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COVID deaths continue to spike in Russia |
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Unsafe unprofessional intercept of US bomber by Russian aircraft over the Black Sea |
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KATY FROM RUSSIA |
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After Russia Turkey Might Deploy Its Own Peacekeeping Forces In F-16 Suddenly “Disappears” From Radar |
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Watch this! From Russia with love as Iamthemorning release new video |
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Putin: Russia’s COVID-19 vaccine “Satellite-V” will be produced in China and India |
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State Secretary of the Russian-Belarusian Union: There is no sign of Russia annexing Belarus |
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Su-25 Grach: This Russian Fighter Is the Ultimate Warrior |
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First Bilingual Being English Russian PDF 177285771 |
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Russia Has Sold 180000000000 In Military Gear in Last |
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RUSSIAN FILM FESTIVAL nos trae un mes de cine ruso gratis en streaming |
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Putin ‘Alarmed’ by Russia’s Spike in Virus Deaths |
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China’s Military Is a Powerhouse Thanks to Russia |
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Putin ‘Alarmed’ by Russia’s Spike in Virus Deaths |
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Saudi Russia outline record oil cut under US pressure as demand crashes |
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Live: ISS Expedition 64 Russian spacewalk underway |
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Прием заявок для участия в WORLDSKILLS RUSSIA |
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Has the Age of Chinese Naval Supremacy Arrived Russia |
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Microsoft: Hackers From Russia and North Korea Targeting Vaccine Makers Via Cyber Attacks |
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Russia’s ‘New’ Tu-160M2 Strategic Bomber: A Waste of Rubles |
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Study in Russia |
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Russian online retailer Ozon eyes nearly 1 billion in US IPO |
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Kubilius Astravyets – why do the Latvians need to import electrical power from Russia |
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Injured Humpback Whale Migrates From Russia to Southern California |
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Loman 4 other Filipinos being eyed by Brave to compete in Russia |
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Russian Hour Beats |
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Emirates Confirms Future A380 Deliveries and Boost A380 Flights to UK and Russia |
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Russian Entrepreneur Yuri Milner Wants to Probe Saturn’s Moons |
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Court jails mother 2 children for trafficking teenager to Russia |
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Market Reports On Russia |
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Nagorno-Karabakh today – Turkey has hung flags at the posts of Azerbaijan in Russia the photos are assessed as new realities |
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The Air Force Sent Its D-21 Drone to Spy on Russia |
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Ozon Sets Price for Blockbuster 5Bln Share Sale in Quest to Be Russia’s Amazon |
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Pre Wedding Russia |
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Biden Must Seek to Reduce Tensions With China and Russia |
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China India to produce Russian COVID-19 vaccine |
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Russian Volume Lashes – Single Trays – 16 Lines |
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Подготовка к World Skills Russia |
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Presenting Maria Borovskaia a Top Russian Interior Designer |
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Russian Lolita |
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Made in Russia: сооснователь бренда Flashin’ Инна Онор — об экологичном производстве «карантинной» моде и диалоге с клиентом |
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Watch Live: Russian spacewalk will prepare space station for new module |
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Rumored Buzz On Mailorder Russian Brides Exposed |
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Russian scholarships for Bangladeshi Students: Full Free for Masters! |
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Russia to Build Naval Facility in Sudan |
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Russian Girl Making Goan Style King Fish Fry |
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БРАУНОВ ГАЗ Brown’s Gas Russian Bulgarian |
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ЧАВО в Pirates Uber Alles amp Russian Company |
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Putin approves Russia and Sudan to sign an agreement on the establishment of a Russian navy logistics support point |
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Архив мероприятий Nismo-club Russia |
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RussiaPostsu |
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Russia airlifts 64 pieces of military equipment for peacekeepers in Karabakh in one day |
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Far Eastern Federal University the highest-ranking university in eastern Russia |
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Ghost Church in Rostov Russia |
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Heets Creation Glaze – New Limited Edition Heated Sticks – Russian |
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China is good – Russia is no less |
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Russian River Selections |
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Obama visits the Russian president Vladimir Putin |
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Vladimir Putin touts Russian virus vaccines at BRICS summit |
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‘Skull and bones’ found in road through Russia’s Siberia region |
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PRCA запускает PRCA Russia для повышения стандартов коммуникационной и PR отрасли в России |
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Strange church in Russia |
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61st International Mathematical Olympiad Saint-Petersburg Russia |
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add close Generation Я: Programs for Russian Speakers |
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PH Ambassador to Russia meets with incoming Russian Ambassador to the Philippines |
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Coronavirus Vaccine- Russia Found Corona vaccine |
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An open-source automated script that tracks Realme devices’ official ROMs It supports Global Europe India Russia and China regions Here you’ll find the latest updates for your device along with all old versions archive! |
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North Korea Russia now Linked with New Ferry Service |
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Online Moscow Experience: Russian Home Cooking Class |
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International Conference united representatives from 39 countries: Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Canada Cot d’ivoire Czech China Estonia Finland France Germany Great Britain Israel Iraq Iran Ireland Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Lebanon Moldova Netherlands New Guinea Palestine Poland Portugal Russia Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia South Korea Syria Sweden Turkey USA Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam |
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Coronavirus mutations appearing in Siberia: Russian scientists |
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Финал VIII Национального чемпионата Молодые профессионалы WorldSkills Russia 2020 по компетенции Организация экскурсионных услуг |
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Agreement signed by Armenia Russia and Azerbaijan to end Karabakh war |
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Contact British High Commision for Visas etc British High Our website -not linked to ukinindiacom not ukinindia but ukindia Ukindia Transfer Money to India Money India Advertise Pay by Results whatever you think appropriate -fill this form EntertainmentFilms DVD ReviewsLyricsAli Ikram’s Film Movies EntertainmentZee TV Regional Events Cinema Radio Shows Friends/Matrimonial Male FemaleSinglesHotels TravelLearn to ReadTamilGujarati Punjabi HindiLearn to topicsLearn to ReadArabicGreekEnglish Russian HebrewFAQMathematicsTouch web designBooksRegular items Mathur’s India Monitor ColumnSaba Regular items DrugsRegular itemsEssay CompetitionSheena’s JokesUrdu ShairiWrite to us Essays IdeasLetters News fromIndia PakistanUK Inventions NeededShops Sweet Restaurants Jewellery Video Other Property For Sale Wanted BusinessCarsRecipesBalti Services/Jobs Offered Doctors Banners External Links Find on the InternetBBC AsiaMahesh IndiaUK BookstoreHoli and Diwali Cards Find on the TV and RadioUSA IndiaBusinessSingapore News HinduTimes of Links News Links CNNUsenet Search Usenet ArchivesNews Links India Net Internet More LinksBrit MuseumSoccerTV GuideMagazines ESL students use writing tips from To write better research papers Jewishcouncilinfo – free dissertation writing samples for Indian students Paperhelp to help you write papers A donation of 5 is suggested to help us develop this site and language lessons further We hope to add sound clips to the language lessons soon Make it payable to Ukindia The address is Ukindia POBox 346 Nottingham UK Please send an email with your comments This will help us to develop this site further Your comments/adverts -max 100 Standard disclaimers apply Comments/adverts may be edited all are accepted in good faith SpiritualHindu Astrology RadioSunrise on 500 SW 1458 MW and via Astra Satellite Audio channel on Sky Movieslt Place your own Advert – Pay by Results – whatever you think appropriate Back to the Top |
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Laravel Framework Russian Community |
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LingvoSoft Russian Online dictionaries |
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Legal problems of forming genetic information banks in Russia |
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IKRA – Russian eggplant caviar/Russian aubergine caviar |
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On September 24-27 2019 the 5th International Workshop on Effective Supervision and Consultations with the Private Sector will be held in Kazan city Russian Federation under the auspices of the Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism EAG Federal Financial Monitoring Service Rosfinmonitoring and International Training and Methodology Centre for Financial Monitoring ITMCFM |
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GTA Criminal Russia Multiplayer |
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Hi I’m Irena Domingo In this blog I will show you how to organize your trip to Russia in the easiest and cheapest way… |
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Moscow ready to release correspondence with US on alleged Russian election meddling |
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RUSSIA |
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Russian for everybody |
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Canada USA Australia Malaysia Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Germany Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta the Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Norway Iceland Liechtenstein Sweden United Kingdom Andorra Vatican Monaco San Marino Cyprus Switzerland Israel Syria Singapore Hong Kong New Zealand Iran Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Japan and the Russian Federation Belarus |
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Audio / Russian Rap → Руставели – Дикая охота |
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The war in Georgia and Russian markets |
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72 Trumps 13 Merkels 2 Stalins: Research finds more Russians named their dogs after US president than any other world leader |
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Russian Fashion Retail Forum Итоги и интересные новости |
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Iron Madness Or What Russian Tourists Want |
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Xiaomi Mi 8 Pro is getting MIUI 12 update in Russia |
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Xiaomi Mi 8/8 Pro getting MIUI 12 stable update in Russia |
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Pagine di Russia 2018 dal 6 all’11 novembre a Bari |
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Russian parliament backs Karabakh peacekeeping mission |
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Mueller Does Not Have Evidence That The IRA Was Part of Russian Government Meddling |
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05Oct15 Germany Poland and Russia take Shanghai World Cup gold medals in semi-typhoon conditions at Bi Hai Jin Sha Water Park during China’s massive Golden Week celebrations |
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22Apr13 EampA Coaches and Judges Development Seminar held in St Petersburg -Russia – |
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Ukraine’s Putschist Regime Planning Belligerent Provocation Along Russia’s Border |
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Watch this! From Russia with love as Iamthemorning release |
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Сотрудники лаборатории экологической биохимии ИЭВБ РАН ОА Розенцвет ВН Нестеров ЕС Богданова опубликовали свою работу «Lipids of Halophyte Species Growing in Lake Elton Region South East of the European Part of Russia» в книге «Handbook of Halophytes» международного издательства Springer |
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Russia built 3 of the most modern bridges in the world in less than a decade |
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Greece Bulgaria hail deal targeting Russia gas dominance – AP NEWS |
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Watch Russia |
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World Powers Russia China and others refuse to acknowledge Joe Biden as President-Elect citing Trump’s legal action |
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TATIANA MOROZOVA RUSSIA |
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Russia to establish strategic naval facility in Sudan |
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Microsoft: Russian North Korean hackers target vaccine work |
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Gamazda Extremely Talented Piano Player From Russia |
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Old Russian city |
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We specialize in engaging with multi-cultural audiences by creating culturally relevant content We develop and/or translate every form of creative in Arabic Chinese Korean Russian Spanish Tagalog and Vietnamese |
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According to the EAG and FATF global network activities plan for the second half of 2019 and the decision taken by the 30th EAG Plenary meeting held in Moscow Russian Federation an assessor training seminar for EAG experts will be held from 24 to 25 September 2019 in Kazan Russian Federation |
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HFZA Conducted Business Symposium at Moscow Russia |
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Watch this! From Russia with love as Iamthemorning release new to this! Mush release new track Blunt Instruments |
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U//FOUO DHS Bulletin: Russia Likely to Continue Seeking to Undermine Faith in US Electoral Process |
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The Keystone Speculator Coronavirus COVID-19 Infection Rate Model Update 11/15/20 US Reports 188K Daily New Cases Highest Ever 40 US States Report Highest Daily New Cases Ever US Coronavirus Cases Top 11 Million and Deaths Exceed 251K 29 Worst Countries Include Russia Ukraine Indonesia Turkey United States Spain Italy Germany Austria Sweden Hungary UK Canada Mexico Japan and South Korea Europe and North America in Various Lockdown Stages Global Coronavirus Cases Near 55 Million and Deaths Exceed 13 Million President ‘Sore Loser’ Trump Refuses to Concede to President-Elect Biden Almost 2 Weeks After Election Threatening the Transition of Power and New US COVID-19 Response Plan Medical Staff Shortages Americans Begin Hoarding Again COVID-19 1-YEAR ANNIVERSARY Coronavirus Article 25 |
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Mosglobal exporting fresh fruitvegetables and citrus with years of experience received from the founder of the company exports the flavors of Turkey on its product basis to a number of European and Middle Eastern countries especially Russia with its extensive logistics fleet |
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Русская завалила кастинг! 21 / Russian girl flunked casting! 21 |
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Publié par Russian Mistress 36 ans – mercredi 18 novembre – 13:06 |
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GVM Russia является частью холдинга сети поликлиник и больниц |
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«Lipids of Halophyte Species Growing in Lake Elton Region South East of the European Part of Russia» |
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Eggnog gifts and stockings rarely come into play for Orthodox Christians who view Christmas as a time to fast pray and care for the poor Many Orthodox Christians –found predominantly in Belarus Greece Romania Russia and Ukraine – celebrate the holiday on Epiphany 7 January when they light a small fire of frankincense and palms a religiously significant plant to commemorate the wise men’s gifts to baby Jesus and light candles to represent the light of Christ seen here in the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia Bulgaria AFP/Getty Images |
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RESULTS / SONUÇLAR 2020 TBGT: ISTAVDER 12th ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON FESTIVITYFebruary 27-March 1 2020 Istanbul CHAMPIONSHIP 360: 1-Dinçer Günes 2-Samet Kurtulmus 3-Cüneyt Argun Genç 4-Shay Asraff Israel 5-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan 6-Argun Erkaya 7-Ercan Akin 8-Ahmet Kurtulmus 9-Sertaç Avnioglu 10-Mete Topçuoglu 11-Meral Yilmaz 12-Hakan Ergüç 1C-Ismail Güçlü 2C-Faysal Sabuncuoglu 1LC-Gabi Forster Germany 2LC-Okan Koçak SKODA CUP FINAL 128: 1-Fuat Erdag 2-Burak Çulhacı 3/4-Hakan Ergüç / Erkan Nayir 12th ANNIVERSARY CONSULTATION DOUBLES CHAMPIONSHIP 128: 1-Hakan Ertekin amp Asur Yildirim 2-Murat Isin amp Himself 3/4 Marcel Büker Germany amp Dietmar Mönch Germany / Ricardo Malas Spain amp Himself WORLD TEAM vs TURKISH NATIONAL TEAM 2: 1-Turkish National Team: Ali Çetin Belene Erhan Yenisen Cihangir Çetinel Cüneyt Argun Genç Ibrahim Karaca 2-World Team: Masayuki Mochizuki Japan Michihito Kageyama Japan Marc B Olsen Denmark Juergen R Orlowski Germany Eli Roymi Israel LADIES TOURNAMENT 16: 1-Diana Merlusca Romania 2-Ayla Ercan SPEEDGAMMON 128: 1-Michael Weidner Germany 2-Cengiz Dindar ONE POINT 1 64: 1-Chiva K Tafazzoli IranONE POINT 2 64: 1-Karmen AcunONE POINT 3 64: 1-Cesur KayaONE POINT 4 64: 1-Ilyas YavuzONE POINT 5 64: 1-Gökay Güleç TEAM CHALLENGE 16 teams: 1-Team Göztepe: Adnan Kuzu Erkul Sen Gökay Güleç Serdar Güray Muhsin Yayintas 2-Team Germany: Bernd Schmidt Michael Weidner Marcel Geist Bernd Galke Mehmet Ali Erten SUPER JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Ozan GündogduSUPER JACKPOT 2 16: 1-Aykut Uzel SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Hossein Paknahad Iran Abdullah Ser Marcel Büker Germany Kadir Orhan France Loridas Evangelas Greece Burak Hakki Tutku Beyit North Cyprus HONORARY MEMBER AWARDS: Ricardo Malas Spain Masayuki Mochizuki Japan Michihito Kageyama Japan Marc B Olsen Denmark Juergen R Orlowski Germany Eli Roymi Israel Chiva K Tafazzoli Iran THANKS AWARDS: Murat Murat Greece Sinan Sütçüoglu Engin Ozartan Sefik Gedikoglu Ali Olgun Ali Alçelik Ali Yaldiz ————————————————————— TBGT: 2020 BURSA BACKGAMMON OPENFebruary 1-2 2020 Bursa CHAMPIONSHIP SWISS 170: 1-Hakan Ergüç 2-Ergun Sen 3-Adnan Kuzu 4-Erhan Yenisen 5-Bülent Bahar 6-Vedat Altuglu DOUBLES CONSULTATION 1 16: 1-Umur Aras amp Murat HazirDOUBLES CONSULTATION 2 16: 1-Tamer Aydogan amp Yakup AydoganDOUBLES CONSULTATION 3 16: 1-Dinçer Günes amp M Hulusi TümerDOUBLES CONSULTATION 4 16: 1-Eyüp Durmus amp Irfan MizrakçiDOUBLES CONSULTATION 5 16: 1-Erkan Nayir amp Ilyas YavuzDOUBLES CONSULTATION 6 16: 1-Merve Çalisir amp Serkan ÇalisirDOUBLES CONSULTATION 7 16: 1-Ismail A Mesta amp Erkul Sen SPEEDGAMMON 128: 1-Erdogan Kiliç 2-Hüseyin Özdag DMP CHALLENGE 1 64: 1-Sait AcarDMP CHALLENGE 2 64: 1-Servet DemirDMP CHALLENGE 3 64: 1-Gökay GüleçDMP CHALLENGE 4 64: 1-Erdogan Kiliç SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Refik Vural Gamze Koç Umut Gökgöz ————————————————————— TBGT: 25th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENJanuary 4-5 2020 Istanbul CHAMPIONSHIP SWISS 199: 1-Ismail Güçlü 2-Metin Ates 3-Yasin Okal 4-Sinan Sütçüoglu 5-Samet Kurtulmus 6-Serdar Önen DOUBLES CONSULTATION 1 16: 1-Sefik Gedikoglu amp Umut SariDOUBLES CONSULTATION 2 16: 1-Hakan Ertekin amp Asur YildirimDOUBLES CONSULTATION 3 16: 1-Faysal Sabuncuoglu amp SelfDOUBLES CONSULTATION 4 16: 1-Ercan Akin amp Tayfun MataraciDOUBLES CONSULTATION 5 16: 1-Alp Yilmaz amp Self DOUBLES CONSULTATION 6 16: 1-Dinçer Günes amp Ilyas YavuzDOUBLES CONSULTATION 7 16: 1-Hakan Iplik amp F Hakan Uncuoglu DMP CHALLENGE 1 64: 1-Erkan NayirDMP CHALLENGE 2 64: 1-Nedim DagasanDMP CHALLENGE 3 64: 1-Gürsel DinçbilekDMP CHALLENGE 4 64: 1-Ahmet K BaykalogullariDMP CHALLENGE 5 64: 1-Okan KoçakDMP CHALLENGE 6 64: 1-Tunç Çelik SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Celal Akarsu Ali Olgun Tayfun Mataraci —————————————- 2019 PashaBGT – 18th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 13-15 2019 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 200: 1-Dinçer Günes Turkey 2-Felix Ziva Israel 3-Petri Pietilä Finland 4-Kemal Okal Turkey 5-Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey 6-Sebastian Wilkinson England 7-Mehmet Hulusi Tümer Turkey 8-Mikael Vardanyan Russia 9-Ralf Jonas Germany 10-Aykut Uzel Turkey 11-Leon Dorel Romania 12-Boris Mamporia Georgia 1C-Eli Roymi Israel 2C-Burak Çulhaci Turkey 1LC-Nodar Gagua Georgia 2LC-Mohammad Amin Shafiei DOUBLES CONSULTATION 64 Teams: 1-Artur Petrosyan Russia amp Vasily Chemokhonenko Russia 2-Juergen Orlowski Germany amp Sven Rümcker Germany 3/4-Fabrizo Lo Surdo Italy amp Lorenzo Rusconi Italy / Vincent De Nardi France amp Stéphane Tremet France SUPER JACKPOT 64: 1-Vincent De Nardi France 2-Gil Davidovic Israel 3-David Presser Israel 4-Kemal Erdem Turkey SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Yasar Karamahmutoglu Turkey 2-Amir Eshraghi Iran DMP 1 64: 1-Ricardo Malas LebanonDMP 2 64: 1-Pelin Yetkinel Turkey LADIES TOURNAMENT 12: 1-Aysel Güzel Turkey 2-Gizem Kasimoglu Turkey BEGINNERS 12: 1-Turgut Besgüller Cyprus 2-Mehmet Gürses Cyprus FM CHOUETTE 10: 1-Toni Bernaba Lebanon 2-Ali Ünver Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Deniz Özuçer Turkey Ayten Özkan Turkey Eric McAlpine England ————————————————————— TBGT – 2019 BACKGAMMON SUPER FINALDecember 11-13 2019 Nicosia North Cyprus SUPER FINAL 90: 1-Ali Çetin Belene 2-Hisar Uyar 3-Murat Hazir 4-Murat Murat 5/6/7-Turan Kaya / Umur Aras / Cüneyt Argun Genç 8/9/10-Niyazi Alisan / Kemal Okal / Yasin Okal ————————————————————— TBGT – 24th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENNovember 9-10 2019 Istanbul OPEN 186: 1-Ibrahim Karaca 2/12-Aykut Uzel / Selahattin Hacıoğlu /Avni Arslan/Cüneyt Argun Genç/Ömer Mert Gülaçtı/Aziz Çelikkaya/Murat Murat/Sinan Sütçüoğlu/İrfan Erkan/Burak Çulhacı/Mehmet Hulusi Tümer/ SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Çağın Altınay Sait Acar Cihantaç Eroğlu ————————————————————— TBGT – 2nd BODRUM BACKGAMMON OPENOctober 4-6 2019 Bodrum OPEN 188: 1-Tugrul Sezgin 2-Hakan Ergüç 3/11-Mürsel Ay / Murat Murat / Bülent Erciyas / Niyazi Alisan / Cihangir Çetinel / Seref Seroglu / Sinan Sütçüoglu / Meral Yilmaz / Kemal Okal DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Oktay Kurhan amp Bahattin Uzunoglu 2-Mahmut Köse DMP CHALLENGE 64: 1-Muhsin Yayintas SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: A Kamil Baykalogullari Serap Mercan Mücella Özandaç ————————————————————— TBGT – ISTANBUL AUTUMN BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 7-8 2019 Istanbul Turkey OPEN 187: 1-Ali Çetin Belene 2-Orhan Bitlisli 3/10-Erhan Yenisen / Fuat Erdag / Mehmet Adil Arda / Okan Koçak / Cüneyt Argun Genç / Emrullah Cosar / Mahir Kasuto / Kemal Erdem YOUTH TOURNAMENT 12: 1-Zülfikar Bozbey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Haldun Engin Birsen Bulut Vedat Altuglu ————————————————————— TBGT – ISTANBUL SUMMER OPENJune 29-30 2019 Istanbul Turkey OPEN 214: 1-Gürbüz Agirman 2-Hamza Nar 3-Ali Çetin Belene 4/12-Ümit Tanoglu / Fuat Erdag / Ali Ünver / Hüseyin Özdag / Yasin Okal / Aziz Çelikkaya / Erdogan Kiliç / Mahir Kasuto / Kemal Erdem DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Bahattin Uzunoglu amp Oktay Kurhan 2-Meral Yilmaz amp Serkan Üztürk YOUTH TOURNAMENT12: 1-Muhammed Enes Kusat SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Gamze Demirkol Özdag Seref Seroglu Ismail Aydin Mesta ————————————————————— PashaBGT – 17th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENMay 3-5 2019 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 112: 1-Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia 2-Ali Cihangir Çetinel Turkey 3-Juergen Orlowski Germany 4-Ömer Mert Gülaçti Turkey 5-Umur Aras Turkey 6-Mehmet Ali Akpolat Turkey 7-Yasin Okal Turkey 8/9/10-Nissim Murciano Israel / Jacob Omrad Israel / Soinguli Amirov Georgia 1LC-Mihai Catalin Arminia Romania 2LC-Kemal Okal Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 4321 rebuys: 1-Caner Cenk Çorbacioglu Turkey amp Murat Hazir Turkey 2-Adam Prager Israel amp Ilya Meglashvili Israel 3/4-Fuat Erdag Turkey amp Cüneyt Argun Genç Turkey / Yoav Ida Israel SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Yuri Akopov Russia 2-Ozan Özgür Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 6×8: Mahir Gursoy Turkey Atilla Inanli Turkey Dincer Gunes Turkey Albert Khodadd Israel Yuri Akopov Russia Jean Abi Haidar Lebanon Selahattin Hacioglu Turkey LADIES TOURNAMENT 8: 1-Pelin Yeltekin Turkey 2-Funda Dogan Turkey WARM-UP 32: 1-Shay Asraff Israel 2-Sounguli Amirov Georgia SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Esra Özkan Turkey Nesrin Becerici Turkey Muhsin Yayintas Turkey ————————————————————— TBGT – 8th ANKARA OPENMarch 23-24 2019 Ankara Türkiye OPEN200 1-Kemal Erdem 2-Cihangir Çetinel 3/12 Erkan Alişan Caner Çetin Alp Yılmaz Şeref Şeroğlu İlyas Yavuz İbrahim Karaca Meral Yılmaz Yasin Okal Gürbüz Ağırman Erdoğan Kılıç SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Erdem Ucal Banu Sertbaş Ayla Ercan ————————————————————— TBGT – ISTAVDER 11th ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON FESTIVITYFebruary 28-March 3 2019 Istanbul Turkey CHAMPIONSHIP 330: 1-Umur Aras 2-Mihai Catalin Armania Romania 3/4-Ivaylo Zahariev Bulgaria / Ozan Ozgur 5/6-Sabri Büyüksoy / Juergen Orlowski Germany 7/8/9/10-Nedim Yardimci / Hisar Uyar / Erhan Yenisen / Michael Weidner Germany 1C-Sefik Gedikoglu 2C-Cuneyt Argun Genc 1LC-Mohammedreza Moeinfar Iran 2LC-Milen Angelov Bulgaria Undefeated Player 10 Rounds 10 Wins: Umur Aras 11th ANNIVERSARY CONSULTATION DOUBLES CHAMPIONSHIP 128: 1-Ozan Ozgur amp Alaattin Ozaltun 2-Umur Aras amp Murat Hazir 3/4 Shahab Navari Iran amp Pouya Rajabi Iran / Payam Homayoun Iran amp Amir Abbas Pourbozorg Iran SASSANGAMMON 16: 1-Gamze Demirkol Ozdag 2-Marcel Geist Germany SPEEDGAMMON 1 64: 1-Hakan Fuat Uncuoglu 2-Gamze Demirkol OzdagSPEEDGAMMON 2 32: 1-Amin Shahvalizadeh Iran 2-Marcel Geist Germany ONE POINT 1 64: 1-Salih Kayali Northern CyprusONE POINT 2 64: 1-Levent Efendi Northern Cyprus SUPER JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Selahattin HaciogluSUPER JACKPOT 2 16: 1-Yasemen AtabeySUPER JACKPOT 3 16: 1-Oktay LokbasSUPER JACKPOT 4 16: 1-Deniz Kizilbora Northern Cyprus SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Jalil Khalili Iran Najibullah Salamzy Afghanistan Osman Ozturk Yasemen Atabey Bogidar Iliev Bulgaria Phil Simborg USA Nedim Yardimci Scarlet Serrero France ————————————————————— TBGT – “NECATI DOGANASLAN MEMORIAL” TOURNAMENT 23rd ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENJanuary 19-20 2019 Istanbul OPEN 254: 1-Ibrahim Karaca 2-Erdinc Gunalp 3/14-Alpaslan Oguz / Caner Çetin / Caglayan Aras / Erhan Yenisen / Ersin Narman / Hakan Tosun / Hilmi Gochan / Mehmet Ali Akpolat / Murat Isin / Murat Yavuz / Ozan Ozgur / Refik Vural SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Murat Cengiz Alpaslan Goktay Mehmet Pektezcan ————————————————————— 2018 PashaBGT – 16th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 14-16 2018 Kyrenia North Cyprus OPEN 146: 1-Eli Roymi Israel 2-Mahmut Berkant Bilgi Turkey 3-Mihai Catalin Arminia Romania 4-Gavriel Menasherov Israel 5-Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey 6-Felix Ziva Israel 1LC-Erhan Yenisen Turkey 2LC-Takis Chatzelis Greece DOUBLES CONSULTATION 4618 rebuys: 1-Fatih Bellice Turkey amp Ali Unver Turkey 2-Mislav Kovacic Croatia amp Burak Çulhaci Turkey 3/4-Özan Ozgür Turkey amp Sefik Gedikoglu Turkey / Yuri Akopov Russia amp Fatyhov Ayrat Russia SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Çaglar Erdogan Turkey 2-Kemal Okal Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 6×8: Ufuk Aksak Turkey Çaglar Erdogan Turkey Dinçer Günes Turkey Abdullah Ser Turkey Cihangir Çetinel Turkey Sounguli Amirov Georgia AFTER TOURNAMENT 1 16: 1-Dursun Çetin TurkeyAFTER TOURNAMENT 2 16: 1-Alaattin Özaltun Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Billur Gürbüz Turkey Deniz Ali Erten Turkey Radovan Perovic Montenegro ————————————————————— TBGT – 22nd ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENNovember 10-11 2018 Istanbul CHAMPIONSHIP 236: 1-Cemalettin Yüksel 2-Kenan Senman 3-Murat Isin 4-Berkant Bilgi 5-Okan Koçak 6-Mehmet Ali Akpolat 1LC-Roohollah Amiri Andy Iran 2LC-Çaglayan Aras DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Cesur Kaya amp Niyazi Ünlütürk 2-Kadri Almaç amp Ersin Narman CLUBS CHALLENGE 12 teams: 1-Adanademirspor 1-POINTER 1 64: 1-Deniz Kizilbora1-POINTER 2 64: 1-Hasan Yigiter JACKPOT WINNERS 4X8: Dursun Çetin Kemal Erdem Gökay Gülec Aytug Yigit SPECIAL AWARDS: Sabri Büyüksoy Ferhat Düztaslik Salih Ekici ————————————————————— PashaBGT – 15th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENMay 4-6 2018 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 102: 1-Ercan Güleç Turkey 2-David Presser Israel 3-Süleyman Ayvaz Erdogdu 4-Kemal Okal 5-Aykut Uzel 6-Toni Bernaba Lebanon 1LC-Ozan Özgür 2LC-Murat Kizilsimsek Undefeated Player 6 Rounds 6 Wins: Aykut Uzel DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Ali Çetin Belene amp Ibrahim Karaca 2-Vecdi KalyoncuampRecep Sari3/4- Fuat Erdag amp Erhan Yenisen / Erkan Nayir amp Murat Murat SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Dinçer Günes 2-David Presser Israel DMP CHALLENGE 64: 1-Cansu Mete JACKPOT WINNERS 6×8: Hamza Nar Toni Bernaba Lebanon Alaattin Özaltun Soinguli Amirov Georgia Simon Kennedy Rose England Simon Pankvelashvili Georgia AFTER TOURNAMENT 16: Ozan Gundogdu SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Simon Kennedy Rose England Rami Malas Spain Sevki Tüzen ————————————————————— PASHABGT – ISTAVDER 10th ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTFebruary 22-25 2018 Istanbul CHAMPIONSHIP 400: 1-Juergen Orlowski Germany 2-Mehmet Ali Akpolat 3-Ufuk Aksak 4-Bülent Bahar 5-Manouchehr Parcham Sweden 6-Kenan Senman 7-Chiva Tafazzoli Germany 8-Askin Ozuyguntas 9-Levan Karali Georgia 10-Burak Çulhaci 1C-Rosen Stoyanov Bulgaria 2C-Zeki Gonden 1LC-Serdar Özkaya 2LC-Necmettin Saltkaya Northern Cyprus Undefeated Player 10 rounds: Bülent Bahar 10th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 128 teams: 1-Selin Kurt Talipoglu amp Adnan Tayfur 2-Ilker Gochan amp Hilmi Gochan 3/4 Bakar Matikashvili amp Karen Sarkisyan Georgia / Olga Komarova amp Georgi Maksoev Russia SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Cagla Erten 2-Umut Gokgoz TEAM CHALLENGE 32 Teams: 1-Sabri Büyüksoy Dinçer Günes amp Hakan Iplik ONE POINT 1: 64 Deniz Kizilbora Northern CyprusONE POINT 2: 64 Gündüz GünesONE POINT 3: 64 Milad Jafari IranONE POINT 4: 64 Necmettin Saltkaya Northern CyprusONE POINT 5: 64 Mustafa Güneralp SUPER JACKPOT 1: 16 Abdullah SerSUPER JACKPOT 2: 16 Sedat BicakciSUPER JACKPOT 3: 16 Simon Pankvelashvili GeorgiaSUPER JACKPOT 4: 16 Serkan Calisir SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Omer Olgun Amir Abbas Iran Gökay Gülec Ibrahim Terzi Halit Vercin Ali Yaldiz Ulvi Cangazi Mehmet Ali Erten Germany ————————————————————— 2017 PashaBGT – 14th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 15-17 2017 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 117: 1-Damjan Plesec Slovenia 2-Hamza Nar 3-Burak Çulhaci 4-Soinguli Amirov Georgia 5-Ozan Gündogdu 6-Emrullah Cosar 1LC-Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia 2LC-David Presser Israel DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Adnan Tayfuramp Ayhan Yaz 2-Ali Cihangir Çetinel amp Caner Cenk Çorbacioglu 3/4-Fevzi Aslioglu amp Abdullah Ser / David Presser Israel amp Felix Ziva Israel SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-David Presser Israel 2-Alaattin Özaltun Turkey DMP CHALLENGE 64: 1-Zehra Aydin Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 6×8: Kemal Erdem Serkan Calisir Toni Bernaba Lebanon Alaattin Özaltun Soinguli Amirov Georgia Ali Çetin Belene AFTER TOURNAMENT 16: 1-Berkant Bilgi Turkey 2-Mehmet Ali Akpolat Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Halil Tulan Turkey/Switzerland Emir Erten Turkey TBGT SUPER FINAL 64: 1-Bülent Bahar 2-Burak Çulhacı 3-Dinçer Günes 4-Onur Vurur 5-Erdinç Bayindir 6-Burhan Yilmazer 1C-Ibrahim Karaca 2C-Erol Yas 3C/4C-Ufuk Aksak / Kemal Okal ————————————————————— TBGT – 21st ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENNovember 11-12 2017 Istanbul OPEN 220: 1-Ufuk Aksak 2-Serdar Özkaya 3-Berkant Bilgi 4-Bülent Bahar 5-Bülent Karabulut 6-Cihangir Cetinel 1LC- Hakan Eraslan 2LC-Sedat Bicakci DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Ali Yaldiz amp Hasan Yigiter 2-Murat Murat Greece amp Erkan Nayir 1-POINTER 1 64: 1-Gökay Gülec1-POINTER 2 64: 1-Fevzi Aslioglu1-POINTER 3 64: 1-Ayhan Yaz JACKPOT WINNERS 5×8: Fatih Bellice Zafer Tas Serkan Calisir Dursun Çetin Zeki Gonden Selahattin Hacioglu SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Nihat Bayraktar Zeki Gonden Ayhan Yaz Necati Doganaslan Cuneyt Ozteoman Cihantac Eroglu ————————————————————— TBGT – 1st ANTALYA OPENMay 19-21 2017 AntalyaOPEN 67: 1-Murat Cengiz 2-Oktay Kurhan 3-Ufuk Aksak 4-Deniz Kizilbora 5-Murat Yavuz6-Erol Yas 1LC- Ismail Yigit 2LC- Adnan KuzuDOUBLES CONSULTATION 32: 1-Serkan Calisir amp Merve Calisir 2-Gokay Gulec amp Caner CamDMP CHALLENGE 64: 1-Caner Cenk Corbacioglu DMP CHALLENGE 64: 1-Ozgur Sunalp KKTCSPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Cuneyt Ozteoman Abdullah Enis Cankir Sener Kirikkaya ————————————————————— PashaBGT – 13th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENMay 5-7 2017 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 84: 1-Mehmet Hulusi Tümer Turkey 2-Alaattin Özaltun Turkey 3-Fabrizio Lo Surdo Italy 4-Aykut Uzel Turkey 5-Berkant Bilgi Turkey 6-David Presser Israel 1LC-Neculai Draganuta Romania 2LC-Turan Kaya Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 64 teams: 1-Götz Hildsberg Germany amp Juergen Orlowski Germany 2-Ali Çetin Belene Turkey amp Ibrahim Karaca Turkey 3/4-Yavuz Genç Turkey amp Cansu Mete Turkey / Bulent Bahar Turkey amp Onur Vurur Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Fabrizio Lo Surdo Italy 2-Burak Çulhaci Turkey DMP CHALLENGE 1 64: 1-Deniz Kizilbora Northern CyprusDMP CHALLENGE 2 64: 1-Recep Sari Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 8×8: Serdar Ozkaya Turkey Umit Tanoglu Turkey Götz Hildsberg Germany AFTER TOURNAMENT 16: 1-Aykut Uzel Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Neslihan Ozbakir Turkey Gaby Gavriel Israel Erkan Nayir Turkey PASHA CUP 26: 1-Sevki Tuzen Turkey 2-Dursun Çetin Turkey ————————————————————— TBGT – 7th ANKARA BACKGAMMON OPENMarch 25-26 2017 Ankara Turkey OPEN 141: 1-Oktay Lökbas 2-Lemi Tu-men 3-Ali Çetin Belene 4-Onur Vurur 5-Abdullah Ozbakir 6-Ibrahim Karaca 7-Metin Okden 8-Turan Kaya 1LC-Mehmet Hulusi Tumer 2LC-Dinçer Günes 3LC/4LC-Ahmet Kamil Baykalogullari / Meral Ceylan DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Deniz Kizilbora Northern Cyprus amp Cengiz Dindar Northern Cyprus 2-Tansel Dogan amp Zafer Onder 1-POINTER 1 64: 1-Burhan Yilmazer1-POINTER 2 64: 1-Mehmet Hulusi Tumer1-POINTER 3 64: 1-Hikmet Tunç JACKPOT WINNERS 2×16: Rusen Ali Soylu Ercan Gulec SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Ayhan Karamahmut Zehra Aydin Ercan Akin TURKISH BACKGAMMON ASSOCIATION TBA HONOR AWARDS: Cihantac Eroglu Ufuk Aksak Fuat Erdag ————————————————————— PASHABGT-TBGT – ISTAVDER 9th ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTFebruary 23-26 2017 Istanbul Turkey CHAMPIONSHIP 422: 1/3-Ali Cihangir Çetinel / Dinçer Günes / Bülent Karabulut 4-Mehmet Hulusi Tumer 5-Toni Bernaba Lebanon 6-Ulvi Cangazi 7-Eugene Cholombitko Ukraine 8-Alexey Chanturidze Russia 1C-Suat Seven 2C-Yakov Kudrin Russia 1LC-Murat Murat Greece 2LC-Kamran Sharifi Iran 9th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 128: 1-Tamaz Giorgobiana Georgia amp Abesadze Giorgi Georgia 2-Marcel Geist Germany amp Adnan Tayfur 3/4-Ali Çetin Belene amp Ibrahim Karaca / Abdullah Özbakir amp Neslihan Özbakir SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Aidin Mehtar Iran 2-Alireza Soltani Iran TEAM CHALLENGE 40 Teams: 1-Alsancak: Zeki Gönden / Tolgay Okumus / Ersin Narman 2-Persian Power: Aidin Mehtar Iran / Amin Shahvalizade Iran / Jalil Khalili Iran ONE POINT 1: 64 Deniz Kizilbora Northern CyprusONE POINT 2: 64 Sinan SutcuogluONE POINT 3: 64 Masoud Ahmadpour IranONE POINT 4: 64 Meral Ceylan SUPER JACKPOT 1: 16 Abdullah SerSUPER JACKPOT 2: 16 Alaattin ÖzaltunSUPER JACKPOT 3: 16 Babur Eren SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Erol Özsoy Celen Teran Northern Cyprus Hamidreze Shahrokhi Iran Alexandra Peycheva Bulgaria Ayla Karmen Acun ————————————————————— 2016 PashaBGT – 12th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 9-11 2016 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 85: 1-Ahmet Ercan Turkey 2-Eli Roymi Israel 3-Bulent Bahar Turkey 4-Abdullah Ser Turkey 5-Ibrahim Karaca Turkey 6/9-Tunç Onan Turkey / Tayfun Mataraci Turkey / Ozan Ozgur Turkey / Alaattin Ozaltun Turkey 1LC-Ibrahim Erdem Turkey 2LC-Bora Yurdun Turkey 3LC-Ufuk Aksak DOUBLES CONSULTATION 64 teams: 1-Ismail Yildiz Turkey amp Tunç Onan Turkey 2-Eli Roymi Israel amp Yoav Ida Israel 3/4-Fuat Erdag Turkey amp Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey / Mehmet Ali Akpolat Turkey amp Murat Hazir Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Ufuk Aksak Turkey 2-Cihangir Çetinel Turkey DMP CHALLENGE 64: 1-Oya Günes Turkey 2-Murat Ipek Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 8×8: Ricardo Malas Spain Murat Ipek Turkey Serkan Calisir Turkey Ismail Yildiz Turkey Ibrahim Erdem Turkey Cemalettin Yüksel Turkey Sergey Chertkov Russia Kemal Erdem Turkey €10000 FREEROLL PASHA CUP 32: 1-Dursun Çetin Turkey 2-Ricardo Malas Spain 3/4-Vecdi Kalyoncu Turkey Hamza Nar Turkey AFTER TOURNAMENT 32: 1-Ofir Balali Israel 2-Ibrahim Karaca Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Ozan Ozgur Turkey Giannis Pasialis Greece Rifat Candan Turkey ————————————————————— TBGT – 6th ANKARA OPEN BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENT November 12-13 2016 Ankara OPEN 135: 1-Metin Ökten 2-Kurtuluş Fikret 3-Mustafa Yılmaz 4-Hamza Nar 5-Necmettin Saltkaya KKTC 6-Mehmet Akiş 1LC-Ozan Özgür CONSULTATION DOUBLES 32: 1-Burhan Yılmazer amp Levent Salcı 2-Cemalettin YükselampDoğan Sunar ONE POINT 1: 64 Ilker Göçhan ONE POINT 2: 64 Cesur Kaya SUPER JACKPOT 1: 32 Hasan Eker SUPER JACKPOT 2: 32 Aykut Uzel SUPER JACKPOT 3: 16 Ercan Akın SUPER JACKPOT 4: 16 Ercan Güleç SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Caner Cenk Çorbacıoğlu Niyazi Genç Hakan Tosun Tozan Sarı KKTC Caner Çelik ————————————————————— TBGT – 20th ISTANBUL OPEN BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTSeptember 24-25 2016 Istanbul OPEN 194: 1-Murat Yavuz 2-Bulent Karabulut 3-Cihangir Çetinel 4-Serhat Keskin 5-Erdinc Mutlu 6-Hilmi Ugur Demir 1LC-Ferhat Nazli CONSULTATION DOUBLES 32: 1-Kadri Almac amp Ersin Narman 2-Mehmet Akis ampTunc Onan ONE POINTER 1: 64 Aykut UzelONE POINTER 2: 64 Zeki GöndenONE POINTER 3: 64 Necmettin Saltkaya Northern CyprusONE POINTER 4: 64 Bora Yurdun SUPER JACKPOT 1: 16 Aziz YilmazSUPER JACKPOT 2: 16 Kadri AlmacSUPER JACKPOT 3: 16 Ahmet Nergiz SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Ozgur Candir Oya Gunes Aziz Yilmaz PASHA BACKGAMMON FREE ENTRY PRIZE 42: Mehmet Kutlu Kucukyoruk ————————————————————— FMT – 11th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENMay 6-8 2016 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 88: 1-Stéphane Tremet France 2-Kemal Erdem Turkey 3-Ali Çetin Belene Turkey 4-Murat Murat Greece 5/8-Fuat Erdag Turkey / Tunç Onan Turkey / Masoud Farvareshi Iran / Berkant Bilge Turkey 1LC-Adnan Kuzu Turkey 2LC-Nachman Fridman Israel DOUBLES CONSULTATION 64 teams: 1-Götz Hildsberg Germany amp Juergen Orlowski Germany 2-Fuat Erdag Turkey amp Ilhan Koç Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Maya Peycheva Bulgaria 2-Shimon Kagan Israel 1-POINTER 64: 1-Deniz Kizilbora North Cyprus JACKPOT WINNERS 4×8: Nodar Gagua Georgia Serdar Ozkaya Turkey Serkan Calisir Turkey Ismail Yildiz Turkey Handan Erdag Turkey Deniz Kizilbora Turkey Gavriel Menasherov Israel SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Vecdi Kalyoncu Turkey Masoud Farvareshi Iran Tunç Onan Turkey €10000 FREEROLL PASHA CUP 21: 1-Oktay Lokbas Turkey 2-Ricardo Malas Spain 3/4-Mustafa Yilmaz Turkey Tunç Onan Turkey ————————————————————— FMT – ISTAVDER 8th ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTFebruary 26-28 2016 Istanbul Turkey CHAMPIONSHIP 400: 1-Amin Shahvalizade Iran 2-Hüseyin Özdag Turkey 3-Rosen Peychev Bulgaria 4-Cihangir Çetinel Turkey 5-Kamil Karaali Turkey 6-Hakan Kahyaoglu Turkey 7-Omid Yaghoobi Iran 8-Berkant Bilgi Turkey 1C-Burak Peker Turkey 2C-Roman Korber Austria 1LC-Deniz Çirpan Turkey 2LC-Alexander Kikalishvili Georgia 8th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 1 64: 1-Selahattin Hacioglu Turkey amp Salih Yener Turkey 2-Arzu Akincioglu Turkey amp Yalkin Erk Turkey8th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 2 64: 1-Can Biyiklioglu Turkey amp Mehmet Ali Erten Germany 2-Amir Eshraghi Iran amp Ebrahim Eshraghi Iran SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Fatih Bellice Turkey 2-Aykut Uzel Turkey TEAM CHALLENGE 32 Teams: 1-Murat Cengiz Turkey Ibrahim Terzi Turkey Murat Kayaturk Turkey ONE POINT 1: 64 Hasan Yargan TurkeyONE POINT 2: 64 Ozan Gundogdu TurkeyONE POINT 3: 64 Bülent Isildar TurkeyONE POINT 4: 64 Roman Gvenetadze Georgia SUPER JACKPOT 1: 16 Murat Ibrahimoglu TurkeySUPER JACKPOT 2: 16 Abdullah Ser TurkeySUPER JACKPOT 3: 16 Murat Kapikiran Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 5×8: Bahattin Uzunoglu Turkey Amir Eshraghi Iran Necmettin Saltkaya Northern Cyprus Kian Ghodsi Iran Dogan Sunar Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Serkan Calisir Turkey Marcel Buker Germany Kamran Sharifi Iran Sefik Mancilikcilar Switzerland Ceren Kosdemir Turkey ————————————————————— 2015 FMT – 10th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 11-13 2015 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 93: 1-Thomas Rönn Sweden 2-Simon Pankvelashvili Georgia 3-Ufuk Aksak Turkey 4-Jürgen Orlowski Germany 5-Irfan Mizrakci Turkey 6/8-Ingo Mohr Germany / Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia / Konstantinos Mitrelis Greece 1LC-Erhan Yenisen Turkey 2LC-Aykut Uzel Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 64 teams: 1-Sergey Chertkov Russia amp Boris Mamporia Georgia 2-Dorel Leon Romania amp Gabriela Leon Romania SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Razi Bobrov Israel 2-Mehmet Kucukyoruk Turkey 1-POINTER 64: 1-Mehmet Gurses Turkey 2-Irfan Mizrakci Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 4×8: Umit Bata Turkey Kadri Almac Turkey Hamza Nar Turkey Necmettin Saltkaya Turkey AFTER TOURNAMENT TOURNAMENT 32: 1-Aleksei Askurava Russia 2-Burhan Yilmazer Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Kerim Guneyman Turkey Aref Alipour Iran Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey €10000 FREEROLL PASHA CUP 21 : 1/4-Turan Kaya Turkey Mustafa Yilmaz Turkey Ufuk Aksak Turkey Hamza Nar Turkey ————————————————————— TBGT – 5th ANKARA BACKGAMMON OPENNovember 7-8 2015 Ankara Turkey OPEN 132: 1-Umit Bata Ankara 2-Cengiz Dindar Northern Cyprus 3-Fuat Erdag Istanbul 4-Adnan Tayfur Bursa 5-Onur Vurur Ankara 6-Cemalettin Yüksel Istanbul 1LC-Murat Cengiz Bursa 2LC-Irfan Mizrakci Bursa DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Tozan Sari Northern Cyprus amp Deniz Kizilbora Northern Cyprus 2-Cemalettin Yüksel Istanbul amp Dogan Sunar Istanbul 1-POINTER 1 64: 1-Enis Soysal Ankara1-POINTER 2 64: 1-Veysel Kalfa Bursa JACKPOT WINNERS 3×16: Burhan Yilmazer Sakarya Hasan Eker Bursa Aziz Yilmaz Izmir SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Ahmet Nar Izmir Burhan Yilmazer Sakarya Bülent Karabulut Istanbul Handan Erdag Istanbul Tozan Sari Northern Cyprus ————————————————————— TBGT – 19th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 19-20 2015 Istanbul Turkey OPEN 180: 1-Mehmet Akis Turkey 2-Bulent Karabulut Turkey 3-Soinguli Amirov Georgia 4-Ali Çetin Belene Turkey 5-Mustafa Altuntas Turkey 6-Burak Culhaci Turkey 1LC-Kerim Guneyman Turkey 2LC-Yüksel Sen Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Gökay Gülec Turkey amp Kadri Almac Turkey 2-Serkan Ertan Turkey amp Ethem Dural Turkey 1-POINTER 1 64: 1-Onur Alp Günes Turkey1-POINTER 2 64: 1-Tugba Tonbaz Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 6×8: Abdullah Ozbakir Turkey Gökay Gülec Turkey Fatih Cokparlamis Turkey Gökhan Celik Turkey Hasan Eker Turkey Ayhan Karamahmut Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 3×16: Serkan Calisir Turkey Hasan Eker Turkey Canan Kirikkaya Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Yüksel Sen Turkey Oktay Lokbas Turkey Bilgehan Giray Turkey ————————————————————— FMT – 9th CYPRUS OPEN BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTMay 8-10 2015 Nicosia Cyprus OPEN 73: 1-Artur Muradian Armenia 2-Neculai Draganuta Romania 3-Fuat Erdag Turkey 4-Tobias Hellwag Germany 5-Erkul Sen Turkey 6-Boris Mamporia Georgia 1LC-Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia 2LC-Refik Vural Turkey 3LC/4LC-Ercan Akin Turkey / Onur Vurur Turkey INTERMEDIATE 9: 1-Niyazi Ünlütürk Cyprus 2-Sedat Biçakci Turkey 1LC-Ugur Taskan Turkey BEGINNERS 6: 1-Yesim Akyildiz Turkey 2-Gülden Kaya Turkey €10000 FREEROLL PASHA CUP 32 : 1-Handan Erdag Turkey 2-Metin Çubuk Turkey 3/4-Umut Sari Turkey 3/4-Ilker Göçhan Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Neculai Draganuta Romania amp Rodica Draganuta Romania 2-Tobias Hellwag Germany amp Aykut Uzel Turkey 3/4-Ilker Göçhan Turkey amp Kamil Karaali Turkey 3/4-Fuat Erdag Turkey amp Umut Sari Turkey ONE-POINTER 64: 1-Gündüz Günes Turkey 2-Murat Cengiz Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 4×8: Yavuz Genç Turkey Dursun Çetin Turkey Hamza Nar Turkey Ufuk Aksak Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 8 : 1-Vincenzo Riceputi Italy 2-Abdullah Ser Turkey AFTER TOURNAMENT 275: 1/2 Fatih Bellici Turkey / Gavriel Menasherov Israel SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Murat Cengiz Turkey Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia Mario Sequeira Portugal ————————————————————— FMT – ISTAVDER 7th ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTFebruary 20-22 2015 Istanbul Turkey CHAMPIONSHIP 346: 1-Amir Eshraghi Iran 2-Cihangir Cetinel Turkey 3-Boris Mamporia Georgia 4-Salih Yener Turkey 5-Irfan Mizrakci Turkey 6-Aref Alipour Iran 7-Mustafa Altuntas Turkey 8-Recep Ali Beyaz Turkey 1C-Artur Muradian Armenia 2C-Murat Cengiz Turkey 1LC-Fatih Bellice Turkey 2LC-Deniz Çirpan Turkey 7th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 1 64: 1-Boris Mamporia Georgia amp Sergey Demojan Armenia 2-Marcel Geist Germany amp Rainer Witt Germany SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Yalkin Erk Turkey TEAM CHALLENGE 32 Teams: 1-Team Sakura: Lemi Tu-men Turkey / Michihito Kageyama Japan / Yan Kit Chan UK ONE POINT 1: 1- Deniz Kizilbora CyprusONE POINT 2: 1- Vladimer Kharkhela Georgia SUPER JACKPOT 1: 16: Ersin Narman TurkeySUPER JACKPOT 2: 16: Burhan Yilmazer Turkey MINI-JACKPOT 1: 16: Tunç Onan TurkeyMINI-JACKPOT 2: 16: Maya Peycheva BulgariaMINI-JACKPOT 3: 16: Murat Yavuz TurkeyMINI-JACKPOT 4: 16: Ali Kurt GreeceMINI-JACKPOT 5: 16: Murat Kapikiran Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Gokay Gulec Turkey Kadri Almac Turkey Yan Kit Chan UK Armin Hedayati Iran Aghaba Khalidov Azerbaijan ————————————————————— 2014 FMT – 8th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 11-14 2014 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 74: 1-Mehmet Akis Turkey 2-Gökay Gülec Turkey 3-Erkan Varli Turkey 4-Ozan Gündogdu Turkey 5-Martin Birkhan Germany 6-Dursun Çetin Turkey 1LC-Jürgen Orlowski Germany 2LC-Bora Candan Turkey 3LC-Burhan Yilmazer Turkey BEGINNERS 6: 1-Gülden Kaya Turkey 2-Neslihan Acar Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 32 teams: 1-Fevzi Aslıoglu Turkey amp Abdullah Ser Turkey 2-Dursun Çetin Turkey amp Kemal Erdem Turkey 3/4-Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey amp Cüneyt Argun Genç Turkey / Alaattin Özaltun Turkey amp Cemalettin Yüksel Turkey ONE POINTER 64: 1-Fuat Erdag Turkey 2-Kadri Almaç Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 4×8: Kemal Erdem Turkey Serdar Özkaya Turkey Ali Reza Sarabi Iran Erkan Varlı Turkey FM GAMMON 8: 1-Umut Sari Turkey AFTER TOURNAMENT12: 1-Burak Gören Turkey 2-Fuat Erdag Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Josefin Bichler Germany Oya Günes Turkey Ugur Taskan Turkey ————————————————————— TBGT – 4th ANKARA BACKGAMMON OPENNov8-9 2014 Ankara OPEN 100: 1-Hakan KAHYAOĞLU 2- Gamze DEMİRKOL 3-Fuat ERDAĞ 4-ncü: Volkan AKTAŞ Ankara 1LC-Hamza Nar 2LC-Serdar Güray DOUBLES 32:1-Özer Turacı-Adem Nar 2- Ebru Sarı-Umut Sarı ONE POINT1 64: Bilgehan GİRAYONE POINT2 64: Ayhan KARAMAHMUT Ankara ————————————————————— TBGT – 18th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 27-28 2014 Istanbul Turkey MASTERS 150: 1-Hilmi Göçhan 2-Lemi Tu-men 3-Fuat Erdag 4-Aykut Uzel 1LC-Murat Yavuz 2LC-Veysel Kalfa DOUBLES 64 teams: 1-Veysel Kalfa amp Irfan Mizrakçi 2-Kadri Almaç amp Bilgehan Giray SUPER JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Cihangir ÇetinelSUPER JACKPOT 2 16: 1-Mustafa BabalSUPER JACKPOT 3 16: 1-Aykut Uzel ONE-POINT TOURNAMENT 64: 1-Hakan Tosun SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Gunduz Günes Erkan Varli ————————————————————— FMT – 7th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENMay 1-4 2014 Nicosia North Cyprus OPEN 77: 1-Jürgen Orlowski Germany 2-Soinguli Amirov Georgia 3-Steen Grønbech Denmark 4-Avetis Rostomyan Armenia 5-Boris Mampoziya Russia 6/8-Tobias Hellwag Germany / Michihito Kageyama Japan / Vicenzo Riceputi Italy 1LC-Maya Peycheva Bulgaria 2LC-Rosen Peychev Bulgaria 3LC-Umut Sari Turkey DOUBLES CONSULTATION 37 teams27rebuys: 1-Hamza Nar Turkey amp Self 2-Cüneyt Argun Genç Turkey amp Umut Sari Turkey 3/4-Tobias Hellwag Germany amp Matt Cohn-Geier USA / Maya Peycheva Bulgaria amp Rosen Peychev Bulgaria SUPERJACKPOT 16: 1-Zafer Tas Turkey 2-Hamza Nar Turkey ONE POINT 1 64: 1-Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia 2-Murat Uzun TurkeyONE POINT 2 64: 1-Fuat Erdag Turkey 2-Nedim Yardimci Turkey JACKPOT WINNERS 5×8: Hilmi Göçhan Turkey Alaattin Özaltun Turkey Serdar Özkaya Turkey Talat Papatya Turkey Aykut Uzel Turkey FM GAMMON 8: 1-Umut Sari Turkey AFTER TOURNAMENT10: 1-Handan Erdag Turkey 2-Burak Gören Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Matt Cohn-Geier USA Gündüz Günes Turkey Tobias Hellwag Germany ————————————————————— FMT – ISTAVDER 6TH ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTFebruary 21-23 2014 Istanbul Turkey CHAMPIONSHIP 270: 1-Burhan Yilmazer Turkey 2-Murat Cengiz Turkey 3-Fuat Erdag Turkey 4-Mustafa Babal Turkey 5-Mustafa Altuntas Turkey 6-Aykut Uzel Turkey 7-Ibrahim Karaca Turkey 8-Hamza Nar Turkey 1C-Shahab Ghodsi Iran/Norway 2C-Ilker Gochan Turkey 3C/4C-Kamil Zafer Akbiyik Turkey / Ahmet Kamil Baykalogullari Turkey 6th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 1 64: 1-Roman Guehetadze Georgia amp Gocha Tchockhoneli Georgia 2-Mustafa Altuntas Turkey amp Ibrahim Karaca Turkey6th TURKISH CONSULTATION DOUBLES 2 64: 1-Metin Cubuk Turkey amp Kamil Karaali Turkey 2-Selahattin Hacioglu Turkey amp Salih Yener Turkey SPEEDGAMMON 64: 1-Hakan Kahyaoglu Turkey TEAM CHALLENGE 16 Teams: 1-Team Tigers: Cuneyt Argun Genc Turkey / Rod Covlin USA / Umit Tanoglu Turkey ONE POINT 1: 1-Canan Kirikkaya TurkeyONE POINT 2: 1- Kemal Aksu Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 1: 16: Dursun Çetin TurkeySUPER JACKPOT 2: 16: Abdullah Ser TurkeySUPER JACKPOT 3: 16: Ufuk Aksak TurkeySUPER JACKPOT 4: 16: Mustafa Babal Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Can Biyiklioglu Germany Sean Williams England Sevgi Basaran Turkey Erkan Varli Turkey Nodar Gagua Georgia/Russia SPONSOR AWARDS: WOW Istanbul Hotel amp Convention Center Kentplus Kadikoy Mislicom Pasha Backgammon Mys My Company FMgammon ————————————————————— 2013 EBGT VII – 6th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 12-15 2013 Lefkosa North Cyprus ELITE 75: 1-Maya Peycheva Bulgaria 2-Zafer Tas Turkey 3-Caner Kalafatoglu Turkey 4-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan 5-Giannis Pasialis Greece LEISURE GROUP 29: 1-Kemal Akdamar Turkey 2-Cemal Öztemiz Turkey 3-Cengiz Dindar Cyprus 4-Ugur Taskan Turkey DOUBLES 32 teams: 1-Alaattin Özaltun Turkey amp Zafer Tas Turkey 2-Ilker Göçhan Turkey amp Mehmet Kutlu Küçükyörük Turkey SUPER-JACKPOT 8: 1-Metin Çubuk Turkey 2-Dursun Çetin Turkey DMP-CHALLENGE 64: 1-Funda Kapikiran Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Murat Kapikiran Turkey Alireza Sarabi Iran Line Van Damme Belgium ————————————————————— TBGT – 3rd ANKARA BACKGAMMON OPENNov9-10 2013 Ankara OPEN 76 : 1Bülent Karabulut 2Aykut Uzel 3Mustafa Güneralp4Kağan Karakaya DOUBLES 32 1Çınar Vurur-Onur Vurur 2Serhat Keskin-Kağan Karakaya SPEED GAMMON 62: 1Yiğit Göçhan 2Ahmet Ercan ONE POINT 1 64: Sedat Bıçakçı ONE POINT 2 64:Turan Kaya SUPER JACKPOT 8:Kemal Akdamar ————————————————————— TBGT – 17th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 14-15 2013 Istanbul Turkey OPEN 121: 1-Ali Çetin Belene 2-Aykut Uzel 3-Gürkan Derin 4-Aslan Volkan Aktas 1st Last Chance: 1-Zafer Tas 2-Kamil Karaali 2nd Last Chance: 1-Marsel Eskinazi 2-Handan Erdag DOUBLES 64 teams: 1-Ahmet Dönmez amp Cem Özes 2-Hakan Kahyaoglu amp Onur Vurur SUPER JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Ufuk Aksak 2-Talat PapatyaSUPER JACKPOT 2 8: 1-Alaattin ÖzaltunSUPER JACKPOT 3 8: 1-Cemalettin Yüksel ONE POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Ibrahim KaracaONE POINT TOURNAMENT 2 64: 1-Mustafa Gültekin Türkmen FMGAMMON BOARD 1 8: 1-Hasip GüvenFMGAMMON BOARD 2 8: 1-Ercan Güleç ————————————————————— EBGT – GRAND FINALE 2012 amp EUROPEAN PRO CHAMPIONSHIP 2013April 24-28 2013 Lefkosa Northern Cyprus MASTERS 67: 1-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan 2-Cüneyt Argun Genç Turkey 3-Athanasios Katsios Greece 4-Ricardo Malas Lebanon/Spain 5-Kemal Erdem Turkey ADVANCED 28: 1-Laura Soagher Romania 2-Kagan Karakaya Turkey 3-Ahmet Nar Turkey 4-Gavriel Menasherov Israel DOUBLES 32 teams: 1-Hisar Uyar Turkey amp Erhan Yenisen Turkey 2-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan amp Self ONE-POINTER 64: 1-Ercan Güleç Turkey 2-Metin Erikler Turkey EBGT GRAND FINALE 2012 16: 1-Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey 2-Çaglar Erdogan Turkey SPECIAL AWARDS: Yasar Adato Turkey Marcel Büker Germany Fuat Erdag Turkey GENTLEMAN’S TROPHY: Fatih Sengül Turkey ————————————————————— EBGT VII – 5th ISTAVDER ANNIVERSARY TOURNAMENTFebruary 22-24 2013 Istanbul MASTERS 134: 1-Parviz Rokh Iran 2-Erhan Yenisen Turkey 3-Murat Yavuz 4-Alireza Sarabi Iran 5-Ömer Mert Gülaçti 6-Cemalettin Yüksel DOUBLES 40 teams: 1-Davood amp Saeed Vagheli Iran 2-Yigit Göçhan amp Mehmet Kutlu Küçükyörük ONE-POINTER 1 64: 1-Ibrahim KaracaONE-POINTER 2 64: 1-Marcel Buker Germany SASSANGAMMON 64: 1-Chiva Tafazzoli Iran UNIVERSITY GAMMON 8: 1-Ahmet Kamil Baykalogullari SPEED GAMMON 64: 1-Lemi Tu-men 2-Cüneyt Argun Genç FM GAMMON 1 64: 1-Khachik Melikyan ArmeniaFM GAMMON 2 64: 1-Yasar Gözel SUPERJACKPOT 1 16: 1-Hamza NarSUPERJACKPOT 2 16: 1-Ozan Gündogdu MINI JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Caner KalafatogluMINI JACKPOT 2 16: 1-Mustafa Gültekin TürkmenMINI JACKPOT 3 16: 1-Alaattin ÖzaltunMINI JACKPOT 4 16: 1-Sedat BiçakciMINI JACKPOT 5 16: 1-Arsan Volkan Aktas CLUBS TEAM TOURNAMENT 32 teams: 1-Hilmi Göçhan Hamza Nar amp Nedim Yardimci 2-Metin Erikler Nuray Özgün amp Dogan Sunar SPECIAL AWARDS: Yalkin Erk Gökay Güleç Özlem Kaya Ricardo Malas Lebanon/Spain Ahmet Nar ————————————————————— 2012 Betfair/EBGT – 5th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 6-9 2012 Nicosia North Cyprus MASTERS 74: 1-Erhan Yenisen Turkey 2-Gazi Çelen Turkey 3/4-Martin Birkhan Germany / Kemal Erdem Turkey 1LC-Ricardo Malas Spain INTERMEDIATE 39: 1-Gamze Demirkol Turkey 2-Kagan Karakaya Turkey 3/4-Cengiz Dindar North Cyprus / Adnan Kuzu Turkey 1LC-Serdar Guray Turkey BEGINNERS 5: 1-Oyku Sari Turkey 2-Funda Kapikirian Turkey DOUBLES 37 teams: 1-Alaatin Ozaltun Turkey amp Self 2-Jean-Noel Duval France amp Mario Sequeira Portugal 3//4-Tobias Hellwag Germany amp Jan Jacobowitz Germany / Akiko Yazawa Japan amp Self SUPER-JACKPOT 16: 1-Tobias Hellwag Germany 2-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan DMP-CHALLENGE 64: 1-Kamil Karaali Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Claus Elken Denmark Akiko Yazawa Japan ————————————————————— 2nd ANKARA BACKGAMMON OPENNov12-13 2012 Ankara OPEN 83 : 1-Gazi Çelen 2-İlker Bacaksız 3-Onur Vurur 4-Ali Çetin Belene 1LC-Fikret PoyrazDOUBLES 32 : 1-Onur Vurur/Hakan Kahyaoğlu 2-Oğuz User/Gazi ÇelenONE POINT 1 64 : Cihantaç Eroğlu AnkaraONE POINT 2 64 : Amaç Volkan Er AnkaraSPECIAL PLAYER AWARD : Fuat Erdağ ————————————————————— Betfair/EBGT – 16th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 14-16 2012 Istanbul MASTERS 66: 1-Çaglar Erdogan 2-Jan Jacobowitz Germany 3/4-Dursun Çetin / Erhan Yenisen 1LC-Cemalettin Yüksel ADVANCED 4816 rebuys: 1-Serdar Güray 2-Hakan Ertekin 3/4-Volkan Er / Özlem Kargi 1C-Mustafa Güneralp 2C-Hamza Nar SUPER JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Yasar Gözel 2-Ahmet MalkoçogluSUPER JACKPOT 2 16: 1-Kamil Karaali 2-Fikret Poyraz DOUBLES TOURNAMENT 35 teams: 1-Özlem Gamze amp Nuri Kaya 2-Aytekin Güler amp Serdar Özkaya ONE POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Ercan AkkayaONE POINT TOURNAMENT 2 64: 1-Özlem Gamze SPEEDGAMMON 64: Chiva Tafazzoli Iran/Germany SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Martin Birkhahn Germany Metin Çubuk ————————————————————— Betfair/EBGT – EUROPEAN PRO BACKGAMMON CHAMPIONSHIPSApril 25-29 2012 Lefkosa Cyprus EUROPEAN DOUBLES 16 teams: 1-Matvey “Falafel” Natanzon Israel amp Talat Papatya Turkey 2-Martin Birkhan Germany amp Konrad Fröschl Austria/Sweden MASTERS 48: 1-Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey 2-Tobias Hellwag Germany 3/4-Çaglar Erdogan Turkey / Philippe Vouhé France 1LC-Jan Jacobowitz Germany ADVANCED 36: 1-Özlem Kargi Turkey 2-Can Iskender Turkey 3/4-Nektarios Sarafidis Greece / Laura Soagher Cyprus 1LC-Onur Vurur Turkey BEGINNERS 5: 1-Özkan Kaya Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 8: 1-Vincenzo Riceputi Italy 2-Jon Kristian Røyset Norway GERMAN MASTERS QUALIFIER 8: 1-Konstantinos Mitrelis Greece DMP CHALLENGE 64: 1/2-Kemal Erdem Turkey / Kemal Erdem Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Yasar Gözel Turkey Engin Öngel England ————————————————————— Betfair/EBGT – 4th ISTAVDER BACKGAMMON ANNIVERSARY TOURNAMENTFebruary 24-26 2012 Istanbul Turkey MASTERS 62: 1-Hisar Uyar 2-Ilhan Koç 3/4-Fuat Erdag / Gökay Güleç 1LC-Bülent Karabulut 2LC-Philippe Vouhé France ADVANCED 35: 1-Can Iskender 2-Metin Erikler 3/4-Mat Caplow USA/Turkey / Onur Vurur DOUBLES 282: 1-Fikret Poyraz amp Self 2-Martin Birkhan Germany amp Konrad Fröschl Austria/Sweden ONE-POINTER 1 64: 1-Yalkin ErkONE-POINTER 1 64: 1-Konrad Fröschl Austria/Sweden GREEK/TURKISH FRIENDSHIP TEAM TOURNAMENT 2: 1-Dimitrios Manganas amp Konstantinos Mitrelis Greece 2-Fuat Erdag amp Hilmi Göçhan ————————————————————— 2011 Play65/EBGT – 4th CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPEN amp EBGT GRAND FINALEDecember 1-7 2011 Lefkosa Cyprus MASTERS 64: 1-Tobias Hellwag Germany 2-Aykut Üzel Turkey 3/4-Vincenzo Riceputi Italy / Dimitrios Manganas Greece 1LC-Zafer Tas Turkey 2LC-Talat Papatya Turkey INTERMEDIATE 34: 1-Volkan Er Turkey 2-Özge Apak Turkey 3/4-Metin Erikler Turkey / Cem Özdes Turkey 1LC-Cengiz Dindar Turkey 2LC-Neçati Doganaslan Turkey BEGINNERS 8: 1-Nuray Özgün Turkey 2-Pooya Haghani Iran DOUBLES CONSULTING 293 teams: 1-Ufuk Aksak amp Erhan Yenisen Turkey 2-Konrad Fröschl Austria/Sweden amp Tobias Hellwag Germany 3/4-Naoya Kihara amp Akiko Yazawa Japan / Timur Azizov amp Sergey Erokhin Russia SUPER-JACKPOT 11: 1-Akiko Abe Yazawa Japan 2-Peter Blachian Germany DMP-CHALLENGE 1 64: 1-Hisar Uyar TurkeyDMP-CHALLENGE 2 64: 1-Hiroshi Nishiyama Japan FAIR PLAY AWARD: Konstantinos Mitrelis GreeceSPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Michihito Kageyama Japan Pooya Haghani IranYOUNGEST PLAYER AWARD: Aykut Uzel TurkeySPONSOR AWARDS: Pasha Platinum Casino Play65 Play65/EBGT GRAND FINALE 24: 1-Mario Sequeira Portugal 2-Jürgen Orlowski Germany 3-Konstantinos Mitrelis Greece ————————————————————— 1st ANKARA BACKGAMMON OPENNov12-13 2011 Ankara MASTERS 82 1-Fuat Erdağ 2-Can İskender 3-Murat Kapıkıran 4-Murat Akcan 1C-Ulvi Cangazi 2C-Oğuz User DOUBLES TOURNAMENT 32 teams: 1-Murat Kapıkıran ampNecati Doğanaslan 2-Dursun Çetin ampAli Şerif Rende ONE POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-İlker Göçhan ONE POINT TOURNAMENT 264 1- Mert Özvataf ————————————————————— Play65/EBGT – 15th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 10-11 2011 Istanbul MASTERS 73: 1-Ali Çetin Belene Turkey 2-Oguz Üser 3-Hamza Nar 4-Dogan Sunar 1C-Konrad Fröschl Sweden 2C-Irfan Mizrakci 3C-Bülent Bahar 4C-Ibrahim Karaca SUPER JACKPOT 64: 1-Alaattin Özaltun 2-Baris Ozler DOUBLES TOURNAMENT 1 16 teams: 1-Hilmi Göçhan amp Ilker Göçhan 2-Caglar Erdogan amp Hisar UyarDOUBLES TOURNAMENT 2 16 teams: 1-Yalkin Erk amp Murat Kapikiran 2-Ali Çetin Belene amp Fuat Erdag ONE POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Veysel KalfaONE POINT TOURNAMENT 2 64: 1-Konrad Fröschl Sweden JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Umut Sari 2-Sabri BüyüksöyJACKPOT 2 16: 1-Yalkin Erk 2-Ufuk AksakJACKPOT 3 16: 1-Ufuk Aksak 2-Cihangir Çetinel SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Arzu Akincioglu Handan Erdag Helmut Gerdenits Austria Rudolf Prohaska Austria ————————————————————— Play65/EBGT – EUROPEAN PRO BACKGAMMON CHAMPIONSHIPS amp EUROPEAN DOUBLESApril 27-May 1 2011 Lefkosa Cyprus MASTERS 5410 rebuys: 1-Tobias Hellwag Germany 2-Michihito Kageyama Japan 3/4-Bülent Bahar / Simon Pankvelashvili Georgia 1C-Arild Idsøe Norway 2C-Ahmet Ercan 3C/4C-Omari Dvali Georgia / Mario Sequeira Portugal 1LC-Stepan Nuniyants USA ADVANCED 244 rebuys: 1-Ismail Yildiz Turkey 2-Alexander Penelov Bulgaria 1C-Alattin Özaltin Turkey 2C-Nectarios Sarafidis Greece 1LC-Fevzi Aslioglu Turkey DOUBLES CHAMPIONSHIP 16 teams: 1-Hilmi Göchan Turkey amp Oguz User Turkey 2-Burak Gören Turkey amp Matvey “Falafel” Natanzon Israel 3/4-Iancho Hristov Bulgaria amp Bozhidar Stoyanov Bulgaria / Talat Papatya Turkey amp Erman Sari Turkey SUPER JACKPOT 8: 1-Frank Simon Germany 2-Vincenzo Riceputi Italy 1-POINT TOURNAMENT 64: 1-Aziz Yilmaz Turkey SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Ilker Göçhan Turkey Iancho Hristov Bulgaria Naoya Kihara Japan ————————————————————— Play65/EBGT – 3rd ISTAVDER ANNIVERSARY / WBA BACKGAMMON CHAMPIONSHIPFebruary 25-27 2011 Istanbul Turkey MASTERS 82: 1-Talat Papatya 2-Gökay Güleç 3/4-Bülent Bahar / Bozhidar Stoyonov Bulgaria 1C-Oguz User 2C-Omar Dvali Georgia 1LC-Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia ADVANCED 48: 1-Mert Bulgan 2-Metin Erikler 3/4-Yavuz Genç / Seyfi Uslubas 1C-Altay Akmaz 2C-Murat Imamoglu 1LC-Murat Nalbantoglu DOUBLES CONSULTING 40 teams: 1-Burak Gören amp Matvey “Falafel” Natanzon Israel 2-Ufuk Aksak amp Ali Alçelik 3/4-Jürgen Orlowski Germany amp Frank Simon Germany / Tolga Akbaytug amp Mustafa Altuntas SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-Sabri Büyüksoy 2-Tolga Akbaytug 1-POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Chiva Tafazzoli Iran/Germany1-POINT TOURNAMENT 2 64: 1-Aziz Yilmaz1-POINT TOURNAMENT 3 64: 1-Murat Kapikiran SPECIAL PLAYER AWARDS: Matvey “Falafel” Natanzon Israel Jürgen Orlowski Germany Anna Mielech Poland Kakhaber Natchkebia Georgia ————————————————————— 2010 EBGT: 3rd CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPEN / EBGT GRAND FINALEDecember 2-7 2010 Nicosia Cyprus CONSULTING DOUBLES 26 teams 6 rebuys: 1-Sasan Taherzadeh Iran/USA amp Self 2-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan amp Walter Meuwis Belgium 3/4-Michihito Kageyama Japan amp Anna Mielech Poland / Peter Valeur Bosse Denmark amp Michael Hansen Denmark MASTERS 44: 1-Haluk Oral Turkey 2-Oguz User Turkey 3/4-Masayuki Mochizuki Japan / Paul Zoghbi Lebanon 1C-Sabri Büyüksoy Turkey 2C-Zafer Tas Turkey 3C/4C-Stepan Nuniyants USA / Ali Serif Rende Turkey 1LC-Konstantin Mitrelis Greece INTERMEDIATE 37: 1-Walter Meuwis Belgium 2-Ahmet Ercan Turkey 3/4-Mehmet Hulusi Turkey / Nuri Kaya Turkey 1C-Sedat Bicekci Turkey 2C-Tabet Tabet Lebanon 1LC-Damjan Plesec Slovenia BEGINNERS 10: 1-Ismael Yildiz Turkey 2-Enrico Agostini Austria 1-POINT TOURNAMENT 64: 1-Sedat Bicekci Turkey 2-Umut Sari Turkey FM-GAMMON BOARD CHALLENGE 16: 1-Chiva Tafazzoli Iran/Germany 2-Sasan Taherzadeh Iran/USA SPECIAL PLAYER AWARD 1 Bad Beat Fair-Play Gentleman: Peter Valeur Bosse DenmarkSPECIAL PLAYER AWARD 2 Encouragement: Tabet Tabet Lebanon WBA MEMBERSHIP OF HONOR: Management of Golden Tulip / Pacha Casino Lefkosa EUROPEAN BACKGAMMON TOUR GRAND FINALE 16: 1-Stepan Nuniyants USA 2-Dmitri Harutyunyan Armenia ————————————————————— 14th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENOct 23-24 2010 Istanbul OPEN: 10424: 1-Özkan Akbulut 2-Barbaros Akyar 3/4-Abdullah Ser / Cüneyt Argun Genc 1C-Ali Çetin Belene 2C-Gazi Çelen 1LC-Cem Duran Super-jackpot 16:Erhan Yenişen One Poınt Tournament 1 64 : Özkan AkbulutOne Poınt Tournament 2 64 : Hüseyin Akduman Doubles Tournament 8 teams: 1- Gulden Kaya/ Handan Erdag 2-Sabri Büyüksoy ————————————————————— 13th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENJune 17-18 2010 Istanbul OPEN83 1-Cemalettin Yüksel 2-Zafer Taş 3-Sasan Soltani 4-Vahe İsaoğlu 1C-Hakkı Yılmaz 2C-Hamza Nar 1LC-Bülent Işıldar 2LC-Kutlu Kaya ————————————————————— 12th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENMay 16-17 2010 Istanbul OPEN 631: 1-Zafer TAŞ 2-Sabri BÜYÜKSOY 3/4-Hilmi GÖÇHAN/ Ömer Mert GÜLAÇTI 1C-Nihat SORGUVEN 2C-Ali Çetin BELENE 1LC-Ahmet NAR BEGINNERS 142: 1-Metin ERİKLER 2-Süleyman MERMERLİ3/4-Mürsel Ay / Doğan SUNAR 1C-Gülden KAYA 2C-Mert GÖÇHAN 1LC-Beyazıt TUR JACKPOT 16 1: 1-A Serif Rende JACKPOT 16 2: 1-Erhan YENİŞEN JACKPOT16 3 : Abdullah ŞER FMGAMMON TOURNAMENT 3 Points 64 1: Umut SARI FMGAMMON TOURNAMENT 3 Points 64 2 : Altan AKMAZ ONE-POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Ali Şerif RENDE ONE-POINT TOURNAMENT 2 64: Yalkın ERK ————————————————————— EBGT: 2nd CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENMay 6-9 2010 Nicosia Cyprus MASTERS 40: 1-Eli Roymi Israel 2-Fuat Erdag Turkey 3/4-Dragomir Nicolae-Cristinel Romania / Erhan Yenisen Turkey 1C-Jürgen Orlowski Germany 2C-Matvey “Falafel” Natanzon Israel 1LC-Frank Simon Germany INTERMEDIATE 21: 1-Arzu Akincioglu 2-Yavuz Genc 3/4-Ahmet Nar/ Seyfi Uslubas 1C-Walter Meuwis Belgium 2C-Osman Girgin 1LC-Umut Sari BEGINNERS 10: 1-Handan Erdag 2-Kamil Karaali 3-Özlem Gamze-Demirkol SUPER-JACKPOT 8: 1-Tassilo Rzymann Austria PRESIDENT’S TOURNAMENT 64: 1-Caglar Erdogan Turkey 2-Yalkin Erk Turkey DOUBLES PRO/AM 1 16 teams: 1-Matvey “Falafel” Natanzon Israel amp Sabri Büyüksoy TurkeyDOUBLES PRO/AM 2 8 teams: 1-Volker Sonnabend Germany amp Hisar Uyar Turkey LONG-DISTANCE AWARD: Matt Cohn-Geier USA NICEST LOSER AWARD: Halvor Losnedahl Norway WBA SPECIAL AWARDS: Mustafa Altuntas Peter Wiklund bwin Kutlu Kaya Fuat Erdag ————————————————————— ISTAVDER 2ND ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON CHAMPIONSHIPFebruary 26-28 2010 Istanbul Turkey MASTERS 64: 1-Jürgen Orlowski 2-Dursun Çetin 3-Necati Doganaslan 1C-Chiva Tafazzoli 2C-Osmin Girgin 1LC-Erhan Yenisen INTERMEDIATE 54: 1-Ilhan Koç 2-Çaglar Erdogan 3/4-Umut Sari / Refik Vural 1C-Gazi Çelen 2C-Ulvi Cangazi 1LC-Hisar Uyar BEGINNERS 25: 1-Serkan Yilmaz 2-Nizamettin Çirpici 3/4-Mürsel Ay / Gamze Demirkol 1C-Anil Ünlen 2C-Hülya Okta 1LC-Nurten Karaca DOUBLES CHAMPIONSHIP 33 teams: 1-Murat Ates amp Nedim Yardimci 2-Mustafa Altuntas amp Sabri Büyüksoy SUPER JACKPOT 16: 1-A Serif Rende ONE-POINT TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Hasan YarganONE-POINT TOURNAMENT 2 64: 1-Dursun Çetin ONE-POINT TOURNAMENT 3 64: 1-Ramazan Özkul Turkey FALAFEL’S PROFICIENCY COMPETITION: 1/2-Feza Diyarbekir / Mehmet Sirkeci ————————————————————— 11th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENjanuary 9-10 2010 Istanbul OPEN 128: 1-Mahmut Köse 2-Mustafa Altuntaş ¾ Erkan Demirtaş/Ömer Garip1C-Murat Işın 2C-MHulusi Tümer 1LC-Cemalettin Yüksel 2LC-Mehmet Sirkeci DOUBLES CONSULTING32 1-İlhan KoçampTolga Akbaytuğ 2-Handan ErdağampGülden Kaya ————————————————————— 2009 EBGT – 1st CYPRUS BACKGAMMON OPENNovember 26-29 2009 Lefkosa Cyprus MASTERS 39: 1-Fuat Erdag 2-Jürgen Orlowski Germany 3-Shahab Ghodsi Iran/Norway / Mario Sequeira Portugal 1C-Sven Rümcker Germany 2C-Hilmi Göchan 1LC-Simonetta Barone-Herrera England INTERMEDIATE 25: 1-Peter Michael Valeur Bosse Denmark 2-Dimitris Dimitriadis Greece 3/4-Murat Kapikiran / Hulusi Tümer 1C-Marios Kiryakou Cyprus 2C-Hakki Yilmaz 1LC-Arzu Akincioglu BEGINNERS 20: 1-Nurhan Gidutyan Turkey 2-Umut Sari Turkey 3/4-Özlem Gamze Turkey / Ugur Taskan Turkey 1C-Hisar Uyar Turkey 2C-Seyfi Uslubas Turkey 1LC-Amir Afsai Israel PRO/AM DOUBLES 16 teams: 1-Oguz User Turkey amp Ali Vahabi Iran PRESIDENT’S TOURNAMENT 1 64: 1-Cemalettin Yüksel TurkeyPRESIDENT’S TOURNAMENT 2 64: 1-Hilmi Göchan Turkey SASSANGAMMON FREEROLL 84: 1-Haluk Oral Turkey LONG DISTANCE AWARD: Michihito Kageyama Japan WBA MEMBER OF HONOR: Steen Grönbech Denmark for his work on the World Backgammon Tour WBGTWBA MEMBER OF HONOR: Fuat Erdag Turkey for his work on the Istavder Club World Backgammon Association ————————————————————— 10th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENOctober 11-12 2009 Istanbul OPEN 106: 1-Erhan Yenişen 2-Hakkı Yılmaz ¾ Barbaros Akyar/Sedat Bıçakçı 1C-Ufuk Aksak 2C-Tolga Akbaytuğ 1LC-Hilmi Göçhan 2LC-Ahmet Nar SASSANGAMMON 64 1-Zafer Karadağ 2-Hakan Tanışık SUPER JACKPOT1 16 Hasan Yargan SUPER JACKPOT2 16 Seyfi Uslubaş ONE POINT 1 64 Hasan Yargan ONE POINT 2 64 Mustafa Türkmen ————————————————————— 9th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENAugust 2009 Istanbul OPEN 83: 1-Hakkı Yılmaz 2-Murat Akcan ¾ Mustafa Altuntaş/Levent Şirin 1C-Talat Papatya 2C-Necati Doğanaslan ————————————————————— 8th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENJuly 2009 Istanbul OPEN 80: 1-Mehmet Yağmurca 2-Talat Papatya 3/4 AKamil Baykaloğulları/Yavuz Genç 1C-Neşat Bertan 2C-Ali Şerif Rende DOUBLES CONSULTING32 1-Erhan YenişenampBülent Özer 2-Albert GabayampDoğan Sunar ————————————————————— 7th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENApril 2009 Istanbul OPEN 64: 1-Erkan Demirtaş 2-Haluk Oral 3 1C-Cem Duran ————————————————————— ISTAVDER 1st ANNIVERSARY BACKGAMMON TOURNAMENTSFebruary 28-March 1 2009 Istanbul CHAMPIONSHIP 72: 1-Cem Duran 2-Hakan Ertekin 3/4-Gürkan Derin / Kemal Erdem WBA-TURKIYE ISTAVDER 1st DOUBLES CHAMPIONSHIP 27 teams: 1-Ali Serif Rende amp Nihat Sorguven 2-Mehmet Karabiber amp Selahattin Mermertas 3/4-Yalkin Erk amp Süleyman Sahin / Erkan Demirtas amp Handan Erdag 1st ErBenGL CHAMPIONSHIP 64: 1-Sedat Bicakçi 2-Haluk Oral 3/4-Ulvi Cangazi / Omer Gökay Sahin ONE-POINT 1 64: 1-Haluk Oral 2-Süleyman SahinONE-POINT 2 64: 1-Erdem Hunu 2-Metin EriklerONE-POINT 3 64: 1-Arzu Akincioglu 2-Ahmet Nar ARTGAMMON JACKPOT 16: 1-Hilmi Göçhan 2-A Kamil Baykalogullari KINGGAMMON JACKPOT 1 16: 1-Oguz UserKINGGAMMON JACKPOT 2 8: 1-Kemal ErdemKINGGAMMON JACKPOT 3 8: 1-Kemal ErdemKINGGAMMON JACKPOT 4 8: 1-Ali Serif Rende 869 TAVLA JACKPOT 8: 1-Necati Doganaslan MINI JACKPOT 8: 1-Hasan YarganMINI JACKPOT 8: 1-Tolga Akbaytug ————————————————————— 2008 6th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENDecember 2008 Istanbul OPEN 64: 1-MHulusi Tümer 2-Mahmut Eren 3/4 Barbaros Akyar/Feza Diyarbekir 1C-Bülent Özer 2C-Ercan Özçelik 1LC Erhan Yenişen ————————————————————— 5th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENSeptember 2008 Istanbul OPEN 99 1Erhan Doğrusöz 2 Haluk Oral ————————————————————— 4th ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENJune 2008 Istanbul OPEN751-Bülent Bahar 2-Cömert Cenkeri ————————————————————— 3rd ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENMay 2008 Istanbul OPEN 41: 1-MHulusi Tümer 2-Engin Gürses 3/4 AKamil Baykaloğulları/Mümtaz Türk 1C-Tuhan Topkaç 2C-Erkan Demirtaş ————————————————————— 2nd ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENApril 2008 Istanbul OPEN 48: 1-Erhan Yenişen 2-Erhan Doğrusöz 3/4 Tolga Akbaytuğ/ Günay Zorlu 1C-Cem Duran 2C-Güven Gazi Çelen ————————————————————— 1st ISTANBUL BACKGAMMON OPENFeb 2008 Istanbul OPEN 51: 1-Ali Çetin Belene 2-Murat Hatipoğlu 3/4 Nuri Kaya -Zeki Ozgül 1C-Engin Gürses 2C-Nedim 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Credible nuclear deterrence of invasions and conventional wars reduce the risk of large conventional and nuclear wars occurring through escalation of invasions such as the invasion of Belgium in 1914 and the invasion of Poland in 1939 of surprise attacks like those against France in 1940 and of Russia and Pearl Harbor in 1941 Afghanistan in 1979 Kuwait in 1990 or Crimea in 2014 Contrary to irrational pseudo-scientific propaganda the number of nuclear weapons is smaller than the millions of conventional weapons used in large wars and the correct scaling shows that the overall effects are similar not massively different as often claimed for political propaganda by enemies of peace Furthermore the greater time delay of effects from nuclear weapons over the damaged area increases the efficiency of cheap civil defence countermeasures as compared to conventional weapons We need credible effects of nuclear weapons for real world peace: peace through tested proved and practical declassified deterrence and countermeasures against collateral damage Credible deterrence through simple effective protection against concentrated and dispersed invasions and aerial attacks Discussions of the facts as opposed to inaccurate misleading lies of the disarm or be annihilated political dogma variety Hiroshima and Nagasaki anti-nuclear propaganda debunked by the hard facts Walls not wars Walls bring people together by stopping divisive terrorists In conclusion credible nuclear deterrence of conventional war offers a beautiful opportunity to create a peaceful world free from fear peddling ranting dictators The only oppositions you will meet will come from authoritarian obsessed fear peddling myth makers If they can’t tell the truth and face the facts why listen to them Please see our post on the need to deter not only direct threats from nuclear attacks but also conventional wars and invasions that can escalate into nuclear wars as proved by the use of nuclear weapons in WWII for example after they were developed during the war itself and did not trigger or provoke the war linked here here here and here here here and the true scaling law equivalence between a few thousand nuclear weapons and the several million tons of small conventional weapons in a non-nuclear world war as proved by our post summarising key points in Herman Kahn’s much-abused call for credible deterrence On Thermonuclear War linked here Peace comes through tested proved and practical declassified countermeasures against the effects of nuclear weapons chemical weapons and conventional weapons Credible deterrence to end invasions and wars comes through simple effective protection against invasions like low yield tactical weapons and walls and civil defence against collateral damage Peace comes through discussions of the facts as opposed to inaccurate misleading lies of the disarm or be annihilated political dogma variety which are designed to exploit fear to close down criticisms of errors in mainstream orthodoxy In particular please see the post linked here on EMP results from an actual Russian 300 kt test at 290 km altitude over unwarned civilian infrastructure in Kazakhstan on 22 October 1962 which caused no injuries or deaths whatsoever contrary to all of Jeremy Corbyn and CND style lying propaganda that any use of nuclear weapons on civilians would automatically kill millions but shut down the communications and power supply lines! This is not secret but does not make newspaper headlines to debunk CND style dogmas on the alleged incredibility of nuclear deterrence Hiroshima’s air raid shelters were unoccupied because Japanese Army officers were having breakfast when B29s were detected far away says Yoshie Oka the operator of the Hiroshima air raid sirens on 6 August 1945 In a sample of 1881 burns cases in Hiroshima only 17 or 09 percent were due to ignited clothing and 15 or 07 were due to the firestorm flames Dr Harold L Brode’s new book Nuclear Weapons in 800 war migrants drowned on 22 April by EU policy: Photographed fireball shielding by cloud cover in Nuclear weapons effects firestorm and nuclear w Proved 975 survival in completely demolished houses How to achieve peace through tested proved and practical declassified countermeasures against the effects of nuclear weapons chemical weapons and conventional weapons Credible deterrence through simple effective protection against invasions and collateral damage Discussions of the facts as opposed to inaccurate misleading lies of the disarm or be annihilated political dogma variety Hiroshima and Nagasaki anti-nuclear propaganda debunked by the hard facts Walls not wars Walls bring people together by stopping attacks by divide and rule style divisive terrorists contrary to simplistic Vatican propaganda There has never been a war yet which if the facts had been put calmly before the ordinary folk could not have been prevented – British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin House of Commons Debate on Foreign Affairs Hansard 23 November 1945 column 786 unfortunately secret Cabinet committees called democracy for propaganda purposes have not been quite so successful in preventing war Protection is needed against collateral civilian damage and contamination in conventional chemical and nuclear attack with credible low yield clean nuclear deterrence against conventional warfare which in reality not science fiction costs far more lives Anti scientific media who promulgate and exploit terrorism for profit censor 1 vital effective civil defense knowledge and 2 effective safe low yield air burst clean weapons like the Mk54 and W79 which deter conventional warfare and escalation allowing arms negotiations from a position of strength This helped end the Cold War in the 1980s Opposing civil defense and nuclear weapons that really deter conventional war is complacent and dangerousWar and coercion dangers have not stemmed from those who openly attack mainstream mistakes but from those who camouflage themselves as freedom fighters to ban such free criticism itself by making the key facts seem taboo without even a proper debate let alone financing research into unfashionable alternatives Research and education in non-mainstream alternatives is needed before an unprejudiced debate to establish all the basic facts for a real debate “Wisdom itself cannot flourish nor even truth be determined without the give and take of debate and criticism” – Robert Oppenheimer quotation from the H-bomb TV debate hosted by Eleanor Roosevelt 12 February 1950“Apologies for freedom I can’t handle this! Deal from strength or get crushed every time Freedom demands liberty everywhere I’m thinking you see it’s not so easy But we have to stand up tall and answer freedom’s call!” – Freedom Kids CONVENTIONAL WARS HAVE KILLED TENS OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAN RAPIDLY DETER THIS REAL THREAT TO PEACE WITH MINIMAL CASUALTIES ‘During the critical period 8-15 February 1968 the US command realized that conventional bombing was not sufficiently effective The air campaign dropped over 110000 tons of bombs and napalm on the area around Khe Sanh during the 77-day siege the most heavily bombed target in the history of conventional warfare’ – W C Yengst S J Lukasik and M A Jensen Nuclear Weapons that went to War SAID report DSWA-TR-97-25 September 1998 quoted in the 2015 book by the secret Capabilities of Nuclear Weapons editor Dr Harold L Brode Nuclear Weapons in the Cold War page 287 British Nuclear Test Civil Defence ResearchRichard P Feynman ‘This Unscientific Age’ in The Meaning of It All Penguin Books London 1998 pages 106-9: ‘Now I say if a man is absolutely honest and wants to protect the populace from the effects of radioactivity which is what our scientific friends often say they are trying to do then he should work on the biggest number not on the smallest number and he should try to point out that the natural cosmic radioactivity which is absorbed by living in the city of Denver is so much more serious than the smaller doses from nuclear explosions that all the people of Denver ought to move to lower altitudes’“If a man reads or hears a criticism of anything in which he has an interest watch if he shows concern with any question except ‘is it true’ he thereby reveals that his own attitude is unscientific Likewise if he judges an idea not on its merits but with reference to the author of it if he criticizes it as ‘heresy’ if he argues that authority must be right because it is authority The path of truth is paved with critical doubt and lighted by the spirit of objective enquiry the majority of people have resented what seems in retrospect to have been purely matter of fact nothing has aided the persistence of falsehood and the evils resulting from it more than the unwillingness of good people to admit the truth the tendency continues to be shocked by natural comment and to hold certain things too ‘sacred’ to think about How rarely does one meet anyone whose first reaction to anything is to ask: ‘is it true’ Yet unless that is a man’s natural reaction it shows that truth is not uppermost in his mind and unless it is true progress is unlikely” – Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart Why Don’t We Learn from History PEN Books 1944 revised edition Allen and Unwin 1972 Civil defense countermeasures to be taken seriously by the population require the publication of solid facts with the scientific evidence to support those facts against political propaganda to the contrary Secrecy over the effects of nuclear weapons tests does not hinder plutonium and missile production by rogue states but it does hinder civil defense countermeasures by permitting lying political propaganda to go unopposed see linked post here Terrorists successfully prey on the vulnerable The political spreading of lies concerning threats and the alleged ‘impossibility’ of all countermeasures terrorizing the population in order to ‘justify’ supposedly pro-peace disarmament policies in the 1920s-1930s resulted in the secret rearmament of fascist states which were terrorizing the Jews and others eventually leading to World War II Political exaggerations about nuclear weapons effects today: 1 encourage terrorist states and other groups to secretly invest in such weapons to use either for political intimidation or for future use against countries which have no countermeasures and 2 falsely dismiss in the eyes of the media and the public cheap relatively effective countermeasures like civil defense and ABM Therefore doom-mongering media lies make us vulnerable to the proliferation threat today in two ways just as they led to both world wars: 1 Exaggerations of offensive technology and a down-playing of simple countermeasures such as trenches encouraged belligerent states to start World War I in the false belief that modern technology implied overwhelming firepower which would terminate the war quickly on the basis of offensive preparedness: if the facts about simple trench countermeasures against shelling and machine guns during the American Civil War had been properly understood it would have been recognised by Germany that a long war based on munitions production and logistics would be necessary and war would have been seen to be likely to lead to German defeat against countries with larger overseas allies and colonies that could supply munitions and the other resources required to win a long war 2 Exaggerations of aerial bombardment technology after World War I led to disarmament ‘supported by’ false claims that it was impossible to have any defense against a perceived threat of instant annihilation from thousands of aircraft carrying gas and incendiary bombs encouraging fascists to secretly rearm in order to successfully take advantage of the fear and vulnerability caused by this lying political disarmament propaganda Contrived dismissal of civil defense by Marxist “Cambridge Scientists Anti-War Group” bigots: a appeased war-mongering enemies and b maximised war mortality rates Idealism kills Super effective fully proof-tested cheap civil defense makes nuclear deterrence credible to stop conventional war devastation by avoiding collateral damage tit-for-tat retaliation and escalation Historically it has been proved that having weapons is not enough to guarantee a reasonable measure of safety from terrorism and rogue states countermeasures are also needed both to make any deterrent credible and to negate or at least mitigate the effects of a terrorist attack Some people who wear seatbelts die in car crashes some people who are taken to hospital in ambulances even in peace-time die Sometimes lifebelts and lifeboats cannot save lives at sea This lack of a 100 success rate in saving lives doesn’t disprove the value of everyday precautions or of hospitals and medicine Hospitals don’t lull motorists into a false sense of security causing them to drive faster and cause more accidents Like-minded ‘arguments’ against ABM and civil defense are similarly vacuous ‘As long as the threat from Iran persists we will go forward with a missile system that is cost-effective and proven If the Iranian threat is eliminated we will have a stronger basis for security and the driving force for missile-defense construction in Europe will be removed’ – President Obama Prague Castle Czech Republic 4 April 2009 Before 9/11 Caspar Weinberger was quizzed by skeptical critics on the BBC News program Talking Point Friday May 4 2001: Caspar Weinberger quizzed on new US Star Wars ABM plans: ‘The ABM treaty was in 1972 The theory supporting the ABM treaty which prohibits ABM thus making nations vulnerable to terrorism that it will prevent an arms race is perfect nonsense because we have had an arms race all the time we have had the ABM treaty and we have seen the greatest increase in proliferation of nuclear weapons that we have ever had So the ABM treaty preventing an arms race is total nonsense ‘You have to understand that without any defences whatever you are very vulnerable It is like saying we don’t like chemical warfare – we don’t like gas attacks – so we are going to give up and promise not to have any defences ever against them and that of course would mean then we are perfectly safe ‘The Patriot was not a failure in the Gulf War – the Patriot was one of the things which defeated the Scud and in effect helped us win the Gulf War One or two of the shots went astray but that is true of every weapon system that has ever been invented ‘The fact that a missile defence system wouldn’t necessarily block a suitcase bomb is certainly not an argument for not proceeding with a missile defence when a missile that hits can wipe out hundreds of thousands of lives in a second ‘The curious thing about it is that missile defence is not an offensive weapon system – missile defence cannot kill anybody Missile defence can help preserve and protect your people and our allies and the idea that you are somehow endangering people by having a defence strikes me almost as absurd as saying you endanger people by having a gas mask in a gas attack ‘President Bush said that we were going ahead with the defensive system but we would make sure that nobody felt we had offensive intentions because we would accompany it by a unilateral reduction of our nuclear arsenal It seems to me to be a rather clear statement that proceeding with the missile defence system would mean fewer arms of this kind ‘You have had your arms race all the time that the ABM treaty was in effect and now you have an enormous accumulation and increase of nuclear weapons and that was your arms race promoted by the ABM treaty Now if you abolish the ABM treaty you are not going to get another arms race – you have got the arms already there – and if you accompany the missile defence construction with the unilateral reduction of our own nuclear arsenal then it seems to me you are finally getting some kind of inducement to reduce these weapons’ Before the ABM system is in place and afterwards if ABM fails to be 100 effective in an attack or is bypassed by terrorists using a bomb in a suitcase or in a ship civil defense is required and can be effective at saving lives: ‘Paradoxically the more damaging the effect that is the farther out its lethality stretches the more can be done about it because in the last fall of its power it covers vast areas where small mitigations will save very large numbers of people’ – Peter Laurie Beneath the City Streets: A Private Inquiry into the Nuclear Preoccupations of Government Penguin 1974 ‘The purpose of a book is to save people the time and effort of digging things out for themselves we have tried to leave the reader with something tangible – what a certain number of calories roentgens etc means in terms of an effect on the human being we must think of the people we are writing for’ – Dr Samuel Glasstone DSc letter dated 1 February 1957 to Colonel Dent L Lay Chief Weapons Effects Division US Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Washington DC pages 2 and 4 concerning the preparation of The Effects of Nuclear Weapons Glasstone and Dolan stated in The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 1977 Table 1217 on page 546 that the median distance in Hiroshima for survival after 20 days was 012 miles for people in concrete buildings and 13 miles for people standing outdoors Therefore the median distances for survival in modern city buildings and in the open differed by a factor of 11 for Hiroshima the difference in areas was thus a factor of 112 or about 120 Hence taking cover in modern city buildings reduces the casualty rates and the risks of being killed by a factor of 120 for Hiroshima conditions contrary to popular media presented political propaganda that civil defence is hopeless This would reduce 120000 casualties to 1000 casualties From Dr Glasstone’s Effects of Nuclear Weapons 1962/64 ed page 631: ‘At distances between 03 and 04 mile from ground zero in Hiroshima the average survival rate for at least 20 days after the nuclear explosion was less than 20 percent Yet in two reinforced concrete office buildings at these distances almost 90 percent of the nearly 800 occupants survived more than 20 days although some died later of radiation injury Furthermore of approximately 3000 school students who were in the open and unshielded within a mile of ground zero at Hiroshima about 90 percent were dead or missing after the explosion But of nearly 5000 students in the same zone who were shielded in one way or another only 26 percent were fatalities survival in Hiroshima was possible in buildings at such distances that the overpressure in the open was 15 to 20 pounds per square inch it is evident that the area over which protection could be effective in saving lives is roughly eight to ten times as great as that in which the chances of survival are small’ Lord Mayhew House of Lords debate on Civil Defence General Local Authority Functions Regulations Hansard vol 444 cc 523-49 1 November 1983: ‘ if there had been effective civil defence at Hiroshima probably thousands of lives would have been saved and much human suffering would have been avoided There is no question about it ’ Since the 1977 update by Glasstone and Dolan extensive new updates to EM-1 for a further revised edition of The Effects of Nuclear Weapons have not actually been published with unlimited public distribution due to President Carter’s 1979 executive order which transferred responsibility for civil defense from the jurisdiction of the US Department of Defense’s Defense Civil Preparedness Agency to the new agency which is not an Agency of the US Department of Defense and is not concerned with the analysis of nuclear weapons test effects data the Federal Emergency Management Agency However the February 1997 US Department of Defense’s Defense Special Weapons Agency 0602715H RDTampE Budget Item Justification Sheet R-2 Exhibit states that a revision of Glasstone and Dolan’s unclassified Effects of Nuclear Weapons was budgeted for 1997-9: “FY 1997 Plans: Provide text to update Glasstone’s book The Effects of Nuclear Weapons the standard reference for nuclear weapons effects Update the unclassified textbook entitled The Effects of Nuclear Weapons Continue revision of Glasstone’s book The Effects of Nuclear Weapons the standard reference for nuclear weapons effects FY1999 Plans Disseminate updated The Effects of Nuclear Weapons” The new publications are either classified or unclassified with limited distribution restrictions eg Bridgman’s Introduction to the Physics of Nuclear Weapons Effects which includes several chapters on nuclear weapons design to enable initial radiation outputs to be calculated precisely which prevents up-to-date basic nuclear effects information to justify civil defense against the latest nuclear threats from being widely disseminated the books are printed for use only by government agencies The problem with this approach is that widespread public understanding of the best information for civil defense countermeasures is prevented ‘The evidence from Hiroshima indicates that blast survivors both injured and uninjured in buildings later consumed by fire caused by the blast overturning charcoal braziers used for breakfast in inflammable wooden houses filled with easily ignitable bamboo furnishings and paper screens were generally able to move to safe areas following the explosion Of 130 major buildings studied by the US Strategic Bombing Survey 107 were ultimately burned out Of those suffering fire about 20 percent were burning after the first half hour The remainder were consumed by fire spread some as late as 15 hours after the blast This situation is not unlike the one our computer-based fire spread model described for Detroit’ – Defense Civil Preparedness Agency US Department of Defense DCPA Attack Environment Manual Chapter 3: What the Planner Needs to Know About Fire Ignition and Spread report CPG 2-1A3 June 1973 Panel 27 The Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima Japan US Strategic Bombing Survey Pacific Theatre report 92 volume 2 May 1947 secret: Volume one page 14: “ the city lacked buildings with fire-protective features such as automatic fire doors and automatic sprinkler systems” and pages 26-28 state the heat flash in Hiroshima was only: “ capable of starting primary fires in exposed easily combustible materials such as dark cloth thin paper or dry rotted wood exposed to direct radiation at distances usually within 4000 feet of the point of detonation AZ” Volume two examines the firestorm and the ignition of clothing by the thermal radiation flash in Hiroshima: Page 24: “Scores of persons throughout all sections of the city were questioned concerning the ignition of clothing by the flash from the bomb Ten school boys were located during the study who had been in school yards about 6200 feet east and 7000 feet west respectively from AZ air zero These boys had flash burns on the portions of their faces which had been directly exposed to rays of the bomb The boys’ stories were consistent to the effect that their clothing apparently of cotton materials ‘smoked’ but did not burst into flame a boy’s coat started to smoulder from heat rays at 3800 feet from AZ” Contrast this to the obfuscation and vagueness in Glasstone The Effects of Nuclear Weapons! Page 88: “Ignition of the City Only directly exposed surfaces were flash burned Measured from GZ flash burns on wood poles were observed at 13000 feet granite was roughened or spalled by heat at 1300 feet and vitreous tiles on roofs were blistered at 4000 feet six persons who had been in reinforced-concrete buildings within 3200 feet of air zero stated that black cotton blackout curtains were ignited by radiant heat dark clothing was scorched and in some cases reported to have burst into flame from flash heat although as the 1946 unclassified USSBS report admits most immediately beat the flames out with their hands without sustaining injury because the clothing was not drenched in gasoline unlike peacetime gasoline tanker road accident victims “ but a large proportion of over 1000 persons questioned was in agreement that a great majority of the original fires was started by debris falling on kitchen charcoal fires by industrial process fires or by electric short circuits Hundreds of fires were reported to have started in the centre of the city within 10 minutes after the explosion Of the total number of buildings investigated 135 buildings are listed 107 caught fire and in 69 instances the probable cause of initial ignition of the buildings or their contents was as follows: 1 8 by direct radiated heat from the bomb primary fire 2 8 by secondary sources and 3 53 by fire spread from exposed wooden buildings” ‘It is true that the Soviets have tested nuclear weapons of a yield higher than that which we thought necessary but the 100-megaton bomb of which they spoke two years ago does not and will not change the balance of strategic power The United States has chosen deliberately to concentrate on more mobile and more efficient weapons with lower but entirely sufficient yield ’ – President John F Kennedy in his television broadcast to the American public 26 July 1963 ‘During World War II many large cities in England Germany and Japan were subjected to terrific attacks by high-explosive and incendiary bombs Yet when proper steps had been taken for the protection of the civilian population and for the restoration of services after the bombing there was little if any evidence of panic It is the purpose of this book to state the facts concerning the atomic bomb and to make an objective scientific analysis of these facts It is hoped that as a result although it may not be feasible completely to allay fear it will at least be possible to avoid panic’ – Dr George Gamow the big bang cosmologist Dr Samuel Glasstone DSc Executive Editor of the book and Professor Joseph O Hirschfelder The Effects of Atomic Weapons Chapter 1 p 1 Paragraph 13 US Department of Defense September 1950 ‘The consequences of a multiweapon nuclear attack would certainly be grave Nevertheless recovery should be possible if plans exist and are carried out to restore social order and to mitigate the economic disruption’ – Philip J Dolan editor of Nuclear Weapons Employment FM 101-31 1963 Capabilities of Nuclear Weapons DNA-EM-1 1972 and The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 1977 Stanford Research Institute Appendix A of the US National Council on Radiological protection NCRP symposium The Control of Exposure to the Public of Ionising Radiation in the Event of Accident or Attack 1981 ‘Suppose the bomb dropped on Hiroshima had been 1000 times as powerful It could not have killed 1000 times as many people but at most the entire population of Hiroshima regarding the hype about various nuclear overkill exaggerations there is enough water in the oceans to drown everyone ten times’ – Professor Brian Martin PhD physics ‘The global health effects of nuclear war’ Current Affairs Bulletin Vol 59 No 7 December 1982 pp 14-26 In 1996 half a century after the nuclear detonations data on cancers from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors was published by D A Pierce et al of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation RERF Radiation Research vol 146 pp 1-27 Science vol 272 pp 632-3 for 86572 survivors of whom 60 had received bomb doses of over 5 mSv or 500 millirem in old units suffering 4741 cancers of which only 420 were due to radiation consisting of 85 leukemias and 335 solid cancers ‘Today we have a population of 2383 radium dial painter cases for whom we have reliable body content measurements All 64 bone sarcoma cancer cases occurred in the 264 cases with more than 10 Gy 1000 rads while no sarcomas appeared in the 2119 radium cases with less than 10 Gy’ – Dr Robert Rowland Director of the Center for Human Radiobiology Bone Sarcoma in Humans Induced by Radium: A Threshold Response Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting European Society for Radiation Biology Radioprotection colloquies Vol 32CI 1997 pp 331-8 Zbigniew Jaworowski ‘Radiation Risk and Ethics: Health Hazards Prevention Costs and Radiophobia’ Physics Today April 2000 pp 89-90: ‘ it is important to note that given the effects of a few seconds of irradiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 a threshold near 200 mSv may be expected for leukemia and some solid tumors Sources: UNSCEAR Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation New York 1994 W F Heidenreich et al Radiat Environ Biophys vol 36 1999 p 205 and B L Cohen Radiat Res vol 149 1998 p 525 For a protracted lifetime natural exposure a threshold may be set at a level of several thousand millisieverts for malignancies of 10 grays for radium-226 in bones and probably about 15-20 Gy for lung cancer after x-ray and gamma irradiation Sources: G Jaikrishan et al Radiation Research vol 152 1999 p S149 for natural exposure R D Evans Health Physics vol 27 1974 p 497 for radium-226 H H Rossi and M Zaider Radiat Environ Biophys vol 36 1997 p 85 for radiogenic lung cancer The hormetic effects such as a decreased cancer incidence at low doses and increased longevity may be used as a guide for estimating practical thresholds and for setting standards ‘Though about a hundred of the million daily spontaneous DNA damages per cell remain unrepaired or misrepaired apoptosis differentiation necrosis cell cycle regulation intercellular interactions and the immune system remove about 99 of the altered cells Source: R D Stewart Radiation Research vol 152 1999 p 101 ‘Due to the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 as of 1998 according to UNSCEAR a total of 1791 thyroid cancers in children had been registered About 93 of the youngsters have a prospect of full recovery Source: C R Moir and R L Telander Seminars in Pediatric Surgery vol 3 1994 p 182 The highest average thyroid doses in children 177 mGy were accumulated in the Gomel region of Belarus The highest incidence of thyroid cancer 179 cases per 100000 children occurred there in 1995 which means that the rate had increased by a factor of about 25 since 1987 ‘This rate increase was probably a result of improved screening not radiation! Even then the incidence rate for occult thyroid cancers was still a thousand times lower than it was for occult thyroid cancers in nonexposed populations in the US for example the rate is 13000 per 100000 persons and in Finland it is 35600 per 100000 persons Thus given the prospect of improved diagnostics there is an enormous potential for detecting yet more fictitious excess thyroid cancers In a study in the US that was performed during the period of active screening in 1974-79 it was determined that the incidence rate of malignant and other thyroid nodules was greater by 21-fold than it had been in the pre-1974 period Source: Z Jaworowski 21st Century Science and Technology vol 11 1998 issue 1 p 14’ ‘Professor Edward Lewis used data from four independent populations exposed to radiation to demonstrate that the incidence of leukemia was linearly related to the accumulated dose of radiation Outspoken scientists including Linus Pauling used Lewis’s risk estimate to inform the public about the danger of nuclear fallout by estimating the number of leukemia deaths that would be caused by the test detonations In May of 1957 Lewis’s analysis of the radiation-induced human leukemia data was published as a lead article in Science magazine In June he presented it before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy of the US Congress’ – Abstract of thesis by Jennifer Caron Edward Lewis and Radioactive Fallout: the Impact of Caltech Biologists Over Nuclear Weapons Testing in the 1950s and 60s Caltech January 2003 Dr John F Loutit of the Medical Research Council Harwell England in 1962 wrote a book called Irradiation of Mice and Men University of Chicago Press Chicago and London discrediting the pseudo-science from geneticist Edward Lewis on pages 61 and 78-79: ‘ Mole R H Mole Brit J Radiol v32 p497 1959 gave different groups of mice an integrated total of 1000 r of X-rays over a period of 4 weeks But the dose-rate – and therefore the radiation-free time between fractions – was varied from 81 r/hour intermittently to 13 r/hour continuously The incidence of leukemia varied from 40 per cent within 15 months of the start of irradiation in the first group to 5 per cent in the last compared with 2 per cent incidence in irradiated controls … ‘What Lewis did and which I have not copied was to include in his table another group – spontaneous incidence of leukemia Brooklyn NY – who are taken to have received only natural background radiation throughout life at the very low dose-rate of 01-02 rad per year: the best estimate is listed as 2 x 10-6 like the others in the table But the value of 2 x 10-6 was not calculated from the data as for the other groups it was merely adopted By its adoption and multiplication with the average age in years of Brooklyners – 337 years and radiation dose per year of 01-02 rad – a mortality rate of 7 to 13 cases per million per year due to background radiation was deduced or some 10-20 per cent of the observed rate of 65 cases per million per year ‘All these points are very much against the basic hypothesis of Lewis of a linear relation of dose to leukemic effect irrespective of time Unhappily it is not possible to claim for Lewis’s work as others have done “It is now possible to calculate – within narrow limits – how many deaths from leukemia will result in any population from an increase in fall-out or other source of radiation” Leading article in Science vol 125 p 963 1957 This is just wishful journalese ‘The burning questions to me are not what are the numbers of leukemia to be expected from atom bombs or radiotherapy but what is to be expected from natural background Furthermore to obtain estimates of these I believe it is wrong to go to 1950s inaccurate dose rate effect ignoring data from atom bombs where the radiations are qualitatively different ie including effects from neutrons and more important the dose-rate outstandingly different’ Samuel Glasstone and Philip J Dolan The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 3rd ed 1977 pp 611-3: ‘From the earlier studies of radiation-induced mutations made with fruitflies by Nobel Laureate Hermann J Muller and other geneticists who worked on plants who falsely hyped their insect and plant data as valid for mammals like humans during the June 1957 US Congressional Hearings on fallout effects it appeared that the number or frequency of mutations in a given population is proportional to the total dose More recent experiments with mice however have shown that these conclusions need to be revised at least for mammals Mammals are biologically closer to humans in respect to DNA repair mechanisms than short-lived insects whose life cycles are too small to have forced the evolutionary development of advanced DNA repair mechanisms unlike mammals that need to survive for decades before reproducing When exposed to X-rays or gamma rays the mutation frequency in these animals has been found to be dependent on the exposure or dose rate ‘At an exposure rate of 0009 roentgen per minute 054 R/hour the total mutation frequency in female mice is indistinguishable from the spontaneous frequency Emphasis added There thus seems to be an exposure-rate threshold below which radiation-induced mutations are absent with adult female mice a delay of at least seven weeks between exposure to a substantial dose of radiation either neutrons or gamma rays and conception causes the mutation frequency in the offspring to drop almost to zero recovery in the female members of the population would bring about a substantial reduction in the ‘load’ of mutations in subsequent generations’ George Bernard Shaw cynically explains groupthink brainwashing bias: ‘We cannot help it because we are so constituted that we always believe finally what we wish to believe The moment we want to believe something we suddenly see all the arguments for it and become blind to the arguments against it The moment we want to disbelieve anything we have previously believed we suddenly discover not only that there is a mass of evidence against but that this evidence was staring us in the face all the time’ From the essay titled ‘What is Science’ by Professor Richard P Feynman presented at the fifteenth annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association 1966 in New York City and published in The Physics Teacher vol 7 issue 6 1968 pp 313-20: ‘ great religions are dissipated by following form without remembering the direct content of the teaching of the great leaders In the same way it is possible to follow form and call it science but that is pseudo-science In this way we all suffer from the kind of tyranny we have today in the many institutions that have come under the influence of pseudoscientific advisers ‘We have many studies in teaching for example in which people make observations make lists do statistics and so on but these do not thereby become established science established knowledge They are merely an imitative form of science analogous to the South Sea Islanders’ airfields – radio towers etc made out of wood The islanders expect a great airplane to arrive They even build wooden airplanes of the same shape as they see in the foreigners’ airfields around them but strangely enough their wood planes do not fly The result of this pseudoscientific imitation is to produce experts which many of you are you teachers who are really teaching children at the bottom of the heap can maybe doubt the experts As a matter of fact I can also define science another way: Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts’ Richard P Feynman ‘This Unscientific Age’ in The Meaning of It All Penguin Books London 1998 pages 106-9: ‘Now I say if a man is absolutely honest and wants to protect the populace from the effects of radioactivity which is what our scientific friends often say they are trying to do then he should work on the biggest number not on the smallest number and he should try to point out that the natural cosmic radioactivity which is absorbed by living in the city of Denver is so much more serious than the smaller doses from nuclear explosions that all the people of Denver ought to move to lower altitudes’ Feynman is not making a point about low level radiation effects but about the politics of ignoring the massive natural background radiation dose while provoking hysteria over much smaller measured fallout pollution radiation doses Why is the anti-nuclear lobby so concerned about banning nuclear energy – which is not possible even in principle since most of our nuclear radiation is from the sun and from supernova debris contaminating the Earth from the explosion that created the solar system circa 4540 million years ago – when they could cause much bigger radiation dose reductions to the population by concentrating on the bigger radiation source natural background radiation It is possible to shield natural background radiation by the air eg by moving the population of high altitude cities to lower altitudes where there is more air between the people and outer space or banning the use of high-altitude jet aircraft The anti-nuclear lobby as Feynman stated back in the 1960s didn’t crusade to reduce the bigger dose from background radiation Instead they chose to argue against the much smaller doses from fallout pollution Feynman’s argument is still today falsely interpreted as a political statement when it is actually exposing pseudo-science and countering political propaganda It is still ignored by the media It has been pointed out by Senator Hickenlooper on page 1060 of the May-June 1957 US Congressional Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy The Nature of Radioactive Fallout and Its Effects on Man: ‘I presume all of us would earnestly hope that we never had to test atomic weapons but by the same token I presume that we want to save thousands of lives in this country every year and we could just abolish the manufacture of road accident causing automobiles ’ Dihydrogen monoxide is a potentially very dangerous chemical containing hydrogen and oxygen which has caused numerous severe burns by scalding and deaths by drowning contributes to the greenhouse effect accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals and contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape: ‘Dihydrogen monoxide DHMO is colorless odorless tasteless and kills uncounted thousands of people every year Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive sweating and urination and possibly a bloated feeling nausea vomiting and body electrolyte imbalance For those who have become dependent DHMO withdrawal means certain death’ From the site for the petition against dihydrogen monoxide: ‘Please sign this petition and help stop This Invisible Killer Get the government to do something now Contamination Is Reaching Epidemic Proportions! Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been found in almost every stream lake and reservoir in America today But the pollution is global and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property damage in the Midwest and recently California’ A recent example of the pseudoscientific radiation ‘education’ masquerading as science that Feynman quoted above objected to in the 1960s was published in 2009 in an article called ‘The proportion of childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain that may be caused by natural background ionizing radiation’ in Leukemia vol 23 2009 pp 770–776 which falsely asserts – in contradiction to the evidence that the no-threshold model is contrary to Hiroshima and Nagasaki data: ‘Risk models based primarily on studies of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors imply that low-level exposure to ionizing radiation including ubiquitous natural background radiation also raises the risk of childhood leukaemia Using two sets of recently published leukaemia risk models and estimates of natural background radiation red-bone-marrow doses received by children about 20 of the cases of childhood leukaemia in Great Britain are predicted to be attributable to this source’ The authors of this pseudoscience which is the opposite of the facts are R Wakeford Dalton Nuclear Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK G M Kendall Childhood Cancer Research Group Oxford UK and M P Little Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Imperial College London UK It is disgusting and sinful that the facts about childhood leukemia are being lied on so blatantly for non-scientific purposes and it is to be hoped that these leukemia investigators will either correct their errors or alternatively be banned from using scientific literature to promote false dogma for deception until they mend the error of their ways and repent their sins in this matter Protein P53 discovered only in 1979 is encoded by gene TP53 which occurs on human chromosome 17 P53 also occurs in other mammals including mice rats and dogs P53 is one of the proteins which continually repairs breaks in DNA which easily breaks at body temperature: the DNA in each cell of the human body suffers at least two single strand breaks every second and one double strand ie complete double helix DNA break occurs at least once every 2 hours 5 of radiation-induced DNA breaks are double strand breaks while 0007 of spontaneous DNA breaks at body temperature are double strand breaks! Cancer occurs when several breaks in DNA happen to occur by chance at nearly the same time giving several loose strand ends at once which repair proteins like P53 then repair incorrectly causing a mutation which can be proliferated somatically This cannot occur when only one break occurs because only two loose ends are produced and P53 will reattach them correctly But if low-LET ionising radiation levels are increased to a certain extent causing more single strand breaks P53 works faster and is able deal with faster breaks as they occur so that multiple broken strand ends do not arise This prevents DNA strands being repaired incorrectly and prevents cancer – a result of mutation caused by faults in DNA – from arising Too much radiation of course overloads the P53 repair mechanism and then it cannot repair breaks as they occur so multiple breaks begin to appear and loose ends of DNA are wrongly connected by P53 causing an increased cancer risk 1 DNA-damaging free radicals are equivalent to a source of sparks which is always present naturally 2 Cancer is equivalent the fire you get if the sparks are allowed to ignite the gasoline ie if the free radicals are allowed to damage DNA without the damage being repaired 3 Protein P53 is equivalent to a fire suppression system which is constantly damping out the sparks or repairing the damaged DNA so that cancer doesn’t occur In this way of thinking the ‘cause’ of cancer will be down to a failure of a DNA repairing enzyme like protein P53 to repair the damage Dr Jane Orient ‘Homeland Security for Physicians’ Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons vol 11 number 3 Fall 2006 pp 75-9: ‘In the 1960s a group of activist physicians called Physicians for Social Responsibility PSR undertook to educate the medical profession and the world about the dangers of nuclear weapons beginning with a series of articles in the New England Journal of Medicine Note that journal was publishing information for anti-civil defense propaganda back in 1949 eg the article in volume 241 pp 647-53 of New England Journal of Medicine which falsely suggests that civil defense in nuclear war would be hopeless because a single burned patient in 1947 with 40 body area burns required 42 oxygen tanks 36 pints of plasma 40 pints of whole blood 104 pints of fluids 4300 m of gauze 3 nurses and 2 doctors First only unclothed persons in direct line of sight without shadowing can get 40 body area burns from thermal radiation second duck and cover offers protection in a nuclear attack warning and G V LeRoy had already published two years earlier in JAMA volume 134 1947 pp 1143-8 that less than 5 of burns in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were caused by building and debris fires In medicine it is always possible to expend vast resources on patients who are fatally injured In a mass casualty situation doctors should not give up just because they don’t have unlimited resources as at Hiroshima and Nagasaki they would need to do their best with what they have On its website wwwpsrorg the group boasts that it led the campaign to end atmospheric nuclear testing With this campaign the linear no-threshold LNT theory of radiation carcinogenesis became entrenched It enabled activists to calculate enormous numbers of potential casualties by taking a tiny risk and multiplying it by the population of the earth As an enduring consequence the perceived risks of radiation are far out of proportion to actual risks causing tremendous damage to the American nuclear industry Efforts to save lives were not only futile but unethical: Any suggestion that nuclear war could be survivable increased its likelihood and was thus tantamount to warmongering PSR spokesmen warned ‘For the mindset that engendered and enables this situation which jeopardizes the existence of the United States as a nation as well as the lives of millions of its citizens some American physicians and certain prestigious medical organizations bear a heavy responsibility ‘Ethical physicians should stand ready to help patients to the best of their ability and not advocate sacrificing them in the name of a political agenda Even very basic knowledge especially combined with simple inexpensive advance preparations could save countless lives’ Dr Theodore B Taylor Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Conference on Selected Effects of a General War DASIAC Special Report 95 July 1969 vol 2 DASA-2019-2 AD0696959 page 298 also linked here: ‘I must just say that as far as I’m concerned I have had some doubts about whether we should have had a civil defense program in the past I have no doubt whatsoever now for this reason that I’ve seen ways in which the deterrent forces can fail to hold things off so that no matter what our national leaders do criminal organizations what have you groups of people over which we have no control whatsoever can threaten other groups of people’ This point of Taylor is the key fact on the morality Suppose we disarm and abandon nuclear power That won’t stop fallout from a war terrorists or a foreign reactor blast from coming Civil defence knowledge is needed Even when America has ABM it will be vulnerable to wind carried fallout No quantity of pacifist hot air will protect people against radiation Charles J Hitch and Roland B McKean of the RAND Corporation in their 1960 book The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age Harvard University Press Massachusetts pp 310-57: ‘With each side possessing only a small striking force a small amount of cheating would give one side dominance over the other and the incentive to cheat and prepare a preventative attack would be strong With each side possessing say several thousand missiles a vast amount of cheating would be necessary to give one side the ability to wipe out the other’s striking capability the more extensive a disarmament agreement is the smaller the force that a violator would have to hide in order to achieve complete domination Most obviously “the abolition of the weapons necessary in a general or ‘unlimited’ war” would offer the most insuperable obstacles to an inspection plan since the violator could gain an overwhelming advantage from the concealment of even a few weapons’ Disarmament after World War I caused the following problem which led to World War II reported by Winston S Churchill in the London Daily Express newspaper of November 1 1934: ‘Germany is arming secretly illegally and rapidly A reign of terror exists in Germany to keep secret the feverish and terrible preparations they are making’ British Prime Minister Thatcher’s address to the United Nations General Assembly on disarmament on 23 June 1982 where she pointed out that in the years since the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 10 million people had been killed by 140 non-nuclear conflicts: ‘The fundamental risk to peace is not the existence of weapons of particular types It is the disposition on the part of some states to impose change on others by resorting to force against other nations Aggressors do not start wars because an adversary has built up his own strength They start wars because they believe they can gain more by going to war than by remaining at peace’ J D Culshaw the then Director of the UK Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch stated in his article in the Scientific Advisory Branch journal Fission Fragments September 1972 issue No 19 classified ‘Restricted’: ‘Apart from those who don’t want to know or can’t be bothered there seem to be three major schools of thought about the nature of a possible Third World War ‘The first group think of something like World War II but a little worse ‘ the second of World War II but very much worse ‘and the third group think in terms of a catastrophe ‘When the Armageddon concept is in favour the suggestion that such problems exist leads to way out research on these phenomena and it is sufficient to mention a new catastrophic threat eg 10 years later this was done by Sagan with nuclear winter hype which turned out to be fake because modern concrete cities can’t produce firestorms like 1940s wooden-built areas of Hamburg Dresden and Hiroshima to stimulate research into the possibilities of it arising The underlying appeal of this concept is that if one could show that the execution of all out nuclear biological or chemical warfare would precipitate the end of the world no one but a mad man would be prepared to initiate such a war However as history proves plenty of mad men end up gaining power and leading countries into wars’ J K S Clayton then Director of the UK Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch stated in his introduction entitled The Challenge – Why Home Defence to the 1977 Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch Training Manual for Scientific Advisers: ‘Since 1945 we have had nine wars – in Korea Malaysia and Vietnam between China and India China and Russia India and Pakistan and between the Arabs and Israelis on three occasions We have had confrontations between East and West over Berlin Formosa and Cuba There have been civil wars or rebellions in no less than eleven countries and invasions or threatened invasions of another five Whilst it is not suggested that all these incidents could have resulted in major wars they do indicate the aptitude of mankind to resort to a forceful solution of its problems sometimes with success ‘ It is estimated that Mongol invaders exterminated 35 million Chinese between 1311-40 without modern weapons Communist Chinese killed 263 million dissenters between 1949 and May 1965 according to detailed data compiled by the Russians on 7 April 1969 The Soviet communist dictatorship killed 40 million dissenters mainly owners of small farms between 1917-59 Conventional non-nuclear air raids on Japan killed 600000 during World War II The single incendiary air raid on Tokyo on 10 March 1945 killed 140000 people more than the total for nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined at much less than the 2 billion expense of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bombs! Non-nuclear air raids on Germany during World War II killed 593000 civilians The argument that the enemy will continue stocking megaton fallout weapons if we go to cleaner weapons is irrelevant for deterrence since we’re not planning to start war just to credibly deter invasions You should not try to lower your standards of warfare to those of your enemy to appease groupthink taboos or you will end up like Britain’s leaders in the 1930s trying to collaborate with fascists for popular applause House of Lords debate Nuclear Weapons: Destructive Power published in Hansard 14 June 1988: Lord Hailsham of Saint Marylebone: ‘My Lords if we are going into the question of lethality of weapons and seek thereby to isolate the nuclear as distinct from the so-called conventional range is there not a danger that the public may think that Vimy Passchendaele and Dresden were all right—sort of tea parties—and that nuclear war is something which in itself is unacceptable’ Lord Trefgarne: ‘My Lords the policy of making Europe or the rest of the world safe for conventional war is not one that I support’ House of Commons debate Civil Defence published in Hansard 26 October 1983: Mr Bill Walker Tayside North: ‘I remind the House that more people died at Stalingrad than at Hiroshima or Nagasaki Yet people talk about fighting a conventional war in Europe as if it were acceptable One rarely sees demonstrations by the so-called peace movement against a conventional war in Europe but it could be nothing but ghastly and horrendous The casualties would certainly exceed those at Stalingrad and that cannot be acceptable to anyone who wants peace’ On 29 October 1982 Thatcher stated of the Berlin Wall: ‘In every decade since the war the Soviet leaders have been reminded that their pitiless ideology only survives because it is maintained by force But the day comes when the anger and frustration of the people is so great that force cannot contain it Then the edifice cracks: the mortar crumbles one day liberty will dawn on the other side of the wall’ On 22 November 1990 she said: ‘Today we have a Europe where the threat to our security from the overwhelming conventional forces of the Warsaw Pact has been removed where the Berlin Wall has been torn down and the Cold War is at an end These immense changes did not come about by chance They have been achieved by strength and resolution in defence and by a refusal ever to be intimidated’ ‘The case for civil defence stands regardless of whether a nuclear deterrent is necessary or not Even if the UK were not itself at war we would be as powerless to prevent fallout from a nuclear explosion crossing the sea as was King Canute to stop the tide’ – UK Home Office leaflet Civil Defence 1982 ‘ peace cannot be guaranteed absolutely Nobody can be certain no matter what policies this or any other Government were to adopt that the United Kingdom would never again be attacked Also we cannot tell what form such an attack might take Current strategic thinking suggests that if war were to break out it would start with a period of conventional hostilities of uncertain duration which might or might not escalate to nuclear conflict while nuclear weapons exist there must always be a chance however small that they will be used against us like gas bombs in World War II as a consequence of war between other nations in which we were not involved fall out from nuclear explosions could fall on a neutral Britain conventional war is not the soft option that is sometimes suggested It is also too easily forgotten that in World War II some 50 million people died and that conventional weapons have gone on killing people ever since 1945 without respite’ – – The Minister of State Scottish Office Lord Gray of Contin House of Lords debate on Civil Defence General Local Authority Functions Regulations Hansard vol 444 cc 523-49 1 November 1983 ‘All of us are living in the light and warmth of a huge hydrogen bomb 860000 miles across and 93 million miles away which is in a state of continuous explosion’ – Dr Isaac Asimov ‘Dr Edward Teller remarked recently that the origin of the earth was somewhat like the explosion of the atomic bomb’ – Dr Harold C Urey The Planets: Their Origin and Development Yale University Press New Haven 1952 p ix ‘But compared with a supernova a hydrogen bomb is the merest trifle For a supernova is equal in violence to about a million million million million hydrogen bombs all going off at the same time’ – Sir Fred Hoyle 1915-2001 The Nature of the Universe Pelican Books London 1963 p 75 ‘In fact physicists find plenty of interesting and novel physics in the environment of a nuclear explosion Some of the physical phenomena are valuable objects of research and promise to provide further understanding of nature’ – Dr Harold L Brode The RAND Corporation ‘Review of Nuclear Weapons Effects’ Annual Review of Nuclear Science Volume 18 1968 pp 153-202 ‘It seems that similarities do exist between the processes of formation of single particles from nuclear explosions and formation of the solar system from the debris of a 4 x 1028 megatons of TNT equivalent type Ia supernova explosion We may be able to learn much more about the origin of the earth by further investigating the process of radioactive fallout from the nuclear weapons tests’ – Dr Paul K Kuroda 1917-2001 University of Arkansas ‘Radioactive Fallout in Astronomical Settings: Plutonium-244 in the Early Environment of the Solar System’ pages 83-96 of Radionuclides in the Environment: A Symposium Sponsored By the Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology At the 155th Meeting of the American Chemical Society San Francisco California April 1-3 1968 edited by Symposium Chairman Dr Edward C Freiling 1922-2000 of the US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory Advances in Chemistry Series No 93 American Chemical Society Washington DC 1970 Dr Paul K Kuroda 1917-2001 in 1956 correctly predicted the existence of water-moderated natural nuclear reactors in flooded uranium ore seams which were discovered in 1972 by French physicist Francis Perrin in three ore deposits at Oklo in Gabon where sixteen sites operated as natural nuclear reactors with self-sustaining nuclear fission 2000 million years ago each lasting several hundred thousand years averaging 100 kW The radioactive waste they generated remained in situ for a period of 2000000000 years without escaping They were discovered during investigations into why the U-235 content of the uranium in the ore was only 07171 instead of the normal 07202 Some of the ore in the middle of the natural reactors had a U-235 isotopic abundance of just 0440 Kuroda’s brilliant paper is entitled ‘On the Nuclear Physical Stability of the Uranium Minerals’ published in the Journal of Chemical Physics vol 25 1956 pp 781–782 and 1295–1296 A type Ia supernova explosion always yielding 4 x 1028 megatons of TNT equivalent results from the critical mass effect of the collapse of a white dwarf as soon as its mass exceeds 14 solar masses due to matter falling in from a companion star The degenerate electron gas in the white dwarf is then no longer able to support the pressure from the weight of gas which collapses thereby releasing enough gravitational potential energy as heat and pressure to cause the fusion of carbon and oxygen into heavy elements creating massive amounts of radioactive nuclides particularly intensely radioactive nickel-56 but half of all other nuclides including uranium and heavier are also produced by the ‘R’ rapid process of successive neutron captures by fusion products in supernovae explosions Type Ia supernovae occur typically every 400 years in the Milky Way galaxy On 4 July 1054 Chinese astronomers observed in the sky without optical instruments the bright supernova in the constellation Taurus which today is still visible as the Crab Nebula through telescopes The Crab Nebula debris has a diameter now of 7 light years and is still expanding at 800 miles/second The supernova debris shock wave triggers star formation when it encounters hydrogen gas in space by compressing it and seeding it with debris bright stars are observed in the Orion Halo the 300 light year diameter remains of a supernova It is estimated that when the solar system was forming 4540 million years ago a supernova occurred around 100 light years away and the heavy radioactive debris shock wave expanded at 1000 miles/second Most of the heavy elements including iron silicon and calcium in the Earth and people are the stable end products of originally radioactive decay chains from the space burst fallout of a 7 x 1026 megatons thermonuclear explosion created by fusion and successive neutron captures after the implosion of a white dwarf a supernova explosion How would a 1055 megaton hydrogen bomb explosion differ from the big bang Ignorant answers biased in favour of curved spacetime ignoring quantum gravity! abound such as claims that explosions can’t take place in ‘outer space’ disagreeing with the facts from nuclear space bursts by Russia and America in 1962 not to mention natural supernova explosions in space! and that explosions produce sound waves in air by definition! There are indeed major differences in the nuclear reactions between the big bang and a nuclear bomb But it is helpful to notice the solid physical fact that implosion systems suggest the mechanism of gravitation: in implosion TNT is well-known to produce an inward force on a bomb core but Newton’s 3rd law says there is an equal and opposite reaction force outward In fact you can’t have a radially outward force without an inward reaction force! It’s the rocket principle The rocket accelerates with force F ma forward by virtue of the recoil from accelerating the exhaust gas with force F -ma in the opposite direction! Nothing massive accelerates without an equal and opposite reaction force Applying this fact to the measured 6 x 10-10 ms-2 Hc cosmological acceleration of matter radially outward from observers in the universe which was predicted accurately in 1996 and later observationally discovered in 1999 by Perlmutter et al we find an outward force F ma and inward reaction force by the 3rd law The inward force allows quantitative predictions and is mediated by gravitons predicting gravitation in a checkable way unlike string theory which is just a landscape of 10500 different perturbative theories and so can’t make any falsifiable predictions about gravity So it seems as if nuclear explosions do indeed provide helpful analogies to natural features of the world and the mainstream lambda-CDM model of cosmology – with its force-fitted unobserved ad hoc speculative ‘dark energy’ – ignores and sweeps under the rug major quantum gravity effects which increase the physical understanding of particle physics particularly force unification and the relation of gravitation to the existing electroweak SU2 x U1 section of the Standard Model of fundamental forces Richard Lieu Physics Department University of Alabama ‘Lambda-CDM cosmology: how much suppression of credible evidence and does the model really lead its competitors using all evidence’ Even Einstein grasped the possibility that general relativity’s lambda-CDM model is at best just a classical approximation to quantum field theory at the end of his life when he wrote to Besso in 1954: ‘I consider it quite possible that physics cannot be based on the classical differential equation field principle ie on continuous structures In that case nothing remains of my entire castle in the air non-quantum gravitation theory included ’ ‘Science is the organized skepticism in the reliability of expert opinion’ – Professor Richard P Feynman quoted by Professor Lee Smolin The Trouble with Physics Houghton-Mifflin New York 2006 p 307 ‘The expression of dissenting views may not seem like much of a threat to a powerful organization yet sometimes it triggers an amazingly hostile response The reason is that a single dissenter can puncture an illusion of unanimity Among those suppressed have been the engineers who tried to point out problems with the Challenger space shuttle that caused it to blow up More fundamentally suppression is a denial of the open dialogue and debate that are the foundation of a free society Even worse than the silencing of dissidents is the chilling effect such practices have on others For every individual who speaks out numerous others decide to play it safe and keep quiet More serious than external censorship is the problem of self-censorship’ — Professor Brian Martin University of Wollongong ‘Stamping Out Dissent’ Newsweek 26 April 1993 pp 49-50 In 1896 Sir James Mackenzie-Davidson asked Wilhelm Röntgen who discovered X-rays in 1895: ‘What did you think’ Röntgen replied: ‘I did not think I investigated’ The reason Cathode ray expert J J Thomson in 1894 saw glass fluorescence far from a tube but due to prejudice expert opinion he avoided investigating that X-ray evidence! ‘Science is the organized skepticism in the reliability of expert opinion’ – Richard Feynman in Lee Smolin The Trouble with Physics Houghton-Mifflin 2006 p 307 Mathematical symbols in this blog: your computer’s browser needs access to standard character symbol sets to display Greek symbols for mathematical physics If you don’t have the symbol character sets installed the density symbol ‘r’ Rho will appear as ‘r’ and the ‘p’ Pi symbol will as ‘p’ causing confusion with the use of ‘r’ for radius and ‘p’ for momentum in formulae This problem exists with Mozilla Firefox 3 but not with Microsoft Explorer which displays Greek symbols About Me Name: nige Currently designing secure active server page ASP front ends for client SQL databases In 1982 I began programming in basic and at college learned Fortran while a physics undergraduate a decade later Afterwards I switched from mainstream physics and mathematical education to part-time programming student while working in a series of jobs including four years in credit control wwwquantumfieldtheoryorg View my complete profile From 1945-62 America tested 216 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 154 megatons with a mean yield of 713 kilotons From 1949-62 Russia tested 214 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 281 megatons with a mean yield of 131 megatons From 1952-8 Britain tested 21 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 108 megatons with a mean yield of 514 kilotons From 1960-74 France tested 46 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 114 megatons with a mean yield of 248 kilotons From 1964-80 China tested 23 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 215 megatons with a mean yield of 935 kilotons In summary from 1945-80 America Russia Britain France and China tested 520 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 4787 megatons with a mean yield of 921 kilotons Mean yield of the 5192 nuclear warheads and bombs in the deployed Russian nuclear stockpile as of January 2009: 0317 Mt Total yield: 1646 Mt Mean yield of the 4552 nuclear warheads and bombs in the deployed US nuclear stockpile as of January 2007: 0257 Mt Total yield: 1172 Mt For diffraction damage where damage areas scale as the two-thirds power of explosive yield this stockpile’s area damage potential can be compared to the 20000000 conventional bombs of 100 kg size 2 megatons of TNT equivalent total energy dropped on Germany during World War II: Total nuclear bomb blast diffraction damaged ground area/Total conventional blast diffraction damaged ground area to Germany during World War II 45520257 Mt2/3/2000000000000001 Mt2/3 1840/431 43 Thus although the entire US stockpile has a TNT energy equivalent to 586 times that of the 2 megatons of conventional bombs dropped on Germany in World War II it is only capable of causing 43 times as much diffraction type damage area because any given amount of explosive energy is far more efficient when distributed over many small explosions than in a single large explosion! Large explosions are inefficient because they cause unintended collateral damage wasting energy off the target area and injuring or damaging unintended targets! In a controlled sample of 36500 survivors 89 people got leukemia over a 40 year period above the number in the unexposed control group Data: Radiation Research volume 146 1996 pages 1-27 Over 40 years in 36500 survivors monitored there were 176 leukemia deaths which is 89 more than the control unexposed group got naturally There were 4687 other cancer deaths but that was merely 339 above the number in the control unexposed group so this is statistically a much smaller rise than the leukemia result Natural leukemia rates which are very low in any case were increased by 51 in the irradiated survivors but other cancers were merely increased by just 7 Adding all the cancers together the total was 4863 cancers virtually all natural cancer nothing whatsoever to do with radiation which is just 428 more than the unexposed control group Hence the total increase over the natural cancer rate due to bomb exposure was only 9 spread over a period of 40 years There was no increase whatsoever in genetic malformations There should be a note here about how unnatural radioactive pollution is not in space: the earth’s atmosphere is a radiation shield equivalent to being protected behind a layer of water 10 metres thick This reduces the cosmic background radiation by a factor of 100 of what it would be without the earth’s atmosphere Away from the largely uninhabited poles the Earth’s magnetic field also protects us against charged cosmic radiations which are deflected and end up spiralling around the magnetic field at high altitude in the Van Allen trapped radiation belts On the Moon for example there is no atmosphere or significant magnetic field so the natural background radiation exposure rate at solar minimum is 1 milliRoentgen per hour about 10 microSieverts/hour some 100 times that on the Earth 0010 milliRoentgen per hour or about 010 microSieverts/hour The Apollo astronauts visiting the Moon wore dosimeters and they received an average of 275 milliRoentgens about 275 milliSieverts of radiation well over a year’s exposure to natural background at sea level in over just 195 days It is a lot more than that during a solar flare which is one of the concerns for astronauts to avoid micrometeorites are another concern in a soft spacesuit The higher up you are above sea level the less of the atmosphere there is between you and space so the less shielding you have to protect you from the intense cosmic space radiations emitted by thermonuclear reactors we call ‘stars’ as well as distant supernovae explosions At sea level the air above you constitutes a radiation shield of 10 tons per square metre or the equivalent of having a 10 metres thick water shield between you and outer space As you go up a mountain or up in an aircraft the amount of atmosphere between you and space decreases thus radiation levels increase with altitude because there is less shielding The normal background radiation exposure rate shoots up by a factor of 20 from 0010 to 020 milliRoentgens per hour when any airplane ascends from sea level to 36000 feet cruising altitude The now obsolete British Concorde supersonic transport used to maintain radiation-monitoring equipment so that it could drop to lower-altitude flight routes if excessive cosmic radiation due to solar storms were detected Flight aircrew get more radiation exposure than many nuclear industry workers at nuclear power plants Residents of the high altitude city of Denver get 100 milliRoentgens about 1 milliSievert more annual exposure than a resident of Washington DC but the mainstream anti-radiation cranks don’t campaign for the city to be shut to save kids radiation exposure for mountain climbing to be banned etc! 1994 revised Introduction to Kearny’s Nuclear War Survival Skills by Dr Edward Teller January 14 1994: ‘If defense is neglected these weapons of attack become effective They become available and desirable in the eyes of an imperialist dictator even if his means are limited Weapons of mass destruction could become equalizers between nations big and small highly developed and primitive if defense is neglected If defense is developed and if it is made available for general prevention of war weapons of aggression will become less desirable Thus defense makes war itself less probable One psychological defense mechanism against danger is to forget about it This attitude is as common as it is disastrous It may turn a limited danger into a fatal difficulty’ Advice of Robert Watson-Watt Chief Scientist on the World War II British Radar Project defending Britain against enemy attacks: ‘Give them the third best to go on with the second best comes too late the best never comes’ From Wikipedia a source of groupthink: ‘Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing analyzing and evaluating ideas Individual creativity uniqueness and independent thinking are lost in the pursuit of group cohesiveness as are the advantages of reasonable balance in choice and thought that might normally be obtained by making decisions as a group During groupthink members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking A variety of motives for this may exist such as a desire to avoid being seen as foolish or a desire to avoid embarrassing or angering other members of the group Groupthink may cause groups to make hasty irrational decisions where individual doubts are set aside for fear of upsetting the group’s balance’ |
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Datalife Engine CMS is a commercial CMS script software developed SoftNews Media Group The development was started in 2004 was based on a CutePHP system – The main language of the system – Russian However there is an English and the Ukrainian localization – In the script also included admin panel that allows you to control various settings of the script – System developers offer AJAX technologies that reduce bandwidth consumption November 18 2020 DLEStarter Team DLEStarter — DLE Team Rating: out of 5 DataLife Engine v110 Final Release |
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Yana was born in Siberia Russia on a freezing December afternoon Growing up there surrounded by endless forests great rivers the clearest of lakes and majestic mountains encouraged her to really appreciate nature feel it and truly love it She could never get used to this beauty As a young kid every time she would see something inspiring she was looking for a way to keep it in her memory That is when a spark for art lit up in her heart Painting and drawing was the best way to capture the moment and share it with others She started to explore different materials and subjects It was the best feeling and from that time it remains this way Moving to America brought her many opportunities that weren’t available before to express herself as an artist Yana is specializing in representational oil painting Her primary subject is Still Life but her work also includes figure portraiture and landscapes She paints mostly from life and the live models Yana regularly participates in exhibitions and competitions where her work has garnered awards Her formal art training is from the Art Students League of NY She is a member of the American Artists Professional League and National Art League Her work can be found in numerous private collections in the US and abroad |
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