along with Shaiva Siddhanta followers Tirunelveli Saiva Pillai Nadar Naths Pashupaths of Nepal Kapalikas and others constitute the Shaiva populationThe Lingayat iṣṭaliṅga is an oval-shaped emblem symbolising Parashiva the absolute reality and is worn on the body by a cord hung around the neckBasava is credited with founding Lingayatism and its secular practices2 He was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher statesman Kannada poet in the Shiva-focussed Bhakti movement and a social reformer during the reign of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka IndiaBasavanna spread social awareness through his poetry popularly known as Vachanaas Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination as well as some extant practices such as the wearing of sacred thread19 and replaced this with the ritual of wearing Ishtalinga necklace with an image of the Shiva LiṅgaLingayat scholars thrived in northern Karnataka during the centuries of rule by Vijayanagara Empire22 The Lingayats likely were a part of the reason why Vijayanagara succeeded in territorial expansion and in withstanding the Deccan Sultanate wars The Lingayat text Sunya sampadane grew out of the scholarly discussions in a Anubhava Mantap and according to Bill Aitken these were compiled at the Vijayanagara court during the reign of Praudha Deva RayaSimilarly the scripture of Lingayatism Basava Purana was completed in 1369 during the reign of Vijayanagara ruler Bukka Raya ILingayat Veerashaiva thinkers rejected the custodial hold of Brahmins over the Vedas and the shastras but they did not outright reject the Vedic knowledge2930 The 13th-century Telugu Virashaiva poet Palkuriki Somanatha author of Basava Purana – a scripture of Veerashaivas for example asserted Virashaivism fully conformed to the Vedas and the shastrasLingayatism teaches a path to an individual’s spiritual progress is viewed and describes it as a six-stage Satsthalasiddhanta This concept progressively evolves the individual starting with the phase of a devoteeShunya in a series of Kannada language texts is equated with the Virashaiva concept of the Supreme In particular the Shunya Sampadane texts present the ideas of Allama Prabhuin a form of dialogue where shunya is that void and distinctions which a spiritual journey seeks to fill and eliminate It is the described as state of union of one’s soul with the infinite Shiva the state of blissful moksha3This Lingayat concept is similar to shunya Brahma concept found in certain texts of Vaishnavism particularly in Odiya such as the poetic Panchasakhas It explains the Nirguna Brahman idea of Vedanta that is the eternal unchanging metaphysical reality as personified void However both in Lingayatism and various flavors of Vaishnavism such as Mahima Dharma the idea of Shunya is closer to the Hindu concept of metaphysical Brahman rather than to the Śūnyatā concept of Buddhism35 However there is some overlap such as in the works of Bhima BhoiThe Lingayats always wear the Ishtalinga held with a necklace2 The Istalinga is made up of light gray slate stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear Sometime it is made up of ashes mixed with clarified butter The coating is called Kanti coveringThe Lingayats bury their dead The dead are buried in the Dhyana mudra meditating position with their Ishta linga in their left handFRAMED FROM TIMES OF INDIAQ269 Which among the following is/are the examples of the payment banks 1 Reliance Industries2 Sun Pharmaceuticals3 PaytmSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DPayments banks is a new model of banks conceptualised by the Reserve Bank of India RBI These banks can accept a restricted deposit which is currently limited to ₹1 lakh per customer and may be increased further These banks cannot issue loans and credit cards Both current account and savings accounts can be operated by such banks Payments banks can issue services like ATM cards debit cards net-banking and mobile-banking Airtel has launched India’s first live payments bank1 Paytm is the second such service to be launched in the country India Post Payments Bank is the third entity to receive payments bank permit after Bharti Airtel and Paytm Aditya Birla group earned payments bank permit on 3 March 2017The voting rights will be regulated by the Banking Regulation Act 1949The bank should be fully networked from the beginning The bank can accept utility bills It cannot form subsidiaries to undertake non-banking activitiesThe bank cannot undertake lending activities The banks will be licensed as payments banks under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act 1949 and will be registered as public limited company under the Companies Act 2013On 19 August 2015 the Reserve Bank of India gave in-principle licences to eleven entities to launch payments banks:12131 Aditya Birla Nuvo2 Airtel M Commerce Services3 Cholamandalam Distribution Services4 Department of Posts5 FINO PayTech6 National Securities Depository7 Reliance Industries8 Sun Pharmaceuticals9 Paytm10 Tech Mahindra11 Vodafone M-PesaThe in-principle license is valid for 18 months within which the entities must fulfil the requirements They are not allowed to engage in banking activities within the period The RBI will consider grant full licenses under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act 1949 after it is satisfied that the conditions have been fulfilledFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ268 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Central Vigilance Commision 1 Prime Minister amp the Minister of Home Affairs gives recommendation on the appointment of the commissioners2 CVC have the powers to register criminal cases as well as economic crimes3 CVC can direct CBI to initiate inquiries against any officer Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 1Ans DCentral Vigilance Commission CVC is an apex Indian governmental body created in 1964 to address governmental corruption It has the status of an autonomous body free of control from any executive authority charged with monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government of India advising various authorities in central Government organizations in planning executing reviewing and reforming their vigilance workThe Commission shall consist of:• A Central Vigilance Commissioner – Chairperson• Not more than two Vigilance Commissioners – MembersThe CVC is not an investigating agencyThe only investigation carried out by the CVC is that of examining Civil Works of the Government which is done r6Corruption investigations against government officials can proceed only after the government permits them The CVC publishes a list of cases where permissions are pending some of which may be more than a year oldThe Central Vigilance Commissioner and the Vigilance Commissioners shall be appointed by the President on recommendation of a Committee consisting of the Prime Minister Chairperson the Minister of Home Affairs Member and the Leader of the Opposition in the House of the People MemberThe Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner can be removed from his office only by order of the President on the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity after the Supreme Court on a reference made to it by the President has on inquiry reported that the Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner as the case may be ought to be removed The Secretariat consists of a Secretary of the rank of Additional Secretary to the Govt of India one officer of the rank of Joint Secretary to the Govt of India ten officers of the rank of Director/Deputy Secretary four Under Secretaries and office staff• CVC is only an advisory body Central Government Departments are free to either accept or reject CVC’s advice in corruption cases13• CVC does not have adequate resources compared with number of complaints that it receives It is a very small set up with a sanctioned staff strength of 2991 Whereas it is supposed to check corruption in more than 1500 central government departments and ministries14• CVC cannot direct CBI to initiate inquiries against any officer of the level of Joint Secretary and above on its own Such a permission has to be obtained from the concerned department• CVC does not have powers to register criminal case It deals only with vigilance or disciplinary casesAppointments to CVC are indirectly under the control of Govt of India though the leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha is a member of the Committee to select CVC and VCs But the Committee considers candidates put up before it These candidates are decided by the GovernmentFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTUREQ267 With reference to the Dravidian architecture What are Agamas A These are the collection of the scriptures constituting the methods of temple constructionB These are the code of conduct that is to be followed by the BhikshusC These are the texts describing the discourse of the tirthankaraD These are the manuscripts in Indo-Aryan languages describing the spread of the templesof the southern IndiaAns ATraditional Dravidian architecture and symbolism are also based on Agamas The Agamas are non-vedic in origin and have been dated either as post-vedic texts or as pre-vedic compositionsThe Agamas are a collection of Tamil and Sanskrit scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of murti worship means of deities philosophical doctrines meditative practices attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yogaFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTUREQ266 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the scripts/texts of the Dravidian style 1 Mayamata and Manasara shilpa texts describes the art of building in India in south and central India2 Brihat-samhita is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual describing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu templesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BMayamata and Manasara shilpa texts estimated to be in circulation by 5th to 7th century AD is a guidebook on Dravidian style of Vastu Shastradesign construction sculpture and joinery paddhati is another text from the 9th century describing the art of building in India in south and central IndiaIn north India Brihat-samhita by Varāhamihira is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual from 6th century describing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu templesFRAMED FROM NIOS-INDIAN CULTUREQ265 Consider the following :1 Undavalli caves : Madhya Pradesh2 Ramatheertham : Andhra Pradesh3 Varaha Cave Temple : MamallapuramSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D Only 3Ans BRock-cut monuments in India• Aihole has 3 Jaina temple• Badami Cave Temples• Bagh Caves• Ellora Caves has 12 Buddhist 17 Hindu and 5 Jain temples19• Kanheri Caves• Lenyadri Caves• Mahabalipuram• Pancha Rathas• Kazhuku Malai• Pandavleni Caves• Pitalkhora• Undavalli caves Andhra Pradesh• Varaha Cave Temple at Mamallapuram• Masroor Temple at Kangra• Bojjannakonda Buddhist Site Andhra Pradesh• Guntupalle Buddhist Site Andhra Pradesh• Ramatheertham Andhra PradeshFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ264 Which among the following is/are the members of the Eurasian Economic Union 1 Belarus2 Russia3 Kazakhstan4 UzbekistanSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 123B 3 amp 4C 234D 1234Ans AIt is an economic union of states located primarily in northern Eurasia A treaty aiming for the establishment of the EAEU was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus Kazakhstan and Russia and came into force on 1 January 2015Treaties aiming for Armenia’s and Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the Eurasian Economic Union were signed on 9 October and 23 December 2014 respectively Armenia’s accession treaty came into force on 2 January 2015Kyrgyzstan’s accession treaty came into effect on 6 August 20151112 It participated in the EAEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding stateThe day-to-day work of the EAEU is done through the Eurasian Economic Commission the executive body which is a supranational body similar to European Commission There is also a judicial body – the Court of the EAEUThe Eurasian Economic Union is located at the eastern end of Europe bounded by the Arctic in the north the Pacific Ocean to the east and East Asia the Middle East and part of Central Asiato the southThe council is composed of the Vice Prime Ministers of the member states The collegium is composed of twelve commissioners one of which is the Chairman of the boardFRAMED FROM NIOS- INDIAN CULTUREQ263 Which of the following is/are not depicted in the Rajput paintings 1 Stories of Krishna2 Ragas amp Ragnis3 Deeds of Hamza4 Deeds of BaburSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 123B 234C 3 amp 4D Only 4Ans CRajput painting also called Rajasthani painting evolved and flourished in the royal courts of Rajputana in India Each Rajputana kingdom evolved a distinct style but with certain common features Rajput paintings depict a number of themes events of epics like the Ramayana Miniatures in manuscripts or single sheets to be kept in albums were the preferred medium of Rajput painting but many paintings were done on the walls of palaces inner chambers of the forts havelis particularly the havelis of Shekhawati the forts and palaces built by ShekhawatRajputsThe colours were extracted from certain minerals plant sources conch shells and were even derived by processing precious stones Gold and silver were used The preparation of desired colours was a lengthy process sometimes taking weeks Brushes used were very fineElements such as distinct portraiture utilized by popular Mughal artists Govardhan Hashim etc are not found in Rajput works Likewise Rajput techniques are not predominantly seen in Mughal paintingsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ262 Which among the following can remove cyanobacterial blooms from water-based systems 1 Calcium hypochlorite2 Copper sulphate3 SimazineSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DSeveral chemicals can eliminate cyanobacterial blooms from water-based systems They include: calcium hypochlorite copper sulphate cupricide and simazineCyanobacteria can produce neurotoxins cytotoxins endotoxins and hepatotoxins Oncolites are sedimentary structures composed of oncoids which are layered structures formed by cyanobacterial growth Oncolites are similar to stromatolites but instead of forming columns they form approximately spherical structures that were not attached to the underlying substrate as they formedCyanobacteria use the energy of sunlight to drive photosynthesis a process where the energy of light is used to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide Because they are aquatic organisms they typically employ several strategies which are collectively known as a carbon concentrating mechanism to aid in the acquisition of inorganic carbon CO2or bicarbonate Cyanobacteria can be found in almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat—oceans fresh water damp soil temporarily moistened rocks in deserts bare rock and soil and even Antarctic rocks They can occur as planktonic cells or form phototrophic biofilms They are found in almost every endolithic ecosystemA few are endosymbionts in lichens plants various protists or sponges and provide energy for the host Some live in the fur of sloths providing a form of camouflageAquatic cyanobacteria are known for their extensive and highly visible blooms that can form in both freshwater and marine environmentsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ261 Which among the following is/are the right tributary of the river ganga 1 Kosi2 Gandak3 Yamuna4 RamgangaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 234C Only 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans DGanga :gtLeft tributaries: Ramganga Gomati Ghaghar Gandak KosigtRight tributaries: Yamuna SonHugliFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ260 Which among the following plants is/are considered as the Weeds 1 Dandelion2 Burdrock3 AmarnathSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DWeeds : Dandelion Burdrock Lamb’s quarter Amarnath CornockleMany plants known as weeds can have beneficial properties A number of weeds such as the dandelion Taraxacum and lamb’s quarter are edible and their leaves or roots may be used for food or herbal medicine Burdock is common over much of the world and is sometimes used to make soup and medicine in East AsiaAn example of a crop weed that is grown in gardens is the corncockle Agrostemma githago which was a common weed in European wheat fields but is now sometimes grown as a garden plantWeeds may also act as a living mulch providing ground cover that reduces moisture loss and prevents erosion Weeds may also improve soil fertility dandelions for example bring up nutrients like calcium and nitrogen from deep in the soil with their tap root and clover hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its roots fertilizing the soil directly Weed control is important in agriculture Methods include hand cultivation with hoes powered cultivation with cultivators smothering with mulch lethal wilting with high heat burning or chemical attack with herbicidesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ259 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve 1 It is composed of Neyyar amp Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries only2 This biosphere reserve is dominated by Asian elephants amp Nilgiri TahrSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are Biosphere Reserve became part of World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2016 Is also under UNESCO’s world list of biosphere reserveIt is composed of Neyyar Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries and their adjoining areas of Achencoil Thenmala Konni Punalur Thiruvananthapuram Divisions and Agasthyavanam Special Division in Kerala9 Inclusion of adjoining areas of Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu has been approvedABR includes the Indian Ecoregions of South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests South Western Ghats montane rain forestsand SholaRare animals include the tiger Asian Elephant and Nilgiri Tahr Agastyamalai is also home to the KanikaranKanikkarans are the Original tribal Settlers in Agasthyamalai Biosphere ReserveFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ258 Which among the following is/are true in context with the 5-star rated celing fans 1 These are 50 more energy efficient as compared to the conventional fans2 These are rated at 75 watts as compared to earlier fans at 50 wattsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThese fans are 30 more energy efficient as compared to conventional fansThe earlier fans were rated at 75 Watts but the new fans are rated at 50 Watts 30 savings FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ257 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Gene Transfer Format 1 It is a tab-delimited doc format specific to the gene information2 It reduces problems with the interchange of data between groupsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThe Gene transfer format GTF is a file format used to hold information about gene structure It is a tab-delimited text format based on the general feature format GFF but contains some additional conventions specific to gene information A significant feature of the GTF is that it is validatable: given a sequence and a GTF file one can check that the format is correct This significantly reduces problems with the interchange of data between groupsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ256 With reference to the geographic knowledge what are Phantom islands A These are the islands that are situated beyond the continental shelf of the oceanB These are the lost lands that were existing during prehistory but disappeared as a result of catastrophic geological phenomena C These are the volcanic islands on the edge of the Indian and Burmese tectonic platesD These are the land masses formerly believed to exist in the historical age but to have been discredited as a result of expanding geographic knowledgeAns DPhantom islands as opposed to lost lands are land masses formerly believed by cartographers to exist in the historical age but to have been discredited as a result of expanding geographic knowledge Terra Australis is a phantom continent While a few phantom islands originated from literary works an example is Ogygia from Homer’s Odyssey most phantom islands are the result of navigational errorsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ255 With reference to the news which of the following is correct with respect to the ADDU Declaration A It is the declaration by the BRICS members to improve the global economic situation and reforming financial institutionsB It is a twenty points declaration issued by the SSARC members with the aim of building bridgesC It is the declaration in the Paris summit to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions D It is the declaration issued in the Maldives conference highlighting the terrorist amp social issuesAns B• Addu is the second largest city of Mamldives capital is Male where 17th SAARC conference was held September 2011• Theme of this Addu summit : Building Bridges• The leaders of SAARC Nations issued a 20-points declaration here which is known as “Addu Declaration”FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ254 Which of the following is/are correct with respect to the Generic drugs 1 These are manufactured by the private companies under the government regulations 2 These contain the same active ingredients as brand formulations but with reduced excipientsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D |
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Mose Bianchi Monza 1840-1904 was an Italian painter The family moved from Monza to Milan and Bianchi enrolled at the Brera Academy Having interrupted his studies to serve in the second war of independence he returned to attend the school of painting directed by Giuseppe Bertini The award of a grant in 1867 enabled him to visit Venice and then Paris in 1869 He took part with some success at the Brera exhibitions and the Vienna Exhibition of 1873 It was in this period that he began to paint genre scenes in 18th-century settings and numerous portraits soon becoming one of the artists most in demand with the Milanese middle classes He returned to Venice in 1879 and visited Chioggia for the first time Both places were to be featured also in later years in a series of intense views exhibited at exhibitions in Milan and Venice alongside genre scenes views of Milan and landscapes of the countryside around Gignese  MURILLO Bartolome Esteban Spanish Baroque Era Painter ca1617-1682 Spanish religious and portrait painter He was born in Seville where most of his life was spent There c1645 he painted a series of 11 pictures of the history of the Franciscan order for a monastery These brought him immediate fame and for the remainder of his life he was the favorite painter of the wealthy and pious Andalusian capital His early works show the influence of Zurbarn in the dramatic use of light and shadow Murillo adapted several compositions from northern and Italian prints Notable works of his early years include St Leander St Isidore Vision of St Anthony all: cathedral Seville Birth of the Virgin Louvre and his series for the Church of Santa Maria la Blanca In 1660 he was instrumental in founding the Seville Academy of which he shared the presidency with the younger Francisco de Herrera From 1670 to 1682 Murillo painted many of his major religious works including those for the Charity Hospital and for the Capuchin convent Seville Mus These religious works particularly the Madonnas are noted for their sweetness of mood In 1682 while working on the Marriage of St Catherine for the Capuchin church of Cediz Murillo fell from a scaffold and died as a result of his injuries Murillo’s greatest works include his fine portraits Don Andres de Andrade y la Col Metropolitan Mus and Knight of the Collar Prado and his naturalistic genre paintings such as Girl and Her Duenna National Gall Washington DC and Peasant Boy National Gall London  Myles Birket FosterRWS 1825-1899 English painter illustrator and collector After a short and unsatisfactory period working in the family brewing business he was able to convince his Quaker parents to allow him to pursue a career in art He was apprenticed to a wood-engraver Ebenezer Landells 1808-60 who recognized Foster’s talent for drawing and set him to work designing blocks for engraving Foster also provided designs for Punch and the Illustrated London News In 1846 he set up on his own as an illustrator The rustic vignettes of the seasons that he contributed to the Illustrated London News and its counterpart the Illustrated London Almanack established him as a charming interpreter of the English countryside and rural life and led to his employment illustrating similar themes in other publications During the 1850s his designs were much in demand he was called upon to illustrate volumes of the poetry of Longfellow Sir Walter Scott and John Milton  Naqqash Sinan Bey the period of 1465-1535  Narcisse Berchere French 1819-1891  Nathaniel Bacon 1585-1627 was a wealthy landowner from Culford Suffolk England self-portraitBacon was an exceptionally skillful amateur painter and gardener Only a small group of 9 of his paintings survive He was particularly known for his kitchen and market scenes dominated by still-life depictions of large vegetables and fruit often accompanied by a buxom maid the most well known being “The Cookmaid with Still Life of Vegetables and Fruit” Tate Gallery London This predilection for cook or market scenes is much more common among Dutch and Flemish painters see for example Joachim Beuckelaer 1533-1574 or from a later generation Pieter Cornelisz van Rijck 1567-ca1637 and Cornelis Jacobsz Delff Bacon is credited with the first known British landscape and also painted a self-portrait and a number of other portraits He was created a Knight of the Bath in 1625 in honour of the Coronation of Charles I He died at Culford Hall at the age of 42 He was buried there on 1 July 1627 His little daughter Jane aged three years died that same October and is buried alongside her father The entries of their burials follow each other in the Culford Parish Burial Register He was the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon 1st Baronet  Neroccio di Bartolomeo 1447 – 1500 was an Italian painter and sculptor of the early-Renaissance or Quattrocento period in Siena He was a student of Vecchietta and then he shared a workshop with Francesco di Giorgio from 1468 He painted Scenes from the life of St Benedict now in the Uffizi probably in collaboration with di Giorgio and a Madonna and Child between Saint Jerome and Saint Bernard which is in the Pinacoteca of Siena In 1472 he painted an Assumption for the abbey of Monte Oliveto Maggiore and in 1475 he created a statue of Saint Catherine of Siena for the Sienese church dedicated to her He separated from di Giorgio in 1475 In 1483 he designed the Hellespontine Sybil for the mosaic pavement of the Cathedral of Siena  Niccolo Bambini 1651-1736 was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance and early-Baroque periods He was born in Venice and first studied under Giulio Mazzoni at Venice but afterwards went to Rome where he became a pupil of Carlo Maratti He painted for the church of San Stefano soon after his return from Rome He died in Venice He had two sons who were painters Giovanni and Stefano  Nicholaes Berchem 1620-1683 Dutch Nicholaes Berchem Gallery  Nicolaas Baur who was born at Harlingen in 1767 was the son of Hendricus Antonius Baur a portrait painter born 1736 died 1817 He painted landscapes and views of cities and many houses in Holland are embellished by his works He also painted moonlight and winter scenes and was particularly successful in marine subjects He is considered one of the best of the later Dutch marine painters He died at Harlingen in 1820  Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem 1 October 1620 – 18 February 1683 was a highly esteemed and prolific Dutch Golden Age painter of pastoral landscapes populated with mythological or biblical figures but also of a number of allegories and genre pieces Born in Haarlem he received instruction from his father Pieter Claesz and from the painters Jan van Goyen Pieter de Grebber Jan Baptist Weenix Jan Wils and Claes Cornelisz MoeyaertAccording to Houbraken Carel de Moor told him that Berchem got his name from two words “Berg hem” for “Save him!” an expression used by his fellows in Van Goyen’s workshop whenever his father chased him there with the intent to beat him No trip or Grand Tour by Berchem was documented by Houbraken though he mentioned another story about the “Berg hem!” nickname which came from Berchem’s conscription as a sailor the man in charge of impressment knew him and sent him ashore with the words “Save him!”Today his name is assumed to come from his father’s hometown of Berchem Antwerp According to the RKD he traveled to Italy with Jan Baptist Weenix whom he called his cousin in 1642-5 Works by him are signed both as “CBerghem” and “Berchem”  Nicolas Bernard Lepicie was a French painter 16 June 1735 – 15 September 1784 the son of two reputed engravers at the time Francois-Bernard and Renee-Elisabeth was introduced to the artistic and cultural environment by his parents Nicolas-Bernard studied with reputed artists of the century including Carle Vanloo In 1769 he was accepted to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris Three years later in 1770 he became an assistant professor and in 1777 a professor Important names such as Carle Vernet Jean-Frederic Schall Jean-Antoine-Theodore Giroust Jean-Joseph Taillasson Henri-Pierre Danloux Jean-Baptiste Regnault and Nicolas-Antoine  Nikolai Petrovitch Bogdanov-Belsky painted Mental Calculation In Public School of S A Rachinsky in 1895  Nikolas Kornilievich Bodarevsky painted Portrait of the Empress Alexandra Fedorovna in 1907  Nikolay Bogdanov-Belsky Russian 1868-1945 was a Russian painter Bogdanov-Belsky was born in the village of Shitiki in Smolensk Governorate in 1868 He studied art at the Semyon Rachinsky fine art school icon-painting at the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1883 modern painting at the Moscow School of Painting Sculpture and Architecture in 1884 to 1889 and at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St Petersburg from 1894 to 1895 He worked and studied in private studios in Paris in the late 1890s Bogdanov-Belsky was active in St Petersburg After 1921 he worked exclusively in Riga Latvia He became a member of several prominent societies in including the Peredvizhniki from 1895 and the Arkhip Kuindzhi Society from 1909 of which he was a founding member and chairman from 1913 to 1918 Bogdanov-Belsky painted mostly genre paintings especially of the education of peasant children portraits and impressionistic landscapes studies He became pedagogue and academician in 1903 He was an active Member of the Academy of Arts in 1914 Bogdanov-Belsky died in 1945 in Berlin He was a member of the Russian Fraternitas Arctica in Riga  Nils Blommer 1816 – 1853was a Swedish painter Starting his career as an apprentice in Lund he experimented with painting portraits from the age of 20 He achieved some successes and in 1839 he had saved up enough money to move to Stockholm There he took the name Blommr and enrolled in the Fria konsternas akademi After winning the academy’s prize several times he got a stipend in 1847 to travel abroad He spent time in Paris but later moved to Italy where he married his wife Edla Gustafva Jansson also a painter in November 1852 A few months later he caught a fatal chest disease  NOTKE Bernt German Sculptor ca1440-1509  Ole Peter Hansen Balling 1823-1906  Olga Boznanska Krakow 1865-1940 ParisPolish painter She took drawing lessons at home from the age of nine and began regular studies in 1883 under the portrait painter Kazimierz Pochwalski 1855-1940 She continued her training in 1884-5 at the Adam Baraniecki School of Art the only school in Krakew accessible to women at that time She went to Munich for further study working in the studio of Carl Kricheldorf b 1863 in 1886-7 and in that of Wilhelm Derr 1857-1900 in 1888 In 1889 she participated in the Internationale Kunstausstellung in Munich and opened her own studio which over the next decade became a meeting-place for students In 1895 she ran a private school of painting founded by Professor Theodor Humml 1864-1939  Orazio Borgianni Italian Baroque Era Painter 1578-1616  oscar bjorck född 15 januari 1860 i Stockholm död av en hjärtattack i sitt hem klockan 0300 den 5 december 1929 var en svensk konstnär och professor vid Konsthögskolan 1898-1925 och från 1918 även vice preses Åren 1877-1882 var han elev till Edvard Persus vid konstakademins principskola och målade bland annat prisämnena Loke fängslas af asarne 1880 Gustaf Vasa inför kung Hans 1881 och Den förlorade sonens återkomst 1882 belönad med kungliga medaljen 1883 fick Björck akademiskt resestipendium och vistades vintern 1883C84 i Paris Vintern 1884C85 reste Björck till Mnchen målade några porträtt bland annat ett i helfigur av sin hustru Våren 1885 flyttade han till Venezia och på hösten till Rom Där målade han den stora modelltavlan Susanna Göteborgs museum och Romerska smeder galleriet i Washington en skiss till samma tavla finns i Göteborgs museum 1887 målades i Venezia Veneziansk saluhall nationalmuseum Lördagsmässa i Markuskyrkan och andra tavlor Efter en sommarvistelse på Skagen där han förut tillbringat två somrar 1882 och 1884 bosatte sig Björck 1888 i Stockholm Han har sedan huvudsakligast målat porträtt Bland dessa kan nämnas flera av konung Oscar bland dem ett på Skokloster ett i helfigur på Drottningholm ett med krona och mantel på Stockholms slott ett som övergick i tyske kejsarens ägo prins Eugen vid staffliet nationalmuseum 1895 kronprins Gustaf Stockholms slott 1900 konstnärens hustru helfigur 1891 Göteborgs museum och friherre Nordenfalk konstakademien 1892 Dessutom skapade han några landskap ett par genrebilder och olika dekorativa målningar Från 1889 var han ledamot vid konstakademin och lärare vid Konsthögskolan 1898 blev han professor Björck var kommissarie för konstavdelningen vid Stockholmsutställningen 1897 och vid Baltiska utställningen 1914 samt för den svenska utställningen i London 1924  Oscar Bluemner German-born American Painter 1867-1938was a German-born American Modernist painter He was born in Hanover Germany He moved to Chicago in 1893 where he freelanced as a draftsman He relocated to New York in 1901 In 1910 he met Alfred Stieglitz who introduced him to the artistic innovations of the European and American avant-garde Then in 1915 Stieglitz gave him a solo exhibition at his gallery 291  Oscar Bluhm German Painter 1867-1912  Osias Beert 1580-1624 Flemish Osias Beert Galleries Flemish painter In 1596 he went to study with Andries van Baseroo and in 1602 became a master in the Antwerp Guild of St Luke these two dates suggest his probable date of birth Beert married Marguerite Ykens on 8 January 1606 Contemporary documents describe him as a cork merchant The esteem enjoyed by Beert is indicated by the large number of pupils he had including in 1610 Frans van der Borch in 1615 Frans Ykens in 1616 Paulus Pontius and in 1618 Jan Willemssen Beerts son Osias Beert the younger 1622-78 was also a painter and became a master in 1645  Osip Braz painted Portrait of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov in 1898  Osman Hamdy Bey Turkey born 1842 – died 1910  Otto Bache 1739-1927  Otto Barth 18 June 1891 – 3 May 1963 was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded the 30 Infanterie-Division He was also a recipient of the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross The Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership Otto Barth was captured by Soviet troops following the fall of the Courland Pocket in 1945 He was held until 1955  Otto Boetticher Circa 1816-  Paolo Antonio Barbieri 1603-1649 was an Italian painter who was the brother of Guercino He was born at Cento a village near Bologna The subjects of his pictures are flowers fruit and game but he particularly excelled in painting fish  Paolo Emilio Besenzi 1608-1656 was an Italian painter of the 17th century born and active in Reggio He trained with Francesco Albani Friend and companion of Lionello Spada he painted for the church of San Pietro He was also known as sculptor and architect  Parentino Bernardo Italian Painter 1437-1531 was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period active mainly in Padua Born in Parenzo then a Venetian town in Istria and died in Vicenza He was influenced if not a pupil of the painter Andrea Mantegna He became an Augustinian monk under name of Lorenzo He painted Scenes of the life of San Benedetto for the cloister of Santa Giustina at Padua and a Nativity once at the Accademia in Venice He painted a nightmarish Temptation of St Anthony Abbot found at the Doria Pamphilj Gallery An Adoration of the Magi  PARENZANO Bernardino Italian painter Paduan school b ca 1450 Parenzo d ca 1500 Vicenza  Paris Bordone Italian 1500-1571 Italian painter and draughtsman He is best known for his strikingly beautiful depictions of women both in portraits and in cabinet paintings He also excelled in rendering monumental architectural settings for narrative both religious and secular possibly initiating a genre that would find great currency during the mid-16th century especially in Venice France and the Netherlands His favoured media were oil and fresco the latter being used on both interiors and faades Although he was not generally sought after by Venetian patrons during his career as his art was eclipsed by that of Titian Paolo Veronese and Jacopo Tintoretto Bordone was regarded in the mid-16th century as an accomplished artist Pino Sansovino He worked for the moneyed lite of northern Italy and Bavaria for the royalty of France and Poland and had works commissioned to be sent to Spain and to Flanders Despite knowledge of the important patrons for whom he worked the chronology of Bordones oeuvre is by no means clear Dating on stylistic grounds is confounded by the diverse sources on which he drew ranging from the Emilian Lombard and Venetian to the French and northern European depending on the patron Due to the ease with which prints circulated during Bordones career it is difficult to ascertain whether influences were derived at first hand or from printed images Such difficulties in assigning dates are further exacerbated by his use of the same figure study for numerous paintings evidently executed decades apart Reliance on the testimony of Vasari who interviewed Bordone in 1566 in conjunction with the extant documents the few signed and dated paintings and to a lesser extent period fashion provides only a rough outline of his activity Due to the lack of agreement among scholars regarding chronology the following account is based mainly on the documentary evidence  Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret January 7 1852 – July 3 1929 was one of the leading French artists of the academic school He was born in Paris the son of a tailor and was raised by his grandfather after his father emigrated to Brazil Later he added his grandfatheres name Bouveret to his own From 1869 he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under Alexandre Cabanel and Jean-Leon Gerôme In 1873 he opened his own studio with a fellow student Gustave-Claude-Etienne Courtois From 1875 he exhibited at the Salon where in 1880 he won the first-class medal for the painting An Accident and a medal of honour in 1885 for Horses at the Watering Trough From the 1880s Dagnan-Bouveret along with Gustave Courtois maintained a studio in Neuilly-sur-Seine a fashionable suburb of Paris By that time he was recognized as a leading modern artist known for his peasant scenes but also for his mystical-religious compositions His large-scale painting The Last Supper was exhibited at the Salon de Champ-de-Mars in 18961 He also painted portraits for wealthy clients including the British collector George McCulloch He was one of the first to use the then new medium of photography to bring greater realism to his paintings In 1891 he was made an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1900 he became a member of the Institut de France  PASSEROTTI Bartolomeo Italian Painter 1529-1592  Patrick Henry Bruce American Cubist Painter 1881-1936 was an American cubist painter A descendant of Patrick Henry Bruce was born in Campbell County Virginia the second of four children His family had once owned a huge plantation Berry Hill worked by over 3000 slaves Berry Hill is now a resort amp conference center outside South Boston Virginia and is now a National Historic Landmark Berry Hill Estate originally was part of a 105000-acre 420 km2 tract granted by the English Crown in 1728 to William Byrd II The Civil War left the Bruce’s wealth greatly diminished Bruce began taking evening classes at the Art Club of Richmond in 1898 while working in a real estate office during the daytime His earliest known extant painting dates from 1900 In 1902 he moved to New York where he studied with William Merritt Chase Robert Henri and Kenneth Hayes Miller By February 1904 he was in Paris where he would live until 1933 Although his evolution toward a modernist style was gradual his works of 1908 reveal the influence of Renoir and Czanne and in that year he was among the first to enroll in Matisse’s school Bruce exhibited regularly in the Salon d’Automne and met many of the leading artists of the early twentieth century avant garde  Paul Barthel painted Interieur mit geoffneter Vitrine in 1862 – 1933  Paul Baudry French Academic Painter 1828-1886 Specializes in Portraits Specializes in Portraitswas a French painter He studied under Michel Martin Drolling and carried off the Prix de Rome in 1850 by his picture of Zenobia found on the banks of the Araxes His talent from the first revealed itself as strictly academical full of elegance and grace but somewhat lacking originality In the course of his residence in Italy Baudry derived strong inspiration from Italian art with the mannerism of Correggio as was very evident in the two works he exhibited in the Salon of 1857 which were purchased for the Luxembourg: The Martyrdom of a Vestal Virgin and The Child His Leda St John the Baptist and a Portrait of Beul exhibited at the same time took a first prize that year Throughout this early period Baudry commonly selected mythological or fanciful subjects one of the most noteworthy being The Pearl and the Wave 1862 Once only did he attempt an historical picture Charlotte Corday after the murder of Marat 1861 and returned by preference to the former class of subjects or to painting portraits of illustrious men of his day: Guizot Charles Garnier Edmond About The works that crowned Baudrys reputation were his mural decorations which show much imagination and a high artistic gift for color as may be seen in the frescoes in the Paris Court of Cassation at the château of Chantilly and some private residences the Hôtel Fould and Hôtel Paivabut above all in the decorations of the foyer of the Opera Garnier These more than thirty paintings in all and among them compositions figurative of dancing and music occupied the painter for ten years Baudry was a member of the Institut de France succeeding Jean-Victor Schnetz Two of his colleagues  Paul Baum painted Landschaft in 1896  Paul Berthon A truly gifted illustrator and poster artist French 1872-1909 French designer and lithographer He began his training in Villefranche where he studied painting and in 1893 he moved to Paris entering the Ecole Normale d’Enseignement du Dessin There he became a pupil and disciple of Eugne-Samuel Grasset the Professor of Decorative Arts and was also influenced by Luc Olivier Merson Berthon’s main output consisted of posters and decorative panels However he also produced bookbindings and furniture designs both of which he exhibited at the Salon in 1895 designs for ceramics for Villeroy amp Boch in the late 1890s and a few designs for the covers of such magazines as L’Image July 1897 and Poster May 1899 His work is in an Art Nouveau style and he adopted that movement’s plant and figural motifs especially the motif of the femme fatale and also its long sinuous lines  Paul Bril Flemish Baroque Era Painter ca1554-1626 Paul 1554-1626 and Mattheus 1550-1583 Brill or Bril were brothers both born in Antwerp who were landscape painters who worked in Rome after earning papal favor They are also described as painters of capricci whims or fancies or vedute ideate or veduta di fantasia with typical rustic hills with a few ruins Mattheus began work on several frescoes in Rome from 1570 onwards and his work includes the Vatican Seasons Mattheus died young and his brother continued his work around 1574 Paul painted frescoes such as the landscapes in the Casino Rospigliosi Rome and The Roman Forum which showed this site for what it had become: a slum for squatters and pasture for livestock so much so that the place was nicknamed Campo Vaccino or The Cowfield His masterpiece may be a fresco in the Clementine Hall of the Vatican Paul also did engravings and small cabinet paintings on copper some of which are signed with a pair of spectacles a pun on the French word brilles spectacles Some of these were collaborations with Johann Rottenhammer who according to a dealer letter of 1617 painted the figures in Venice and then sent the plates to Rome for Bril to complete the landscape He collaborated with his friend Adam Elsheimer who he both influenced and was influenced by on one painting now Chatsworth House  Paul Brill Flemish painter 1554-Rome 1626 were brothers both born in Antwerp who were landscape painters who worked in Rome after earning papal favor They are also described as painters of capricci whims or fancies or vedute ideate or veduta di fantasia with typical rustic hills with a few ruins Mattheus began work on several frescoes in Rome from 1570 onwards and his work includes the Vatican’s Seasons Mattheus died young and his brother continued his work around 1574 Paul a student of Damiaen Oertelmans painted frescoes such as the landscapes in the Casino Rospigliosi Rome and The Roman Forum which showed this site for what it had become: a slum for squatters and pasture for livestock so much so that the place was nicknamed Campo Vaccino or “The Cowfield” His masterpiece may be a fresco in the Clementine Hall of the Vatican Paul also did engravings and small cabinet paintings on copper some of which are signed with a pair of spectacles a pun on the French word brilles “spectacles” Some of these were collaborations with Johann Rottenhammer who according to a dealer’s letter of 1617 painted the figures in Venice and then sent the plates to Rome for Bril to complete the landscape He collaborated with his friend Adam Elsheimer who he both influenced and was influenced by on one painting  Paul Buffet French 1864-1941  Paul-Albert Besnard 2 June 1849 –4 December 1934 was a French painter and printmaker He was born in Paris and studied at the École des Beaux-Arts studied with Jean Bremond and was influenced by Alexandre Cabanel He won the Prix de Rome in 1874 with the painting Death of Timophanes Until about 1880 he followed the academic tradition but then broke away completely and devoted himself to the study of colour and light as conceived by the Impressionists The realism of this group never appealed to his bold imagination but he applied their technical method to ideological and decorative works on a large scale such as his frescoes at the Sorbonne the Ecole de Pharmacie the ceiling of the Comedie-Française main theatre in Paris the Salle des Sciences at the Hôtel de Ville the mairie of the Ier arrondissement and the chapel of Berck hospital for which he painted twelve Stations of the Cross in an entirely modern spirit A great virtuoso he achieved brilliant successes alike in watercolour pastel oil and etching both in portraiture in landscape and in decoration His close analysis of light can be studied in his picture La femme qui se chauffe at the Luxembourg in Paris one of a large group of nude studies of which a later example is Une Nymphe au bord de la mer and in the work produced during and after a visit to India in 1911 A large panel Peace by Arbitration was completed seven days before the outbreak of war in 1914  Paul-Louis Bouchard French 1853-1937  Paula Modersohn-Becker German 1876-1907 Paula Becker was born and grew up in Dresden-Friedrichstadt She was the third child of seven children in her family Her father who was the son of a Russian university professor was employed with the German railway He and Modersohn-Becker’s mother who was from an aristocratic family provided the children a cultured and intellectual environment in the house hold Modersohn-Becker’s parental home 1888-1899In 1888 her parents moved from Dresden to Bremen While visiting an aunt in London England she received her first instruction in drawing Apart from her teacher’s training in Bremen in 1893-1895 Paula took private instruction in painting In 1896 she participated in a course for painting and drawing sponsored by the “Verein der Berliner Knstlerinnen” Union of Berlin Female Artists which offered art studies to women Paula Modersohn-Becker Clara Rilke WesthoffAt the age of 22 she encountered the artistic community of Worpswede In this “village” artists such as Fritz Mackensen 1866-1953 and Heinrich Vogeler 1872-1942 had retreated to protest against the domination of the art academy and life in the big city At Worpswede Paula Modersohn-Becker took painting lessons from Mackensen The main subjects were the life of the farmers and the northern German landscape At this time she began close friendships with the sculptor Clara Westhoff 1875-1954 and the poet Rainer Maria Rilke 1875-1926 She also fell in love during this period and in 1901 she married a fellow Worpswede painter Otto Modersohn In marrying Otto she also became a stepmother to Otto’s daughter Elsbeth Modersohn the child from his first marriage to Helene Modersohn then deceased Paula Modersohn-Becker Rainer Maria Rilke 1906Between 1900 and 1907 Paula made several extended trips to Paris for artistic purposes sometimes living separately from her husband Otto During one of her residencies in Paris she took courses at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts She visited contemporary exhibitions often and was particularly intrigued with the work of Paul Czanne Other post impressionists were especially influential including Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Gauguin Fauve influences may also appear in such works as Poorhouse Woman with a Glass Bottle The influence by the work of French painter Jean-Francois Millet who was widely admired among the artists in the Worpswede group may be seen in such pieces as her 1900 Peat Cutters Reclining Mother and ChildIn her last trip to Paris in 1906 she produced a body of paintings from which she felt very great excitement and satisfaction During this period of painting she produced her initial nude self-portraits something surely unprecedented by a female painter and portraits of friends such as Rainer Maria Rilke and Werner Sombart Some critics consider this period of her art production to be the strongest and most compelling Paula with Mathilde November 1907 days before Paula’s deathIn 1907 Paula Modersohn-Becker returned to her husband in Worpswede Their relationship which had been particularly strained in 1906 had taken a turn towards improvement Paula’s long-lived wish to conceive and bear a child was fulfilled Her daughter Mathilde Tillie Modersohn was born on November 2 1907 Paula and Otto were joyous Sadly the joy became soon overshadowed by tragedy as Paula Modersohn-Becker died suddenly in Worpswede on November 20th from an embolism In 1908 Rainer Maria Rilke wrote the renowned poem “Requiem for a Friend” in Paula’s memory The poem was born of the imprint that Paula’s life death and friendship left upon Rilke  Paulus Bor Amersfoort c 1601 – Amersfoort 10 August 1669 was a Dutch painter Bor was descended from a notable Catholic family He made a study trip to Rome where he was one of the founders of the Bentvueghels taking the nickname Orlando He returned in 1626 to Amersfoort and joined Jacob van Campen in the decoration of the palace Honselaarsdijk belonging to Frederik Hendrik In 1656 he became regent of the godshuis “De Armen de Poth” in Amersfoort Bor’s style of painting was rather at odds with that of contemporary painters from Utrecht He initially painted rather Caravaggisti-like history paintings but his works fast became marked by a classicism related to that of his townsman van Campen Through unusual compositions and primitive technique his paintings depict strange and mysterious subjects  Peder Balke Peter Andersen was born on the island of Helgøya in Hedmark county Norway He grew up Ringsaker but stayed in the 1820s on the Balke farm in Toten in Oppland county Farmers in Toten paid his education and as thanks he decorated several of the farms in Toten on his return They actively encouraged his painting activities and later supported him in higher education In the autumn of 1827 Balke served as an apprentice to Heinrich August Grosch he was also a student at the Tegneskole under Grosch and Jacob Munch Balke signed a two year contract as an apprentice at the Danish decoration and artist Jens Funch From autumn 1829 to spring 1833 he was a pupil of Carl Johan Fahlcrantz at the art academy in Stockholm Balke was also a pupil of Johan Christian Dahl from 1843 to 1844 During the summer of 1830 he walked through Telemark Rjukan Vestfjorddalen over Røldal and Kinsarvik to Bergen and then back over Vossevangen to Gudvangen further over Fillefjell to Valdres and thence across the mountains to Hallingdal All the way he painted and drew small sketches that were later developed into paintings He also traveled to Germany and Russia He visited Paris and London In Stockholm he completed several of the paintings he had outlined of his Finnmark tour Some of these were sold to the royal family In 1846 he sold thirty of his paintings to Louis-Philippe of France for Versailles Besides the 17 paintings in the National Gallery in Oslo Peder Balke also is represented at several major art collections in Norway and Sweden  Pedro Berruguete c 1450 – 1504 was a Spanish painter his art is regarded as a transitional style between gothic and Renaissance Born in Paredes de Nava Spain he went to Italy in 1480 and worked in Federigo da Montefeltro’s court in Urbino where he could see some works by Melozzo da Forle He came back to Spain in 1482 and painted in several cities such as Sevilla Toledo and Ávila He was the father of an important sculptor Alonso Berruguete considered the most important sculptor in Renaissance Spain |
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आईएएस 2019 प्रिलिम्स -मौक सवाल-हिंदी मेँ – इस लिँक पर क्लिक करेँ MOCK Q495- WILL BE UPLOADED ON 10 FEBRUARY 2020 MOCK Q494 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ In context with the CIRDAP a regional Inter – Governmental and autonomous institution which among the following statements are correct 1 Originally the institution had six members but now the number has gone up to 252 It was jointly established on 6 July 1979 by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation FAO in coordination with several other UN bodies and donors 3 India is one of the key founding members of this OrganisationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans C About CIRDAP• It is a regional Inter – Governmental and autonomous institution• It was jointly established on 6 July 1979 by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation FAO in coordination with several other UN bodies and donors • India is one of the key founding members of this Organisation• The headquarters of the institution is located at Dhaka in Bangladesh• The main objective of the body is to promote regional cooperation and act as a serving institution for its member countries for promotion of integrated rural development through research action training and information dissemination• There are 46 countries in Asia Pacific Region therefore CIRDAP has great potential for expansion for which they would be assisted by CIRDAP Centres• Originally the institution had six members but now the number has gone up to 15 The member countries include India Pakistan Sri Lanka Nepal Malaysia Afghanistan Bangladesh Fiji Indonesia Iran Lao PDR Myanmar Philippines Thailand and Vietnam MOCK Q493 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following serves as the Secretariat for the SASEC member countries A Asian Development BankB World BankC ASEAN Regional ForumD World Bank GroupAns AAbout South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation• The SASEC brings together seven countries in a project-based partnership to promote regional prosperity by improving cross-border connectivity boosting trade among member countries and strengthening regional economic cooperation• The SASEC countries are Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Myanmar Nepal and Sri Lanka• The Program was set up in 2001• The Asian Development Bank ADB serves as the Secretariat for the SASEC member countries MOCK Q492 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Recently our scientists have discovered Tree-living crab species that includes the structure of its hard upper shell its male abdominal structure and reproductive parts and diagnostic elongated walking legs which no other genus has In which part of India has it been discoveredA Anaimalai ForestsB Western Ghats of Kerala C Andaman IslandsD Tropical Rain Forests of North eastAns BTree-living crab species Kani maranjandu found in KeralaThe key traits of the crab include the structure of its hard upper shell its male abdominal structure and reproductive parts and diagnostic elongated walking legs which no other genus hasA group of scientists discovered a new species of long legged tree-dwelling crabs in Western Ghats of KeralaThe species are named after the Kani tribe in Kerala• The survey of the freshwater crab fauna had started in the year 2014 in the Westerns Ghats in KeralaAbout Kani tribe• Kani is a tribe living in the Western Ghats area of Kerala MOCK Q491 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ “Death Penalty Report” is released by which organization A Amnesty InternationalB GreenpeaceC World Social ForumD Doctors Without BordersAns AAmnesty International released Death Penalty Report 2016As per the report at least 60 people who had been sentenced to death were exonerated in 9 countries in 2016 MOCK Q490 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ “Globalization Backlash” is released by which organization A World Bank B World Tourism Organisation C World Bank GroupD International Fund for Agricultural Development Ans AWorld Bank released report Globalization BacklashSouth Asia’s performance will maintain momentum with the gap between its growth rate and that of East Asia slightly widening over timeHighlights of Globalization Backlash• With a strong performance in the eastern part of the South Asia Region – in particular in Bhutan Bangladesh and India – the region defied disappointing world growth in 2016• Inflation slowed down in the second half of 2016 mainly due to lower food prices but appears to be turning up again• Despite recent real exchange rate appreciation current account balances are mostly in order throughout the region MOCK Q489 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ In context with the Agni-III which among the following statements is/are correct 1 This Surface-to-Surface nuclear capable intermediate-range ballistic missile can hit targets in the range of around 2500 km2 It can carry a warhead of 15 tonne which is protected by carbon all composite heat shield3 The missile was inducted into the armed forces in June 2016Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 3C Only 2D 123Ans CHighlights of the Agni-III ballistic missile• This Surface-to-Surface nuclear capable intermediate-range ballistic missile can hit targets in the range of around 3000 km• The two-stage solid-propelled missile has a length of 17 metres 2 metres diameter and its launch weight is around 50 tonnes• It can carry a warhead of 15 tonne which is protected by carbon all composite heat shield• The missile was inducted into the armed forces in June 2011 MOCK Q488 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term Microlensing sometimes seen in news A It is a technique that aids the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlightsB It is a technique to correct refractive errors of the eye by permanently changing the shape of the corneaC It is a technique of reducing the person’s dependence on glasses by preparing the contact lenses D None of the aboveAns AWhat is Microlensing• It is a technique that aids the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlights• When a star crosses from the front of a bright star the gravity of the star in the front focuses the light of the background star making it appear brighter• So a planet orbiting the foreground star may cause a glitch in its brightness MOCK Q487 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Recently India has become the member of which of the following UN subsidiary bodies for the period of three years 1 Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC2 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE3 International Narcotics Control BoardSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans AIndia along with 12 other members was elected for the period of three years to the Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council ECOSOCThese two organisations are Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC and International Narcotics Control BoardIndia’s Election to Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC• India along with 12 other members was elected for the period of three years to the Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council ECOSOC• It garnered the most number of votes in the Asian group with 49 out of 50 members of ECOSOC voting in its favour• The other 12 members elected for three-year terms include Burkina Faso Iran Japan Pakistan Belarus Bulgaria Moldova Brazil Chile Cuba the United Kingdom and United States• The CPC is the main subsidiary organ of the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly for planning programming and coordination MOCK Q486 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA to transfer Sterile Insect Technique to numerous countries to combat which among the following virus disease A ZikaB Small poxC EbollaD Common cold and different types of fluAns AIAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA to transfer Sterile Insect Technique under 23 Million Euro Project to Combat ZikaSince 1997 SIT has been transferred to numerous countries to combat pests that affect food and crops and insects that transmit diseases including mosquitoesAbout Sterile Insect Technique SITSterile Insect Technique SIT is a form of pest control that uses ionizing radiation to sterilize male insects mass-produced in special rearing facilitiesSince 1997 SIT has been transferred to numerous countries by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture MOCK Q485 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following statements is/are correct with respect to the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund 1 It was established as a Category II Alternate Investment Funds AIF as per the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI2 It has an initial corpus of 20000 crore rupees which can be leveraged by infrastructure companies including Indian Rail Finance Corporation IRFC and National Housing Bank NHBSelect the correct answer using the codes given below A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CAbout National Investment and Infrastructure Fund• The fund was approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2015 to fund new and rejuvenate stressed projects so that stalled investment cycle is revived in the country• It was established as a Category II Alternate Investment Funds AIF as per the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI• It has an initial corpus of 20000 crore rupees which can be leveraged by infrastructure companies including Indian Rail Finance Corporation IRFC and National Housing Bank NHB• On the basis of the above early warning signals the branch maintaining the account should consider forwarding the stressed accounts with aggregate loan limits above 10 lakh rupees to the Committee for Stressed MSMEs within five working days for a suitable corrective action plan CAP• As regards accounts with aggregate loan limits up to 10 lakh rupees identified as SMA-2 the account should be mandatorily examined for CAP by the branch itself under the authority of the branch manager /designated official as decided by the bank• The option under CAP may include Rectification Restructuring and Recovery among others MOCK Q484 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Apart from the rotavirus vaccine which among the following new vaccine has been introduced as part of UIP Universal Immunization Programme A Inactivated Polio Vaccine IPVB Hepatitis A VaccineC Chicken Pox VaccineD Hepatitis B VaccineAns ASNIPPET FROM THE NEWS :Health Minister JP Nadda launched Rotavirus vaccine as part of Universal Immunization ProgrammeThe vaccine is being introduced initially in four states which are Andhra Pradesh Haryana Himachal Pradesh and Odisha and will be expanded to the entire country in a phased mannerApart from the rotavirus vaccine three new vaccines are also being introduced as part of UIP including Inactivated Polio Vaccine IPV Measles Rubella MR vaccine and Adult Japanese Encephalitis JE vaccineAbout Universal Immunization Programme• Universal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985• It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission NRHM since 2005 MOCK Q483 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following Protected Area Network is associated with the Madrid Action Plan A Biosphere ReservesB Conservation ReservesC Biodiversity HotspotsD Community reservesAns AMadrid Action Plan for Biosphere Reserves MOCK Q482 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Worldwide Cost of Living survey is released by which of the following organization A Organisation for Economic Cooperation amp Development B World Economic ForumC Economist Intelligence UnitD UN Human Rights CouncilAns CEconomist Intelligence Unit released Worldwide Cost of Living Report 2016EIU ranked Singapore as the priciest city while were Lusaka the capital of Zambia was named as the cheapest city of the worldEconomist Intelligence Unit EIU released Worldwide Cost of Living Report 2016 on 10 March 2016 According to the report Mumbai and Bangalore are among the cheapest cities in the worldEIU ranked Singapore as the priciest city ahead of Zurich Hong Kong Geneva and ParisThe Economist Intelligence Unit helps business leaders prepare for opportunity empowering them to act with confidence when making strategic decisionsThe Worldwide Cost of Living survey is released twice a year by the EIU It compares more than 400 individual prices across 160 products and services in 131 cities including food drink clothing household supplies and personal care items home rents transport utility bills private schools domestic help and recreational costs MOCK Q481 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following destinations spread across the states under the Krishna Circuit 1 Nathdwar2 Puri3 Bhadrachalam4 SikarSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 amp 3B 124C 234D 1234Ans BDestinations under Krishna CircuitUnder Krishna circuit 12 destinations spread across 5 states are proposed These are:• Dwarka Gujarat• Nathdwara Jaipur amp Sikar Rajasthan• Kurukshetra Haryana• Mathura Vrindavan Gokul Barsana Nandgaon amp Govardhan Uttar Pradesh• Puri OdishaBesides projects worth more than 300 crores rupees were approved in-principle in Uttar Pradesh under both the circuitsUnder Ramayana Circuit 11 destinations spread across 6 states are proposed These are:• Ayodhya Nandigram Shringhverpur amp Chitrakoot Uttar Pradesh• Sitamarhi Buxar amp Darbhanga Bihar• Jagdalpur Chattisgarh• Bhadrachalam Telangana• Hampi Karnataka• Rameshwaram Tamil NaduExpert committee also suggested including Chitrakoot Madhya Pradesh Nashik amp Nagpur Maharashtra and Mahendragiri Odisha in the proposed circuit MOCK Q480 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following is/are the long term FPIs Foreign Portfolio Investors A Sovereign Wealth Funds OnlyB Pension Funds OnlyC Sovereign Wealth Funds Endowment Funds Insurance Funds Pension FundsD Sovereign Wealth Funds Insurance Funds Pension FundsAns CMarkets regulator the Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI on 29 March 2016 decided to increase the Foreign Portfolio Investors FPI investment limit in Central Government securities This will boost inflows of foreign funds into Indian capital marketsThe limit for long term FPIs Sovereign Wealth Funds Multilateral Agencies Endowment Funds Insurance Funds Pension Funds and Foreign Central Banks in the Central Government securities will be enhanced to 50000 crore rupees from 4 April 2016 and 56000 crore rupees on 5 July 2016 Currently the existing limit is 44100 crore rupees for long term FPIs MOCK Q479 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term Fertile Crescent sometimes seen in news A It is the Rajasthan’s state fertile soil that provides food amp firewood to support rural economyB It is the confluence of different biogeographical zones that is very rich in species diversityC It is a tree species found in a part of south India that can serve as a safety hedge against coastal calamitiesD It is an ancient area of fertile soil amp vital rivers in the middle eastAns DFertile Crescent : It is an ancient area of fertile soil amp vital rivers in the middle east-Initiative of UN’s Food amp Agriculture Organisation amp University of Birmingham’s school of Biosciences MOCK Q478 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following statements is/are correct with respect to the Angel Fund 1 It has been launched very recently under which the first generation entrepreneurs can get a maximum loan of 5 lakh rupees at 5 interest pa2 The loan will have a moratorium period of maximum 9 months during which no interest rates will be charged Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt has been launched in 2013 by Assam Chief Minister under which the first generation entrepreneurs can get a maximum loan of 5 lakh rupees at 5 interest paThe loan will have a moratorium period of maximum 10 months during which no interest rates will be charged MOCK Q477 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Equity Index consider the following statements :1 It was launched in collaboration with the world bank which will help raise funds for products seeking to mitigate climate change2 It is the first equity Index linked with the Green BondSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CEquity Index :BNP PAIBAS on 18 sep 2014launched this indexIt was launched in collaboration with the world bank which will help raise funds for products seeking to mitigate climate changeIt is the first equity Index linked with the Green Bond MOCK Q476 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Maharaja Bonds to develop the infrastructure for the domestic capital markets has been issued by which of the following organization A World BankB Asian Development BankC World Bank GroupD Asian Infrastructure Investment BankAns AMaharaja Bonds to develop the infrastructure for the domestic capital markets has been issued by World Bank MOCK Q475 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Minsk agreement consider the following statements :1 This agreement was based on 11 point peace plan that included the release of hostages 2 The agreement was brokered by the WTO World Trade OrganisationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThis agreement was based on 12 point peace plan that included the release of hostages The agreement was brokered by the Organisation for security amp cooperation in Europe OSCEUkraine amp pro-Russian rebels agreed on ceasefire agreement called Minsk agreement MOCK Q474 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ A report titled scientific assessment of Ozone depletion revealed that the ozone layer is well on track to recovery in the next few decades The report has been prepared by which of the following organizations A UNEP amp WMOB Green Climate FundC UNDP amp UNEPD Global environment FacilityAns AA report titled scientific assessment of Ozone depletion revealed that the ozone layer is well on track to recovery in the next few decades The report has been prepared by UNEP United Nation Environment Programme amp WMO World Meteorological Organisation MOCK Q473 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which of the following given Inclusive Development Index ranking to the countries of the world A World Economic ForumB World Health OrganisationC UN Human Rights CouncilD UNDPAns AThe Inclusive Development Index IDI is an annual economic index introduced by the World Economic Forum System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Economic Progress in 2017 The IDI ranks countries’ economic performance in three pillars: growth and development inclusion and intergenerational equity and sustainability The IDI is a project of the World Economic Forum’s System Initiative on the Future of Economic Progress which aims to inform and enable sustained and inclusive economic progress through deepened public-private cooperation through thought leadership and analysis strategic dialogue and concrete cooperation including by accelerating social impact through corporate action MOCK Q472 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ In order to join Euro currency a country must fulfill which of the following conditions 1 Government debt no higher than 70pc of GDP2 Budget deficit below 3pc of GDP3 Low Inflation amp Interest rates Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 3D 123Ans BGovernment debt no higher than 60pc of GDPBudget deficit below 3pc of GDPLow Inflation amp Interest rates MOCK Q471 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following has released a report titled “ Environmental Crime Crisis A Bombay Natural History Society B World Wildlife FundC Birdlife InternationalD UNEP United nation Environment ProgrammeAns D MOCK Q470 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following has published a report titled “Mysterious Mekong” mentioning the discoveriesof new exotic species in Greater Mekong Region A Bombay Natural History Society B World Wildlife FundC Birdlife InternationalD UNEP United nation Environment ProgrammeAns BWorld Wildlife Fund has published a report titled “Mysterious Mekong” mentioning the discoveriesof new exotic species in Greater Mekong Region MOCK Q469 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to ATOMEXPO an International Forum for nuclear power industry consider the following statements :1 It is an initiative of Russia’s state Nuclear Energy Corporation 2 First ATOMEXPO was held in 2009 to define the place amp role of nuclear generation in 21st century Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrect Ans CAtomexpo is a major communication company providing the whole spectrum of services in field of congress-exhibition management event-industry and business presentations worldwideAtomexpo LLC is in the market of communication services since 2009 The company is arranging the business events conducted by State Corporation Rosatom and the companies of the nuclear sector of the Russian industry as well as by the bodies of the RF executive authorities and international companies The company portfolio contains over 500 successfully led projects both in Russia and abroad MOCK Q468 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the GSAT 7 consider the following statements :1 Payload of the GSAT 7 is designed to provide communication capabilities to users in distant coastal regions2 Its solar arrays generate 2100 W of electric powerSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DGSAT 7:-Payload of the GSAT 7 is designed to provide communication capabilities to users in distant oceanic regions- Its solar arrays generate 2900 W of electric power MOCK Q467 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following factors is/are considered for cataloging the specimens in the bio Banks 1 Blood type2 Cornea of the eyes3 Hair cells of the human beingsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 1Ans DA biobank is a type of biorepository that stores biological samples usually human for use in research Since the late 1990s biobanks have become an important resource in medical research supporting many types of contemporary research like genomics and personalized medicineBiobanks give researchers access to data representing a large number of people Samples in biobanks and the data derived from those samples can often be used by multiple researchers for cross purpose research studies For example many diseases are associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and performing genome-wide association studies using large collections of samples which represent tens or hundreds of thousands of individuals can help to identify disease biomarkers Many researchers struggled to acquire sufficient samples prior to the advent of biobanksBiobanks have provoked questions on privacy research ethics and medical ethics While viewpoints on what constitutes appropriate biobank ethics diverge consensus has been reached that operating biobanks without establishing carefully considered governing principles and policies could be detrimental to communities that participate in biobank programsVirtual biobanks integrate epidemiological cohorts into a common poolVirtual biobanks allow for sample collection to meet national regulationsTissue banks harvest and store human tissues for transplantation and research As biobanks become more established it is expected that tissue banks will merge with biobanksPopulation banks store biomaterial as well as associated characteristics such as lifestyle clinical and environmental data MOCK Q466 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQWhich among the following is/are the applications of the Deep UV Laser device 1 Deep UV light can be used to sterilize bacteria amp Viruses decontaminate drinking water amp in fluorescence sensors to detect chemicals 2 Significant improvement in the ability to inspect microchips with solid state metrology3 Improved detection of airborne chemical amp biological agents Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DAll of the above are the applications of the Deep UV Laser device MOCK Q465 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term Peace Arc sometimes seen in news A It is an international treaty to change the functioning of the European Union which must be ratified by atleast 3/4th member states of the European Union B It is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase the maritime cooperation amongst navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean regionC It is the Chinese navy hospital ship to provide free medical services to people of BangladeshD It is a multilateral energy security cooperation treaty amongst the members of the East Asia SummitAns CThe ship was launched in 2007 with the stated intention of giving China a platform to provide a better means to providing quicker humanitarian response to disasters around the world but others contend it also allows China to extend the navy’s blue water capabilitiesOn 1 September 2010 the hospital ship embarked on a three-month Harmonious Mission 2010 to the Gulf of Aden with a total of 428 officers including 100 medical workers En route she visited and provided medical treatment to the local people of Djibouti Tanzania Kenya the Seychelles and BangladeshDuring Harmonious Mission 2011 Peace Ark visited Cuba Costa Rica Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago the first Chinese voyage to the Caribbean MOCK Q464 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term SEEDS PROJECT sometimes seen in news A It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment amp Forests to conserve nature through action based research education amp public awarenessB It is a Tree Campaign launched by UNEP of planting 1 billion trees in 2007C It is a non-profit research research organization that focuses on management of water amp land resources enhancing food security amp reducing povertyD It is a project which directly captures the images of extra solar planets amp protoplanetary disks around thousands of nearby stars Ans DThe SEEDS Project• This discovery is the part of Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru SEEDS project It is a project which directly captures the images of extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks around thousands of nearby stars by making use of Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea Hawaii• SEEDS is a 5-year project which started off in the year 2009• SEEDS is led by Motohide Tamura at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ• Imaging done under this project provides an insight into the orbit atmosphere temperature and luminosity of the planet However the planets are very faint and extremely close to their host stars which is why it is extremely difficult to capture them• The SEEDS project captures the images at near-infrared wavelengths by making use of the novel adaptive optics system of telescope and two instruments: the High Contrast Instrument for the Subaru Next Generation Adaptive Optics and the InfraRed Camera and Spectrograph The combination of these enables the team to capture the direct images towards fainter planets MOCK Q463 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ H7N9 virus is sometimes mentioned in news with reference to which of the following disease A Bird fluB DengueC Swine FluD AIDSAns AH7N9 virus is referred with Bird flu MOCK Q462 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following areas have been focused under the Greenpeace campaigns 1 Oceans2 Forests3 Nuclear reactors4 Genetically modified foods5 VegetarianismSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1245B Only 12 amp 4C 1234D All are correctAns CVegetarianism has not been focused under the Greenpeace campaignsThe following areas have been focused under the Greenpeace campaigns 1 Oceans2 Forests3 Nuclear reactors4 Genetically modified foods MOCK Q461 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements :1 Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rights2 Amnesty International operates in India with headquarters in Bangalore Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CAmnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rightsAmnesty International operates in India with headquarters in Bangalore MOCK Q460 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements about International Committee of Red Cross :1 ICRC was established in 19th century in GenevaSwitzerland2 International Committee of the red cross was awarded the nobel prize in 1917 1944 1963 – on the third occasion jointly with the League of Red Cross societies3 Red cross society was found to protect the human life amp health from the war hostilitiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans DAll are correct Just memorize it MOCK Q459 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements:1 Human Development Index for any nation is calculated as geometric mean of life expectancy Index Education Index amp Income Index2 Life expectancy index in HDI is calculated using a minimum value of 20 years amp a minimum value of 85 yearsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CHuman Development Index for any nation is calculated as geometric mean of life expectancy Index Education Index amp Income IndexLife expectancy index in HDI is calculated using a minimum value of 20 years amp a minimum value of 85 years MOCK Q458 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following releases World Press Freedom Index A Institute for Economics and PeaceB Oxfam InternationalC Reporters Without BordersD World Economic ForumAns CThe 2019 World Press Freedom Index compiled by Reporters Without Borders RSF shows how hatred of journalists has degenerated into violence contributing to an increase in fear The number of countries regarded as safe where journalists can work in complete security continues to decline while authoritarian regimes continue to tighten their grip on the media MOCK Q457QWhich one of the following plants is popularly grown along the road for absorbing vehicular pollutantsA NeriumB NeemC BourgainvilleaD CallotropisAns CThe vine species grow anywhere from 1 to 12 m 3 to 40 ft tall scrambling over other plants with their spiky thorns They are evergreen where rainfall occurs all year or deciduous if there is a dry season Bougainvillea are popular ornamental plants in most areas with warm climates such as Florida and South Carolina and across The Mediterranean Basin MOCK Q456Q Which of the following statements correctly denotes Bio-fortification A Enrichment of the nutrient quality of the soil using biological agentsB Breeding crops to increase their nutritional valuesC Inrcrease of organo-metallic compounds in the organism through energy flow in an ecosystemD Adoption of genetic variable plants for breeding of high yielding plants Ans BBiofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value This can be done either through conventional selective breeding or through genetic engineering Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processedThis is an important improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods2 As such biofortification is seen as an upcoming strategy for dealing with deficiencies of micronutrients in low and middle-income countries In the case of iron WHO estimated that biofortification could help curing the 2 billion people suffering from iron deficiency-induced anemia MOCK Q455 Q4 What is a major use of Allethrin A In household insecticidesB In glass manufactureC In steel manufactureD In paints amp varnishesAnsA MOCK Q454 Q Custom duty on non-edible oils has been reduced to encourage soaps amp oleochemicals What are Oleochemicals 1 These are the chemicals derived from the Plant products2 They are analogous to petrochemicals derived from petroleumWhich among the above are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThese are the chemicals derived from the Plant products amp animal fats MOCK Q453 Q Who among the following are not the members of the Arab League 1 Chad 2 Israel3 South Sudan4 Libya5 OmanWhich among the above is/are correct A 345B Only 1 amp 2C 125D All are the members Ans BThe Arab League was founded in Cairo in 1945 by Egypt Iraq Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria Transjordan Jordan from 1946 and Yemen North Yemen later combined Yemen There was a continual increase in membership during the second half of the 20th century with additional 15 Arab states and 4 observers being admitted MOCK Q452 Q4 Which of the following is superimposed international boundary A USA –Mexico boundaryB India-Pakistan boundary along Jammu amp KashmirC 38th North parallel boundary between North amp south KoreaD Chile-Argentina boundary along AndesAns BA superimposed boundary is a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power This boundary ignores the cultural organizations on this landscape MOCK Q451 Q Land reclamation is the subject dealt by :A Ministry of rural developmentB Ministry of agricultureC Ministry of panchayati rajD Ministry of earth sciencesAns BLand reclamation usually known as reclamation and also known as land fill not to be confused with a landfill is the process of creating new land from oceans seas riverbeds or lake beds The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill MOCK Q450 QWho among the following founded Theosophical society A Madam Blavatsky amp Annie BesantB AO Hume amp Annie BesantC HS Alcott amp Annie BesantD Madam Blavatsky amp HS AlcottAns AThe Theosophical Society was an organization formed in the United States in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky to advance Theosophy The original organization after splits and realignments currently has several successors Following the death of Blavatsky competition within the Society between factions emerged particularly among founding members and the organisation split between the Theosophical Society Adyar Olcott-Besant and the Theosophical Society Pasadena Judge The former group headquartered in Indiais the most widespread international group holding the name Theosophical Society today MOCK Q449 Q The ‘Kurram’ of Chola period were : A Musicians B Union of villages C Royal officers D Temple artisansAns BChola political system was the only one which still maintained contact with the cultivator on a wild scale and retained characteristics of a centrally organized administration The political status Rajaraja I was certainly different from that of Amoghavarsha the Rashtrakuta ruler or Vishnuvardhana the Hoysala ruler The titles used by the Chola kings were Chakrvartigal or Chakravarti The royal household was run on an elaborate scale and royal patronage was lavish The political role of Purohita priest as known to northern Indian politics underwent a modification in the Chola system The Rajguru priest of the royal family of the Cholas became a confidant and confessor in addition to being the advisor in all matters temporal and sacred For further advice there was an assembly of officer whom the king would consultChola kingdom was divided into provinces mandalam their being generally eight or nine of these Each mandalam was divided into valanadus or districts These in turn were subdivided into groups of villages variously called kurram nadu or kottam Occasionally a very large village would be administered as a single unit and this was called Taniyur The administrative unit was the village and to that extent there was a little significant difference between Chola administration and that of the Guptas However the nature of the village administration was certainly of a very different order The degree of autonomy at village level was something quiet remarkable for the times Chola officials participated in village affairs more as advisors and observers than as administratorsThe basic assumption in the type of village autonomy emerging at this period was that each village should be administered by the villagers themselves For the purpose a village assembly was formed and authority was vested in this assemblyThe general assemblies included most of the local residents and were of three categories: the ur consisted of the tax paying residents of an ordinary village the sabha was restricted to the Brahmans of the village or else was found exclusively in villages gifted to Brahmans and finally the nagaram was found more commonly in trade centers In some villages the ur and the sabha were found together Very large villages had two urs if this was more convenient for their functioning The working of these assemblies differed according to local conditions The ur was open to all male adults of the village but in affect the older members took a more prominent part some of them forming a small executive body for routine matters The sabha had the same system and in addition had the power to constitute smaller committees of any size from among its membersMOCK Q448- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following passage :“The length of the saree in this folk dance is about 3 inches above the heelMusic in this dance is played using Tirio A bamboo flute with seven holesWomen dancers usually wear white or yellow sarees with red borders amp adorn their hair with wild flowersWhich among the following folk dance has been discussed in the above passage A Santhal danceB Karma danceC Bidesiya danceD Jhijhiya danceAns ASanthal dance – Jharkhand Karma dance – JharkhandBidesiya dance – BiharJhijhiya dance-BiharMOCK Q447- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q With reference to the Kolkali dance consider the following statements :1 It is basically a tribal dance form undertaken annually on the Karma festival although it is performed on different social occasions as well2Only male dancers can participate in this dance3 It is a highly rhythmic dance with the dancers wielding short sticksSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans CKarma dance: It is basically a tribal dance form undertaken annually on the Karma festival although it is performed on different social occasions as wellMOCK Q446- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following pairs :Community Place1Ahir Haryana2Manganiyars South India3Kambala Nayaka Tamil NaduSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans CCommunity of people Manganiyars is well known for their musical tradition in North East IndiaAhir community of Gurgaon Haryana is known for th Dhamal danceMOCK Q445- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following statements :1 Lavani Gatka amp Thang-Ta folk dances are associated with the display of military skills by traditional community2 Chhau folk dance blends both dance amp martial arts employing mock combat techniques Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BGatka Thang-Ta amp Choliya folk dances are associated the display of military skills by traditional community but not Lavani danceChhau folk dance of West Bengal blends both dance amp martial arts employing mock combat techniques This dance is performed during night in an open space called Akhara or AsarMOCK Q444- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following statements :1 Caves at Nagarjuni hills was dedicated by Ashoka amp his grandson Dashratha Maurya to the Ajivika Monks2Bharhut stupa constructed under Mauryas shows influence of Greeks on Indian artSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ABharhut stupa constructed under Shungas shows influence of Greeks on Indian artCaves at Nagarjuni hills was dedicated by Ashoka amp his grandson Dashratha Maurya to the Ajivika MonksMOCK Q443- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following statements :1Singhi Chham folk dance pays homage to the Kanchenjunga peaks which when bathed in sunlight look like a snow lion2 Wancho dance belongs to the state of Arunachal PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CSinghi Chham folk dance pays homage to the Kanchenjunga peaks which when bathed in sunlight look like a snow lionWancho dance belongs to the state of Arunachal PradeshMOCK Q442- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q With reference to the Kangra Paintings consider the following statements :1Paintings were made on the walls of palaces inner chambers of forts amp havellis2 Theme of painting is mainly elements of nature3 Surface of the painting is often divided into the several compartments of different colors in order to separate one scene from another Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans DRajasthani Paintings : -Paintings were made on the walls of palaces inner chambers of forts amp havellis- Surface of the painting is often divided into the several compartments of different colors in order to separate one scene from another Kangra Paintings :Kangra painting is the pictorial art of Kangra named after Kangra Himachal Pradesh a former princely state which patronized the art It became prevalent with the fading of Basohli school of painting in mid-18th centuryand soon produced such a magnitude in paintings both in content as well as volume that the Pahari painting school came to be known as Kangra paintingsThe distinguishing features of the Kangra painting were: Soft colours including cool blues and greens Lyrical treatment of themesTheme of painting is mainly elements of natureMOCK Q441- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Madhubani Paintings 1 These are the short lived water color paintings produced in the 19th century by the artists of the Bihar2 No space is left empty in these paintings as the gaps are filled with the paintings of flower animals birds amp even geometric designs3 Three dimensional images are used in these types of paintingsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans AMadhubani PaintingMadhubani painting is one of the many famous Indian art forms As it is practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal it is called Mithila or Madhubani art Often characterized by complex geometrical patterns these paintings are known for representing ritual content for particular occasions including festivals religious rituals etc The colors used in Madhubani paintings are usually derived from plants and other natural sources These colors are often bright and pigments like lampblack and ochre are used to create black and brown respectively Instead of contemporary brushes objects like twigs matchsticks and even fingers are used to create the paintings Kalighat Paintings : These are the short lived water color paintings produced in the 19th century by the artists in CalcuttaMOCK Q440- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Basholi style of painting 1 This style of painting was inspired by the naturalistic style of the mughal painting2Human figures were shown with tight lips eyes half open small chin amp thin wristSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DGuler style : This style of painting was inspired by the naturalistic style of the mughal paintingBikaner School : Human figures were shown with tight lips eyes half open small chin amp thin wristBasholi style of painting : Basohli Paintings is a fusion of Hindu mythology Mughal miniature techniques and folk art of the local hills evolved in the 17th and 18th centuries as a distinctive style of painting This style of painting derives its name from the place of its origin – hill town of Basohli about 80 Km from the centre of district Kathua in the state of Jammu amp KashmirThe most popular themes of Basohli Paintings come from Shringara literature like Rasamanjari or Bouquet of Delight a long love poem written in 15th century by Bhanudatta of Tirhut Bihar Gita Govinda and Ragamala These paintings are marked by striking blazing colors red borders bold lines and rich symbols The faces of the figures painted are characterized by the receding foreheads and large expressive eyes shaped like lotus petals The painting themselves are mostly painted in the primary colors of Red Blue and YellowThis style of painting was first introduced to the world in the annual report 1918-19 of the Archaeological Survey of India published in 1921 At that time this style was yet to be properly categorized and studied Ananda K Coomaraswamy was the first to publish them in Rajput Paintings in 1916MOCK Q439- FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM-MODERN INDIA Q What was the reason for the congress to accept dominion status A It would offer a chance to keep India in the commonwealth B It would allow for some much needed continuity in the bureaucracy amp the army C It would provide the economic strength defence potential amp greater value of trade amp Investment in IndiaD All of the aboveAns BThe Congress was willing to accept Dominion Status for a while despite its being against the spirit of Lahore Congress 1929 declaration of “Purna Swaraj” because:-• Congress wanted a quick transfer of power in a peaceful manner• It was important for congress to assume authority and power to check the explosive situation due to communal tension• Dominion Status gave breathing time to the new administration as British officers and civil service officials could stay on till Indians get settled in their new positionsFor Britain Dominion Status offered a chance of keeping India in the Commonwealth even if temporarily Though Jinnah offered to bring Pakistan into the Commonwealth a greater store was laid by India’s membership of the Commonwealth as India’s economic strength and defence potential were deemed sounder and Britain had a greater value of trade and Investment thereMOCK Q438- FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM-MODERN INDIA Q Which among the following is/are correct with reference to the Plan Balkan 1 It was completed and presented on 15-16 April 1947 by Mountbatten to assembly of provincial governors in Delhi2 This plan was welcomed by the Nehru amp other leaders Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D Plan Balkan was completed and presented on 15-16 April 1947 by Hastings Ismay to assembly of provincial governors in Delhi Due to this this plan was also called “Ismay Plan”• Balkan plan was an alternative plan to Cabinet mission Between March and May of 1947 Mountbatten decided that the Cabinet Mission Plan had become untenable and formulated an alternative plan This plan envisaged the transfer of power to separate provinces or to a confederation if formed before the transfer with Punjab and Bengal given the option to vote for partition of their provinces• The various units thus formed along with the princely states rendered independent by lapse of paramountcy would have the option of joining India or Pakistan or remaining separate The plan was quickly abandoned after Nehru reacted violently to itMOCK Q437- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU-CURRENT AFFAIRS Q With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Karam Yogi Maandhan Scheme consider the following statements :1 Under this scheme shopkeepers amp retail traders will receive a guaranteed monthly pension of Rs 3000 after they reach the age of 60 years2 To get benefit of this scheme It is mandatory to get register between the age of 45 years to 59 years3 Pension benefits to retail traders amp small shopkeepers with annual turnover less than Rs 15 crores Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans APradhan Mantri Karam Yogi Maandhan Scheme :Pension benefits to retail traders amp small shopkeepers with annual turnover less than Rs 15 crores Under this scheme shopkeepers amp retail traders will receive a guaranteed monthly pension of Rs 3000 after they reach the age of 60 yearsMOCK Q436- FRAMED FROM Krishna Reddy-Indian History Q With reference to the Tutinama “Tales of Parrot” consider the following statements :1 It is an illustrated version containing 200 miniature paintings that was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the later part of the 16th century2 It is the 14th century Persian series of 52 stories Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BTutinama “Tales of Parrot”is an illustrated version containing 250 miniature paintings that was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the later part of the 16th centuryIt is the 14th century Persian series of 52 stories -Adventure stories naraated by the parrot were : Ninght after Night For 52 successive nights are moralistic stories to persuade his owner Khojasta not to commit any adulterous act with any lover in the absence of her husbandMOCK Q435- FRAMED FROM Krishna Reddy-Indian History Q Who among the following Mughal Emperor put emphasis upon aristocracy amp secularism through the Mughal school of paintingA JahangirB AkbarC AurangzebD ShahjahanAns BMughal school of paintings originated in AD during the reign of AkbarThese paintings are based on the close observation of nature amp fine amp delicate drawing These paintings are themed upon aristocracy amp secularismMOCK Q434- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Consider the following statements :1 Under the Vote of Credit Lok Sabha authorizes the council of ministers to continue to incur expenditure out of the consolidated fund of India till next appropriation bill is adopted2In Budget 2017 Lok Sabha adopted Vote of CreditSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DVote of Credit – It is granted for meeting an unexpected demand upon the resources of India when on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in a budget Hence it is like a blank cheque given to the Executive by the Lok SabhaSo far it has not been adopted in IndiaUnder the Vote of Account Lok Sabha authorizes the council of ministers to continue to incur expenditure out of the consolidated fund of India till next appropriation bill is adoptedMOCK Q433- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Which among the following motions can be moved in Lok Sabha only 1 Call Attention Motion 2 Adjournment Motion3 Cut Motions4 Censure MotionSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2 amp 4B 134C 234D 1234Ans CAdjournment Motion Cut Motions Censure Motion- can be moved in Lok Sabha onlyCall attention motion in the Rajya Sabha is called Motion For Papersi Adjournment Motion:At the end of the question-hour in the Parliament motion moved by a member when it is desired to draw the attention of the Executive for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importanceii Privilege Motion:A motion moved by a member if he feels that a Minister has committed a breach of privilege of the House or of any one or more of its members by withholding the facts of a case or by giving a distorted version of facts etciii Censure Motion:A motion which seeks to censure the government for its “lapse” If the motion is passed in the Popular House the Cabinet resignsiv ‘No-Confidence’ Motion:A motion moved by a member to express lack of confidence in the government for any reason The motion if allowed be debated upon At the conclusion of such debate a vote of confidence is sought by the government and if it fails to get the required majority of votes it has to resignv Calling Attention Motion:A member may with prior permission of the Speaker call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance and the Minister may make a brief Statement regarding the matter or ask for time to make a Statementvi Cut Motion:A motion that seeks reduction in the amount of a demand presented by the government is known as a cut motion Such motions are admitted at the Speaker’s discretion It is a device through which members candraw the attention of the government to a specific grievance or problem There are three types of Cut Motion:a Disapproval of Policy Cut:It means to express disapproval of the policy underlyingb Economy Cut:Asks for a reduction of the amount of the demand by a specific amountc Token Cut:Is a device to ventilate specific grievances within the sphere of the government’s responsibility The grievances have to be specified Usually the motion envisages a small reduc¬tion in the demandMOCK Q432- FRAMED FROM SHANKAR IAS Q Which among the following statements is/are correct with reference to the Climate Investment Funds 1 The operation of the Financial Mechanism is partly entrusted to the Global Environment Facility GEF2 These funds were approved by MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in 2008 to address climate changeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThe Climate Investment Funds CIFs were designed by developed and developing countries and are implemented with the multilateral development banks MDBs to bridge the financing and learning gap between now and the next international climate change agreement CIFs are two distinct funds: the Clean Technology Fund and the Strategic Climate FundThe CIFs are additional to existing Official Development Assistance ODA and aim to enable countries to continue on their development path and achieve the Millennium Development Goals These funds will be operated in close coordination with existing bilateral and multilateral effortsThe funds were approved by the World Bank Board of Directors in July 2008 and on September 26 2008 received pledges of US65 billionThe Climate Investment Funds include the:• Clean Technology Fund• Strategic Climate Fund• Forest Investment Program• Pilot Program for Climate Resilience• Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program and• Private SectorMOCK Q431- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Which among the following statements is/are correct with reference to the Charged Expenditure 1It is that part of the appropriation bill which does not require approval of the Parliament2 If the appropriation bill is defeated in the Lok Sabha it has no impact on the charged expenditureSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CCharged Expenditure :It is that part of the appropriation bill which does not require approval of the ParliamentIf the appropriation bill is defeated in the Lok Sabha it has no impact on the charged expenditureMOCK Q430- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q With reference to the Parliamentary form of Government consider the following statements :1Members of executive amp legislature may be different hence coordination between them may be weak2Executive has a definite majority in Lok Sabha thus a check of legislature over executive is weakSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BPresidential Government : Members of executive amp legislature are different hence coordination between them may be weakParliamentary form of Government : Members of executive are appointed from the legislature the ability of executive to influence legislature is highExecutive has a definite majority in Lok Sabha thus a check of legislature over executive is weakMOCK Q429- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q With reference to the Deputy Prime Minister consider the following statements :1 It is the second highest rank in the council of Ministers who are given full powers in the absence of Prime Minister2 It is not a constitutional position3 Deputy Prime Minister also enjoys the rank of a Cabinet MinsterSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 3C Only 3D 2 amp 3Ans DIst statement is a fabricated statementMinisters of State : They are the second highest ranking ministers who are not given independent charge of ministry or department Deputy Prime Minister is not a constitutional positionSupreme Court has held that Deputy Prime Minister also enjoys the rank of a Cabinet MinsterMOCK Q428- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Who among the following is considered as the custodian of the Constitution of India A Chief Justice of IndiaB Supreme Court of IndiaC President of IndiaD Attorney General of IndiaAns CPresident of India is considered as the custodian of the Constitution of India Supreme Court is considered as the Guardian of the Constitution of India MOCK Q427- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Consider the following statements :1 Discretionary powers of the President of India are exercised without the aid amp advice of council of ministers242nd amendment act restored the discretion of President to refer the advice back to the council of Ministers Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A44th amendment act restored the discretion of President to refer the advice back to the council of Ministers Discretionary powers of the President of India are exercised without the aid amp advice of council of ministersMOCK Q426- FRAMED FROM RAMESH SINGH-INDIAN ECONOMY Q With reference to the Trade Facilitation Agreement TFA consider the following statements :1 TFA was the first multilateral trade deal in 21 years signed in Bali in 2013 for easing cross border custom rules for faster movement of goods2TFA requires developed countries should reduce the domestic support given to agriculture in the form of Green box subsidies3 It contains provisions for technical amp financial assistance in trade facilitation Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 1 amp 3Ans CTrade Facilitation Agreement TFA : TFA was the first multilateral trade deal in 21 years signed in Bali in 2013 for easing cross border custom rules for faster movement of goodsTFA contains provisions for technical assistance amp capacity building in trade facilitationProvision of Fourth Ministerial Meeting in Doha Qatar 2001 : TFA requires developed countries should reduce the domestic support given to agriculture in the form of Green box subsidiesMOCK Q425- FRAMED FROM RAMESH SINGH-INDIAN ECONOMY Q Which one of the following does not comes under the category of Back Office Outsourcing A Call centre servicesB Banking C Media amp Entertainment D Travel amp HospitalityAns ACall centre services : Front Office OutsourcingBack Office Business Process Outsourcing BPO ServicesAn organization’s back office management can significantly impact its success Large volumes of data accrue on a daily basis from various transactional processes such as order fulfilment applications processing transaction processing billing and collections that require effective back office solutions Invensis is a reputed leader in empowering numerous global businesses and organizations through high quality back office BPO services that promote enhanced business efficiency and improved bottom-lineback office outsourcing services extend across industries such as:• Finance• Banking• Insurance• Healthcare• Manufacturing amp Chemical• Travel amp Hospitality• Media amp Entertainment• Utilities• Logistics and Customs Brokerage• Automotive• Education• Mortgage• GovernmentMOCK Q424- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q Which of the following best describes the Blue Carbon Initiative A It is an international initiative to prevent climate change through conservation restoration of marine ecosystems by focusing on Mangroves Salt marshes amp SeagrassesB It refers to the technique of capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere amp keeping it stored over a long period timeC It is an initiative to understand quantify amp manage greenhouse gas emissions so that rise in temperature by the end of century does not exceed 20 c or even 150c above pre-industrial levelsD It is an international initiative by providing technical amp financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies amp budgetsAns AIt is an international initiative to prevent climate change through conservation restoration of marine ecosystems by focusing on Mangroves Salt marshes amp SeagrassesThe Initiative is coordinated by Conservation International CI the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization IOC-UNESCO The Initiative works through two working groups: the International Blue Carbon Scientific Working Group and the International Blue Carbon Policy Working GroupMOCK Q423- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q Consider the following :Protected Area Network Fauna1 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve : Saltwater crocodile2 Seshachalam hills : Sloth bear3 Cold Desert : Snow LeopardWhich of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ASeshachalam hills : Slender LorisPanna : Tiger Chittal Chinkara Sambhar amp Sloth BearMOCK Q422- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q With reference to the Hope Spots consider the following statements :1 Andaman amp Nicobar Islands amp Lakshadweep Islands have very recently been named as the new Hope Spots2 These are declared under the Wildlife protection Act 1972Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-Andaman amp Nicobar Islands amp Lakshadweep Islands have recently Not very recently been named as the new Hope Spots-List of Hope spots is prepared by the IUCN amp Mission Blue-Hope Spots are areas of an ocean that need special protection because of their wildlife amp significant underwater habitatsMOCK Q421- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q In which of the following region in India are you most likely to come across the ‘Golden Langur’ in its natural habitat A Grasslands of Western GhatsB Malabar region of KeralaC Western AssamD Sand deserts of north-west IndiaAns CGolden langur is an Old World monkey found in a small region of western Assam India and in the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan It is one of the most endangered primate speciesof India The regions of its distribution are very small the main region is limited to an area approximately 60 miles square bounded on the south by the Brahmaputra River on the east by the Manas River on the west by the Sankosh River all in Assam India and on the north by the Black Mountains of BhutanMOCK Q420- FRAMED FROM Indian Express Q On account of which of the following reasons Chabahar port is relevant for India 1 Chabahar port will increase dependence of Afghanistan which is a landlocked country on Pakistan2 In October 2017 India began shipment of Rice Wheat amp Pulses to Afghanistan through the Iranian portof Chabahar3 Indian presence at Chabahar port will help in countering Chinese presence at Gwadar port of PakistanSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans A-Chabahar port will reduce dependence of Afghanistan which is a landlocked country on Pakistan- In October 2017 India began shipment of Wheat to Afghanistan through the Iranian port of Chabahar- Indian presence at Chabahar port will help in countering Chinese presence at Gwadar port of PakistanMOCK Q419- FRAMED FROM Indian Express Q With reference to the Official Development Assistance consider the following statements :1 ODA was coined by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation amp Development OECD for the first time in 19592Japan is the only developed nation that signed a free trade agreement FTA with IndiaSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BODA was coined by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation amp Development OECD for the first time is 1969India is the largest recipient of Japanese Official Development Assistance ODA MOCK Q418- FRAMED FROM Google Books Q With reference to the Dongria Kondh consider the following statements :1 These are the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal groups worshiping Niyam Raja of sacred Niyamgiri mountain 2 Racially these belong to the Mongoloid group amp linguistically they belong to the Tibeto-Burman groupSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AKarbi tribe : Racially these belong to the Mongoloid group amp linguistically they belong to the Tibeto-Burman groupDongria Kondh : Of Odisha These are the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal groups who worship Niyam Raja of sacred Niyamgiri mountain They also won legal battle against Vedanta group over Bauxite mining in the region MOCK Q417- FRAMED FROM Google Books Q Every year a community celebrates a festival Hari Jyoti for planting fruit bearing trees at the beginning of the rains amp the new sowing season Which of the following is such community/ tribe A GondsB Dongria KondhC BondaD KarbiAns AGonds : Of Madhya PradeshKorku tribe : Of Madhya PradeshKarbi tribe : Of AssamLimbo tribe : Of SikkimBonda : Of OdishaDongria Kondh : Of OdishaKorku tribe : Of Madhya PradeshMOCK Q416- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q To fulfill the Government of India’s mission amp to promote the spirit of entrepreneurship in the country Academia Alliance Programme has been formed With whose initiative Academia Alliance Programme has been formed A Niti AyogB Confederation of Indian IndustriesC Startup IndiaD Ministry of New amp Renewable EnergyAns CTo fulfill the Governmentof India’s mission to promote the spirit of entrepreneurship in the country Startup India launched the Startup Academia Alliance programme a unique mentorship opportunity between academic scholars and startups working in similar domains The Startup Academia Alliance aims to reduce the gap between scientific research and its industrial applications in order to increase the efficacy of these technologies and to widen their impact By creating a bridge between academia and industry the Alliance strives to create lasting connections between the stakeholders of the startup ecosystem and implement the third pillar on which the Startup India Action Plan is based – Industry Academia Partnerships and Incubation The first phase of Startup Academia Alliance was kickstarted through partnering with Regional Centre for Biotechnology The Energy and Resources Institute TERI Council on Energy Environment and Water and TERI School of Advanced Studies Renowned scholars from these institutes in fields such as renewableenergy biotechnology healthcare and life sciences were taken on board to provide mentorship and guidance to startups working in relevant arenasMOCK Q415- FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM HISTORY Q Consider the following statements :1 In 1916 session Congress accepted theMuslim League demand of separate electorates 2 Communal award accepted all the muslim communal demands contained in the 14 pointsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CIn 1916 session Congress accepted the Muslim League demand of separate electorates amp the Congress amp The League presented joint demands to the governmentCommunal award accepted all the muslim communal demands contained in the 14 pointsMOCK Q414- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the South Asia Sub Regional Economic Cooperation SASEC consider the following statements :1 SASEC program set up in 2001 to promote regional prosperity by improving cross border connectivity 2 World Trade Organisation serves as the secretariat for the SAESC member CountriesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ASASEC program set up in 2001 to promote regional prosperity by improving cross border connectivityIt brings together Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Myanmar Nepal Srilanka Manila Phillipines based Asian development Bank ADB serves as the secretariat for the SAESC member CountriesMOCK Q413- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the Permanent Court of Arbitration PCA consider the following statements :1 PCA was established by treaty at the first Hague Peace Conference at Netherlands2 The order is not binding on the countries as it can be appealed in the UN tribunal3 121 member states are the part of the PCA including IndiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans APermanent Court of Arbitration PCA:PCA was established by treaty at the first Hague Peace Conference at Netherlands in 1899The order is binding on the countries as there is no appeal process in the UN tribunal121 member states 119 members of the United Nations as well as Kosovo amp Palestine are the part of the PCA India is a part to the PCA according to the Hague Convention on 1899 MOCK Q412- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing amp Urban Development APMCHUD consider the following statements :1 Sixth edition of the conference held in New Delhi in 2016 with the theme “ A Vision for sustainable Urbanisation in The Asia Pacific by 2020”2 It was established under the aegis amp support of UN HabitatSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are in correctAns BSixth edition of the conference held in New Delhi in 2016 with the theme “ Emerging Urban Forms –Policy Reforms amp Governance Structures in the Context of New Urban Agenda”2006 THEME : “ A Vision for sustainable Urbanisation in The Asia Pacific by 2020MOCK Q411- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the International Trade Centre consider the following statements :1 ITC is the joint technical corporation agency of the UN conference on trade amp Development UNCTAD amp World Trade Organisation WTO2 They are subordinate to the United Nations amp derive most of their financial resources other than the Union Nation BudgetsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are in correctAns AITC is the joint technical corporation agency of the UN conference on trade amp Development UNCTAD amp World Trade Organisation WTOITC’s regular programme is financed in equal parts by WTO amp UNMOCK Q410- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which among the following crops have been classified under the category of Minor Forest products 1 Tendu Patta2 Bamboo3 Pulpwood 4 SoapnutSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 124B Only 1 amp 3C 134D Only 1 amp 4Ans AThe Major Forest Products comprise Pulpwood Sandalwood Social Forestry that incudes Fuel and Timber The Minor Forest Products include the items such as tamarind curry leaf Tendu Patta gallnut Cane Soapnut tree moss and now Bamboo alsoMOCK Q409- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the news what is “INSTEX” A It is a 2000 ft long device to start clean up in the North Pacific OceanB It is a transaction channel that will allow companies to continue trading with Iran despite US sanctionsC It is a natural gas pipeline being developed with the participation of the Asian Development BankD It is the rule book that sets out how countries will provide information about their Nationally Determined Contributions Ans B• The transaction channel will allow European businesses to trade with Iran despite strict US sanctions• Though the payment channel is a project of Britain France and Germany it will receive the formal endorsement of all 28 EU members• It will support legitimate European trade with Iran focusing initially on the sectors most essential to the Iranian population such as pharmaceutical medical devices and agri-food goods• In the longer term INSTEX aims to be open to third countries wanting to trade with Iran• However INSTEX is not yet operational as it needs Iran to set up a parallel structure of its own which may take some time to complete• While it is aimed at small and medium-sized companies it is expected to send an important message to Iran about Europe’s commitment to keep the nuclear deal aliveObjective The launch of the special payment channel is a clear and practical demonstration of Europe’s commitment to continuing the nuclear dealIt however does not in any way preclude the European Union from addressing Iran’s hostile and destabilising activitiesEurope has toughened its tone on Iran’s ballistic missile programme human rights record and interference in Middle East conflictsMOCK Q408- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan Yojana consider the following statements :1 Spouse will not be entitled to receive pension in case of death2 Workers covered under the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation will not be entitled to pension3 It is 100 funded by the Union government Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 1 amp 2Ans C• The unorganised sector workers with income of less than Rs 15000 per month and who belong to the entry age group of 18-40 years will be eligible for the scheme • Those workers should not be covered under New Pension Scheme NPS Employees’ State Insurance Corporation ESIC scheme or Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation EPFO• He or she should not be an income tax payerThe workers of unorganised sector can be home based workers street vendors mid-day meal workers head loaders brick kiln workers cobblers rag pickers domestic workers washer men rickshaw pullers landless labourers own account workers agricultural workers construction workers beedi workers handloom workers leather workers audio- visual workers and similar other occupationsBenefits under Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan YojanaMinimum Assured Pension: Each subscriber under the scheme will receive minimum assured pension of Rs 3000 per month after attaining the age of 60 yearsIn case of death during receipt of pension: If the subscriber dies during the receipt of pension his or her spouse will be entitled to receive 50 percent of the pension as family pension This family pension is applicable only to spouseIn case of death before the age of 60 years: If a beneficiary has given regular contribution and dies before attaining the age of 60 years his or her spouse will be entitled to continue the scheme subsequently by payment of regular contribution or may even exit the schemeEqual contribution by the Central Government: Under the PM-SYM the prescribed age-specific contribution by the beneficiary and the matching contribution by the Central Government will be made on a ‘50:50 basis’MOCK Q407- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which of the following best describes SHREYAS scheme A It is the scheme launched by HRD Ministry to promote entrepreneurship by mentoring nurturing and facilitating startupsB It is the scheme implemented by Sector Skill Council for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and SkillsC It is the scheme launched by HRD ministry for translational and advanced research in Science to fund science projectsD It is the scheme implemented by Institution’s Innovation Council for self-actualisation providing opportunities for a life-long learningAns CSHREYAS: Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and SkillsFunctioning of the Scheme:The scheme will be operated in conjunction with National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme NAPS which provides for placing of apprentices or trainees up to 10 percent of the total work force in every industry The scheme will be implemented by the Sector Skill Councils SSCs initially in the Banking Finance Insurance Services BFSI Retail Health care Telecom Logistics Media Management services ITeS and Apparel More sectors would be added over time with emerging apprenticeship demandMOCK Q406- FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q With reference to the Sandbag Climate Campaign consider the following statements :1 It was launched as a campaign on the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme2 It addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilitiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A–Sandbag or Sandbag Climate Campaign is a Community Interest Company campaigning for changes to European climate change policy especially emissions trading The organisation was launched in 2008 by Bryony Worthington and was the first and founding member of The Guardian’s Environment NetworkSandbag was launched as a campaign on the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme allowing its members to campaign to reduce the number of permits in circulation and to purchase permits and cancel themClimate Vulnerable Forum CVF: The forum addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilitiesMOCK Q405- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana consider the following statements :1 It will provide assured income to all Institutional Land holders of Rs 6000 per year2 It is based on providing guaranteed amount of Rs 1000/- or Rs2000 per hectare in case of drought or loss of crop by the animalsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D• The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi will provide assured income to small and marginal farmers• All Small and Marginal Farmers SMF with 2 hectares of cultivable land will be provided income support of Rs 6000 per year• The amount will be transferred directly into their account in 3 equal installments• The complete expenditure of Rs 75000 crore for the scheme will borne by the Union Government in 2019-20• Over 12 crore farmer families will be benefitted under the schemeThe scheme is being implemented with effect from December 2018The following categories of beneficiaries of higher economic status shall not be eligible for benefit under the scheme A All Institutional Land holders B Farmer families in which one or more of its members belong to following categories: 1 Former and present holders of constitutional posts2 Former and present Ministers/ State Ministers and former/present Members of LokSabha/ RajyaSabha/ State Legislative Assemblies/ State Legislative Councilsformer and present Mayors of Municipal Corporations former and present Chairpersons of District Panchayats3 All serving or retired officers and employees of Central/ State Government Ministries /Offices/Departments and its field units Central or State PSEs and Attached offices /Autonomous Institutions under Government as well as regular employees of the Local Bodies Excluding Multi Tasking Staff /Class IV/Group D employees4 All superannuated/retired pensioners whose monthly pension is ₹10000/-or more Excluding Multi Tasking Staff / Class IV/Group D employees of above category5 All Persons who paid Income Tax in last assessment year6 Professionals like Doctors Engineers Lawyers Chartered Accountants and Architects registered with Professional bodies and carrying out profession by undertaking practicesMOCK Q404- FRAMED FROM Spectrum- Modern India Q Swadeshi Sangam was formed to ispire the local masses through magic lantern lectures Swadeshi songsWho was/were the members of the Swadeshi Sangam 1 VO Chidambaram Pillai2 Abanindranath Tagore3 Subramania SivaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans AIn Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu VO Chidambaram Pillai Subramania Siva amp Some lawyers formed the Swadeshi Sangam which inspired the local massesMOCK Q403- FRAMED FROM Spectrum- Modern India Q With reference to the Indian National Movement What was Official Secrets Act A Under this act Natu brothers were deported without trial amp Tilak imprisoned on charges of seditionB Repressive laws under IPC section 124 A were amplified with new provisions under IPC 156 AC It was the administrative measure to curb the freedom of pressD Under this act It ensured greater government control over the universitiesAns COfficial Secrets Act : 1904 It was the administrative measure to curb the freedom of press1897 : Natu brothers were deported without trial amp Tilak imprisoned on charges of sedition1898 : Repressive laws under IPC section 124 A were amplified with new provisions under IPC 156 AIndian Universities Act 1904 : greater government control over the universitiesMOCK Q402- FRAMED FROM The Hindu Q With reference to the Halogen Light Bulbs consider the following statements :1 White coating also known as Phosphor coating on the glass absorbs UV light amp protect from the UV rays2 They have the same tungsten filament as the typical incandescent light bulbs 3 Fluorescent coating is often used in these bulbs to add brightnessSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 123C Only 2D 1 amp 2Ans CFluorescent bulbs : White coating also known as Phosphor coating on the glass absorbs UV light amp protect from the UV raysVapour lamps : Fluorescent coating is often used in these bulbs to add brightnessA halogen lamp also known as a tungsten halogen quartz-halogen or quartz iodine lamp is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed into a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an inert gas and a small amount of a halogensuch as iodine or bromine The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten filament produces a halogen cycle chemical reaction which redeposits evaporated tungsten to the filament increasing its life and maintaining the clarity of the envelope For this to happen a halogen lamp must be operated at a higher envelope temperature 250° C 482° F1 than a standard vacuum incandescent lamp of similar power and operating life this also produces light with higher luminous efficacy and color temperature The small size of halogen lamps permits their use in compact optical systems for projectors and illumination The small glass envelope may be enclosed in a much larger outer glass bulb for a bigger package the outer jacket will be at a much lower and safer temperature and it also protects the hot bulb from harmful contamination and makes the bulb mechanically more similar to a conventional lamp that it might replaceStandard and halogen incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than LED and compact fluorescent lamps and have been banned in many jurisdictions because of thisMOCK Q401- FRAMED FROM The Hindu Q Consider the following statements :1 Origin of Bitcoin is virtually anonymous amp is not monitored by any Central bank or Government2 Anyone with a bitcoin address can send amp receive bitcoins from anyone else with a bitcoin address Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CBitcoin is a cryptocurrency a form of electronic cash It is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto and released as open-source software in 2009 Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining They can be exchanged for other currencies products and services Research produced by the University of Cambridge estimates that in 2017 there were 29 to 58 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet most of them using bitcoin Bitcoin has been criticized for its use in illegal transactions its high electricity consumption price volatility thefts from exchanges and the possibility that bitcoin is an economic bubble Bitcoin has also been used as an investment although several regulatory agencies have issued investor alerts about bitcoinMOCK Q400- FRAMED FROM M LAXMIKANTH Q Consider the following statements :1In India Only the powers of the Federal Government are enumerated in the constitution amp the residuary powers are left to the states 2 Government of India Act 1935 provided for three fold enumeration ie Federal Provincial amp CurrentSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correct D Both are incorrectAns B-In US Only the powers of the Federal Government are enumerated in the constitution amp the residuary powers are left to the states -Power to make laws with respect to the residuary subjects which are not enumerated in any of the three list is vested in the ParliamentMOCK Q399- FRAMED FROM M LAXMIKANTH Q Which among the following statement best describes “Discretionary Grants” A It empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistance B These are the grants in lieu of export duties on Jute amp Jute products to the states of Assam BiharOrissa amp West BengalC Theses are the grants for promoting welfare of the scheduled tribes in a stateD These are the grants that empower both the centre amp states to make any grants for any public purpose even if it is not within their respective legislative competenceAns DStatutory Grants : Article 75 empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistanceOther Grants : These are the grants in lieu of export duties on Jute amp Jute products to the states of Assam Bihar Orissa amp West BengalDiscretionary Grants :These are the grants that empower both the centre amp states to make any grants for any public purpose even if it is not within their respective legislative competenceMOCK Q398- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the news what is Talanoa dialogue A It is a process designed to help countries enhance and implement their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2020B It is a process to help countries by forming the rule book to implement the Paris Climate AgreementC It gives countries a common framework for reporting and reviewing progress towards their climate targetsD It provides a global platform for the conservation of Migratory animals amp their habitatsAns A–The 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference COP23 was an international meeting of political leaders non-state actors and activists to discuss environmental issues It was held at UN Campus in Bonn Germany from 6–17 November 2017Although COP23 focused primarily on technical details of the Paris Agreement COP23 concluded with what was called the ‘Fiji Momentum for Implementation’ which outlined the steps that need to be taken in 2018 to make the Paris Agreement operational and launched the –Talanoa Dialogue – a process designed to help countries enhance and implement their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2020MOCK Q397 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Consider the following statements :1 Mangroves for the Future MFF has participation of Asian amp African nations only2 IUCN amp United Nation Development Programme UNDP developed MFF in 20063 MFF not only conserves Mangrove forests but includes all types of coastal ecosystems like coral reefsestuaries wetlands etcSelect the correct answer using the correct codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DMangroves for the Future MFFLocation: Member countries: Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Pakistan Seychelles Sri Lanka Thailand and Viet Nam Outreach countries: Malaysia Dialogue countries: Kenya and TanzaniaDuration: Established in 2006 MFF is currently in its third phase 2015 – 2018 Project Background: The devastation caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 laid bare the vital link between coastal ecosystems and human livelihoods It was United States President Bill Clinton’s vision that rebuilding in tsunami-hit areas should improve natural infrastructure and strengthen resilience against future natural disasters In response to this vision IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme UNDP developed Mangroves for the Future in 2006 Since then MFF has grown to include eight institutional partners plus a growing number of countries At the launch of the Tsunami Legacy report at the United Nations in New York in April 2009 Bill Clinton acclaimed MFF as one of the most positive and forward-looking developments of the post-tsunami periodMangroves for the Future MFF is a unique partner-led initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation for sustainable development Co-chaired by IUCN and UNDP MFF provides a platform for collaboration among the many different agencies sectors and countries which are addressingchallenges to coastal ecosystem and livelihood issues The goal is to promote an integrated ocean-wide approach to coastal management and to building the resilience of ecosystem-dependent coastal communities Mangroves are the flagship of the initiative but MFF is inclusive of all types of coastal ecosystem such as coral reefs estuaries lagoons sandy beaches seagrass and wetlandsMOCK Q396 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which one of the following best describes the term Malacca Dilemma sometimes seen in news A It refers to the demarcation line used initially by the government of republic of China B ONGC Videsh Limited signed a contract with the petro Vietnam to jointly explore petroleum resourcesC It is the Nine Dash line area that covers most of the South China sea amp overlaps exclusive economic zoneD It signifies China’s dependency for the energy needs on West AsiaAns DThe “Malacca Dilemma” is a term coined by their President Hu Jintao2003 on the over-reliance on the Malacca Straitssea-route where 80 of their energy needsoil imports pass en-route from the Middle East Angola etcshipping lanes through the Malacca Straitsbetween Malaysia and Indonesia This area is also prone to piracy sometimesConflict in the region and their effect on China’s geopolitical and energy strategies and other issues that can crop up from time to time together constitute the “Malacca Dilemma”MOCK Q395 – FRAMED FROM GCCA WEBSITE Q Global Climate Change Alliance Initiative for country’s vulnerability to climate change is managed by the :A The European CommissionB The Global Environment FacilityC UNDPD World BankAns AThe Global Climate Change Alliance Plus GCCA is a European Union flagship initiative which is helpingthe world’s most vulnerable countries to address climate change Having started with just four pilot projects in 2008 it has become a major climate initiative that has funded over 70 projects of nationalregional and worldwide scope in Africa Asia the Caribbean and the Pacific This EU initiative helps mainly Small Islands Developing States SIDS and Least Developed Countries LDCs increase their resilience to climate change The GCCA also supports these group of countries in implementing their commitments resulting from the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change COP21 in line with the2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the new European Consensus on DevelopmentThe GCCA initiative is making a significant contribution towards achieving the overall target of at least 20 of the EU budget spent for climate action All GCCA projects must primarily aim at facilitating the transition to a climate-resilient low-carbon future in line with the 2°C targetGCCA funding increased from EUR 3175 million in the first phase 2007-2014 to EUR 420 million in the second phase 2014-2020 Read more on financial resourcesMOCK Q394 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which among the following topics are exempted from the courses covered under the LEAP amp ARPIT PROGRAMME for higher education faculty 1 Establishment of the National Anti-profiteering Authority2 Internet of Things3 Tools techniques and experiments in reducing Greenhouse gases emission4 Methodology of Teaching SanskritSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 4B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 124Ans CHRD Ministry launches LEAP and ARPIT programmes for higher education facultyThe courses cover a diverse range of topics such as:Indian culture and Heritage Studies Tribal and Regional languages Urdu French StudiesPedagogical Innovations amp Research Methodology Tools techniques and experiments in Earth ScienceLatest Trends in Pedagogy and Assessment Mathematics Statistics Zoology Chemistry Physics Biotechnology Development and Counselling Marine Science Calculus Real Time Power Analysis and Smart GridNeural Networks and Deep Learning amp Knowledge discovery Civil Infrastructure for Smart City DevelopmentICT in Science and Maths teaching Engineering Mechanics Design Spectrum DIY Manufacturing TechnologyInnovation and Best Practices in Educational Skills Advanced Concepts in Fluid Mechanics Energy Systems EngineeringLeadership and Governance in Higher Education Engineering Mechanics Physics of Semiconductors and Devices Electrical EngineeringPublic Policy and Administration Bio-Medical engineering Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Sciences Chemical EngineeringEnglish Language Teaching Internet of ThingsHindi Literature amp Linguistics Astronomy and AstrophysicsMethodology of Teaching Sanskrit Aerospace Engineering Tourism and Hospitality ManagementEffective Creations and Innovative Researches in Medieval Gujarati Literature Political Science Economics Psychology Development Perspectives in AgricultureLibrary amp Information Science Ethics Human Rights and Environment Anthropology Gender/Women’s studies Law Social and Rural DevelopmentDisaster Management Climate change MOCK Q393 – FRAMED FROM NITIN SIGHANIA Q Which among the following is/are correctly matched :Community Place1 Dangasia Gujarat2 Gond Madhya Pradesh3 Mirgan OdishaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DDangasia GujaratGond Madhya PradeshMirgan Odisha MOCK Q392 – FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM HISTORY Q BR Ambedkar is associated With Which of the following 1 Bahishkrita Hitkarini Sabha2 Hindu Mahasabha3 Hindu Code billSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ALala Lajpat Rai involvement with Hindu Mahasabha leaders gathered criticism from the Naujawan Bharat Sabha as the Mahasabhas were non-secular which did not conform with the system laid out by the Indian National CongressHindu MahasabhaMOCK Q391 – FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q With reference to the Least Developed Countries Fund consider the following statements:1 This fund has been initiated in 2002 by the The Global Environment Facility GEF2 Adaptation amp Mitigation are one of the area of focus of this fundSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThis fund has been initiated in 2002 by the The Global Environment Facility GEFAdaptation is one of the area of focus of this fundMOCK Q390 – FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTUREGOV Q Consider the following :Sites Place1 Aalampur Temple : Telanagana2 European Tomb : Gujarat3 Khajurao Monuments : Madhya PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans D Other Important Sites :Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum Complex : Madhya PradeshMahabalipuram : Tamil NaduUparkot : GujaratKumarakom : KeralaMOCK Q389 – FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q389 The Climate Chain Coalition CCC to support collaboration among members and stakeholders to advance blockchain and related digital solutions emerged at :A 2017 United Nations Climate Change ConferenceB One Planet SummitC COP-24 Katowice D Paris Climate SummitAn BThe Climate Chain Coalition CCC was born during the One Planet Summit in December in Paris France The Coalition engages a multi-stakeholder group working on distributed ledger technology DLT to collaborate on mobilizing climate financePlz Note : The 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference was an international meeting of political leaders non-state actors and activists to discuss environmental issues It was held at UN Campus in Bonn from 6–17 November 2017 Also known as: COP23 UNFCCC CMP13 Kyoto Protocol CMA2 Paris AgreementMOCK Q388 – FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q “Partnership for Market Readiness” is an initiative which is managed by the :A Global Environment FacilityB World BankC United Nation Environment ProgrammeD UNDPAns BPartnership for Market Readiness ADMINISTERED BY: The World BankAREA OF FOCUS Mitigation DATE OPERATIONAL: 2011MOCK Q387 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q387 With reference to the religious practices in India Sarvastivadin belongs to which ancient school A TheravadaB MahayanismC RajagirikarsD HetuvadinsAns ASarvāstivāda were an early school of Buddhism established around the reign of Asoka third century BCEIt was particularly known as an Abhidharma tradition with a unique set of seven Abhidharma worksMOCK Q386 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q386 With reference to the Initial Coin Offerings ICO consider the following statements :1 It is like Initial Public Offer that refers to the issue of cryptocurrency in consideration of funds received from investors2 17 billion has been raised globally through ICOs between 2014 amp 2017Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A27 billion has been raised globally through ICOs between 2014 amp 2017- An initial coin offering ICO or initial currency offering is a type of funding using cryptocurrenciesMostly the process is done by crowdfunding but private ICO’s are becoming more common In an ICO a quantity of cryptocurrency is sold in the form of tokens coins to speculators or investors in exchange for legal tender or other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum The tokens sold are promoted as future functional units of currency if or when the ICO’s funding goal is met and the project launches In some cases like Ethereum the tokens are required to use the system for its purposesAn ICO can be a source of capital for startup companiesMOCK Q385 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q385 Nanotechnology can significantly increase manufacturing at far reduced costs What are the advantages of the Nanotechnology 1 Anti scratch components of the automobiles are possible using the Nanotechnology2 Bullet proof amp stain resistant clothing can be made using the Nanotechnology3 Nanotechnology offer cleaner technologies amp cleaner environmentSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ANano sized particles can acculumate in various body parts such as nasal cavities lungs amp brainDue to their minute size nano particles are able to accumulate in the environmentMOCK Q384 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the “India International Exchange” consider the following statements :1 It was opened very recently at the International Financial Services Centre IFSC in Gujarat2 With this it will be the third largest International Exchange in the world in terms of order responseSelect the correct answer using the using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-It was opened IN 2017 at the International Financial Services Centre IFSC in GujaratBUT NOT VERY RECENTLY – With this it will be the fastest International Exchange in the world in terms of order response with the trade speed of four microseconds-This is better than BSE’s domestic exchange in Mumbai which has an order response time of six microseconds- Singapore is the second fastest International exchange has the order response of 60 microsecondsMOCK Q383 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q383 In Context with the “Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage BECCS” consider the following statements :1 It is a greenhouse gas mitigation technology which produces negative carbon dioxide emissions2 BECSS works by involving the process of pyrogenic carbon capture and storage PyCCS or biocharSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A-Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage BECCS is a potential greenhouse gas mitigation technology which produces negative carbon dioxide emissions by combining bioenergy energy from biomass use with geologic carbon capture and storage1 The concept of BECCS is drawn from the integration of trees and crops which extract carbon dioxide CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow the use of this biomass in processing industries or power plants and the application of carbon capture and storage via CO2injection into geological formations2 There are other non-BECCS forms of carbon dioxide removal and storage that include technologies such as biochar carbon dioxide air captureand biomass burial3 and enhanced weatheringAccording to a recent Biorecro report there is 550 000 tonnes CO2/year in total BECCS capacity currently operating divided between three different facilities as of January 2012In the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC BECCS was indicated as a key technology for reaching low carbon dioxide atmospheric concentration targets8 The negative emissions that can be produced by BECCS has been estimated by the Royal Society to be equivalent to a 50 to 150 ppmdecrease in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations9 and according to the International Energy Agency the BLUE map climate change mitigation scenario calls for more than 2 gigatonnes of negative CO2 emissions per year with BECCS in 205010 According to Stanford University 10 gigatonnes is achievable by this dateAccording to the OECD Achieving lower concentration targets 450 ppm depends significantly on the use of BECCS13An alternative to BECSS is pyrogenic carbon capture and storage PyCCS or biochar14 Which are superior in order to fix carbon in a more stable way: solid C for longer times Carbon dioxide injected into geologic formations eventually leaks back into the atmosphere due to seismic activity and natural faults and problems with the seal of the ancient injection pitsFRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q382 Consider the following :Tribes Place1 Bhoksa Uttarakhand2 Misting Sikkim3 Gonds Madhya PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 123Ans AMisting tribe is in AssamFRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q381 Which of the following best describes Forward linkages with respect to the economic activity 1 These refer to the transactions with the consumers2 For food processing industry these linkages are associated with the primary processing centresSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2 C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AForward linkages :-These refer to the transactions with the consumers- These linkages are associated with the retail storesBackward linkages :-These refer to the transactions with the suppliers-For food processing industry these linkages are associated with the primary processing centresFRAMED FROM LUCENT PUBLICATIONS Q380 Consider the following :Hill Ranges Place1 Rajpipla : Gujarat2 Mahadeo : Madhya Pradesh3 Maikala range : Andhra PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 123Ans CMaikala range : Madhya Pradesh amp ChhatisgarhFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q379 Consider the following statements :1 Loktak lake the biggest fresh water lake is home to the endangered Sangai deer2 Keibul Lamjao is an integral part of the Loktak LakeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CLok tak lake is the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India and is famous for the phumdis heterogeneous mass of vegetation soil and organic matter at various stages of decomposition floating over it The lake is located near Moirang in Manipurstate IndiaThe etymology of Loktak is Lok stream and tak the endThe largest of all the phumdis covers an area of 40 km215 sq mi and is situated on the southeastern shore of the lake Located on this phumdi Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating national park in the world The park is the last natural refuge of the endangered Sangai state animal Rucervus eldii eldii or Manipur brown-antlered deer Cervus eldi eldi one of three subspecies of Eld’s deerThe Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur in India It is 40 km2 154 sq mi in area the only floating park in the world located in North East India and an integral part of Loktak LakeThe national park is characterized by many floating decomposed plant materials locally called phumdis To preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Manipur Eld’s deer or brow-antlered deer Cervus eldi eldi or sangai also called the dancing deer listed as an endangered species by IUCN the park which was initially declared to be a sanctuary in 1966 was subsequently declared to be a national park in 1977 through a gazette notification The act has generated local support and public awarenessFRAMED FROM SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTUNORG Q378 “Championing Green Growth and Climate Resilience” to promote green growth emerged at :A Global Green Growth InstituteB GreenpeaceC European Environment Agency D World Sustainable Development Summit 2011Ans AThe Global Green Growth Institute GGGI is a treaty-based international organization headquartered in Seoul South Korea The organization aims to promote green growth a growth paradigm that is characterized by a balance of economic growth and environmental sustainability GGGI provides research and stakeholder engagement for green growth plans especially in developing countries aiming to replace the more typical paradigm based on industrial developmentFounded to support green economic growth that simultaneously addresses poverty reduction job creation social inclusion and environmental sustainability GGGI works across four priority areas that are considered to be essential to transforming national economies including energy water land use and green citiesMotto Championing Green Growth and Climate ResilienceFormation 16 June 2010Headquarters Seoul Republic of KoreaMembership 30 Member countriesCouncil chair Ban Ki MoonDirector-General Frank RijsbermanBudget USD 55 million 2018Q377 The term “Climate Neutrality” sometimes mentioned in the news are related to :A World Wild life FundB UNFCCC SecretariatC Biocarbon FundD World wildlife TrustAns BThe UNFCCC secretariat launched its Climate Neutral Now initiative in 2015 The following year the secretariatlaunched a new pillar under its Momentum for Change initiative focused on Climate Neutral Nowas part of larger efforts to showcase successful climate action around the worldThe UNFCCC secretariat UN Climate Change was established in 1992 when countries adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCCWith the subsequent adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015 Parties to these three agreements have progressively reaffirmed the secretariat’s role as the United Nations entity tasked with supporting the global response to the threat of climate changeSince 1995 the secretariat is located in Bonn GermanyThe secretariat provides technical expertise and assists in the analysis and review of climate change information reported by Parties and in the implementation of the Kyoto mechanisms It also maintains the registry for Nationally Determined Contributions NDC established under the Paris Agreement a key aspect of implementation of the Paris AgreementThe secretariat organizes and supports between two and four negotiating sessions each year The largest and most important is the Conference of the Parties held annually and hosted in different locations around the globe It is the largest annual United Nations conference attended on average by around 25000 participants In addition to these major conferences the secretariat organizes annual sessions of the so-called subsidiary bodies as well as a large number of meetings and workshops throughout the yearIn recent years the secretariat also supports the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action agreed by governments to signal that successful climate action requires strong support from a wide range of actors including regions cities business investors and all parts of civil society At UN Climate Change Conferences a large number of events demonstrate how non-Party stakeholders are working with governments and the UN system to implement the Paris AgreementFRAMED FROM NDC PARTNERSHIPORG Q376 With reference to the Special Climate Change Fund consider the following statements :1 It was established in 1991 under UNFCCC to finance projects which enable the adaptation to climate change2 It is operated by United Nation Environment Programme UNEP amp World Meteorological Organisation WMOSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt was established in 2001 under UNFCCC to finance projects which enable the adaptation to climate changeIt is operated by Global Environment Facility GEFEXPLANATION :In 2001 Parties to the UNFCCC established the Special Climate Change Fund SCCF to support climate change activities that are complementary to the GEF’s climate change projects with a special focus on the most vulnerable countries The objective of the Special Climate Change Fund SCCF is to support adaptation and technology transfer projects and programs that: are countryFRAMED FROM IUCNORG Q375 Which among the following country is not the member of the “Mangroves for The Future” A Cambodia B MyanmarC LaosD MaldivesAns CMangroves for the Future MFFLocation: Member countries: Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Pakistan Seychelles Sri Lanka Thailand and Vietnam Outreach countries: Malaysia Dialogue countries: Kenya and TanzaniaDuration: Established in 2006 MFF is currently in its third phase 2015 – 2018 Project Background: The devastation caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 laid bare the vital link between coastal ecosystems and human livelihoods It was United States President Bill Clinton’s vision that rebuilding in tsunami-hit areas should improve natural infrastructure and strengthen resilience against future natural disasters In response to this vision IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme UNDP developed Mangrovesfor the Future in 2006 Since then MFF has grown to include eight institutional partners plus a growing number of countries At the launch of the Tsunami Legacy report at the United Nations in New York in April 2009 Bill Clinton acclaimed MFF as one of the most positive and forward-looking developments of the post-tsunami periodMangroves for the Future MFF is a unique partner-led initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation for sustainable development Co-chaired by IUCN and UNDP MFF provides a platform for collaboration among the many different agencies sectors and countries which are addressing challenges to coastal ecosystem and livelihood issues The goal is to promote an integrated ocean-wide approach to coastal management and to building the resilience of ecosystem-dependent coastal communities Mangroves are the flagship of the initiative but MFF is inclusive of all types of coastal ecosystem such as coral reefs estuaries lagoons sandy beaches seagrass and wetlandsFRAMED FROM The Hindu Q374 Which among the following is/are classified under the Third Generation Vaccines 1 DTP vaccine2 DNA Vaccine3 Polio VaccineSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D Only 2Ans DDTP vaccine – Second generation VaccineDNA Vaccine- Third generation VaccinePolio Vaccine- First generation VaccineDNA vaccination is a technique for protecting against disease by injection with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen producing a protective immunological response DNA vaccines have potential advantages over conventional vaccines including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response typesSeveral DNA vaccines are available for veterinary use Currently no DNA vaccines have been approved for human use Research is investigating the approach for viral bacterial and parasitic diseases in humans as well as for several cancersApplicationsNo DNA vaccines have been approved for human use in the United States Few experimental trials have evoked a response strong enough to protect against disease and the technique’s usefulness remains to be proven in humans A veterinary DNA vaccine to protect horses from West Nile virus has been approvedFirst-Generation Vaccines Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are identified in the first generation which use a primary method in their production Attenuated pathogens full organisms or inactivated bacterial toxin which are effectively immunogenic are used in making these vaccines2nd Generation Vaccines:-The second generation vaccines were created in order to minimize the risks of having the pathogen revert to a dangerous formThe way these vaccines work is that they do not contain the whole organism but rather subunits Subunits may consist of the toxins that the pathogen create if they are bacterial Another example of subunit vaccines are those that only contain protein sections of the pathogen such as an acellular formA great example of a 2nd generation vaccine is DTaP The vaccine contains diptheria toxoid tetanus toxoid pertussis toxoid as well as the acellular version of pertussisAs with the issues with the 1st generation of vaccines the 2nd generation vaccines can generate antibody response and T-helper response but AGAIN no T-Killer responseFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS Q373 Which among the following is/are the examples of The Near Field Communication 1 Public transport card readers2 Smart phones3 Touch payment terminalsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DNear-field communication NFC is a set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices one of which is usually a portable device such as a smartphone to establish communication by bringing them within 4 cm 16 in of each other1NFC devices are used in contactless payment systems similar to those used in credit cards and electronic ticket smartcards and allow mobile payment to replace or supplement these systems This is sometimes referred to as NFC/CTLS Contactless or CTLS NFC NFC is used for social networking for sharing contacts photos videos or files2 NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity documents and keycards3 NFC offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connectionsFRAMED FROM SHANKAR ENVIRONMENT Q372 With respect to the Global Tiger Forum GTF consider the following statements :1 It is an international symposium to save Tigers in the world with support of South Asian Countries2 Headquarter of the GTF is located in India because India has the largest tiger population in the world Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BGTF is an intergovernmental body to undertake worldwide campaign amp a common programme to save tigers in the worldInternational Symposium on Tiger held at New Delhi during February 1993 adopted a Delhi declaration on Tiger conservation Headquarter of the GTF is located in India because India has the largest tiger population in the world FRAMED FROM MAJID HUSSAIN’S INDIAN GEOGRAPHY Q371 Consider the following :1 Jai Samand Lake : Largest Artificial lake2 Pulicat lake : Has a largest number of islands within3 Vembanad lake : Largest KayalsWhich among the above is/are correctly matched A Only 2B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans BExplanation :1Kolleru lake has the largest number of islands within Kolleru lake is formed between deltas of Godavari amp Krishna riversKolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in state of Andhra Pradesh and formsthe largest shallow freshwater3 lake in Asia 15 kilometers away from the city of Eluru Kolleru is located between Krishna and Godavari deltas4 Kolleru spans into two districts – Krishna and West Godavari The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammilerustreams and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari irrigation systems by over 67 major and minor irrigation canals This lake is a major tourist attraction Many birds migrate here in winter such as Siberian crane ibisand painted storks The lake was an important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratorybirds including the grey or spot-billed pelican Pelecanus philippensis The lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India’s Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002 under the international Ramsar Convention The wildlife sanctuary covers an area of 308 km2Egrets grey herons painted storks and black-headed ibises gathering in thousands at Kolleru Lake Andhra Pradesh IndiaKolleru Lake under Ramsar Convention allowing local communities Here: Vaddi Community to continue their occupation of culture fish and caught fish covers 90100 hectares 222600 acres and Kolleru Lake underWildlife Sanctuary covers 166000 acres 67200 ha2Pulicat lake : Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India after Chilika Lake Pulicat Lagoon is considered to be the second largest brackish water body in India measuring 759 km2 The Lagoon is one the three important wetlands to attract North-East Monsoon rain clouds during October to December season to Tamil Nadu The lagoon comprises the following regions which adds up 759 km2 according to Andhra Pradesh Forest Department: 1 Pulicat Lake Tamil Nadu-TN amp Andhra Pradesh-AP 2 Marshy/WetlandLand Region AP 3 Venadu Reserve Forest AP 4 Pernadu Reserve Forest AP The lagoon was cut across in the middle the Sriharikota Link Road which divided the water body into lake and marshy land The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre1 Major part of the lake comes under Nellore district of Andhra pradesh3 Vembanad lake:Vembanad Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol is the longest lake in India1 and the largest lake in the state of Kerala Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala it is known as Vembanadu Lake in Kottayam Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad and Kochi Lake in Kochi Several groups of small islands including Vypin Mulavukad Vallarpadam Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island and the Vallarpadam islandThe Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake High levels of pollution have been noticed at certain hotspots of the Vembanad backwaters Government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under National Wetlands Conservation Programme4 Jai Samand Lake:Dhebar Lake also known as Jaisamand Lake is India’s second-largest artificial lake after Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar1 It is located in the Udaipur District of Rajasthan State in western India It has an area of 87 km2 34 sq mi when full and was created in the 17th century when Rana Jai Singh of Udaipur built a marble dam across the Gomati River It is about 450 km 280 mi from the district headquarters of Udaipur When first built it was the largest artificial lake in the world The surrounding Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary around Dhebar Lake can be reached by the state highway to Banswara from Udaipur It is about 270 km 168 mi from Parsad A village on National Highway No 8 Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary protects about 1620 square kilometres 16200 ha mostly teakforest on the shores of Dhebar Lake The lake has three islands measuring from 10 to 40 acres 40000 to 162000 m2 each The Dhebar Lake Marble Dam is 3000 m 9843 ft long and is a part of the Heritage Monuments of India The dam also has the Hawa Mahal Palace winter Capital of the erstwhile Maharanas of MewarFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -MAY 2018 Q370 With reference to the CLOUD ACT consider the following statements :1 It has been passed by the US Congress very recently to make artificial rain by spraying clouds with substances like Silver Iodide 2 US has enacted in 2018 by passing the Consolidated Appropriations ActSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BCloud act – The Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data CLOUD Act passed by the US Congress earlier this year seeks to de-monopolise control over data from US authorities The law will for the first time allow tech companies to share data directly with certain foreign governments This however requires an executive agreement between the US and the foreign country certifying that the state has robust privacy protections and respect for due process and the rule of law Before this Cloud Act an Indian officer investigating would have to raise a request for data to the US government where it is storedHow CLOUD act impacts law enforcement in India :- Timely access to electronic data for police is required to prevent mitigate or prosecute even a routine crime With the enactment of the CLOUD Act an Indian officer for the purposes of an investigation will no longer have to make a request to the US government but can approach the company directlyFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS -AUGUST 2018 Q369 Which among the following is/are the expected benefits to a country by signing the pact of Duqm port in Oman 1 Port is located near the Persian Gulf through which half of the world’s oil tanker pass2 It has a special economic zone where 25 billion investments are expected to be made by the Indian companiesWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AIt has a special economic zone where 18 billion investments are expected to be made by the Indian companiesPort is located near the Persian Gulf through which half of the world’s oil tanker passIt is also near the Chabahar port of IranFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS -AUGUST 2018 Q368 What is/are the consequence/ consequences of a country becoming the member of the ‘European Bank for Reconstruction amp Development’ 1 Membership would provide access to the technical amp financial assistance of the bank related to the development of the private sector2 Co-financing opportunities access to the international markets will be enhanced through the membershipWhich of the statements given above is/are correctA 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Both 1 amp 2D Neither 1 nor 2 Ans BMembership would provide access to the technical assistance amp sectoral knowledge of the bank related to the development of the private sectorCo-financing opportunities access to the international markets will be enhanced through the membershipExplanation:The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD is an international financial institution founded in 1991 As a multilateral developmental investment bank the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies Initially focused on the countries of the former Eastern Bloc it expanded to support development in more than 30 countries from central Europe to central Asia Similar to other multilateral development banks the EBRD has members from all over the world North America Africa Asia and Australia see below with the biggest shareholder being the United States but only lends regionally in its countries of operations Headquartered in London the EBRD is owned by 69 countries and two EU institutions 69th being Indiarecently in July 2018 Despite its public sector shareholders it invests in private enterprises together with commercial partnersThe EBRD is not to be confused with the European Investment Bank EIB which is owned by EU member states and is used to support EU policy EBRD is also distinct from the Council of Europe Development Bank CEBFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS -AUGUST 2018 Q367 STARLINK refers to :A It is a research amp development project developed by Google X to provide internet access to rural amp remote areasB It is the solar powered drone launched by facebook to provide internet access to four billion people around the world C Any type of drone that can be controlled by the Microwave signals of high wavelengthD It is the planned constellation of satellites that would provide high speed global internet connectionAns DStarlink is a satellite constellation development project underway by SpaceX1 to develop a low-cost high-performance satellite bus and requisite customer ground transceivers to implement a new space-basedInternet communication system23 By 2017 SpaceX submitted regulatory filings to launch nearly 12000 satellites to orbit by the mid-2020s4SpaceX also plans to sell satellites that use a satellitebus that may be used for military5 scientific or exploratory purposes6 In November 2018 SpaceX received FCC approval to deploy 7518 broadband satellites in addition to the 4425 satellites that were approved in March 2018 Development began in 2015 and prototype test-flight satellites were launched on 22 February 2018Initial operation of the constellation could begin in 2020 with satellite deployment beginning mid 2019The SpaceX satellite development facility in Redmond Washington houses the research and development operations for the satellite Internet projectFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q366 Which among the following sites have been identified for the development of Water Aerodromes 1 Wular lake2 Sabarmati river front3 Chilika lakeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans CChilika lake IN Orissa Gujarat’s Sardar Sarovar Dam Sabarmati river front have been identified for the development of Water AerodromesFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q365 Which among the following products have been classified into Minor Forest Products 1 Tamarind 2 Sandalwood3 Bamboo4 Cane5 Fuel amp TimberSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1345B 245C Only 2 amp 5D 134Ans DMajor Forest Produce and Minor Forest Products The Major Forest Products comprise Pulpwood SandalwoodSocial Forestry that incudes Fuel and Timber The Minor Forest Products include the items such as tamarind curry leaf Tendu Patta gallnut Cane Soapnut tree moss and now Bamboo alsoFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q364 Consider the following :1 Magnetic Rheological Fluid Damper2 Macro encapsulation device for treatment of Diabetes3 Smartphone based Camera SensorWhich among the above projects have been developed under the Imprint-2 Initiative A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 1Ans BMagnetic Rheological Fluid Damper Smartphone based Camera Sensor- are the projects of IMPRINT INITIATIVEFor details of the projects open the link : FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q363 Which among the following have been accorded Geographical Indication status 1 Blue pottery of Jaipur2 Tirupati ladoos3 Mahabaleshwar Strawberry4 Nagpur OrangeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 124B 2 amp 4C 234D 1234Ans DFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q362 With reference to the news what is Blockchain Bond A It is the new debt instrument issued by World Bank by using ledger technology B It is a type of bond purchased by buyers interested in earning a revenue stream from the British pound or sterlingC Republic of Seychelles has launched the Bond a novel financing initiative which taps into capital markets to fund ocean-related environmental projectsD It is the bond issued outside India but denominated in Indian Rupees rather than the local currencyAns AThe World Bank is turning to blockchain to help it raise moneyThe international lender is planning to issue what it says is the world’s first global blockchainbond a notable mainstream endorsement of the emerging technologyBlockchain is best known as the technology underpinning bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies It serves as a digital record of financial transactionsThe World Bank has hired Commonwealth Bank of Australia CBAUF to manage the bond which is expected to raise as much as 100 million Australian dollars 73 millionFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q361 Which of the following best describes the term “Mobilise Your City” sometimes seen in news A It is an initiative to support three Indian cities to reduce Green House Gas emissionsB It is a part of Swacch Bharat Mission to make Indian cities clean C It is the Heat Action Plan adopted in Climate Change Conference to keep global average temperature below 20 CD It is an initiative to support Indian cities to reduce atmospheric pollution as a part of health initiativeAns AIndia and France sign an implementation agreement on “MOBILISE YOUR CITY” MYC European Union agrees to Euro 35 million for investments and technical assistance within the Mobilise Your City MYC programme in India MYC aims at supporting three pilot cities viz Nagpur Kochi and Ahmedabad for reduction of Green House Gas GHG emissions related to urban transportFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q360 With reference to the PISA Programme For International Student Assessment consider the following statements :1 PISA test introduced in the year 2000 by UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund 2 The test is carried out once in every two yearsWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DPISA test introduced in the year 2000 by OECDThe test is carried out once in every three yearsThe Programme for International Student Assessment PISA is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils’ scholastic performance on mathematics science and reading It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years Its aim is to provide comparable data with a view to enabling countries to improve their education policies and outcomes It measures problem solving and cognition The 2015 version of the test was published on 6 December 2016FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q359 With reference to O-Smart scheme consider the following statements :1 It is the Earth Ministry’s scheme to address Ocean development activities 2 The scheme covers 16 sub projects with an overall cost of Rs 1700 croresWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThe scheme covers 16 sub projects with an overall cost of Rs 1623 croresFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q358 Which among the following is/are modified Operational Guidelines for Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana 1 Only Perennial horticulture crops are included on pilot basis under the ambit of PMFBY 2 Farmers will be paid 11 interest by insurance companies Which of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-Farmers will be paid 12 interest by insurance companies-State Governments will have to pay 12 interest for delay in release of state share of subsidy-It includes Perennial horticulture crops on pilot basis under the ambit of PMFBY -It provides add on coverage for crop loss -Release of upfront premium subsidy FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q357 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Jeevan jyoti Bima Yojana consider the following statements :1 It is a life insurance scheme which includes age between 18 to 50 years2 The annual premium of Rs12 will be paid by the Union government 3 The benefit includes Rs 2 lakhs in case of death due to any causeWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans BPradhan Mantri Jeevan jyoti Bima Yojana is a accident insurance scheme which includes age between 18 to 50 yearsPradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is a life insurance which includes age between 18 to 70 yearsPradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana : The annual premium of Rs12 will be paid by the Union government Pradhan Mantri Jeevan jyoti Bima Yojana : The annual premium of Rs330 will be paid by the Union government FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q356 Which among the following are mandatory to mention on the label of the food items as per regulations of Food Safety amp Standards Regulations Act2018 1Trans fats2 Sugar 3 Salt4 Genetically Engineered Goods / ingredients derived from GMO5 Folic acidWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A 145B 1234C 123D 12345Ans BThe Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI on August 17 2018 constituted a group of experts from health and nutrition sector to look into the issue of food labellingThe expert panel will be headed by B Sesikeran former director of National Institute of Nutrition NIN and comprises Hemalatha and Dr Nikhil Tandon The panel will study in detail the concerns of the industry and make recommendations The announcement regarding the constitution of the Committee was made by FSSAI CEO Pawan Kumar Agarwal while addressing a national consultation on the draft regulation on food labelling organised by the CUTS InternationalAgarwal also made it clear that Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI will go ahead with the labelling norms even if there is no full consensus on the matter after the panel’s suggestionsIn April 2018 the FSSAI had come out with the draft of ‘Food Safety and Standards Labelling and Display Regulations 2018’ that propose mandatory red-label marking on packaged food products containing high levels of fat sugar and saltHowever for now the government has put on hold these draft regulations following the concerns raised by stakeholdersDraft provisions of Food Safety and Standards Labelling and Display Regulations 2018• The draft regulations suggest for mandatory declaration by packaged food manufacturers about nutritional information such as calories total fat trans fat sugar and salt per serve on the front of the pack• The draft pitches for a colour code proposes that the high fats such as sugar and salt trans-fat and sodium content should be coloured as ‘red’ if the value of energy from total sugar or fat is more than 10 percent of the total energy in the 100 grams or 100 ml of the product • The colour coding will make it easier for consumers to know about the nutritional value of food products and will help them make choices as per their requirements • It also makes mandatory to label food stuffs as ‘Contains GMO/Ingredients derived from GMO’ if the items contain 5 percent or more Genetically Engineered GE ingredients • The nutritional information should also be provided in the form of bar codeFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q355 Consider the following statements with reference to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch that sometimes seen in news :1 It is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean2 It is located from 135°E to 155°WWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThe Great Pacific garbage patch also described as the Pacific trash vortex is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean It is located roughly from 135°W to 155°W and 35°N to 42°NThe collection of plastic floating trash halfway between Hawaii and California extends over an indeterminate area of widely varying range depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define itThe patch is characterized by exceptionally high relative pelagic concentrations of plastic chemical sludge and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre3 Despite the common public image of islands offloating rubbish its low density 4 particles per cubic meter prevents detection by satellite imagery or even by casual boaters or divers in the area It consists primarily of an increase in suspended often microscopic particles in the upper water columnThe patch is not easily seen from the sky because the plastic is dispersed over a large area Researchers from The Ocean Cleanup project claimed that the patch covers 16 million square kilometers The plastic concentration is estimated to be up to 100 kilograms per square kilometer in the center going down to 10 kilograms per square kilometer in the outer parts of the patch An estimated 80000 metric tons of plastic inhabit the patch totaling 18 trillion pieces 92 of the mass in the patch comes from objects larger than 05 centimetersResearch indicates that the patch is rapidly accumulatingA similar patch of floating plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean called the North Atlantic garbage patchFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q354 Consider the following statements with reference to the Heritage Irrigation Structures that sometimes seen in news :1 These structures have been created to ease irrigation by creating partition between the acidic amp alkaline soil2 This scheme has excluded old operational irrigation structures Which of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DAt the 63rd meeting of International Executive Council IEC held at Adelaide Australia on 28 June 2012 President Gao Zhanyi suggested that a process for recognition of the historical irrigation structures on the lines of World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO shall be initiated Accordingly a Task Team comprising of the following members was set up to work out objectives guidelines and procedures to select the historical irrigation structures The Scheme was discussed during the meeting of WG-HIST at 65th IEC meeting The members suggested changes in the scope of the Scheme The present Scheme has been revised and updated to include both the old operational irrigation structures as well as structures that have primarily archival value It is proposed that a historical irrigation and/or drainage structure fulfilling the criterion laid down in this document shall be recognized as “Heritage Irrigation Structure” HIS The nomination forms received by 30 June every year will be processed together and presented to the following Executive Council meeting after due processing Nominations are invited from ICID National Committees for selection of “World Heritage Irrigation Structures” WHIS thatincludes both old operational irrigation structures as well as those having an archival value A Task Team is set up every year to select historical drainage/drainage structures as received from various National Committees NCs to give recognition to the historical irrigation structures on the lines of World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO National Committee can nominate more than one structure using separate nomination form for each Associated Members and non-member countries can nominate their structures through the neighboring active national committees or by submitting directly to the ICID Central OfficeFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q353 Which of the following best describes “MOVE” sometimes seen in news A It is the Global Mobility Summit organized by Niti Ayog to make Indian cities pollution freeB It is an Intergovernmental agreement on the National Redress Scheme for Institutional Child Sexual Abuse C It is the Global Mobility Summit organized by UNFCCC between the Commonwealth and the States on environment issuesD It is an inter governmental agreement for the promotion of political amp economic relations with the ASEANAns ATo showcase innovation and build a platform to shape the future of mobility NITI Aayog is proud to host the first Move Summit 2018 In New Delhi on 7th and 8th September 2018 stakeholders from across the sectors of mobility and transportation will gather to co-create a public interest framework to revolutionize transport Together government industry academia civil society and media will set the base for a transport system which is safe clean shared and connected and affordable accessible and inclusiveThe Move Summit will address these challenges through two major channels:THE CORE SUMMIT AND PARALLEL EVENTS It will help leverage a number of unique features of India’s mobility ecosystem:a Tremendous potential for a fundamental shiftb Low lock-in-effectc Scale and size d Frugal innovation ande Globally-recognized technological prowessThe Move Summit will seek to integrate India’s efforts around sustainable development urbanization clean energy and more through the unique lens of mobilityFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q352 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana consider the following statements :1 Institutional treatment is the part of this Scheme2 It will cover over 10 crore people for secondary amp tertiary care hospitalization 3 Members of the family should not be more than 5 to be eligible for the scheme Which of the statements given above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans B1st statement : Institution treatment means a hospital nursing facility or other It is a fabricated statement3rd statement : It is also wrong It is not the feature of this schemePrime Minister Narendra Modi launched ambitious Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana PMJAY under Ayushman Bharat umbrella at Ranchi Jharkhand The scheme aims to provide annual health insurance cover of Rs 5 lakh to 1074 crore beneficiary families ie over 50 crore beneficiaries across India It is touted as world’s largest healthcare scheme that will serve beneficiary population that equals 27-28 European countries and almost equal to population of Canada Mexico and US put together The scheme will become operational from September 25 2018 ie on birth anniversary of Deendayal Upadhyay FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -JUNE 2018 Q351 Which of the following best describes “RIMPAC” sometimes seen in news A It is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shippingB It is the world’s largest military exercise between United States amp South Korea C It is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfareD It is the world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise administered by the United States Navy’s pacific fleetAns DRIMPAC the Rim of the Pacific Exercise is the world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise RIMPAC is held bienniallyduring June and July of even-numbered years from Honolulu Hawaii It is hosted and administered by the United States Navy’s Pacific Fleet headquartered at Pearl Harbor in conjunction with the Marine Corps the Coast Guard and Hawaii National Guard forces under the control of the Governor of Hawaii The US invites military forces from the Pacific Rim and beyond to participate With RIMPAC the United States Pacific Command seeks to enhance interoperability among Pacific Rim armed forces ostensibly as a means of promoting stability in the region to the benefit of all participating nations Described by the US Navy as a unique training opportunity that helps participants foster and sustain the cooperative relationships that are critical to ensuring the safety of sea lanes and security on the world’s oceansRIMPAC 2018On 23 May 2018 the Pentagon announced that it had disinvited China because of recent militarization of islands in the South China Sea after China had announced in January that it had been invitedThe PRC has previously attended RIMPAC 2014 amp 2016On 30 May 2018 the US Navy announced that the following navies would take part in the exercise FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -JUNE 2018 Q350 With reference to the “Polargap Project” consider the following statements :1 It is an international mission to capture data about the Earth’s electrical amp magnetic field2 This project is largely funded by the World bankWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DPolarGAP is an ambitious international mission to capture new and critical data about the Earth’s global gravity field Innovative radar systems and Lidar technologies will also be deployed from Twin Otter aircraft to fill the ‘data gap’ in measurements of surface elevation over the South Pole region south of 835°Two earth observing satellite missions GOCE and CryoSat 2 mounted by the European Space Agency ESA revolutionised scientists’ ability to ‘map’ the Earth’s global gravity field and monitor how Earth’s ice fields are responding to global change However because GOCE’s orbit did not cross the Poles there is a data gap at the South PoleThe PolarGAP project will collect new gravity data and combine them with datasets from other Antarctic missions to build the first accurately constrained global gravity model This is essential as global gravity data provide unique informationon mass distribution and transport in the Earth System linked to processes and changes in the Solid Earth hydrology cryosphere oceans and atmosphere Key applications of gravity data include geodetic studies levelling and mapping navigation GPS/GLONASS and satellite orbit planningFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -JULY 2018 Q349 Recently environment minister inaugurates advanced system of air quality “SAFAR” With reference to this project consider the following statements :1 It will monitor all the weather parameters like temperature wind speed amp wind direction 2 The system will also monitor existence of Benzene Methane amp TolueneWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AScienceamp Technology Earth Sciences Environment Forest amp Climate Change Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan unveiled a state-of-the-art Air Quality and Weather Forecast System– SAFAR System of Air Quality and Weather Forecastingat ChandniChowkin Delhi today The giant true colour LED display gives out real-time air quality index on 24×7 basis with colour coding alongwith 72-hour advance forecastThe system first of its kind in the country was developed indigenously in record time by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune and operationalized by India Meteorological Department IMDThe minister said based on the Air Quality Index on a particular day Health advisory and related precaution will be notified to prepare citizens well in advance Dr Harsh Vardhan further added that in addition to monitoring and forecasting of regular air quality and weather parameters the ChandniChowk air quality station will also measure sun’s UV-Index and will provide measurement of online automatic ultrafine particles PM1 and Mercury both of which have direct relevance to human health Based on UVI skin advisories will be issued on display“Our mission model project SAFAR is implemented in four cities of India – Delhi Pune Mumbai and Ahmedabad as an operational service Accordingto a preliminary economic assessment of the benefits of the system if 5 of people suffering from air-pollution related diseases take advantage of the advisories and precautionsin Delhi alone it would result in a saving of nearly Rs 2500 crores in terms of health-related cost benefit” said Dr Harsh Vardhan addressing a large gathering at Town Hall in ChandniChowkThe system will be an integral part of India’s first Air Quality Early Warning System operational in Delhi and will strengthen the existing air quality network of SAFAR Central Pollution Control Board and Delhi Pollution Control CommitteeSAFAR will accelerate public awareness and preparedness of air pollution and weather extremes It will also lead to better understanding of linkages among emissions weather pollution and climate It will monitor all weather parameters like temperature rainfall humidity wind speed and wind directionIn addition to regular air quality parameters like PM25 PM10 Sulfur Dioxide Ozone Nitrogen Oxides Carbon Monoxide the system will also monitor the existence of Benzene Toluene and XyleneBesides health SAFAR system would benefit cost savings to several other sectors like agriculture aviation infrastructure disaster management skill tourism and many others which directly or indirectly get affected by air quality and weather FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q348 Which of the following best describes “Global Green Bond Partnership” sometimes seen in news A This partnership will spread catchment area over 689 sq km to provide water for irrigation to cities states regionsB These bonds are issued by world bank in partnership with the government bodies private organisations or individual scientists to increase forest cover C This partnership will support efforts of cities states regions corporations private companies to accelerate issuance of green bondsD These bonds are issued by world bank in partnership with the government bodies private organisations or individual scientists to provide precious water for paddy cropsAns CThe Global Green Bond Partnership GGBP launched at the Global Climate Action Summit GCAS This new partnership will support efforts of sub-national entities such as cities states and regions corporations and private companies and financial institutions to accelerate the issuance of green bondsThe founding members of the Global Green Bond Partnership GGBP include the World Bank IFC – a member of the World Bank Group Amundi European Investment Bank Climate Bonds Initiative Ceres ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate amp Energy GCoM and the Low Emissions Development Strategies Global Partnership LEDS GPFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q347 With reference to the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme consider the following statements :1 It is proposed to cover all the oil seeds for which minimum support price is notified2 It does not involve any physical procurement of the crops3 All the payments will be done directly into registered bank account of the farmer Which of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe Niti Aayog has released a three-year agenda for the Centre Of the several things it has touched upon one is agriculture with a focus on doubling farmers’ income The think-tank has recommended reforms in the APMC Act and tenancy laws and tweaks to the eNAM electronic National Agriculture Market It has also suggested ‘Price Deficiency Payment’ system to address the gaps in Minimum Support Price MSP based procurement of cropsWhat is itUnder Price Deficiency Payment farmers are proposed to be compensated for the difference between the government-announced MSPs for select crops and their actual market prices For crops such as rice and wheat where it is effective now MSP announcements will continue For other targeted crops price deficiency payments will be made However it has to be noted that there may be a cap on the extent to which the Centre will bridge the gap between MSP and market priceNiti Aayog has said that the farmer may be entitled to the difference up to say 10 per cent To avail this benefit eachfarmer would have to register with the nearest APMC mandi and report the total area sown The subsidy may be paid via Direct Benefit Transfer DBT into the farmer’s Aadhaar-linked bank accountWhy is it importantThe key benefit from the price deficiency payment is that it will reduce the need for the government to actually procure food crops transport and store them and then dispose of them under PDS The difference between the support and market prices can instead simply be paid in cash to the farmer Price deficiency payment can also keep India’s bill on food subsidies under check believes Niti Aayog India’s food subsidy schemes have frequently come under the WTO scanner Even in the meeting held in March this year there were questions raised on the minimum support price programmes for wheat sugarcane and pulses by the US EU and AustraliaThese countries see India’s procurement subsidies as trade-distorting In recent years the government has been seeing the accumulation of large food grain stocks in its godowns over and above the buffer requirement This entails storage and wastage costs that add on to the subsidy billFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q346 Recently Government has hiked customs duties of several items to curb imports of non-essential goods Which among the following items are exempted under the custom duty 1 E-cigarettes2 Aviation turbine fuel3 Decorative sheets4 Beeds amp BanglesWhich of the options given above is/are correct A 234B Only 1C 1 amp 3D Only 4Ans BCustom DutySno Item 1 Air Conditioner 2 Refrigerators3 Washing Machines Less than 10kg 4 Compressor for ACs Refrigerators 5 Speakers 6 Footwear 7 Radial car tyres 8 Non-industrial diamonds 9 Diamonds semi-processed 10 Lab grown diamonds 11 Cut polished coloured gem stones 12 Jewellery- precious metal or metal clad with precious metal 13 Goldsmith or Silversmith wares – precious metal or metal clad with precious metal 14 Shower bath bath sink wash basin of plastic 15 Plastic items- boxes case containers bottles insulated ware 16 Kitchenware tableware household items of plastic 17 Other plastic items- office stationary fitting for furniture decorative sheets statuettes beads and bangles18 Trunks suitcases brief cases travel bags and other bags 19 Aviation turbine fuel FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q345 With reference to the Price Support scheme consider the following statements :1 Physical procurement of the oilseeds pulses amp Copra will be done by NAFED amp Food Corporation of India2 Procurement expenditure amp losses due to procurement will be borne by the State governmentWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAnsAProcurement expenditure amp losses due to procurement will be borne by the Union government as per normsPhysical procurement of the oilseeds pulses amp Copra will be done by Central Nodal agencies with the proactive role of the State governments FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q344 India has recently signed COMCASA Agreement What is/are the consequence/consequences for India by signing the agreement 1 It allows the India to transfer electronic systems amp ensure secrecy of its C4ISR systems2 By signing the agreement India would have to buy American Military equipmentWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-It allows the US to transfer high tech electronic systems amp ensure secrecy of its C4ISR Command Control Communications Computers Intelligence Surveillance amp Reconnaissance systems-By signing the agreement It is not mean that India would have to necessarily buy American Military equipmentExplanation :It is one of the three foundational defence pacts that needs to be signed by a country in order to obtain high-tech military hardware from the US Before COMCASA India had signed only one of these agreements – Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement LEMOA – in 2016 The two countries are yet to begin talks on the third agreement – Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geo-spatial Cooperation BECA2 The agreement will give Indian military access to function on high-end secured and encrypted communication equipment which are installed on American platforms obtained by Indian Armed Forces These platforms include C-130 J C-17 P-8I aircraft and Apache and Chinook helicopters3 The act is usually known as the Communication and Information on Security Memorandum of Agreement CISMOA But it was changed to COMCASA to signify its India-specific alterations4 It will also provide a legal framework for the transfer of encrypted communication security equipment from the US to India It is believed to be safer and more secure than the system that India uses right now “Signing of Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement COMCASA will enable India to access advanced technologies from USA” Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said while addressing the media5 The agreement was pending for almost ten years One of the major reasons for this was the fear that India may compromise its operational independence Critics had also pointed out that the agreement could jeopardise India’s established military ties with Russia and access to their weapons systemsThe agreement is also of political significance with the general elections scheduled to take place next year In 2016 the BJP government had to face a lot of criticism from the opposition parties for signing LEMOAThese agreements and Donald Trump administration’s decision to give India STA-1 status Strategic Trade Authorization-1 shows the country’s importance in the US strategic calculus“We’ll be meeting PM Modi on how to advance relationship in the new era of growth under his leadership and President Trump We had many productive and forward thinking conversations on our bilateral relationship and our shared future” Pompeo said after ‘22’ talksFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q343 Currently India is a member of which among the following organizations / groups 1 Missile Technology Control Regime2 Australia Group3 Wassenaar Arrangement4 Nuclear Suppler GroupWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 2 amp 3B 234C Only 1 amp 2D 123Ans DSome countries are opposing the Indian entry into NSG because India has not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty NPTQ342 With respect to the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana which among the following is NOT correctA It is a social welfare scheme to provide LPG connections in BPL householdsB The scheme was launched in the year 2015C The Government has set a target of 5 crores LPG connections under the YojanaD The objective of the scheme is to safeguard the health of women and children by providing them with clean cooking fuelAns B- The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana PMUY is a welfare program of the government of India launched by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2016The stated objective of the program is providing 50000000 LPG connections to women from families below the poverty lineFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ341 Which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 COP 11 : Minimata convention on mercury2 COP 3 : Kyoto protocol on climate change3 COP 1 : Montreal ProtocolSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans BCOP-4 conference in Buenos COP 3 : Kyoto protocol on climate changegtCOP 11 : Montreal It took place between 28 November and 9 December 2005 in Montreal Quebec Canada It was the first Meeting of the Parties CMP 1 to the Kyoto Protocol since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997 It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever gtCOP1 : Minimata convention on mercuryFRAMED FROM MAP SECTION Q340 Consider the following :1 Rajpipla range : Rajasthan2 Suket hills : Himachal Pradesh3 Kali river : DelhiSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 123D 2 amp 3Ans BRajpipla range : GujaratKali river : Source : Doon valley in UttarakhandFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q339 Which of the following is/are true with respect to the petroleum Panchayat yojna 1 It has replaced Pradhan Mantri Ujwal Yojana to deal with issue of safe use of LPG2 It was launched in 20153 Availability of refill cylinders is one of the key feature of this schemeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans DIt was launched in 23rd September 2017It is backup scheme to existing Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana LPG Panchayat will serve as an interactive platform between those who received LPG cylinders under PMUY One panchayat will have around 100 LPG customers of nearby areas The panchayats discuss issues such as safe practices quality of service provided by distributors and availability of refill cylindersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q338 Which among the following species is/are the examples of the Waterfowl 1 Wood Sandpiper2 Little cormorant3 Painted StorkSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans D The most common waterfowl are :Gadwall shoveler common teal cotton teal tufted duck knob-billed duck little cormorant great cormorant Indian shag ruff painted stork white spoonbill Asian open-billed stork oriental ibis darter common sandpiper wood sandpiper and green sandpiper The sarus crane with its spectacular courtship dance is also found hereFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q337 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the Special Drawing Rights 1 These are the foreign-exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the World Bank 2 Private parties are restricted to hold or use them3 South African Rand amp British pound have been added to the XDR basket effectively from October 1 2016Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans DSpecial drawing rights ISO 4217 currency code XDR1 also abbreviated SDR are supplementary foreign-exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund IMF The XDR is the unit of account for the IMF and is not a currency per se2 XDRs instead represent a claim to currency held by IMF member countries for which they may be exchanged3 The XDR was created in 1969 to supplement a shortfall of preferred foreign-exchange reserve assets namely gold and the US dollar3XDRs are allocated to countries by the IMF3 Private parties do not hold or use them4 The amount of XDRs in existence was around XDR 214 billion in August 2009 During the global financial crisis of 2009 an additional XDR 1826 billion were allocated to provide liquidity to the global economic system and supplement member countries’ official reserves By October 2014 the amount of XDRs in existence was XDR 204 billion5The value of the XDR is based on a basket of key international currencies reviewed by IMF every five years3 The weights assigned to each currency in the XDR basket are adjusted to take into account their current prominence in terms of international trade and national foreign exchange reserves3 In the review conducted in November 2015 the IMF decided that the Renminbi Chinese yuan would be added to the basket effective October 1 20166 From that date the XDR basket now consists of the following five currencies: US dollar 4173 Euro 3093 Renminbi Chinese yuan 1092 Japanese yen 833 British pound 809FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q336 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana 1 it is an annual scholarships to children of Standard VI to IX having good academic records only2 Philately as a hobby is an important component of this scheme3 Children must be between 10 to 18 years of age to be eligible for this schemeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D Only 2Ans DDeen Dayal Sparsh YojanaMinister of Communications Shri Manoj Sinha launched a Pan India scholarship program for school children called Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana to increase the reach of Philately Under the scheme of SPARSH Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude amp Research in Stamps as a Hobby it is proposed to award annual scholarships to children of Standard VI to IX having good academic record and also pursuing Philately as a hobby through a competitive selection process in all postal circles Briefing the media after the launch of the scheme Shri Sinha said that under the scheme it is proposed to award 920 scholarships to students pursuing Philately as a hobby Every Postal Circle will select a maximum of 40 scholarships representing 10 students each from Standard VI VII VIII amp IX The amount of Scholarship will be Rs 6000/- per annum Rs 500/- per monthPhilately is the hobby of collection and study of Postage stampsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q335 Which among the following is/are the cryptocurrencies 1 Litecoin2 Bitcoin3 NamecoinSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 123Ans Dcryptocurrencies such as Litecoin Namecoin and PPCoinThe first cryptocurrency to capture the public imagination was Bitcoin which was launched in 2009 by an individual or group known under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto As of September 2015 there were over 146 million bitcoins in circulation with a total market value of 34 billion Bitcoin’s success has spawned a number of competing cryptocurrencies such as Litecoin Namecoin and PPCoinCryptocurrencies make it easier to transfer funds between two parties in a transaction these transfers are facilitated through the use of public and private keys for security purposesThese fund transfers are done with minimal processing fees allowing users to avoid the steep fees charged by most banks and financial institutions for wire transfersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q334 With reference to the news what are Bug Zappers A It is is a bio-remediation technique to get rid of oil spillB These are the fluorescent traps to eliminate bugs amp small insectsC These are the tools or methods to reduce the greenhouse gases D These are the Ultraviolet traps to eliminate various small flying insectsAns DUltraviolet traps called bug zappers are used to eliminate various small flying insects They are attracted to the UV and are killed using an electric shock or trapped once they come into contact with the device FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q333 Which among the following are the migratory wetland species 1 White-bellied Heron2 Siberian Crane3 Red-headed Vulture4 Spoon-billed SandpiperSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 4B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 2 amp 4Ans DMigratory wetland species: Baer’s Pochard Siberian Crane and Spoon-billed Sandpiper Non-migratory wetland species: White-bellied Heron Grassland species:Bengal Florican Great Indian Bustard Jerdon’s Courser and Sociable Lapwing Forest species:Forest Owlet Scavengers: Indian Vulture Red-headed Vulture White-backed Vulture and Slender-billed Vulture Himalayan Quail and Pink-headed Duck are now considered Extinct for all practical purposesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q332 With reference to the CITES what are Appendix II species A species that are listed after one member country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a speciesB species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by tradeC species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade in specimens of such speciesD Species that are preserved under the biosphere reserves to prevent their extinctionAns CAppendix I : species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by tradeAppendix II : species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade in specimens of such speciesAppendix III : species that are listed after one member country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a speciesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q331 What does Hedge Fund means A Funds provided for replacement and renovation of industriesB Open ended funds that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investorsC Start-up capital provided to new entrepreneursD Fund created by the Government of India for enhancing infrastructure financing in the countryAns BHedge Funds :A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets often with complex portfolio-construction and risk-management techniquesIt is administered by a professional investment management firm and often structured as a limited partnership limited liability company or similar vehicleHedge funds are generally distinct from mutual funds as their use of leverage is not capped by regulators and distinct from private equity funds as the majority of hedge funds invest in relatively liquid assetsHedge funds are made available only to certain sophisticated or accredited investors and cannot be offered or sold to the general publicHedge funds are almost always open-ended and allow additions or withdrawals by their investors generally on a monthly or quarterly basis1 The value of an investor’s holding is directly related to the fund net asset valueFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q330 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Vernacular Press Act 1 The Act provided for submitting to police all the proof sheets of contents of papers before publication2 Final decision on the seditious news was to be determined by the Judiciary Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AVernacular press act:It was enacted to curtail the freedom of the Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism toward British policies—notably the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878–80The act was proposed by Lord Lytton then Viceroy of India and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on March 14 1878 The act excluded English-language publications as it was meant to control seditious writing in ‘publications in Oriental languages’ everywhere in the country except for the SouthLord Wellesley regulated the press again in 1799 according to which press had to show and get approval of the government before the publication of any manuscript including advertisement During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the Gagging Act” had been passed by Lord Canning which sought to regulate the establishment of printing presses and to restrain the mad of printed mater All presses had to have a license from the government with distinction between publications in English and other regional languages The Act also held that no printed material shall impugn the motives of the British Raj tending to bring it hatred and contempt and exciting unlawful resistance to its ordersAt the time the Vernacular Press Act was passed there were thirty five vernacular papers in Bengal including the Amrita Bazar Patrika the editor of which was one Sisir Kumar GhoseThe Vernacular Press Act stated that any magistrate or Commissioner of Police had the authority to call upon any printer or publisher of a newspaper to enter into a bond undertaking not to print a certain kind of material and could confiscate any printed material it deemed objectionable The Act provided for submitting to police all the proof sheets of contents of papers before publication What was seditious news was to be determined by the police and not by the judiciaryFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q329 Who among the following is/are associated with the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha 1 G SubramaniaIyer2 Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi3 P AnandacharluSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans BPoona Sarvajanik Sabha:It was a sociopolitical organisation in British India which started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India and to popularise the peasants’ legal rights1 2 It started as an elected body of 95 members elected by 6000 persons on April 2 1870The Pune Sarvajanik Sabha provided many of the prominent leaders of national stature to the Indian freedom struggle including Bal Gangadhar Tilak It was formed in 1870 by S H Chiplunkar Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi Mahadev Govind Ranade et alMany eminent personalities such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gopal Hari Deshmukh Maharshi Annasaheb Patwardhan5 etc served as the Presidents of the organizationMadras Mahajan Sabha:The first organisation in the Madras Presidency to agitate for the rights of Indians was the Madras Native Association which was established by publicist GazuluLakshminarasu Chetty in 1849 This organisation did not survive for long and was eventually disbandedIn May 1884 M Veeraraghavachariar G SubramaniaIyer and P Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana SabhaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q328 Consider the following statements :1 Deposition of iron-rich dust into ocean waters enhances carbon sequestration2 Biochar is added to a landfill or used as a soil improver to create terra preta3 Harvesting of Seeweed is done to generate electricity or as a replacement for natural gasSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DCarbon SequestrationCarbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide1 Carbon sequestration involves long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate or defer global warming It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases which are released by burning fossil fuels artificial capture and sequestration of industrially produced CO2 using subsurface saline aquifers reservoirs ocean water aging oil fields or other carbon sinksCarbon dioxide may be captured as a pure by-product in processes related to petroleum refining or from flue gases from power generation5 CO2 sequestration includes the storage part of carbon capture and storage which refers to large-scale artificial capture and sequestration of industrially produced CO2 using subsurface saline aquifers reservoirs ocean water aging oil fields or other carbon sinksBiosequestration or carbon sequestration through biological processes affects the global carbon cycle Examples include major climatic fluctuations such as the Azolla event which created the current Arctic climate Such processes created fossil fuels as well as clathrate and limestone By manipulating such processes geoengineers seek to enhance sequestrationPeat bogs are a very important carbon store Wetland soil is an important carbon sink 145 of the world’s soil carbon is found in wetlands while only 6 of the world’s land is composed of wetlandsOcean iron fertilization is an example of such a geoengineering technique23 Iron fertilization24 attempts to encourage phytoplankton growth which removes carbon from the atmosphere for at least a period of timeNatural iron fertilisation events eg deposition of iron-rich dust into ocean waters can enhance carbon sequestration The iron rich feces causes phytoplankton to grow and take up more carbon from the atmosphereWhen the phytoplankton dies some of it sinks to the deep ocean and takes the atmospheric carbon with it By reducing the abundance of sperm whales in the Southern Ocean whaling has resulted in an extra 200000 tonnes of carbon remaining in the atmosphere each year’Seaweed grows very fast and can theoretically be harvested and processed to generate biomethane via Anaerobic Digestion to generate electricity via Cogeneration/CHP or as a replacement for natural gas Ideal species for such farming and conversion include Laminaria digitata Fucus serratus and Saccharina latissimaBio-energy with carbon capture and storage BECCS‘BECCS refers to biomass in power stations and boilers that use carbon capture and storageBiochar is charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass waste The resulting material is added to a landfill or used as a soil improver to create terra pretaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q327 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the CITES 1 CITES is the conservation agreement with the largest membership with 183 Parties2 It is legally binding on the PartiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CCITES the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora is an international agreement between governments Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survivalIt was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of IUCNIt provides a framework to be respected by each Party which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national levelFor many years CITES has been among the conservation agreements with the largest membership with now 183 PartiesCITES is legally binding on the PartiesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q326 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Bronze icon of Nataraja 1 The classical form of the depiction appears in stone reliefs by around the 6th-century2 Torso movements are visible as the most common form of Shiva’s dance 3 It typically shows Shiva dancing holding Agni fire in his left back hand the front hand in gajahasta or dandahasta mudraSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 1 amp 3Ans DBronze icon of NatarajaAffiliation Shiva SymbolsAgni TextsAnshumadbhed agamaUttarakamika agamaThe classical form of the depiction appears in stone reliefs as at the Ellora Caves and the Badami Caves by around the 6th-century45 Around the 10th century it emerged in Tamil Nadu in its mature and best-known expression in Chola bronzes of various heights typically less than four feet6 some over7 The Nataraja reliefs have been identified in historic artwork from many parts of South Asia in southeast Asia such as in Bali Cambodia and in central AsiaIt typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the Natya Shastra poses holding Agni fire in his left back hand the front hand in gajahasta or dandahasta mudra the front right hand with a wrapped snake that is in abhaya fear not mudra while pointing to a Sutratext and the back hand holding a musical instrument usually a damaru6 His body fingers ankles neck face head ear lobes and dress are shown decorated with symbolic items which vary with historic period and region111 He is surrounded by a ring of flames standing on a lotus pedestal lifting his left leg or in rare cases the right leg and balancing over a demon shown as a dwarf Apasmara2 or Muyalaka who symbolizes ignoranceThe dance of Shiva in Tillai the traditional name for Chidambaram forms the motif for all the depictions of Shiva as Nataraja He is also known as Sabesan which splits as Sabayil aadum eesan in Tamil which means The Lord who dances on the dais The two most common forms of Shiva’s dance are the Lasya the gentle form of dance associated with the creation of the world and the Tandava the violent and dangerous dance associated with the destruction of weary worldviews – weary perspectives and lifestyles• The arch of fire emerges from two makara on each end which are water creatures of water and part of Hindu mythologies • • The upper right hand holds a small drum shaped like an hourglass that is called a ḍamaru in Sanskrit2728 A specific hand gesture mudra called ḍamaru-hasta Sanskrit for ḍamaru-hand is used to hold the drum• • His legs are bent which suggests an energetic dance• The second left hand points towards the raised foot which suggests the viewer to be active and dance despite the circumstances or alternatively as a sign of upliftment and liberation• • The face shows two eyes plus a slightly open third on the forehead which symbolize the triune in Shaivism The Asanapat inscription also mentions a Shiva temple in the Saivacaryas kingdomStone reliefs depicting the classical form of Nataraja are found in numerous cave temples of India such as the Ellora Caves Maharashtra the Elephanta Caves and the Badami Caves Karnataka by around the 6th-centuryNataraja is celebrated in 108 poses of Bharatanatyam with Sanskrit inscriptions from Natya Shastra at the Nataraja temple in Chidambaram Tamil Nadu IndiaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q325 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana 1 It is a Pension Scheme for the senior citizens aged 70 years and above2 The scheme is exempted from Service Tax/ GST3 On Premature exit 100 of the Purchase Price shall be refundedSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans BPradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana PMVVY is a Pension Scheme announced by the Government of India exclusively for the senior citizens aged 60 years and above which is available from 4th May 2017 to 3rd May 2018Following are the major benefits under the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana PMVVY:• Scheme provides an assured return of 8 pa payable monthly equivalent to 830 pa effective for 10 years• Pension is payable at the end of each period during the policy term of 10 years as per the frequency of monthly/ quarterly/ half-yearly/ yearly as chosen by the pensioner at the time of purchase• The scheme is exempted from Service Tax/ GST• On survival of the pensioner to the end of the policy term of 10 years Purchase price along with final pension installment shall be payable• Loan upto 75 of Purchase Price shall be allowed after 3 policy years to meet the liquidity needs Loan interest shall be recovered from the pension installments and loan to be recovered from claim proceeds• The scheme also allows for premature exit for the treatment of any critical/ terminal illness of self or spouse On such premature exit 98 of the Purchase Price shall be refunded• On death of the pensioner during the policy term of 10 years the Purchase Price shall be paid to the beneficiary• The ceiling of maximum pension is for a family as a whole the family will comprise of pensioner his/her spouse and dependants• The shortfall owing to the difference between the interest guaranteed and the actual interest earned and the expenses relating to administration shall be subsidized by the Government of India and reimbursed to the CorporationEligibility Conditions and Other Restrictions1 Minimum Entry Age: 60 years completed2 Maximum Entry Age: No limit3 Policy Term : 10 years4 Minimum Pension: Rs 1000/- per monthRs 3000/- per quarterRs6000/- per half-yearRs12000/- per year5 Maximum Pension: Rs 5000/- per monthRs 15000/- per quarterRs 30000/- per half-yearRs 60000/- per yearThe modes of pension payment are monthly quarterly half-yearly amp yearly The pension payment shall be through NEFT or Aadhaar Enabled Payment SystemThe first instalment of pension shall be paid after 1 year 6 months 3 months or 1 month from the date of purchase of the same depending on the mode of pension payment ie yearly half-yearly quarterly or monthly respectivelyFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ324 With reference to the incarnation of the Buddhas what does Ruru Jataka signifies A It is the tale of the three friends who lived in a forest: an antelope a woodpecker and a tortoiseB It is the story of The dumb Prince that is also known as Muga Pakaya JatakaC In this jataka tale the Buddha in a previous incarnation as a monkey king self-sacrifyinly offers his own body as a bridge by which his fellow monkeys can escape from a human king who is attacking themD is the story of how a past incarnation of the Buddha incarnated as a golden deer rescues a merchant from drowning in the riverAns DMahakapi Jataka : In this jataka tale the Buddha in a previous incarnation as a monkey king self-sacrifyinly offers his own body as a bridge by which his fellow monkeys can escape from a human king who is attacking them Ruru Jataka :The Ruru Jataka is the story of how a past incarnation of the Buddha incarnated as a golden deer rescues a merchant from drowning in the river bottom of medallionKurunga Miga Jataka :This story is about three friends who lived in a forest: an antelope a woodpecker and a tortoise Muga Pakaya Jataka/ Mugapakkha Jataka/ Temiya Jataka : This is the story of The dumb PrinceFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ323 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the GSF certification Gold standard foundation certificate 1 It is a standard for creating high-quality emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism CDM2 It was developed in 2003 by World Wide Fund for Nature WWF and Helio International onlySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D GSF Gold standard foundation certificate certificationThe Gold Standard is a standard for creating high-quality emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism CDM Joint Implementation JI and Voluntary Carbon Market It was designed to ensure that carbon credits are not only real and verifiable but that they make measurable contributions to sustainable development worldwide Its objective is to add branding a label to existing and new Carbon Credits generated by projects which can then be bought and traded by countries that have a binding legal commitment according to the Kyoto ProtocolThe Gold Standard for CDM GS CER was developed in 2003 by World Wide Fund for Nature WWF SouthSouthNorth and Helio International The Voluntary Gold StandardGS VER a methodology for use within the voluntary carbon market was launched in May 2006To be eligible for Gold Standard Certification a project must:1 Be an approved Renewable Energy Supply or End use Energy Efficiency Improvement project type2 Be reducing one of the three eligible Green House Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4 and Nitrous Oxide N2O3 Not employ Official Development Assistance ODA under the condition that the credits coming out of the project are transferred to the donor country4 Not be applying for other certifications to ensure there is no double counting of credits5 Demonstrate its additionality by using the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s UNFCCC Large Scale Additionality Tool6 and show that the project is not a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario6 Make a net-positive contribution to the economic environmental and social welfare of the local population that hosts itFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ322 Consider the following statements :1 Barail range is an eastern extension of the Himalayan Range System in north eastern India2 The Garo Khasi and Jaintia hills are part of Deccan Plateau and not part of the Purvanchal rangeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CBarail range :The Purvanchal Mountains or Eastern Mountains are a sub-mountain range of the Himalayas in northeast IndiaThe Purvanchal Mountains cover the states of Assam Arunachal Pradesh Manipur Tripura Nagaland Meghalaya and MizoramThe range is an eastern extension of the Himalayan Range System in north eastern India It bends sharply to the south beyond the Dihang River gorge and spreads along the eastern boundary of India with Myanmar The Purvanchal range includes the hill ranges of the Patkai Barail range Manipur Mizoram Mizodisambiguation needed and Naga HillsThe Garo Khasi and Jaintia hills are part of Deccan Plateau and not part of the Purvanchal rangeFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ321 Which among the following protocols employed the principle of differential treatment in respect to climate change 1 Washington Naval Treaty2 Cartagena Protocol3 Part IV of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATTSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ACommon but Differentiated responsibilities amp respective capabilities :Common But Differentiated Responsibilities CBDR was formalized in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC of Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992 It was the first international legal instrument to address climate change and the most comprehensive international attempt to address negative impacts to global environment3 CBDR principle acknowledges all states have shared obligation to address environmental destruction but denies equal responsibility of all states with regard to environmental protectionCBDR is based on relationship between industrialization and climate changeCBDR was not the first differential treatments of countries in international agreements There were other protocols agreements that employed principle of differential treatment• Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer Montreal Protocol• • Washington Naval Treaty• Part IV of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT 19799• principle 23 of Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ320 Recently a national park has been set up in the Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary where clouded leopards are kept in enclosures in a zoological park Where this wildlife sanctuary is located A MeghalayaB TripuraC SikkimD Arunachal PradeshAns BFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ319 Recently in the news there was a term Superbugs What is this A These are the microorganism that are essential for the vital functions of the bodyB These are the enzymes that makes bacteria resistant to broad range of beta-lactam antibioticsC These are the bacteria that causes infection which is difficult to treatD These are the super weeds that are essential in the treatment of less fertile soilsAns CNew Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections The gene for NDM-1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes beta-lactamase enzymes called carbapenemases Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as superbugs because infections caused by them are difficult to treat Such bacteria are usually susceptible only to polymyxins and tigecyclineThe most common bacteria that make this enzyme are gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae but the gene for NDM-1 can spread from one strain of bacteria to another by horizontal gene transferFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ318 With reference to the ancient Pandu caves consider the following statements:1 These caves depicts the characters of the Pandavas of the Mahabharata epic2 They are a significant group of Indian rock-cut architecture representing the Hinayana tradition 3 These are a group of 22 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CESelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans BPandav Caves:Pandu Caves or Trirashmi Leni Leni being a Marathi word for caves are a group of 24 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CE though additional sculptures were added up to about the 6th century reflecting changes in Buddhist devotional practicesThey are a significant group of early examples of Indian rock-cut architecture initially representing the so-called Hinayana tradition Most of the caves are viharas except for Cave 18 which is a chaitya of the 1st century BCEThe location of the caves is a holy Buddhist site and is located about 8 km south of the center of Nashik or Nasik Maharashtra IndiaTheir name has nothing to do with the characters Pandavas characters in the Mahabharata epicFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ317 For which among the following purpose National Water Resource Council has been constituted A It is an international thin tank established in 1996 to promote awareness build political commitment and trigger action on critical water issues at all levelsB To advise the Prime Minister on expenditure of the Australian Government Water Fund between 2004 and 2010C To resolve the water disputes that would arise in the use control and distribution of an interstate riverD It is a non-profit organization that drives economic technology and talent development to support the global water industryAns BNational Water Resource CouncilDissolved 25 November 2014Jurisdiction Commonwealth of AustraliaHeadquarters Turner Australian Capital Territory Motto Australia’s independent voice on national water issuesEmployees 48The key function that the Commission provided was to advise the Prime Minister on expenditure of the Australian Government Water Fund between 2004 and 2010 FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA :FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ316 Who among the following are the members of the Western Pacific Naval Symposium 1 India2 China3 Malaysia4 Australia5 JapanSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 245B 1345C 2345D All are correctAns CThe Western Pacific Naval Symposium are a series of biennial meetings of the Pacific nations to discuss naval matters held on even numbered years A WPNS workshop is held on odd numbered years in between the symposiumsMember countries as of 2010: Australia Brunei Cambodia Canada Chile France Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peoples’ Republic of China Philippines Republic of Korea Russia Singapore Thailand Tonga United States of America Vietnam Observers: Bangladesh India Mexico PeruFRAMED FROM GK TODAY MAGAZINEQ315 Who among the following is/are the members of the Boao Forum for Asia BFA 1 China2 India3 FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of CommerceSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans AIt is a non-profit organisation that hosts high-level forums for leaders from government business and academia in Asia and other continents to share their vision on the most pressing issues in this dynamic region and the world at large BFA is modeled after the World Economic Forum held annually in Davos SwitzerlandThe Forum is committed to promoting regional economic integration and bringing Asian countries even closer to their development goals FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA :FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ314 Terai Arc Landscape program aims to protect which among the following terrestrial flagship species 1 African elephant2 Great Horned Rhinoceros3 Asian Elephant4 Golden LionSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B 234C Only 2 amp 3D 124Ans CTerai Arc Landscape Program:The program aims to protect three of the five terrestrial flagship species the tiger the Asian elephant and the great one-horned rhinoceros by restoring corridors of forest to link 13 protected areas of Nepal and India to enable wildlife migrationFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ313 What is crowdfunding A Money collected for public welfare projects by levying an entry fee to exhibitions shows etcB Money collected by charitable organisations by placing a donation box at a prominent locationsC Money raised by innovators amp inventors by launching their products amp services through the internetD Money raised by individuals by passing the hat around to onlookers at a street performanceAns CCrowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising many small amounts of money from a large number of people typically via the Internet1 Crowdfunding is a form of crowdsourcing and of alternative finance In 2015 it was estimated that worldwide over US34 billion was raised this waythe term crowdfunding refers to Internet-mediated registries This modern crowdfunding model is generally based on three types of actors: the project initiator who proposes the idea and/or project to be funded individuals or groups who support the idea and a moderating organization the platform that brings the parties together to launch the idea Crowdfunding has been used to fund a wide range of for-profit entrepreneurial ventures such as artistic and creative projects medical expenses travel or community-oriented social entrepreneurship projectsWar bonds are theoretically a form of crowdfunding military conflictsThe Crowdfunding Centre’s May 2014 report identified two primary types of crowdfunding:1 Rewards crowdfunding: entrepreneurs presell a product or service to launch a business concept without incurring debt or sacrificing equity/shares2 Equity crowdfunding: the backer receives shares of a company usually in its early stages in exchange for the money pledgedFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ312 The meaning of carbon footprint is described by the amount of :A Carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual organization or communityB Greenhouse gases emitted by industries contributing to global warmingC Carbon emissions released by the burning of jet fuelD Increase in the carbon content of the atmosphere due to the felling of treesAns AA carbon footprint is historically defined as the total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual event organisation or product expressed as carbon dioxide equivalentA measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4 emissions of a defined population system or activity considering all relevant sources sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population system or activity of interest Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent using the relevant 100-year global warming potentialGWP100Carbon footprint is one of a family of footprint indicators which also includes water footprint and land footprint• 4Indirect carbon emissions: the carbon footprints of productso 41Foodo 42Textileso 43Materialso 44Cement• 5Schemes to reduce carbon emissions: Kyoto Protocol carbon offsetting and certificatesCarbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and the emissions of other GHGs are often associated with the burning of fossil fuels like natural gas crude oil and coal The Kyoto Protocol defines legally binding targets and timetables for cutting the GHG emissions of industrialized countries that ratified the Kyoto Protocol Accordingly from an economic or market perspective one has to distinguish between a mandatory market and a voluntary market Typical for both markets is the trade with emission certificates:• Certified Emission Reduction CER• Emission Reduction Unit ERU• Verified Emission Reduction VERlocal emissions reduction schemes have no status under the Kyoto Protocol itself they play a prominent role in creating the demand for CERs and ERUs stimulating Emissions Trading and setting a market price for emissionsFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ311 Non-performing Assets decline in value when 1 Demand revives in the economy 2 capacity utilization increases3 Capacity utilization through substantive is yet optimal4 Capacity utilization decreases consequent upon merger of unitsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B 124C 123D 1234Ans CA Non-performing asset NPA is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/or installment of principal has remained ‘past due’ for a specified period of time In simple terms an asset is tagged as non performing when it ceases to generate income for the lenderA Non-performing asset NPA is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/or installment of Bond finance principal has remained ‘past due’ for a specified period of time NPA is used by financial institutions that refer to loans that are in jeopardy of default the so called NPL Once the borrower has failed to make interest or principal payments for 90 days the loan is considered to be a non-performing asset Non-performing assets are problematic for financial institutions since they depend on interest payments for income Troublesome pressure from the economy can lead to a sharp increase in NPLs and often results in massive write-downsAccordingly with effect from March 31 2004 a non-performing asset NPAis a loan or an advance where• Interest and/or installment of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 91 days in respect of a term loan• The account remains ‘out of order’ for a period of more than 90 days in respect of an Overdraft/Cash Credit OD/CC• The bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted• Interest and/or installment of principal remains overdue for two harvest seasons but for a period not exceeding two half years in the case of an advance granted for agricultural purposes and• Any amount to be received remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of other accounts• Non submission of Stock Statements for 3 Continuous Quarters in case of Cash Credit Facility• No active transactions in the account Cash Credit/Over Draft/EPC/PCFC for more than 91daysFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ310 Which of the following concepts are relatable to income of members of the public while considering public welfare 1 Sensitivity of demand2 Elasticity of demand3 Sensitive of expenditure 4 Elasticity of expenditureA 1 amp 2B 2 amp 3C 3 amp 4D 1 amp 4Ans BFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ309 Consider the following statements :1 Foods containing carotene Vitamin A or cooking oils are safe to be cooked in a microwave2 Thermocol plates are poor barrier to oxygen and water vapor and has a relatively high melting pointSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThermocol plates:-It is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene Polystyrene can be solid or foamed General-purpose polystyrene is clear hard and rather brittle It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight It is a rather poor barrier to oxygen and water vapor and has a relatively low melting pointPolystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics the scale of its production being several million tonnes per yearPolystyrene can be naturally transparent but can be colored with colorants Uses include protective packaging such as packing peanuts and CD and DVD cases containers such as clamshells lids bottles trays tumblers disposable cutlery5 and in the making of modelsPolystyrene is very slow to biodegrade and is therefore a focus of controversy among environmentalists It is increasingly abundant as a form of litter in the outdoor environment particularly along shores and waterways especially in its foam form and also in increasing quantities in the Pacific OceanPolystyrene is chemically very inert being resistant to acids and bases but is easily dissolved by many chlorinated solvents and many aromatic hydrocarbon solvents Because of its resilience and inertness it is used for fabricating many objects of commerce It is attacked by many organic solvents which dissolve the polymer Foamed polystyrene is used for packaging chemicalsLike all organic compounds polystyrene burns to give carbon dioxide and water vapor Polystyrene being an aromatic hydrocarbon typically combusts incompletely as indicated by the sooty flamePolystyrene is generally non-biodegradable Polystyrene is commonly used in containers for food and drinks The styrene monomer from which polystyrene is made is a cancer suspect agentAnother Japanese study conducted on wild-type and AhR-null mice found that the styrene trimer which the authors detected in cooked polystyrene container-packed instant foods may increase thyroid hormone levelsWhether polystyrene can be microwaved with food is controversial Some containers may be safely used in a microwave but only if labelled as such67 Some sources suggest that foods containing carotene Vitamin A or cooking oils must be avoidedLike other organic compounds polystyrene is flammableFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ308 Bio-ethanol can be produced from which of the following feedstocks 1 Bagasses2 Sorghum3 Sugar beetSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DBio-Ethanol:Ethanol can be produced from a variety of feedstocks such as sugar cane bagasse miscanthus sugar beet sorghum grain switchgrass barley hemp kenaf potatoes sweet potatoes cassava sunflower fruit molasses corn stover grain wheat straw cotton Two types of second generation processes are under development The first type uses enzymes and yeast fermentation to convert the plant cellulose into ethanol while the second type uses pyrolysis to convert the whole plant to either a liquid bio-oil or a syngas Second generation processes can also be used with plants such as grasses wood or agricultural waste material such as strawBy-products such as straw or wood chips can be converted to ethanol Fast growing species like switchgrass can be grown on land not suitable for other cash crops and yield high levels of ethanol per unit areaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ307 Which among the following has been classified under the category of Eurythermal organism 1 Red Algae2 Coral reefs3 Golden brown AlgaeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 2 amp 3Ans AEurythermal organisms:Which can tolerate amp thrive in wide range of temperaturesEx: Cat Dog Tiger Red Algae Golden brown Algae Angiosperms sea GrassCryophillic organisms:Which can thrive at lower temperature as low as zero degree centigradeSeals Coral reefs Arctic Crustaceans Salmon FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ306 As per Kyoto Protocol agreement which among the following is/are the parties of Annex-I Countries 1 Kazakhstan2 Belarus3 TurkeySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 3D 123Ans BBelarus Malta and Turkey are Annex I Parties but do not have first-round Kyoto targetsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ305 Consider the following :1 Bastar Iron Craft : Chhatisgarh2 Screw Pine handicraft : Odisha3 Pipili Aplique Work : KeralaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 3D Only 1Ans DBastar Iron Craft : ChhatisgarhScrew Pine handicraft : KeralaPipili Aplique Work : OdishaFROM CAPFQ304 Which of the following was/were not related to the Buddha’s life 1 Kanthaka2 Alara Kalama3 Channa4 Goshala MaskariputraWhich among the above statements is/are correct A Only 1B Only 4C 1 amp 2D 3 amp 4AnsBFROM CAPFQ303 With reference to the Wavell plan consider the following provisions :1 Under this plan India was granted dominion status2 Indians would themselves draft the constitution3 Position of secretary of state amp viceroy would remain the same4 Viceroy would retain the power of vetoWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 134B 234C Only 1 amp 4D 1234Ans DThese proposals were not to be applied to the Indian statesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q302 Which among the following is/are the examples of the Invasive Species 1 Water Hyacinth2 Wild rose3 Mimosa InvisaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe invasive water hyacinth is very common often choking the water bodies but it is cleared during destructive floods Another invasive species Mimosa invisa which is toxic to herbivores was cleared by Kaziranga staff with help from the Wildlife Trust of India in 2005Invasive species such as Mimosa and wild rose have posed a threat to the native plants in the regionFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q301 Consider the following :1 Ambubachi mela : Assam2 Anthurium Festival : Manipur3 Kut-Festival : MizoramSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans B1 Ambubachi mela : Assam2 Anthurium Festival : Mizoram3 Kut-Festival : Manipur It is an autumn festival of the different tribes of Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups of Manipur FROM IES 2018 PRELIMS Q300 Consider the following statements :Consider the following statements :1 IPDS strengthens the distribution network in urban areas while DDUGJY does the same in rural areas2 DELP focuses to substitute LED bulbs for incandescent bulbs Which of the following statements is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns C Integrated Power Development Scheme IPDS with the objectives of: 1 Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution network in the urban areas 2 Metering of distribution transformers /feeders / consumers in the urban areas 3 IT enablement of distribution sector and strengthening of distribution network as per CCEA approval dated 21062013 for completion of targets laid down under Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme RAPDRP for 12th and 13th Plans by carrying forward the approved outlay for RAPDRP to IPDS The scheme will help in reduction in ATampC losses establishment of IT enabled energy accounting / auditing system improvement in billed energy based on metered consumption and improvement in collection efficiency Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana: is a Government of India scheme designed to provide continuous power supply to rural India1 The initiative is named in honor of Indian political philosopher Deen Dayal Upadhyaya It is one of the key initiatives of the NDA government 2014-2019 The government plans to invest ₹756 billion US12 billion for rural electrification under this scheme The scheme will replace the existing Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana RGGVY2 The DDUGJY scheme : It will enable to initiate much awaited reforms in the rural areas It focuses on feeder separation rural households amp agricultural and strengthening of sub-transmission amp distribution infrastructure including metering at all levels in rural areas The deadline for the Centre’s rural electrification programme is May 2018 Keeping in view the above problems Ministry of Power Government of India has launched Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana for rural areas having following objectives: To provide electrification to all villages Feeder separation to ensure sufficient power to farmers and regular supply to other consumers Improvement of Sub-transmission and distribution network to improve the quality and reliability of the supply Metering to reduce the losses Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme DELP: The scheme was announced as Domestic Efficient Lighting Programme DELP on 5 January 2015 urging the people to use LED bulbs in place of incandescent bulbs tube lights and CFL bulbs as they are more efficient long lasting and economical in their life cycle duration The government’s target is to replace 77 crore incandescent bulbs in India with LEDs by 2019 leading to an expected reduction in installed load of 20000 MW with an annual estimated savings of over 100 million kwh and an annual reduction of ₹400 billion US63 billion in electricity bills Bachat Lamp Yojana was a launched by the government of India on 25 February 2009 to reduce the cost of compact fluorescent lamps CFLs ie energy saving lights sold to consumers FROM IES 2018 PRELIMS Q299 Government of India had introduced Consumer protection Bill 2015 The bill gives the right to consumers to:1 seek redressal against unfair or restrictive trade practices2File a complaint for overcharging or deceptive chargingWhich of the above is/are included in the bill A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns C The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 was enacted to provide protection of the interests of consumers and for the purpose of establishment of consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumer disputes and for matter connected therewith The said Act was amended three times to make the act more effective but even then there were a few lacunas and nuances that were not incorporated Several shortcomings have been noticed while administering the various provisions of the said Act The new Consumer Protection Bill 2015 that has been introduced in the monsoon session of parliament seeks to replace the old act The primary motivation to replace the older law with a new one is to modernise the law with respect to the development of new markets and to further widen the ambit and a scope of the law to incorporate nuances so that the big companies cannot use them as loop holes to exploit the consumers and to further increase the accountability of the said companies The new bill seeks to make manufacturers liable for any injury attributed to the consumer or death of a consumer or property damage and get them sentenced for life FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ298 Which among the following comes under the classification of Microfauna 1 Bacteria2 Protozoa3 Fungi4 MitesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 4B 134C 234D 2 amp 4Ans D-Microflora : Bacteria Fungi Actinomycetes Microscopic Algae-Microfauna : Protozoans Rotifers Polycads Nematodes Mites Copepods 20-200 micronFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ297 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the FDI 1 Overseas corporate bodies OCB are disallowed to invest in India2 Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares3 After 2010 Permission of upto 49 FDI under the government automatic approval route in multi brand retailing subject to specified conditions has been allowed under FDI policy changesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans D- Broadly foreign direct investment includes mergers and acquisitions building new facilities reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intra company loans In a narrow sense foreign direct investment refers just to building new facility a lasting management interest 10 percent or more of voting stock in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investorFDI is the sum of equity capital other long-term capital and short-term capital as shown the balance of payments FDI usually involves participation in management joint-venture transfer of technology and expertise Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of sharesTypes of FDI1 Horizontal FDI arises when a firm duplicates its home country-based activities at the same value chain stage in a host country through FDI 2 Platform FDI Foreign direct investment from a source country into a destination country for the purpose of exporting to a third country3 Vertical FDI takes place when a firm through FDI moves upstream or downstream in different value chains ie when firms perform value-adding activities stage by stage in a vertical fashion in a host countryForeign direct investment incentives may take the following forms:• low corporate tax and individual income tax rates• tax holidays• other types of tax concessions• preferential tariffs• special economic zones• EPZ – Export Processing Zones• Bonded warehouses• Maquiladoras• investment financial subsidies8• free land or land subsidies• relocation amp expatriation• infrastructure subsidies• RampD support• Energy• derogation from regulations usually for very large projectsForeign investment was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act FEMA driven by then finance minister Manmohan Singh India disallowed overseas corporate bodies OCB to invest in India India imposes cap on equity holding by foreign investors in various sectors current FDI in aviation and insurance sectors is limited to a maximum of 49FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ296 Which among the following is/are the examples of the floating plants 1 Azolla2 Utricularia3 WolfiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 1 amp 3Ans DFloating Plants : Wolfia Lemna Azolla EichhorniaSubmerged Plants : Ceratophylum Utricularia NajasRooted -Floated Plants : Sagitaria Ranunculus CyperusFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ295 Which among the following is/are the producers of an ecosystem 1 Sea weeds2 Algae3 BryophytesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 3D 123Ans DProducers of an ecosystem :Algae Bryophyte Pteridophytes Flowering plants Some photosynthetic bacteriaSea weeds are producers in marine ecosystemFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ294 With reference to the news which among the following is/are correct with respect to the SAWEN 1 It is regional inter-governmental wildlife law enforcement support body launched in 20132 All the south Asian countries are the members of the SAWEN regional networkSelect the correct answers using the code given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DSAWEN is regional inter-governmental wildlife law enforcement support body launched in January 2011 in Paro Bhutan It aims at working collectively as a strong regional inter-governmental body to combat wildlife crime by attainting common mutual goals and approaches for combating illegal trade in the region SAWEN’s regional network comprises of eight South Asia countries: Afghanistan India Pakistan Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Sri Lanka and MaldivesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ293 Which of the following is correct A Guindy national park is known for tiger reserveB Namdapha national park is meant for lion conservationC Jaldapara is a biosphere reserveD Rann of Kutch is wild ass sanctuaryAns DGuindy National Park is a 270 km2 104 sq mi Protected area of Tamil Nadu located in Chennai South India is the 8th smallest National Park of India and one of the very few national parks situated inside a city -There are over 14 species of mammals including blackbuck chital or spotted deer jackal small Indian civet common palm civet bonnet macaque hyena pangolin hedgehog common mongoose and three-striped palm squirrel Guindy Snake Park formerly the location of Madras Crocodile Bank Trust is next to the Guindy National ParkJaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary is a national park situated at the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in Alipurduar District of northern West Bengal and on the banks of the Torsa River The nearby Chilapata Forests is an elephant corridor between Jaldapara and the Buxa Tiger Reserve4 Near by is the Gorumara National Park known for its population of Indian rhinocerosToto tribes and Mech Tribes Bodos used to stay in this area before 1800 Namdapha National Park is the largest protected area in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot and is located in Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India It is also the third largest national park in India in terms of area It is located in the Eastern Himalayan sub-region and is recognized as one of the richest areas in biodiversity in IndiaThe area is also known for extensive Dipterocarpforests comprising the northwestern parts of the ecoregion of Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forestsNamdapha and Pakke Tiger Reserve are in a region which is the eastern limit of the Bengal tiger’s and thenorth-western limit of the Indochinese tiger’s rangeNon-human primates present include stump-tailed macaque slow loris hoolock gibbon capped langur Assamese macaque and rhesus macaqueThe Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh located in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat India and the Sindhprovince of Pakistan The Ghaggar River which presently empties into the desert of northern Rajasthan formerly emptied into the Rann of Kutch but the lower reaches of the river dried up as its upstream tributaries were captured by the Indus and Ganges thousands of years ago FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ292 Which among the following has been accorded UNESCO World heritage status 1 Serengeti national park2 Sanctuary of Machu Picchu3 Arabian Oryx sanctuarySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D Only 1Ans CUNESCO WORLD HERITAGE STATUSA World Heritage Site is an already classified landmark which by way of being unique in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable piece is of special cultural or physical significance such as either due to hosting an ancient ruins or some historical structure building city complex desert forest island lake monument or mountain The list is maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee composed of 21 UNESCO member states which are elected by the UN General Assembly2A single text was agreed on by all parties and the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 November 1972The Convention came into force on 17 December 1975 As of May 2017 it has been ratified by 193 states parties including 189 UN member states plus the Cook Islands the Holy See Niue and the Palestinian territories Only four UN member states have not ratified the Convention: Liechtenstein Nauru Somalia and TuvaluThe Committee meets once per year to determine whether or not to inscribe each nominated property on the World Heritage List and sometimes defers or refers the decision to request more information from the country which nominated the site There are ten selection criteria – a site must meet at least one of them to be included on the listSerengeti National Park an example of natural heritage siteTaj Mahal an example of cultural heritage siteHistoric Sanctuary of Machu Picchu an example of mixed heritage siteOnly two sites have ever been delisted: the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman and the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ291 Consider the following tribes :State / Region Tribes1 Minicoy : Dhivehis2 Andaman Islands : Jangil3 Meghalaya : JaintiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans DEthnic groups of Meghalaya :Ethnic groups 2011 :• Khasi: 50• Garo: 275• Bengali: 14• Nepali: 526• Koch: 18• Jaintia: 25• Hajong: 28• Biate: 11• Tiwa Lalung: 12• Kuki: 043• Shaikh: 03• Other: 933-By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups there were estimated 7000 Andamanese divided into the following major groups:• Great Andamanese• Jarawa• Jangil or Rutland Jarawa• Onge• SentineleseMinicoy :Minicoy locally known as Maliku is an island in Lakshadweep India Along with Viringili it is on Maliku atoll the southernmost atoll of Lakshadweep archipelago Administratively it is a census town in the Indian union territory of LakshadweepMinicoy is the second largest and the southernmost among the islands of the Lakshadweep archipelago It is located 201 km to the SSW of Kalpeni at the southern end of the Nine Degree Channel and 125 km to the north of Thuraakunu Maldives at the northern end of the Eight Degree ChannelMaliku Kandu is the traditional name of the broad channel between Minicoy Maliku and Ihavandippulhu Haa Alif Atoll in the Maldives In the Admiralty Charts it is called Eight Degree ChannelOther names for this channel are Addigiri Kandu and Māmalē Kandu It appeared in old French maps with the name Courant de MalicutMinicoy has a tropical savanna climate Köppen climate classification Aw with warm temperatures throughout the year Precipitation falls during most of the year only January to March are relatively dry The people of Minicoy are ethnically Dhivehis and make up the third subgroup of Dhivehis referred as Mahls Thuraakunu in the Maldives is the closest island to Minicoy The bodun owned land and bandu-odies merchant ships they were the vering rulers The niamin were pilots of the Bandu-odies and while on shore assisted the bodun in administrative and other leadership functions they were custodians of property and supervised public work The medhukimbin and the raaverin were working classes the medhukimbin enjoying a status higher than the raaverin The raaverin tapped coconut palms for toddy a distinctive beverage converted into sweet palm syrup Coconut vinegar known as raahuiiy was also produced by the raaverinFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ290 Which among the following species is/ are the part of the Keibul lamjao National Park 1 Sangai2 Brown-antlered deer3 stump-tailed macaqueSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DFauna recorded in the precincts of the Lake in the Keibul Lamjo National Park are the Indian python sambar barking deer the endangered sangai species of Eld’s deer wild bear Muntiacus muntjak rhesus monkey hoolock gibbon stump-tailed macaque Indian civet Viverra zibetha marbled cat and Temminck’s golden catThe Keibul Lamjao National Park is the last natural refuge of the endangered sangai state animalRucervus eldii eldii or Manipur brown-antlered deer Cervus eldi eldi one of three subspecies of Eld’s deerFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ289 Who among the following is/are the members of the Indian Statistical Institute 1 President of India 2 Representatives of Government of India 3 Prime Minister of India Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 1 amp 2Ans CIndian Statistical Institute ISI is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliamentPrimary activities of ISI are research and training of Statistics development of theoretical Statistics and its applications in various natural and social sciences Originally affiliated with the University of Calcutta the institute was declared an institute of national importance in 1959 through an act of Indian parliament Indian Statistical Institute act 1959 ISI functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation MOSPI of the Government of IndiaMembers of this council include the President of ISI the Chairman of ISI representatives of the Government of India including one representative of RBI scientists not employed in ISI including one representative from the Planning Commission of India and one representative of the UGC representatives of scientific and non-scientific workers of ISI and representative from academic staff of ISI including the Director of ISI and the Dean of Studies of ISIThe second five-year plan of India was a brainchild of Mahalanobis The plan followed the Mahalanobis model an economic development model developed by Mahalanobis in 1953 The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of investment between productive sectors in order to maximise long-run economic growth FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ288 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the Bureau of Indian Standards 1It is the national Standards Body of India working under the Ministry of Commerce2 As a corporate body it has 21 members drawn from Central or State Governments only3 BIS is a founder member of International Organisation for Standardization ISOSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 2C Only 3D 123Ans CThe Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is the national Standards Body of India working under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs Food amp Public Distribution Government of India It is established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986 which came into effect on 23 December 19862 The Minister in charge of the Ministry or Department having administrative control of the BIS is the ex-officio President of the BISAs a corporate body it has 25 members drawn from Central or State Governments industry scientific and research institutions and consumer organisations Its headquarters are in New Delhi with regional offices in Kolkata Chennai Mumbai Chandigarh and Delhiand 20 branch offices It also works as WTO-TBT enquiry point for IndiaBIS is a founder member of International Organisation for Standardization ISOIt represents India in the International Organization for Standardization ISO the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC and the World Standards Service Network WSSNProduct Certifications are to be obtained voluntarily For some of the products like Milk powder Drinking Water LPG Cylinders Thermometers etc certification is mandatory Because these products are concerned with health and safetyNational Institute of Training for Standardization NITSIt is a training institute of BIS which is set up in 1995 It is functioning from Noida Uttar Pradesh India7The primary activities of NITS are:-• In-House and Open Training Programme for Industry• International Training Programme for Developing Countries Commonwealth countries• Training Programme to its employeesIndian Standards Bill 2015The main objectives of the proposed legislation are:-• To establish the Bureau of Indian standardsBIS as the National Standards Body of India• The Bureau to perform its functions through a governing council which will consist of President and other members• To include goods services and systems besides articles and processes under the standardization regime• To enable the government to bring under the mandatory certification regime for such articles processes or service which it considers necessary from the point of view of health safety environment prevention of deceptive practices consumer security etc This will help consumers receive ISI certified products and will also help in prevention of import of sub-standard products• To allow multiple types of simplified conformity assessment schemes including self-declaration of conformity SDOC against any standard which will give multiple simplified options to manufacturers to adhere to standards and get a certificate of conformity thus improving the ‘ease of doing business’• To enable the Central Government to appoint any authority in addition to the Bureau of Indian Standards to verify the conformity of products and services to a standard and issue certificate of conformity• To enable the Government to implement mandatory hallmarking of precious metals articles• To strengthen penal provisions for better effective compliance and enable compounding of offences for violations• To provide recall including product liability of products bearing the Standard Mark but not conforming to relevant Indian Standards• Repeal of the BIS Act of 1986• The Bureau of Indian Standards Act 2016 received the assent of the President on 21 March 2016FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ287 For which of the following products ISO certification is mandatory 1 Thermometers2 Drinking water3 LPG CylindersSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DProduct Certifications are to be obtained voluntarily For some of the products like Milk powder Drinking Water LPG Cylinders Thermometers etc certification is mandatory Because these products are concerned with health and safetyFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ286 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the 24-D 24-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 1 In agriculture it is the first herbicide found to be capable of selectively killing of crops apart from weeds2 Mostly grasses such as cereals lawn turf and grassland relatively unaffected by this herbicideSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B24-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid usually called 24-D is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3 It is a systemic herbicide which selectively kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth in them but leaves most grasses such as cereals lawn turf and grassland relatively unaffected It can be found in numerous commercial lawn herbicide mixtures and is widely used as a weedkiller on cereal crops pastures and orchards 24-D was one of the ingredients in Agent Orange a herbicide widely used during the Vietnam War24-D is primarily used as a selective herbicide which kills many terrestrial and aquatic broadleaf weeds but not grasses It acts by mimicking the action of the plant growth hormone auxin which results in uncontrolled growth and eventually death in susceptible plants In agriculture it was the first herbicide found to be capable of selectively killing weeds but not crops It is often used by government agencies to control the spread of invasive noxious and non-native weed species and prevent them from crowding out native species and also to control many poisonous weeds such as poison ivy and poison oakMen who work with 24-D are at risk for abnormally shaped sperm and thus fertility problems Residue levels in kidney were the highest24-D is a synthetic auxin which is a class of plant hormones FRAMED FROM TIMES OF INDIAQ285 MIBOR rate is used as a bench mark rate for which of the following 1 Demand deposits 2 Forward rate agreements3 Term depositsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans BThe MIBID/MIBOR rate is used as a bench mark rate for majority of deals struck for Interest Rate Swaps Forward Rate Agreements Floating Rate Debentures and Term DepositsMIBOR – Mumbai Inter-Bank Offer RateThe Committee for the Development of the Debt Market that had studied and recommended the modalities for the development for a benchmark rate for the call money market Accordingly NSE had developed and launched the NSE Mumbai Inter-bank Bid Rate MIBID and NSE Mumbai Inter-bank Offer Rate MIBOR for the overnight money market on June 15 1998 FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ284 Consider the following :1 Ambubachi mela : Assam2 Anthurium Festival : Arunachal Pradesh3 Kut festival : MizoramSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans BAmbubachi mela : AssamAnthurium Festival : MizoramKut-Festival Of Kuki-Chin-Mizo:It is an autumn festival of the different tribes of Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups of Manipur FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ283 Which among the following reports are released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD 1 Trade and Development Report2 World development report3 World investment reportSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C Only 2D 1 amp 3Ans DThe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental bodyUNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade investment and development issues The organization’s goals are to: maximize the trade investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basisThe conference ordinarily meets once in four years the permanent secretariat is in GenevaThe United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established to provide a forum where the developing countries could discuss the problems relating to their economic development Currently UNCTAD has 194 member states and is headquartered in Geneva Switzerland UNCTAD has 400 staff members and a bi-annual 2010–2011 regular budget of 138 million in core expenditures and 72 million in extra-budgetary technical assistance funds It is a member of the United Nations Development Group2 There are non-governmental organizations participating in the activities of UNCTADUNCTAD produces a number of topical reports including:• The Trade and Development Report• The Trade and Environment Review• The World Investment Report• The Economic Development in Africa Report• The Least Developed Countries Report• UNCTAD Statistics• The Information Economy Report• The Review of Maritime Transport• The International Accounting and Reporting Issues Annual Review• The Technology and Innovation ReporUNCTAD conducts technical cooperation programmes such as ASYCUDA DMFAS EMPRETEC and WAIPAIn addition UNCTAD conducts certain technical cooperation in collaboration with the World Trade Organization through the joint International Trade Centre ITC a technical cooperation agency targeting operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of trade developmentUNCTAD hosts the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting ISARFRAMED FROM TIMES OF INDIAQ282 With reference to the news what are AD Category-I banks A It is the form of Smart Banking initiative that enables banks to optimise customer engagement models B These are the business correspondents that extend small credit on behalf of the banksC These are the banks that are equipped with technology for automated transaction of cashD These are the banks that deal with the conversion of currency notes coins or travellers’ cheques designated in foreign currency into Indian Rupees amp Vice versaAns DAuthorised DealerAD category 1 bank is one of the three types of authorised money changer approved by the RBI under Foreign Exchange Management ActFEMA with the other two being Authorised Dealer category 2 and Full Fledged Money ChangerFFMC They deal with the conversion of currency notes coins or travellers’ cheques designated in foreign currency into Indian Rupees and vice versa Their objective is to provide easier foreign exchange facilties for travellers and tourists including NRIsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ281 Consider the following :1 Hemis Gompa : Ladakh2 Chhipla Jaat : Himachal Pradesh3 Jhiri Mela : Jammu amp KashmirSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans CSome of the festivals celebrated in the Uttarakhand region are Basant Panchami Bhitauli Harela Phool Dei Batsavitri Ganga Dusshera or Dasar Dikar Puja Olgia or Ghee Sankranti Khatarua Ghuian Ekadashi Chhipla Jaat Kandali Janopunya Kumaon Holi including Khari Holi and Baithaki Holi and Makar SankrantiThe most commonly celebrated festivals in Kashmir are Lohri Baisakhi Bahu mela the Jhiri mela the Mansar food and craft mela Chaitre Chaudash mela and the Purmandal melaHemis Gompa the largest and richest Buddhist monastery in Ladakh plays host to the popular yearly festival day called Hemis Festival FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ280 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Visa On Arrival 1 The VOA facility can only be used for no more than two times in one calendar year2 The duration of stay can be extended for one year3 Double entry is permitted on e-Medical Visa amp Triple entry is permitted on e-Tourist VisaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans BTourist visa scheme Foreign citizens possessing an Overseas Citizen of India registration certificate or holders of a Persons of Indian Origin Card are exempt from visa requirements have the right of domicile in India and are allowed unlimited entries into India Citizens of Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan mainland China Nepal or Pakistan are generally not entitled to hold Overseas Indian CitizenshipVisa On Arrival:Citizens of the following countries can apply for a visa on arrival VOA in Bengaluru Chennai Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata or Mumbai The visa is issued for business tourist medical and conference categories and has a validity of 30 days3 The cost is ₹2000 The VOA facility can only be used for no more than two times in one calendar year41 Alternatively foreign citizens eligible for a VOA can apply for an e-Visa instead if they intend to visit India for a period longer than 30 days or if they intend to enter the country through an airport or seaport not covered by the VOA schemeDouble entry is permitted on e-Tourist Visa and e-Business Visa Triple entry is permitted on e-Medical Visa The duration of stay cannot be extendedFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ279 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the whitley awards 1 These are awarded annually by the WWF for the national amp regional conservation 2 It also serves as a forum between employers and employees for the conservation of wildlife Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DWhitley awards – For Wildlife conservationThe Whitley Awards are made annually by the Whitley Fund for Nature WFN to recognise and celebrate effective national and regional conservation leaders across the globe The awards are worth £35000 2017 and are now amongst the most high profile of conservation prizes – they have been called the Green OscarsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ278 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Loro account 1 Commercial banks maintains their own loro accounts with the authorization from RBI2 A balance on loro account represents central bank money in the regarded currencySelect the correct answer using the codes given below “A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThe central bank maintains loro accounts for a group of commercial banks the so-called direct payment banks A balance on such a loro account it is a nostro account in the view of the commercial bank represents central bank money in the regarded currency Since central bank money currently exists mainly in the form of electronic records electronic money rather than in the form of paper or coins physical money open market operations can be conducted by simply increasing or decreasing crediting or debiting the amount of electronic money that a bank has in its reserve account at the central bank Open market operationsAn open market operation OMO is an activity by a central bank to give or take liquidity in its currency to or from a bank or a group of banks The central bank can either buy or sell government bonds in the open market this is where the name was historically derived from or in what is now mostly the preferred solution enter into a repo or secured lending transaction with a commercial bank: the central bank gives the money as a deposit for a defined period and synchronously takes an eligible asset as collateral A central bank uses OMO as the primary means of implementing monetary policy The usual aim of open market operations is – aside from supplying commercial banks with liquidity and sometimes taking surplus liquidity from commercial banks – to manipulate the short-term interest rate and the supply of base money in an economy and thus indirectly control the total money supply in effect expanding money or contracting the money supply This involves meeting the demand of base money at the target interest rate by buying and selling government securities or other financial instruments Monetary targets such as inflation interest rates or exchange rates are used to guide this implementationClassical economic theory postulates a distinctive relationship between the supply of central bank money and short-term interest rates: like for a commodity a higher demand for central bank money would increase its price the interest rate When there is an increased demand for base money the central bank must act if it wishes to maintain the short-term interest rate It does this by increasing the supply of base money: it goes to the open market to buy a financial asset such as government bonds • Under a currency board open market operations would be used to achieve and maintain a fixed exchange rate with relation to some foreign currency• Under a gold standard notes would be convertible to gold and so open market operations could be used to keep the value of a fiat currency constant relative to goldThe two traditional type of OMO’s used by RBI:1 Outright purchase PEMO: Is outright buying or selling of government securities Permanent2 Repurchase agreement REPO: Is short term and are subject to repurchaseThe RBI brought together a Liquidity Adjustment Facility LAF It commenced in June 2000 and it was set up to oversee liquidity on a daily basis and to monitor market interest rates For the LAF two rates are set by the RBI: repo rate and reverse repo rate The repo rate is applicable while selling securities to RBI daily injection of liquidity while the reverse repo rate is applicable when banks buy back those securities daily absorption of liquidity Also these interest rates fixed by the RBI also help in determining other market interest rates on the recommendations of the Working Group of RBI on instruments of Sterilization December 2003 a new scheme known as the Market stabilization scheme MSS was set up The LAF and the OMO’s were dealing with day-to-day liquidity management whereas the MSS was set up to sterilize the liquidity absorption and make it more enduringAccording to this scheme the RBI issues additional T-bills and securities to absorb the liquidity And the money goes into the Market Stabilization scheme Account MSSA The RBI cannot use this account for paying any interest or discounts and cannot credit any premiums to this account The Government in collaboration with the RBI fixes a ceiling amount on the issue of these instrumentsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ277 Which among the following species is/ are not the extinct species under the IUCN status 1 Steller’s sea cow2 Short tailed albatross3 Spectacled cormorantSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D Only 2Ans DThe Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific OceanIt comprises a deep water basin which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelvesThere is a small portion of the Kula Plate in the Bering Sea The Kula Plate is an ancient tectonic plate that used to subduct under AlaskaThe sea supports many whale species including the beluga humpback whale bowhead whale gray whale and blue whale the vulnerable sperm whale and the endangered fin whale sei whale and the rarest in the world the North Pacific right whale Other marine mammals include walrus Steller sea lion northern fur seal orca and polar bearSeabird species include tufted puffins the endangered short-tailed albatross spectacled eider and red-legged kittiwakes Two Bering Sea species the Steller’s sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas and spectacled cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus are extinct because of overexploitation by man In addition a small subspecies of Canada goose the Bering Canada goose Branta canadensis asiatica is extinct due to overhunting and introduction of rats to their breeding islandsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ276 With reference to the news what is 20:80 scheme of gold A It is the central sponsored scheme representing the highest share of the central government as compared to the state government B It was introduced to bring down gold imports and narrow the current account deficitC It is the central sponsored scheme for increasing the visible amp invisible exports D It was introduced to enhance the gold exports thereby reducing the fiscal deficitAns BThe 20:80 import rule linking imports to exports was introduced last year to bring down gold imports and narrow the current account deficit that had hit a record of 48 per cent of GDPAlthough legal import of gold declined in the subsequent months the 20:80 rule was not only encouraging smuggling but it was also misused by many tradersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ275 Which among the following is/are the targets that have to be achieved under the AMRUT scheme 1 Tap water amp sewerage facilities 2 Internet amp wifi facilities3 Pollution reduction Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DThe scheme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in June 2015 with the focus of the urban renewal projects is to establish infrastructure that could ensure adequate robust sewage networks and water supply for urban transformation Rajasthan was the first state in the country to submit State Annual Action Plan under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation AMRUT About ₹1 lakh crore US16 billion investment on urban development under Smart Cities Mission and the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation of 500 cities has already been approved by the governmentSome of the broad targets of AMRUT scheme are ascertaining that every one has access to tap water and sewerage facilities greenery like parks and open spaces are well maintained digital and smart facilities like weather prediction internet and WiFi facilities pollution reduction by encouraging the public for using cheaper but secure public transport etcFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ274 As per Vavilov’s centre of origin which among the following comes under the Indo-Burma region 1 Assam2 North West Punjab3 BurmaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans AFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ273 Consider the following :1 Melghat Tiger reserve : Maharashtra 2Tansa Wildlife sanctuary : Tripura3 Purna wildlife sanctuary : GujaratSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C Only 2D 1 amp 3Ans DIn Gujarat the owlet can be found in Purna Wildlife SanctuaryMelghat Tiger Reserve in MaharashtraThe forest owlet remains critically endangered and the population in 2015 was estimated by Birdlife International at less than 250An individual was located in Tansa Wildlife Sanctuary in the Thane district in 2014FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ272 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the subatomic particles Baryon 1 These are the quark-based particles that participate in the strong interaction2 They are similar in functioning as compared to the lepton amp Mesons 3 Protons amp neutrons are the only baryons that make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 123Ans CA baryon is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks a triquark as distinct from mesons which are composed of one quark and one antiquark Baryons and mesons belong to the hadron family of particles which are the quark-based particlesAs quark-based particles baryons participate in the strong interaction whereas leptons which are not quark-based do not The most familiar baryons are the protons and neutrons that make up most of the mass of the visible matter in the universe Electrons the other major component of the atom are leptonsEach baryon has a corresponding antiparticle antibaryon where quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks For example a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark and its corresponding antiparticle the antiproton is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquarkFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ271 Which among the following is/are the examples of the e-liquids that are used in e-cigarettes 1 Water2 Nicotine3 GlycerineSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans DAn electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that tries to create the feeling of tobacco smoking It works by heating a liquid to generate an aerosol commonly called a vapor that the user inhales Using e-cigarettes is sometimes called vaping The liquid in the e-cigarette called e-liquid is usually made of nicotine propylene glycol glycerine and flavorings Not all e-liquids contain nicotineThe health risks of e-cigarettes are uncertain They are likely safer than tobacco cigarettes but the long-term health effects are not knownThey can help some smokers quit When used by non-smokers e-cigarettes can lead to nicotine addiction and there is concern that children could start smoking after using e-cigarettes Less serious adverse effects include throat and mouth irritation vomiting nausea and coughingThe majority of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke are absent in e-cigarette aerosolThose present are mostly below 1 corresponding levels in tobacco smokeThe emergence of e-cigarettes has given cannabis smokers a new method of inhaling cannabinoids E-cigarettes differ from traditional marijuana cigarettes in several respects It is assumed that vaporizing cannabinoids at lower temperatures is safer because it produces smaller amounts of toxic substances than the hot combustion of a marijuana cigaretteE-liquid is the mixture used in vapor products such as e-cigarettes and generally consists of propylene glycol glycerin water nicotine and flavoringsSmoking a traditional cigarette yields between 05 and 15 mg of nicotine but the nicotine content of the cigarette is only weakly correlated with the levels of nicotine in the smoker’s bloodstream Nicotine in tobacco smoke is absorbed into the bloodstream rapidly and e-cigarette vapor is relatively slow in this regardThe concentration of nicotine in e-liquid ranges up to 36 mg/MlFRAMED FROM SPECTRUMQ270 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Lingayatism 1 Lingayatism was founded by the Basava in the 11th century2 Lingayat scholars thrived in northern Karnataka during the centuries of rule by Vijayanagara Empire3 The Lingayats buried their dead in the Dhyana mudra with their Ishta linga in their left handSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 1 amp 3Ans BLingayatism is a distinct Shaivite religious tradition in India Its worship is centered on Hindu god Shiva as the universal god in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga The adherents of this faith are known as Lingayats Lingayatism was founded by the 12th-century philosopher and statesman Basava and spread by his followers called Sharanas1 Lingayatism emphasizes qualified monism and bhakti loving devotion to Shiva with philosophical foundations similar to those of the 11th–12th-century South Indian philosopher RamanujaThe terms Lingayatism and Veerashaivism have been used synonymously and Lingayats also referred to as is considered a Hindu sect25 but some Lingayats have sought legal recognition as a religion distinct from Hinduism26Lingayatism shares beliefs with Indian religions such as about reincarnation samsara and karmaContemporary Lingayatism is influential in South India especially in the state of Karnataka10 Today Lingayats along with Shaiva Siddhanta followers Tirunelveli Saiva Pillai Nadar Naths Pashupaths of Nepal Kapalikas and others constitute the Shaiva populationThe Lingayat iṣṭaliṅga is an oval-shaped emblem symbolising Parashiva the absolute reality and is worn on the body by a cord hung around the neckBasava is credited with founding Lingayatism and its secular practices2 He was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher statesman Kannada poet in the Shiva-focussed Bhakti movement and a social reformer during the reign of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka IndiaBasavanna spread social awareness through his poetry popularly known as Vachanaas Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination as well as some extant practices such as the wearing of sacred thread19 and replaced this with the ritual of wearing Ishtalinga necklace with an image of the Shiva LiṅgaLingayat scholars thrived in northern Karnataka during the centuries of rule by Vijayanagara Empire22 The Lingayats likely were a part of the reason why Vijayanagara succeeded in territorial expansion and in withstanding the Deccan Sultanate wars The Lingayat text Sunya sampadane grew out of the scholarly discussions in a Anubhava Mantap and according to Bill Aitken these were compiled at the Vijayanagara court during the reign of Praudha Deva RayaSimilarly the scripture of Lingayatism Basava Purana was completed in 1369 during the reign of Vijayanagara ruler Bukka Raya ILingayat Veerashaiva thinkers rejected the custodial hold of Brahmins over the Vedas and the shastras but they did not outright reject the Vedic knowledge2930 The 13th-century Telugu Virashaiva poet Palkuriki Somanatha author of Basava Purana – a scripture of Veerashaivas for example asserted Virashaivism fully conformed to the Vedas and the shastrasLingayatism teaches a path to an individual’s spiritual progress is viewed and describes it as a six-stage Satsthalasiddhanta This concept progressively evolves the individual starting with the phase of a devoteeShunya in a series of Kannada language texts is equated with the Virashaiva concept of the Supreme In particular the Shunya Sampadane texts present the ideas of Allama Prabhuin a form of dialogue where shunya is that void and distinctions which a spiritual journey seeks to fill and eliminate It is the described as state of union of one’s soul with the infinite Shiva the state of blissful moksha3This Lingayat concept is similar to shunya Brahma concept found in certain texts of Vaishnavism particularly in Odiya such as the poetic Panchasakhas It explains the Nirguna Brahman idea of Vedanta that is the eternal unchanging metaphysical reality as personified void However both in Lingayatism and various flavors of Vaishnavism such as Mahima Dharma the idea of Shunya is closer to the Hindu concept of metaphysical Brahman rather than to the Śūnyatā concept of Buddhism35 However there is some overlap such as in the works of Bhima BhoiThe Lingayats always wear the Ishtalinga held with a necklace2 The Istalinga is made up of light gray slate stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear Sometime it is made up of ashes mixed with clarified butter The coating is called Kanti coveringThe Lingayats bury their dead The dead are buried in the Dhyana mudra meditating position with their Ishta linga in their left handFRAMED FROM TIMES OF INDIAQ269 Which among the following is/are the examples of the payment banks 1 Reliance Industries2 Sun Pharmaceuticals3 PaytmSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DPayments banks is a new model of banks conceptualised by the Reserve Bank of India RBI These banks can accept a restricted deposit which is currently limited to ₹1 lakh per customer and may be increased further These banks cannot issue loans and credit cards Both current account and savings accounts can be operated by such banks Payments banks can issue services like ATM cards debit cards net-banking and mobile-banking Airtel has launched India’s first live payments bank1 Paytm is the second such service to be launched in the country India Post Payments Bank is the third entity to receive payments bank permit after Bharti Airtel and Paytm Aditya Birla group earned payments bank permit on 3 March 2017The voting rights will be regulated by the Banking Regulation Act 1949The bank should be fully networked from the beginning The bank can accept utility bills It cannot form subsidiaries to undertake non-banking activitiesThe bank cannot undertake lending activities The banks will be licensed as payments banks under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act 1949 and will be registered as public limited company under the Companies Act 2013On 19 August 2015 the Reserve Bank of India gave in-principle licences to eleven entities to launch payments banks:12131 Aditya Birla Nuvo2 Airtel M Commerce Services3 Cholamandalam Distribution Services4 Department of Posts5 FINO PayTech6 National Securities Depository7 Reliance Industries8 Sun Pharmaceuticals9 Paytm10 Tech Mahindra11 Vodafone M-PesaThe in-principle license is valid for 18 months within which the entities must fulfil the requirements They are not allowed to engage in banking activities within the period The RBI will consider grant full licenses under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act 1949 after it is satisfied that the conditions have been fulfilledFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ268 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Central Vigilance Commision 1 Prime Minister amp the Minister of Home Affairs gives recommendation on the appointment of the commissioners2 CVC have the powers to register criminal cases as well as economic crimes3 CVC can direct CBI to initiate inquiries against any officer Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 1Ans DCentral Vigilance Commission CVC is an apex Indian governmental body created in 1964 to address governmental corruption It has the status of an autonomous body free of control from any executive authority charged with monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government of India advising various authorities in central Government organizations in planning executing reviewing and reforming their vigilance workThe Commission shall consist of:• A Central Vigilance Commissioner – Chairperson• Not more than two Vigilance Commissioners – MembersThe CVC is not an investigating agencyThe only investigation carried out by the CVC is that of examining Civil Works of the Government which is done r6Corruption investigations against government officials can proceed only after the government permits them The CVC publishes a list of cases where permissions are pending some of which may be more than a year oldThe Central Vigilance Commissioner and the Vigilance Commissioners shall be appointed by the President on recommendation of a Committee consisting of the Prime Minister Chairperson the Minister of Home Affairs Member and the Leader of the Opposition in the House of the People MemberThe Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner can be removed from his office only by order of the President on the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity after the Supreme Court on a reference made to it by the President has on inquiry reported that the Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner as the case may be ought to be removed The Secretariat consists of a Secretary of the rank of Additional Secretary to the Govt of India one officer of the rank of Joint Secretary to the Govt of India ten officers of the rank of Director/Deputy Secretary four Under Secretaries and office staff• CVC is only an advisory body Central Government Departments are free to either accept or reject CVC’s advice in corruption cases13• CVC does not have adequate resources compared with number of complaints that it receives It is a very small set up with a sanctioned staff strength of 2991 Whereas it is supposed to check corruption in more than 1500 central government departments and ministries14• CVC cannot direct CBI to initiate inquiries against any officer of the level of Joint Secretary and above on its own Such a permission has to be obtained from the concerned department• CVC does not have powers to register criminal case It deals only with vigilance or disciplinary casesAppointments to CVC are indirectly under the control of Govt of India though the leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha is a member of the Committee to select CVC and VCs But the Committee considers candidates put up before it These candidates are decided by the GovernmentFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTUREQ267 With reference to the Dravidian architecture What are Agamas A These are the collection of the scriptures constituting the methods of temple constructionB These are the code of conduct that is to be followed by the BhikshusC These are the texts describing the discourse of the tirthankaraD These are the manuscripts in Indo-Aryan languages describing the spread of the templesof the southern IndiaAns ATraditional Dravidian architecture and symbolism are also based on Agamas The Agamas are non-vedic in origin and have been dated either as post-vedic texts or as pre-vedic compositionsThe Agamas are a collection of Tamil and Sanskrit scriptures chiefly constituting the methods of temple construction and creation of murti worship means of deities philosophical doctrines meditative practices attainment of sixfold desires and four kinds of yogaFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTUREQ266 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the scripts/texts of the Dravidian style 1 Mayamata and Manasara shilpa texts describes the art of building in India in south and central India2 Brihat-samhita is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual describing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu templesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BMayamata and Manasara shilpa texts estimated to be in circulation by 5th to 7th century AD is a guidebook on Dravidian style of Vastu Shastradesign construction sculpture and joinery paddhati is another text from the 9th century describing the art of building in India in south and central IndiaIn north India Brihat-samhita by Varāhamihira is the widely cited ancient Sanskrit manual from 6th century describing the design and construction of Nagara style of Hindu templesFRAMED FROM NIOS-INDIAN CULTUREQ265 Consider the following :1 Undavalli caves : Madhya Pradesh2 Ramatheertham : Andhra Pradesh3 Varaha Cave Temple : MamallapuramSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D Only 3Ans BRock-cut monuments in India• Aihole has 3 Jaina temple• Badami Cave Temples• Bagh Caves• Ellora Caves has 12 Buddhist 17 Hindu and 5 Jain temples19• Kanheri Caves• Lenyadri Caves• Mahabalipuram• Pancha Rathas• Kazhuku Malai• Pandavleni Caves• Pitalkhora• Undavalli caves Andhra Pradesh• Varaha Cave Temple at Mamallapuram• Masroor Temple at Kangra• Bojjannakonda Buddhist Site Andhra Pradesh• Guntupalle Buddhist Site Andhra Pradesh• Ramatheertham Andhra PradeshFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ264 Which among the following is/are the members of the Eurasian Economic Union 1 Belarus2 Russia3 Kazakhstan4 UzbekistanSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 123B 3 amp 4C 234D 1234Ans AIt is an economic union of states located primarily in northern Eurasia A treaty aiming for the establishment of the EAEU was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus Kazakhstan and Russia and came into force on 1 January 2015Treaties aiming for Armenia’s and Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the Eurasian Economic Union were signed on 9 October and 23 December 2014 respectively Armenia’s accession treaty came into force on 2 January 2015Kyrgyzstan’s accession treaty came into effect on 6 August 20151112 It participated in the EAEU from the day of its establishment as an acceding stateThe day-to-day work of the EAEU is done through the Eurasian Economic Commission the executive body which is a supranational body similar to European Commission There is also a judicial body – the Court of the EAEUThe Eurasian Economic Union is located at the eastern end of Europe bounded by the Arctic in the north the Pacific Ocean to the east and East Asia the Middle East and part of Central Asiato the southThe council is composed of the Vice Prime Ministers of the member states The collegium is composed of twelve commissioners one of which is the Chairman of the boardFRAMED FROM NIOS- INDIAN CULTUREQ263 Which of the following is/are not depicted in the Rajput paintings 1 Stories of Krishna2 Ragas amp Ragnis3 Deeds of Hamza4 Deeds of BaburSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 123B 234C 3 amp 4D Only 4Ans CRajput painting also called Rajasthani painting evolved and flourished in the royal courts of Rajputana in India Each Rajputana kingdom evolved a distinct style but with certain common features Rajput paintings depict a number of themes events of epics like the Ramayana Miniatures in manuscripts or single sheets to be kept in albums were the preferred medium of Rajput painting but many paintings were done on the walls of palaces inner chambers of the forts havelis particularly the havelis of Shekhawati the forts and palaces built by ShekhawatRajputsThe colours were extracted from certain minerals plant sources conch shells and were even derived by processing precious stones Gold and silver were used The preparation of desired colours was a lengthy process sometimes taking weeks Brushes used were very fineElements such as distinct portraiture utilized by popular Mughal artists Govardhan Hashim etc are not found in Rajput works Likewise Rajput techniques are not predominantly seen in Mughal paintingsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ262 Which among the following can remove cyanobacterial blooms from water-based systems 1 Calcium hypochlorite2 Copper sulphate3 SimazineSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DSeveral chemicals can eliminate cyanobacterial blooms from water-based systems They include: calcium hypochlorite copper sulphate cupricide and simazineCyanobacteria can produce neurotoxins cytotoxins endotoxins and hepatotoxins Oncolites are sedimentary structures composed of oncoids which are layered structures formed by cyanobacterial growth Oncolites are similar to stromatolites but instead of forming columns they form approximately spherical structures that were not attached to the underlying substrate as they formedCyanobacteria use the energy of sunlight to drive photosynthesis a process where the energy of light is used to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide Because they are aquatic organisms they typically employ several strategies which are collectively known as a carbon concentrating mechanism to aid in the acquisition of inorganic carbon CO2or bicarbonate Cyanobacteria can be found in almost every terrestrial and aquatic habitat—oceans fresh water damp soil temporarily moistened rocks in deserts bare rock and soil and even Antarctic rocks They can occur as planktonic cells or form phototrophic biofilms They are found in almost every endolithic ecosystemA few are endosymbionts in lichens plants various protists or sponges and provide energy for the host Some live in the fur of sloths providing a form of camouflageAquatic cyanobacteria are known for their extensive and highly visible blooms that can form in both freshwater and marine environmentsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ261 Which among the following is/are the right tributary of the river ganga 1 Kosi2 Gandak3 Yamuna4 RamgangaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 234C Only 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans DGanga :gtLeft tributaries: Ramganga Gomati Ghaghar Gandak KosigtRight tributaries: Yamuna SonHugliFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ260 Which among the following plants is/are considered as the Weeds 1 Dandelion2 Burdrock3 AmarnathSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DWeeds : Dandelion Burdrock Lamb’s quarter Amarnath CornockleMany plants known as weeds can have beneficial properties A number of weeds such as the dandelion Taraxacum and lamb’s quarter are edible and their leaves or roots may be used for food or herbal medicine Burdock is common over much of the world and is sometimes used to make soup and medicine in East AsiaAn example of a crop weed that is grown in gardens is the corncockle Agrostemma githago which was a common weed in European wheat fields but is now sometimes grown as a garden plantWeeds may also act as a living mulch providing ground cover that reduces moisture loss and prevents erosion Weeds may also improve soil fertility dandelions for example bring up nutrients like calcium and nitrogen from deep in the soil with their tap root and clover hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its roots fertilizing the soil directly Weed control is important in agriculture Methods include hand cultivation with hoes powered cultivation with cultivators smothering with mulch lethal wilting with high heat burning or chemical attack with herbicidesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ259 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve 1 It is composed of Neyyar amp Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries only2 This biosphere reserve is dominated by Asian elephants amp Nilgiri TahrSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are Biosphere Reserve became part of World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2016 Is also under UNESCO’s world list of biosphere reserveIt is composed of Neyyar Peppara and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries and their adjoining areas of Achencoil Thenmala Konni Punalur Thiruvananthapuram Divisions and Agasthyavanam Special Division in Kerala9 Inclusion of adjoining areas of Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu has been approvedABR includes the Indian Ecoregions of South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests South Western Ghats montane rain forestsand SholaRare animals include the tiger Asian Elephant and Nilgiri Tahr Agastyamalai is also home to the KanikaranKanikkarans are the Original tribal Settlers in Agasthyamalai Biosphere ReserveFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ258 Which among the following is/are true in context with the 5-star rated celing fans 1 These are 50 more energy efficient as compared to the conventional fans2 These are rated at 75 watts as compared to earlier fans at 50 wattsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThese fans are 30 more energy efficient as compared to conventional fansThe earlier fans were rated at 75 Watts but the new fans are rated at 50 Watts 30 savings FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ257 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Gene Transfer Format 1 It is a tab-delimited doc format specific to the gene information2 It reduces problems with the interchange of data between groupsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThe Gene transfer format GTF is a file format used to hold information about gene structure It is a tab-delimited text format based on the general feature format GFF but contains some additional conventions specific to gene information A significant feature of the GTF is that it is validatable: given a sequence and a GTF file one can check that the format is correct This significantly reduces problems with the interchange of data between groupsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ256 With reference to the geographic knowledge what are Phantom islands A These are the islands that are situated beyond the continental shelf of the oceanB These are the lost lands that were existing during prehistory but disappeared as a result of catastrophic geological phenomena C These are the volcanic islands on the edge of the Indian and Burmese tectonic platesD These are the land masses formerly believed to exist in the historical age but to have been discredited as a result of expanding geographic knowledgeAns DPhantom islands as opposed to lost lands are land masses formerly believed by cartographers to exist in the historical age but to have been discredited as a result of expanding geographic knowledge Terra Australis is a phantom continent While a few phantom islands originated from literary works an example is Ogygia from Homer’s Odyssey most phantom islands are the result of navigational errorsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ255 With reference to the news which of the following is correct with respect to the ADDU Declaration A It is the declaration by the BRICS members to improve the global economic situation and reforming financial institutionsB It is a twenty points declaration issued by the SSARC members with the aim of building bridgesC It is the declaration in the Paris summit to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions D It is the declaration issued in the Maldives conference highlighting the terrorist amp social issuesAns B• Addu is the second largest city of Mamldives capital is Male where 17th SAARC conference was held September 2011• Theme of this Addu summit : Building Bridges• The leaders of SAARC Nations issued a 20-points declaration here which is known as “Addu Declaration”FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ254 Which of the following is/are correct with respect to the Generic drugs 1 These are manufactured by the private companies under the government regulations 2 These contain the same active ingredients as brand formulations but with reduced excipientsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage strength route of administration quality performance and intended use A generic drug must contain the same active ingredients as the original brand-name formulation Biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies differ biologically from small molecule drugs Generic versions of these drugs known as biosimilars are typically regulated under an extended set of rules They may not be associated with a particular company generic drugs are usually subject to government regulations in the countries where they are dispensed They are labeled with the name of the manufacturer and a generic nonproprietary name such as the United States Adopted Name or international nonproprietary name of the drug A generic drug must contain the same active ingredients as the original brand-name formulation FRAMED FROM LUCENT PUBLICATIONSQ253 Which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Doldrums : 50 N to 50 S2 Horse latitudes : 250 to 350 N amp S 3 Polar : High polesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DConiferous forests are located between 500amp 700 NFRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ252 Which among the following languages has been awarded the distinction of classical language 1 Marathi2 Malayalam3 KannadaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C 1 amp 3D 123Ans A The Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Tamil Sanskrit Kannada Telugu Malayalam and Odia The southern Indian languages are from the Dravidian family The Dravidian languages are classified in four groups: North Central Kolami–Parji South-Central Telugu–Kui and South Dravidian Tamil-Kannada Each of the northern Indian languages had different influences For example Hindustani was strongly influenced by Sanskrit Persian and Arabic leading to the emergence of Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu as registers of the Hindustani language FRAMED FROM LUCENT amp WIKIPEDIAQ251 Which among the following is/are correct 1 Vector mediated recombinant gene transfer can be done from one eukaryote to another eukaryote only2 Vector mediated recombinant gene transfer can be done from one animal cell to plant cellSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B Vector-mediated gene transfer is carried out either by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or by use of plant viruses as vectors Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil-borne Gram-negative bacterium It is rod shaped and motile and belongs to the bacterial family of Rhizobiaceae A tumefaciens is a phytopathogen and is treated as the nature’s most effective plant genetic engineer FRAMED FROM NCERT SCIENCEQ250 Excessive accumulation of nitrates in water body can result in :1 Proliferation of biodiversity2 Algae blooms3 AcidificationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 123Ans BQ249 Which of the following is not true of the Western GhatsA UNESCO declared 39 places in the Western Ghats as ‘World Heritage Sites’ in 2012B It is one of the eight hottest hotspots of biological diversity in the worldC It has two reserves and thirteen national parksD ONGC surveys have recently found huge oil reservesAns D The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain called Konkan along the Arabian Sea A total of thirty-nine properties including national parks wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests were designated as world heritage sites – twenty in Kerala ten in Karnataka five in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra The range starts near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra south of the Tapti river and runs approximately 1600 km 990 mi through the states of Maharashtra Goa Karnataka Kerala and Tamil Nadu ending at Swamithoppe near Kanyakumari at the southern tip of India The Western Ghats block southwest monsoon winds from reaching the Deccan PlateauThe average elevation is around 1200 m 3900 ft The area is one of the world’s ten Hottest biodiversity hotspots and has over 7402 species of flowering plants 1814 species of non-flowering plants 139 mammal species 508 bird species 179 amphibian species 6000 insects species and 290 freshwater fish species it is likely that many undiscovered species live in the Western Ghats At least 325 globally threatened species occur in the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are the mountainous faulted and eroded edge of the Deccan Plateau Basalt is the predominant rock found in the hills reaching a thickness of 3 km 2 mi Other rock types found are charnockites granite gneiss khondalites leptynites metamorphic gneisses with detached occurrences of crystalline limestone iron ore dolerites and anorthosites Residual laterite and bauxite ores are also found in the southern hills The Western Ghats extend from the Satpura Range in the north stretching from Gujarat to Tamil Nadu It traverses south past the states of Maharashtra Goa Karnataka and Kerala Major gaps in the range are the Goa Gap between the Maharashtra and Karnataka sections and the Palghat Gap on the Tamil Nadu and Kerala border between the Nilgiri Hills and the Anaimalai Hills The northern portion of the narrow coastal plain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea is known as the Konkan the central portion is called Kanara and the southern portion is called Malabar The foothill region east of the Ghats in Maharashtra is known as Desh while the eastern foothills of the central Karnataka state is known as Malenadu13 The range is known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra and Karnataka The Western Ghats meets the Eastern Ghats at Nilgiris in northwestern Tamil Nadu Nilgiris connects Biligiriranga Hills in southeastern Karnataka with the Shevaroys and Tirumala hills South of the Palghat Gap are the Anamala Hills located in western Tamil Nadu and Kerala with smaller ranges further south including the Cardamom Hills then Aryankavu pass Aralvaimozhi pass near Kanyakumari In the southern part of the range is Anamudi 2695 metres 8842 ft the highest peak in Western Ghats The Western Ghats form one of the four watersheds of India feeding the perennial rivers of India The major river systems originating in the Western Ghats include Godavari Kaveri Krishna Thamiraparani and Tungabhadra Majority of streams draining the Western Ghats join these rivers and carry large volume of water during the monsoon months These rivers flow to the east due to the gradient of the land and drain out into the Bay of Bengal Major tributaries include Kali Bhadra Bhavani Bhima Malaprabha Ghataprabha Hemavathi and Kabini Periyar Bharathappuzha Netravati Sharavathi Mandovi and Zuari rivers flow westwards towards the Western Ghats draining into the Arabian Sea and are fast-moving owing to the steeper gradient Most notable of these projects are the Koyna in Maharashtra Linganmakki and Sivasamudram in Karnataka Mettur and Pykara in Tamil Nadu Parambikulam and Idukki in Kerala Talakaveri is the source of the river Kaveri and the Kuduremukha range is the source of the Tungabhadra Western Ghats have several man-made lakes and reservoirs with major lakes at Ooty 34 hectares 84 acres in Nilgiris Kodaikanal 26 hectares 64 acres and Berijam in Palani Hills Pookode lake Devikulam 6 hectares 15 acres and Letchmi 2 hectares 49 acres in Kerala The eastern region of the Western Ghats which lie in the rain shadow receive far less rainfall of about 100 centimetres 39 in resulting in an average rainfall of 250 centimetres 98 in across regions The Western Ghats are home to four tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregions – the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests North Western Ghats montane rain forests South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests and South Western Ghats montane rain forests Above 1000 meters are the South Western Ghats montane rain forests also cooler and wetter than the surrounding lowland forests and dominated by evergreen trees although some montane grasslands and stunted forests can be found at the highest elevations The South Western Ghats montane rain forests are the most species-rich ecologic region in peninsular India eighty percent of the flowering plant species of the entire Western Ghats range are found in this ecologic region The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve comprising 5500 square kilometres 2100 sq mi of the evergreen forests of Nagarahole and deciduous forests of Bandipur in Karnataka adjoining regions of Wayanad-Mukurthi in Kerala and Mudumalai National Park-Sathyamangalam in Tamil Nadu forms the largest contiguous protected area in the Western Ghats20 Silent Valley in Kerala is among the last tracts of virgin tropical evergreen forest in India There are at least 139 mammal species Of the 16 endemic mammals 13 are threatened and amongst the 32 threatened species include the critically endangered Malabar large-spotted civet the endangered lion-tailed macaque Nilgiri tahr Bengal tiger and Indian elephants the vulnerable Indian leopard Nilgiri langur and gaur There are at least 16 species of birds endemic to the Western Ghats including the endangered rufous-breasted laughingthrush the vulnerable Nilgiri wood-pigeon white-bellied shortwing and broad-tailed grassbird the near threatenedgrey-breasted laughingthrush black-and-rufous flycatcher Nilgiri flycatcher and Nilgiri pipit and the least concern Malabar blue-winged parakeet Malabar grey hornbill white-bellied treepie grey-headed bulbul rufous babbler Wynaad laughingthrush white-bellied blue-flycatcher and the crimson-backed sunbird There are at least 139 mammal species Of the 16 endemic mammals 13 are threatened and amongst the 32 threatened species include the critically endangered Malabar large-spotted civet the endangered lion-tailed macaque Nilgiri tahr Bengal tiger and Indian elephants the vulnerable Indian leopard Nilgiri langur and gaur Of the 7402 species of flowering plants occurring in the Western Ghats 5588 species are native or indigenous and 376 are exotics naturalised and 1438 species are cultivated or planted as ornamentals Among the indigenous species 2253 species are endemic to India and of them 1273 species are exclusively confined to the Western Ghats Apart from 593 confirmed subspecies and varieties 66 species 5 subspecies and 14 varieties of doubtful occurrence are also reported and therefore amounting 8080 taxa of flowering plants Q248 Which among the following creeks is not associated with the state of Gujarat A Kori creekB Godai creekC Kajhar creekD Sir creekAns BCreek tidal an inlet of the sea narrower than a coveSir creek : is a 96 km 60 mi tidal estuary on the border of India and Pakistan The creek which opens up into the Arabian Sea divides the Gujarat state of Indiafrom the Sindh province of PakistanThe Kori Creek : is a tidal creek in the Rann of Kachchh region of the Indian state of Gujarat This region belonging to India is not in dispute as the international border runs north of it The Sir Creek lying to the northwest of Kori is disputed between India and PakistanFRAMED FROM RAMESH SINGH-INDIAN ECONOMICSQ247 Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Corporate bond 1 It is issued by the corporation with maturity shorter than one year2 These are traded in decentralized amp over-the-counter marketsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns B A corporate bond is a bond issued by a corporation in order to raise financing for a variety of reasons such as to ongoing operations MampA or to expand businessThe term is usually applied to longer-term debt instruments with maturity of at least one year Corporate debt instruments with maturity shorter than one year are referred to as commercial paper According to their credit rating Bonds rated AAA AA A and BBB are High Grade while bonds rated BB and below are High Yield Foreign corporates issuing bonds in the US Dollar market are called Yankees and their bonds are Yankee bonds FRAMED FROM RAMESH SINGH-INDIAN ECONOMICSQ246 Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Central Employment Guarantee Council 1 It has been created under the separate act of the Parliament 2 The council must be presided by the Governor of the central bank of India3 Members of the council are nominated by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha 4 It is headed by the ministry of the rural development Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 4B 1 amp 4C 124D 2 amp 3Ans AIt is the apex body under MNREGAWorks as MNREGA watchdogTenure of the members is 1 yearResponsible for central monitoring amp evaluation system in MNREGAIt is headed by the ministry of the rural development FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ245 Which among the following are the sources of Bio-asphalt 1 Natural tree2 Gum resins3 Molasses4 Waste of canola oilSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 124D 1234Ans D It is an asphalt alternative made from non-petroleum based renewable resources Non-petroleum based bitumen binders can be colored which can reduce the temperatures of road surfaces and reduce the Urban heat islands Bitumen can also be made from waste vacuum tower bottoms produced in the process of cleaning used motor oils which are normally burned or dumped into land fills FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ244 Which among the following is/are the tributaries of the Periyar river 1 Edamala2 Gharni3 MullayarSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans C-Left: Cheruthoni – right Periyar river is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of KeralaIt is one of the few perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking water for several major townsThe source of the Periyar lies high in the Western GhatsFRAMED FROM NCERT SCIENCEQ243 Which of the following is/are true with respect to the coliform bacteria1 These are present in large numbers in the feces of cold-blooded animals2 These are restricted to the aquatic environment3 These are the common indicator of sanitary quality of foods and waterSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C Only 3D 123Ans C Coliform bacteria are defined as rod-shaped Gram-negative non-spore forming and motile or non-motile bacteria which can ferment lactosewith the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35–37°C They are a commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water Coliforms can be found in the aquatic environment in soil and on vegetation they are universally present in large numbers in the feces of warm-blooded animals Whilst coliforms themselves are not normally causes of serious illness they are easy to culture and their presence is used to indicate that other pathogenic organisms of fecal origin may be present Such pathogens include disease-causing bacteria viruses or protozoa and many multicellular parasites Coliform procedures are performed in aerobic or anaerobic conditions FRAMED FROM PEARSON CSAT MANUALQ242 Consider the following :1 Phawngpui Tlang National park : Tripura2 Dzukou Valley : Manipur3 Balphakram National Park : MeghalayaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 1 amp 2Ans A Phawngpui Tlang National park : Mizoram Mizoram : The general geology of western Mizoram consists of repetitive succession of Neogene sedimentary rocks of Surma Group and Tipam Formation viz sandstone siltstone mudstone and rare pockets of shell limestone The eastern part is Barail GroupMizoram lies in seismic zone V according to the India Meteorological Department as with other northeastern states of India this means the state has the highest risk of earthquakes relative to other parts of India gt The Palak lake is the biggest in Mizoram and covers 30 hectares 74 acres gt Mizoram is also called as peninsula state as it has 3 sides covered with international land and one side covered with domestic land gt Bamboo is common in the state typically intermixed with other forest vegetation about 9245 km2 44 of state’s area is bamboo bearing gt The state has two national parks and six wildlife sanctuaries – Blue Mountain Phawngpui National Park Dampa Tiger Reserve largest Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary Murlen National Park Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary and Thorangtlang Wildlife Sanctuary Manipur : It is bounded by Nagaland to the north Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west Burma Myanmar lies to its east has a population of almost 3 million including the Meitei who are the majority group in the state the Zo/Zomi people such as Paite Mizo Lushai Hmar Vaiphei Simte Zou Gangte Teddim Kuki Naga and Pangalpeoples who speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages The Barak River the largest of Manipur originates in the Manipur Hills and is joined by tributaries such as the Irang Maku and Tuivai gt The rivers draining the Manipur Hills are comparatively young due to the hilly terrain through which they flow These rivers are corrosive and assume turbulent form in the rainy season Important rivers draining the western area include the Maku Barak Jiri Irang and Leimatak gtRivers draining the eastern part of the state the Yu River Basin include the Chamu Khunou and other short streams gt The Loktak lake is an important feature of the central plain Meghalaya : The state is bounded to the south by the Bangladeshi divisions of Mymensingh and Sylhet to the west by the Bangladeshi division of Rangpur and to the north and east by India’s State of Assam gt Meghalaya has historically followed a matrilineal system where the lineage and inheritance are traced through women the youngest daughter inherits all wealth and she also takes care of her parents gt Rock formations contain rich deposits of valuable minerals like coal limestone uranium and sillimanite gt Meghalaya has many rivers Most of these are rainfed and seasonal The important rivers in the Garo Hills region are Daring Sanda Bandra Bhogai Dareng Simsang Nitai and the Bhupai In the central and eastern sections of the plateau the important rivers are Khri Digaru Umiam Kynshi Jadukata Mawpa Umiam or Barapani Umngot and Myntdu In the southern Khasi Hills region these rivers have created deep gorges and several beautiful waterfalls gt The central part of the plateau comprising the Khasi Hills has the highest elevations followed by the eastern section comprising the Jaintia Hills region The highest point in Meghalaya is Shillong Peak gt The great Indian hornbill is the largest bird in Meghalaya gt The hoolock gibbon is found in all districts of Meghalaya gt The Nokrek Biosphere Reserve in the West Garo Hills and the Balphakram National Park in the South Garo Hills are considered to be the most biodiversity-rich sites in Meghalaya gt In addition Meghalaya has three wildlife sanctuaries These are the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary the Siju Sanctuary and the Bhagmara Sanctuary which is also the home of the insect eating pitcher plant Nepenthes khasiana FRAMED FROM NCERT GEOGRAPHYQ241 Which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 COP 3 : Kyoto protocol on climate change2 COP 11 : Paris treaty3 COP1 : Minimata convention on mercurySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 3C Only 1D 2 amp 3Ans B COP 11 : Montreal It took place between 28 November and 9 December 2005 in Montreal Quebec Canada It was the first Meeting of the Parties CMP 1 to the Kyoto Protocol since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997 It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever FRAMED FROM LIVE MINTQ240 With reference to the S-band spectrum consider the following statements :1 It is part of the microwave amp Infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum2 It is standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz3 The S band is used by all communications satellites to communicate with the Space Shuttle and the International Space StationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans B The S band is part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum It is defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 to 4 GHz crossing the conventional boundary between UHF and SHF at 30 GHz The S band is used by weather radar surface ship radar and some communications satellites especially those used by NASA to communicate with the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station The 10 cm radar short-band ranges roughly from 155 to 52 GHz In some countries S band is used for Direct-to-Home satellite television unlike similar services in most countries which use Ku band The frequency typically allocated for this service is 25 to 27 GHz LOF 1570 GHz FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANTQ239 With reference to the Vote of No-confidence consider the following statements :1 It shows disapproval amp results in the resignation of ministers2 It is directed against the entire cabinet but not against an individual minister3 No-confidence motions may not require reasons for the motion to be specifiedSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans C No Confidence may lead to compulsory resignation of the council of ministers or other position-holders whereas Censure is meant to show disapproval and does not result in the resignation of ministers The censure motion can be against an individual minister or a group of ministers but the no-confidence motion is directed against the entire cabinet censure motions may need to state the reasons for the motion while no-confidence motions may not require reasons to be specified In India a Motion of No Confidence can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha the lower house of the Parliament of India The motion is admitted for discussion when a minimum of 50 members of the house support the motion With the anti-defection law Vote of no-confidence has no relevance left in case the majority party has an absolute majority in the House If the majority party with an absolute majority in the House issues whip to vote party members in favor of the Government then it is impossible to remove the Government by no-confidence motion Hence the no-confidence exercise of House merely becomes the no-confidence exercise of the Party FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ238 Which of the following determines the amount of phytoplanktons in the ocean water 1 Ocean Currents 2 Temperature amp Salinity 3 Depth of ocean water4 Length of day amp timeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 123B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 4D 1234Ans D These are the autotrophic self-feeding components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans seas and freshwater basin ecosystems when present in high enough numbers some varieties may be noticeable as colored patches on the water surface due to the presence of chlorophyll within their cells and accessory pigments such as phycobiliproteins or xanthophylls in some species Phytoplankton are photosynthesizing microscopic organisms that inhabit the upper sunlit layer of almost all oceans and bodies of fresh water on Earth They are agents for primary production the creation of organic compounds from carbon dioxide dissolved in the water a process that sustains the aquatic food web In terms of numbers the most important groups of phytoplankton include the diatoms cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates although many other groups of algae are represented In oligotrophicoceanic regions such as the Sargasso Sea or the South Pacific Gyre phytoplankton is dominated by the small sized cells called picoplankton and nanoplankton also referred to as picoflagellates and nanoflagellates mostly composed of Synechococcus and picoeucar |
