Index of references to Washington in Global Information Space with daily updates

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New headings with Washington from Top 1,000,000 websites extracted on 2020-07-29

# Headings H1-H6 Count
Big Tech to tangle with Washington lawmakers in antitrust showdown 11
FedEx asks the Washington Redskins to change their name 7
Welcome to Washington 6
5 Best Resorts in Washington 5
Défense Washington va repositionner 11 900 militaires hors d’Allemagne qui refuse de payer 5
Washington’s Gunnery changes name to The Frederick Gunn School 4
Is this what the new Washington Football Team logo will look like 4
Ask the Expert: Mary Washington Urgent Care 3
Stocks tick higher as Big Tech goes to Washington 3
Washington University St Louis et al 3
La joven barranquillera que cuenta historias de migración en Washington 3
America’s Washington Post Praises President Museveni for Proper Handling of Coronavirus 3
Planet Word is in development now with plans to open in Washington DC 2
Long Live GoGo: The Black Protest Music Of Washington DC 2
New Jersey’s COVID-19 travel advisory expands to include Washington DC 2
DU LỊCH BỜ ĐÔNG MỸ: NEW YORK – PHILADELPHIA – WASHINGTON DC 2
2020 Emmy Nominations reactions: Kerry Washington Lynn Shelton’s family Paul Mescal and more 2
More working families need childcare assistance in Washington 2
100 Years of Housing Cooperatives in Washington DC 1920 – 2020 2
Washington sanctionne le fils aîné de Bachar el-Assad 2
Washington Wizards vs Los Angeles Lakers – 27072020 2
WASHINGTON 2
Cowger launches The Washington Reformer 2
Nashville man unknowingly sells website domain to the newly named Washington Football Team 2
Four Seasons Seattle Review – Inside Seattle Washington’s 5-Star Luxury Urban Oasis 2
Unstacking the Deck: A New Agenda to Tame Corruption in Washington 2
Seattle Washington 2
Washington va repositionner 11 900 militaires hors d’Allemagne 2
Kid Activities ‘Imperfectphil’ Highlight Farmer Appreciation Day In Washington Saturday 2
A Special Story by “SAIFUL ISLAM” Washington DC USA 2
iBiz was selected as a Washington Business Journal 2019 Best Place to Work as a result of a comprehensive survey of our employees to measure qualities such as company leadership career development and growth workplace flexibility culture and diversity Read More 2
Jeff Bezos To Washington: ‘My Dad’s Name Is Miguel He Adopted Me When I Was 4’ 2
Exposition de la dépouille de John Lewis au Capitole américain à Washington 2
6 Beautiful Parks in Washington State 2
Quarterback Jake Constantine a two-time Big Sky champion transfers to Washington State as walk-on 2
Hospital coronavirus data to bypass CDC for Trump administration database in Washington 2
Balas Washington Beijing Tutup Konsulat AS di Chengdu 2
A special story by “SAIFUL ISLAM” Washington DC USA 2
Without additional action experts warn Washington could be in a “Florida-like condition” for COVID-19 spread 2
Washington University School of Medicine 2
Coworking and Office Space In Spring Valley Washington DC 2
As Feds Fail to Act on HEROES Washington’s Budget Crisis Deepens 2
Embassy in Washington 2
Brand New Washington DC Apartments Now Leasing 2
Washington WR Latimer placed on Commissioner’s Exempt List 2
Kerry Washington and Other Nominees React to Their Emmy Nods 2
Late Congressman John Lewis departs Washington for final time 2
Premier Washington Apartments 2
3 former Washington NFL players hit with charges in health care fraud case 2
Lapszemlénk a világból – Washington Post: fájdalmas kompromisszumokat kötöttek jogállamisági kérdésekben az EU vezetői 2
Washington University’s Online Master of Legal Studies 2
‘Fe Marcha por La Justicia’ Atrae Participantes Interreligiosos en Washington Heights 2
Mr Smith Goes to Washington 2
Washington Pavillion 2
Washington Federal Branch Locator 2
MP Jale: Would be wise to reconsider closing of Fiji embassy in Washington 2
New York adds 3 states Washington DC and Puerto Rico to travel advisory 2
The reason behind Washington’s name change was desperation not altruism 2
Toronto Blue Jays vs Washington Nationals – 280720 2
18 Hole Public Golf CourseWashington Township MI 2
Washington amp Oregon Us 1
Special story by “SAIFUL ISLAM” Special Crosspondent Washington DC USA 1
NFIB: 44 Washington Legislators Named Guardians of Small Business 1
Đại học Washington State: Nhiều cơ hội thực tập tại các tập đoàn nổi tiếng 1
BREAKING: Washington Redskins Announce New Name 1
With allies and direct lines to Beijing Washington must do more to keep China’s presence in the region from becoming a threat 1
Washington DC USA 1
Washington falla de la presa el sistema de alerta activado por error manda a la gente ‘running’ para un terreno más alto 1
Pandemic delays dreams of Washington Theater News 1
Bad Saint Washington DC Part I 1
Washington Wizards vs Los Angeles Lakers Stream 1
Washington Redskins legen 1
Best Museums in Washington DC 1
Blue Mountain Washingtons Spies 1
WASHINGTON NATIONALS 1
YoSoyVanessaGuillen: familia de la soldado asesinada pide en Washington una reforma radical del sistema de justicia militar 1
Washington Capitals vs Carolina Hurricanes 1
Carolina vs Washington 1
John Roskelley Piolet d’Or Lifetime Award winner to Run for Washington State Senate 1
Washington Post Settles With Covington Student Nicholas Sandmann Over False Racism Claims 1
REI Systems Named a Washington Post Top Workplace Again for 2020! 1
Taylor Swift reignites public feud with Scooter Braun and Big Machine over her older music – The Washington Post 1
3 more states added to New York coronavirus travel advisory 34 total plus Puerto Rico Washington DC 1
Pennsylvania Delaware and the Washington DC Area Special Education Estate Planning and Disability Law Firm 1
Carolina Hurricanes at Washington Capitals 1
Apresentador da Globo está em coma após ter trombose venosa cerebral filme sobre Lorna Washington ícone do segmento LGBTI 1
May 2000 – October 2006 : Software Engineer at WildTangent 1995 – 2000: Washington State University 1
Community Health Plan of Washington partners with tech firm to connect members with social services 1
Washington Park Medical Clinic 1
REVIEW Trump International Washington: uno de los mejores hoteles de EEUU 1
‘Redskins’ Is Gone But Changing ‘Washington’ Would Be a Much Bigger Job 1
ESPN Sunday Night Baseball: National League East-Leading Washington Nationals to Host New York Mets on August 27 1
Transcript from Live QampA with Jura KonciusWashington Post 1
Do what you love in Port Washington 1
Capable Men of History: George Washington 1
Lecture by Julia M Brennan Founder Caring for Textiles Washington DC USA on Introduction to Textile Conservation on 27th July 2020 at 5 pm via zoom 1
Donaldson steps into historic role with Washington Football Team 1
always a high quality product so easy to brighten someone’s life! James V Washington Crossing PA 1
Punto RAF Washington 1
WASHINGTON NTIONALS LIVE 28/07/20 6:05 PM ET 1
Restore Washington Top Priorities 1
Hard Money Loans for Seattle Tacoma Spokane and All of Washington 1
PIXIES Washington DC concert poster! 1
Three Fun Places to Check Out During a Trip to North Central Washington 1
Some of the greatest movies of all time are about business – Here are the Washington Business Journals 17 Favorites 1
Recession Budgets Left Washington Vulnerable to COVID-19 1
InterContinental THE WILLARD WASHINGTON DC Washington 1
A Top-Ranked Christian University in Washington State 1
WASHINGTON FOOTBALL TEAM BUCCANEERS LEATHER BAND 1
„Washington Post“ findet: Corona macht Europa sogar stärker – dank Merkel 1
WASHINGTON EEUU retirará miles de soldados de Alemania 1
Washington’s Gunnery changes name after 170 years12:06 PM 1
Citrus amp Snow: Commissioner Bryan Desloge kicks off his campaign for NACo 2nd VP in Washington DC 1
2019 World Series Official Rawlings MLB Game Baseball Washington Nationals Cubed 1
Lecture by Julia M Brennan Founder Caring for Textiles Washington DC USA on A Whirlwind Tour of Textile Display and Storage Ideas on 30th July 2020 at 5 pm via zoom 1
Washington’s Football Team Is In Hot Water Again — This Time It’s For Sexual Harassment 1
History Of Washington DC Playing Cards 1
NH-V Among Most Challenging High Schools in Washington Post List 1
Matthew Lesko Success Stories In the Washington Post: 1
Washington will withdraw almost 12 thousand troops from Germany 1
Vashon Island Washington 1
Over 8340 pool projects built in the Maryland Northern VA Washington DC Delaware Region 1
SEATTLE WASHINGTON: 98 Minutes of Riot Footage 1
Lecture by Kaitlyn Munro Conservator Caring for Textiles Washington DC USA on Burn Out: Case Studies in Conserving Printed Textiles on 31st July 2020 at 5 pm via zoom 1
Nueva estrategia antichina de Washington 1
California • Washington • Oregon • Idaho • Montana 1
John R Block Reports from Washington July 23 2020 “Virus Relief Package” 1
Nymbl Systems meets with KY Representative Andy Barr in Washington DC to discuss OampP legislation 1
Read ebook Michael Lane – Lippincott Manual: Washington Manual of Patient Safety and Quality Improvement FB2 TXT PDF 1
Washington’s NFL Team Will Retire Its Logo and Adopt a Temporary New Name 1
The Morning Wire: Keeping you informed on Washington politics policy and political economy 1
Los Pieles Rojas de Washington estrenarán nuevo nombre y logo tras 1
WASHINGTON IN THE The Wildest Most Elusive Spots In Utah amp Washington 1
Down by the lake– Lake Sacajawea a city park in Longview Washington 1
Our Vision: NAMI Washington envisions a world where all people affected by mental illness live healthy fulfilling lives supported by a community that cares 1
Today inWashington History 1
COVID-19 July 24 update: Washington State and Snohomish County 1
LIÊN TUYẾN ĐÔNG – TÂY HOA KỲ : NEW YORK – PHILADELPHIA – WASHINGTON DC – LAS VEGAS – LOS ANGELES 1
Providing Security amp Verification Systems throughout Washington Oregon amp Idaho for Nearly 40 Years 1
The Washington Post – 07292020 1
Missed Connection: Donald Trump Jr and Robert Mueller Cross Paths at Washington Airport 1
In Northwest Washington Builders Alliance is “Decking Central” 1
2013 Mount Vernon Home of George Washington Ornament 1
Now Available! July 27 Washington Insider Issue 1
20th Land and Poverty Conference held in Washington DC 1
Pac-12 China game between Washington Tulane canceled 1
Kirim Dua Group Serang Kapal Induk Washington Nyatakan Klaim Beijing di LCS Ilegal 1
2000 Mount Vernon George Washington Houdon Bust Ornament 1
Washington Area Plumbing Services 1
Washington County Sheriff’s Information 1
Your Voice in Washington 1
Base2 a Belcan Company Recognized as a Best Place to Work in Washington State 1
Pairing Champagne and Food at Washington DC’s Fabulous Blue Duck Tavern 1
Oculus Rift – Architecture Reserve at Washington 1
Vaccine Injury Epidemic VIE Event Washington DC Nov 14 2019 1
People with milder coronavirus cases still report health issues weeks after testing CDC says – The Washington Post 1
Full 2020 Emmy Nominations: Zendaya Kerry Washington Regina King and more 1
2019 Mandela Washington fellowship for young African leaders 1
Find out more about how our Pennsylvania Delaware and Washington DC area attorneys can help you 1
1937 Farms: Family Craft Cannabis Grown Right Here in Washington State 1
Junction Bistro Bar and Bakery Washington DC 1
Quality Washington IL Plumbing Services 1
2020 Affordable Appliance Repair Costs in Washington 1
1789: George Washington Becomes The First US President 1
The Notorious ‘Yellow House’ That Made Washington DC a Slavery 1
Keith Washington 1
Innovative Housing Showcase and Pop Up Village Pulls Up Stakes on Washington DC’s National Mall 1
Attkisson’s full response to Washington Post questions about Media Matters’ blog against hydroxychloroquine 1
NFC Notes: Cowboys Eagles Giants Washington 1
Longtime ‘Voice Of The Washington Redskins’ Larry Michael Leaves Team 1
Miguel Decamps será ministro Sonia Guzmán embajadora en Washington y Mario Lama director SNS 1
Immerse Yourself In The Captivating Canyons of Utah and Majestic Mountains of Washington 1
Lula acusa a Estados Unidos de participar en golpes de Estado en América anuncia que contraatacará con firmeza la ofensiva de Washington 1
Washington DC rent for the last 3 years 1
Preview ! Pria Washington Pengemar Sepak Bola 1
The Trump administration in 2017 scrapped a decade-long plan to reconstruct the facility in the Washington suburbs 1
Residential Electricians in the Washington DC amp Gaithersburg Area 1
Predicting the roster of 53 for Washington 1
Science Quote by George Washington 1
Access Fund: Save Exit 38 Crags at Mount Washington 1
FOR SALE! The Hopkinson House – Combination of two adjacent units to create a deluxe 1 bedroom plus den 2 bathroom with a balcony overlooking Washington Square and the Center City skyline this home has incredible potential 1443 sf 1
YOUmedia at Harold Washington Library 1
Excessive heat warning issued in Washington County 1
11 Interesting facts about the National Gallery of Art Washington DC 1
Washington’un NFL takımı “Redskins” adını bırakıyor 1
First On Friday Washington State Department Of Transportation Releases A Photo Of A Potential Sasquatch Now This Video From A Washington Wildlife Crossing Not Far From Other Setting 1
Washington otorga sentencia condicional de 90 días a Huawei 1
Washington University School of Medicine USA 1
Mysterious seeds are being sent to Washington state residents 1
PHOTOS: Donald Trump hosts Uhuru and Raila in Washington 1
1450 Washington at Hudson Tea 1
Senate’s UFO Inquiry Highlights Washington’s Worries About ‘Doomsday’ Red Wings Through the Eyes of the Night Stalkers 1
China anuncia que contraatacará con firmeza la ofensiva de Washington 1
The free online encyclopedia of Washington state history 1
A Trip Around Whidbey: Circumnavigating the Largest Island in Washington 1
5 N Pekin Rd Woodland Washington 98674 United States 1
– George Orwell 1949 Act of State An – the execution of Martin Luther King – William F Pepper Age of American Unreason The – Susan Jacoby America Challenged – William O Douglas America Right or Wrong – an Anatomy of American Nationalism – Anatol Lieven American Conspiracies – Lies Lies and More Dirty Lies that the Government Tells Us – Jesse Ventura with Dick Russell American Dynasty – Kevin Phillips American Fascists – Christian Right and War on America – Chris Hedges American Holocaust – David Stannard American Police State The – the government against the people – David Wise American Theocracy – radical religion oil and borrowed money in the 21st century – Kevin Phillips America’s Secret Establishment – An Introduction to the Order of Skull and Bones – Antony Sutton Another World Is Possible – Ed Jee Kim Jeremy Glick et al Assassinations The – Probe magazine investigations into the assassinations of John Kennedy Martin Luther King Jr and Robert Kennedy Atheism – The Case Against God – George H Smith Banana Republicans – Rampton and Stauber Best Democracy Money Can Buy The – Greg Palast Broken Promises of America The – at home and abroad past and present – Volumes 1 amp 2 – Douglas Dowd Buried Alive – Walter KarpBurning All Illusions – David Edwards China Study The – The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet Weight Loss and Long-term Health – T Colin Campbell Clash of Fundamentalisms The – Tariq Ali Class Caste amp Hierarchies – the No-Nonsense guide – Jeremy Seabrook Class War in America – Charles M Kelly Cocaine Politics – Peter Dale Scott Common Good – Noam Chomsky Conscience of a Liberal The – Paul Krugman Conservatives Without Conscience – by John Dean Contrary Notions -The Michael Parenti Reader Corruption of American Politics The – Elizabeth Drew Crashing the Party – Ralph Nader Creature from Jekyll Island The – the Federal Reserve – G Edward Griffin Crossing the Rubicon – The Decline of the American Empire at the End of the Age of Oil – Michael Ruppert Dark Ages America – Morris Berman Decline and Fall of the American Empire The – Gore Vidal Defense Against The Psychopath – Stefan H Verstappen Democracy – the No-Nonsense guide – Richard Swift Democratic Facade The Democracy Matters – Cornel West Deterring Democracy – Noam Chomsky Dirty Truths – Michael Parenti Dollars and Votes – Dan Clawson Alan Neustadtl amp Mark Weller DOPE INC – the book that drove Henry Kissinger crazy – Executive Intelligence Review EIR – 1986 amp 1992 Dude where’s my country – Michael Moore Eagle’s Shadow The – Mark Hertzgaard Economic Elite The vs The People of the United States of America – David Degraw Eleanor: The Years Alone – Joseph Lash Eleanor Roosevelt – The Defining Years 1933-1938 – Blanche Wiesen Cooke Elite Consensus The – When Corporations Wield the Constitution – George Draffan POCLAD End of America The – Letter of Warning to a Young Patriot – Naomi Wolf End of Faith The – Religion Terror and the Future of Reason – Sam Harris False Hope – Normon Solomon Farewell To Justice A – Jim Garrison JFK’s assassination and the case that should have changed history – Joan Mellen Final Judgment – missing link in JFK assassination conspiracy – Michael Collins Piper Fixing Elections – Steven Hill Freethinkers – a history of American secularism – Susan Jacoby Gag Rule – Suppression of Dissent amp Stifling of Democracy – Lewis Lapham George H W Bush: The Unauthorized Biography – Webster Griffin Tarpley and Anton Chaitkin Global Economic Crisis The Great Depression of XXI Century – Michel Chossudovsky and Andrew Gavin Marshall Editors God Delusion The – Richard Dawkins God and Religion – Bertrand Russell Gods of Money – Wall Street and the Death of the American Century Great Unraveling The – Paul Krugman Hidden Evil The – The Financial Elite’s Covert War Against the Civilian Population – Mark M Rich Hijacking Catastrophe – ed Sut Jhally and Jeremy Earp Hoax – the difference in world view between the US and everybody else – Nicholas Von Hoffman Hotel America – Lewis Lapham How Democratic is the American Constitution – Robert A Dahl How the Left Can Win Arguments and Influence People – John K Wilson How to Overthrow the Government – Arianna Huffington Imperial America – Gore Vidal In Banks We Trust – money making lending and laundering from boardrooms to back alleys – Penny Lernoux Indispensable Enemies – the politics of misrule in America – Walter Karp Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy The – John J Mearsheimer and Stephen M Walt It Did Happen Here – Bud Schultz amp Ruth Schultz JFK – The CIA Vietnam and the Plot to Assassinate John F Kennedy – L Fletcher Prouty JFK and the Unspeakable – Why He Died and Why It Matters – James W Douglass Last Days of Democracy The – Elliot Cohen and Bruce Fraser LBJ: The Mastermind of JFK’s Assassination – Phillip F Nelson Letter to a Christian Nation – Sam Harris Liberty Under Siege – Walter Karp Man Who Sold the World The – Ronald Reagan and Betrayal of Main Street America – William Kleinknecht Middle Mind The – Why Americans Don’t Think for Themselves – Curtis White Moral Politics – George Lakoff New World Order The – HG Wells originally published 1950 Myth America: Democracy vs Capitalism – William H Boyer Necessary Illusions – Noam Chomsky Nemesis – the Last Days of the American Republic – Chalmers Johnson New American Militarism The – Andrew Bacevich New Pearl Harbor The – David Ray Griffin New Progressive Era The No Mercy – Jean Stefancic amp Richard Delgado On Democracy – Robert Dahl Paradox of American Democracy The – John Judis Philosophic Roots of Modern Ideology The – Liberalism amp Fascism – David Ingersoll amp Richard Matthews Points of Rebellion – William O Douglas Political Fictions – Joan Didion Political Ponerology – a science on the nature of evil adjusted for political purposes – Andrew M Lobaczewski Politics of Meaning The – Michael Lerner Politics of Lying The – David Wise Power Elite The – C Wright Mills Powers That Be The – G William Domhoff Pretensions to Empire – Lewis Lapham Price of Power The – Seymour Hersh Private Power and American Democracy – Grant McConnell Propaganda – The Formation of Men’s Attitudes – Jacques Ellul Propaganda – Edward Bernays 1928 Ralph Nader Reader Report from Iron Mountain On the Possibility and Desirability of Peace Road to 9/11 The – Wealth Empire and the Future of America – Peter Dale Scott Robbing Us Blind – Steve Brouwer Ruling America – a history of wealth and power in a democracy – Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle Secrecy amp Privilege – Rise of the Bush Dynasty – Robert Parry Secrets of the Federal Reserve The – Eustace Mullins Secret Team The – the CIA and its Allies in Control of the United States and the World – L Fletcher Prouty Seeds of Destruction – the Hidden Agenda of Genetic Manipulation – F William Engdahl Selling Out – Mark Green Silencing Political Dissent – Nancy Chang Sociopath Next Door The – The Ruthless Versus the Rest of Us – Martha Stout Static – Government Liars Media Cheerleaders and the People Who Fight Back – Amy Goodman and David Goodman Stupid White Men – Michael Moore Superclass – the Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making – David Rothkopf Superpatriotism – Michael Parenti Taking Back America – edited by Katrina Vanden Heuvel and Robert L Borosage They Dare To Speak Out – People and Institutions Confront Israel’s Lobby – Paul Findley Third Parties in America – Steven Rosenstone Roy Behr Edward Lazarus This Can’t Be Happening- Disintegration of American Democracy – Dave Lindorff Toward an American Revolution – Jerry Fresia Tree of Liberty The – Nicholas Kittrie amp Eldon Wedlock Treasure Islands – Tax Havens and the Men Who Stole the World – Nicholas Shaxson Truman Era The – IF Stone Twight of American Culture The – Morris Berman Twilight of Democracy The – The Bush Plan for America – Jennifer Van Bergen Ultimate Sacrifice – Plan for a Coup in Cuba and the murder of JFK – Lamar Waldron with Thom Hartmann USA – Rights for All – Amnesty International Voices of a People’s History of the United States – H Zinn/A Arnove Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler – Anthony Sutton Wall Street and FDR – Antony Sutton War at Home The – Domestic Costs of Bush’s Militarism – Frances Fox Piven War Is A Force That Gives Us Meaning – Chris Hedges Washington on 10 million a Day – Ken Silverstein Wealth and Democracy – Kevin Phillips Web of Debt – The Shocking Truth About Our Money System – Ellen Hodgson Brown What’s the Matter with Kansas – Thomas Frank Who Killed JFK – Carl Olgesby Who Killed Martin Luther King – Phillip Melanson Who Killed Robert Kennedy – Phillip Melanson Who Rules America Now – G William Domhoff Why Americans Don’t Vote – Francis Fox Piven amp Richard Cloward Why I Am Not a Christian – Bertrand Russell World Without Cancer – G Edward Griffin 1
WASHINGTON LUIZ 1
Come learn about Apps Script in Washington DC 1
Sigue a Los hilos de Washington 1
Lebanon’s economic crisis worsens amid shortages currency collapse • The Washington Post 1
WASHINGTON STATE Wire 1
Act of State An – the execution of Martin Luther King – William F Pepper American Axis The – Henry Ford Charles Lindbergh and Rise of Third Reich – Max Wallace American Conspiracies – Lies Lies and More Dirty Lies that the Government Tells Us – Jesse Ventura with Dick Russell Anatomy of Fascism – Robert O Paxton Blowback – Christopher Simpson Fascism- a very short introduction – Kevin Passmore Fascism – Past Present and Future – W Laqueur Friendly Fascism – Bertram Gross It Did Happen Here – Bud Schultz amp Ruth Schultz Splendid Blond Beast The – Christopher Simpson Trading with the Enemy – Charles Higham Washington Connection amp Third World Fascism – Chomsky/Herman Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler – Anthony Sutton 1
Why Professional Pest Control For Your Washington DC Property Is A Great Idea 1
Washington Spirit 1
FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12thQ65 Which among the following was/were the observations of Portuguese traveler Barbosa 1 Architecture of tombs amp Mosques resembles of the mandapas found in the temples of Hampi2 Houses of the people were thatched but nonetheless well built and arranged according to occupationsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 7thQ64 With reference to the Banjaras what was Tanda A Caravan B HorseC Raw materialD Food grainAns AThese Banjaras carry their household – wives and children – along with them One tanda consists of many familiesFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ63 With reference to the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA consider the following statements :1 It is an intergovernmental organization to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy2 It was founded in 20093 India is one of the 33 Permanent members of IRENASelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2 amp 3B 1 amp 2C 1 amp 3D 123AnsDFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12th Q62 During the Akbar court what was akhbarat A It contained all kinds of information such as attendance at the court grant of offices and titlesB It is the recording of all the proceedings in the curtC It is a room for all the private discussions with the officials D None of the above Ans AFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ61 Consider the following statements regarding the features of the World Bank:1 The Board of Governors is the Supreme body2 The voting power of the governor of a member country is related to the financial contribution of the country concerned3 It gives short-term loan to its members to correct their temporary balance of payments disequilibriumSelect the correct answer using the code given below:A 1 onlyB 12 amp 3C 1 amp 2 onlyD 2 amp 3 onlyAns CThe World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD and the International Development Association IDA The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group and a member of the United Nations Development GroupThe World Bank’s official goal is the reduction of poverty According to its Articles of Agreement all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign investment and international trade and to the facilitation of capital InvestmentThe World Bank is not to be confused with the United Nations World Bank Group a member of the United Nations Economic and Social Council and a family of five international organizations that make leveraged loans to poor countries: • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD• International Development Association IDA• International Finance Corporation IFC• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MIGA• International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSIDFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ60 With reference to the Central Board of Film Certification consider the following statements :1 It is a non- statutory body under the aegis of Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting2 Non-official members amp Chairman are appointed by Central Government recommended by Prime Minister of IndiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt is a statutory body under the aegis of Union Ministry of Information and BroadcastingLocation : MumbaiNon-official members amp Chairman are appointed by Union Government Its function is to regulate the public exhibition of films in India under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952 by granting them certificate under 4 categories They are U: Unrestricted Public Exhibition UA: Unrestricted Public Exhibition- but with a word of caution that Parental discretion required for children below 12 years A: Restricted to adults S: Restricted to any special class of personsFilm Certification Appellate Tribunal FCAT : Located in Delhi It hears the appeals filed as per provisions of Cinematograph Act Any applicant can file an appeal before the tribunal for a certificate in respect of a film who is aggrieved by an order of the Central Board of Film Certification CBFCFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ59 Which among the following are included in the African Union 1 Morocco2 France3 Portugal4 United kingdomSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A 134B 234C 123D 1234Ans BThe African Union AU is a continental union consisting of 54 countries in Africa The only African state that is not a member is Morocco due to the status of the Western Sahara although Burkina Faso and the Central African Republic have had their memberships suspended due to the recent coup d’état and ongoing civil war respectively The AU was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa with the aim of replacing the Organisation of African UnityOAUThe objectives of the AU are:1 To achieve greater unity and solidarity between the African countries and Africans2 To defend the sovereignty territorial integrity and independence of its Member States3 To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent4 To promote and defend African common positions on issues of interest to the continent and its peoples5 To encourage international cooperation taking due account of the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights6 To promote peace security and stability on the continent7 To promote democratic principles and institutions popular participation and good governance8 To promote and protect human and peoples’ rights in accordance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rightsand other relevant human rights instruments9 To establish the necessary conditions which enable the continent to play its rightful role in the global economy and in international negotiations10 To promote sustainable development at the economic social and cultural levels as well as the integration of African economies11 To promote co-operation in all fields of human activity to raise the living standards of African peoples12 To coordinate and harmonize the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union13 To advance the development of the continent by promoting research in all fields in particular in science and technology14 To work with relevant international partners in the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health on the continentFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ58 With reference to the International Monetary Fund consider the following statements :1 India’s voting right in IMF has been increased from 23 to 26 2 Doubling of quotas depicts share of European amp Gulf countries has been increased Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ADoubling of quotas depicts share of European amp Gulf countries has been decreasedChina will have the 3rd largest IMF quota and voting share after the US and Japan While India Russia and Brazil will also be among the top 10 members of the IMFCurrently US Japan France Germany Italy United Kingdom Canada and Saudi Arabia are among the top ten members of the IMF While the member countries with the 5 largest quotas appoint an Executive DirectorFRAMED FROM LAXMIKANTQ57 With reference to the committee on Privileges consider the following statements :1 It is semi judicial in nature2 It does not have any member from Rajya Sabha3 It examines the cases of breach of privileges amp recommends appropriate actionWhich among the above are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns AThe Lok Sabha committee has 15 members while the Rajya Sabha committee has 10 membersFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ56 Which of the following is a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime A India B ChinaC USAD LuxembourgAns BThe Missile Technology Control Regime MTCR is a multilateral export control regime It is an informal and voluntary partnership among 35 countries to prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial vehicle technology capable of carrying above 500 kg payload for more than 300 kmThe Missile Technology Control Regime MTCR established in April 1987 by the G7 countries: Canada France Germany Italy Japan Great Britain and the United States of America The People’s Republic of China is not a member of the MTCR but has agreed to abide by the original 1987 Guidelines and Annex but not the subsequent revisions Israel Romania and Slovakia have also agreed to voluntarily follow MTCR export rules even though not yet membersIn 2002 the MTCR was supplemented by the International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation ICOC also known as the Hague Code of Conduct which calls for restraint and care in the proliferation of ballistic missile systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction and has 119 members thus working parallel to the MTCR with less specific restrictions but with a greater membershipIndia formally applied for membership to the group in June 2015 with active support from France and the United States and officially became a member on 27 June 2016 with the consensus of the 34 member nationsFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ55 Under IUCN category Dhole is classified as :A EndangeredB ExtinctC VulnerableD None of the aboveAns AThe dhole is a canid native to Central South and Southeast Asia Other English names for the species include Asiatic wild dog Indian wild dog whistling dog red wolf red dog and mountain wolfFRAMED FROM LAXMIKANTQ54 With reference to the committee on Privileges consider the following statements :1 It is semi judicial in nature2 It does not have any member from Rajya Sabha3 It examines the cases of breach of privileges amp recommends appropriate actionWhich among the above are correct A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1 amp 2D All are correctAns AThe Lok Sabha committee has 15 members while the Rajya Sabha committee has 10 members FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q53 Which among the following were the observations of Ibn Batuta 1 Two kinds of plant ie Coconut amp Palm were completely unfamiliar to his audience2 Ibn Battuta found cities in the subcontinent full of exciting opportunities3 Most cities had crowded streets and bright and colourful markets that were stacked with a wide variety of goods4 Most bazaars had a mosque and a temple and in some of them at least spaces were marked for public performances by dancers musicians and singersWhich among the above is/are correct A Only 3B 134C 2 amp 3D 1234Ans DIbn Battuta found Indian agriculture very productive because of the fertility of the soil which allowed farmers to cultivate two crops a year He also noted that the subcontinent was well integrated with inter-Asian networks of trade and commerce with Indian manufactures being in great demand in both West Asia and Southeast Asia fetching huge profits for artisans and merchants Indian textiles particularly cotton cloth fine muslins silks brocade and satin were in great demand Ibn Battuta informs us that certain varieties of fine muslin were so expensive that they could be worn only by the nobles and the very richAlmost all trade routes were well supplied with inns and guest housesThe postal system was so efficient that while it took fifty days to reach Delhi from Sind the news reports of spies would reach the Sultan through the postal system in just five daysUluq was known as Horse post Foot post has three stations per mile ie called as dawa FRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q52 With reference to the Mughal court What was Kornish A It was a form of ceremonial salutationB It was old residential city of DelhiC It is a dance performed by men amp women in a court D None of the above Ans AKornish was a form of ceremonial salutation in which the courtier placed the palm of his right hand against his forehead and bent his head It suggested that the subject placed his head – the seat of the senses and the mind – into the hand of humility presenting it to the royal assemblyChahar taslim is a mode of salutation which begins with placing the back of the righthand on the ground and raising it gently till the person stands erect when he puts thepalm of his hand upon the crown of his head It is done four chahar times Taslim literally means submissionFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q51 With reference to the ancient period consider the following :1 Moors – Muslim Merchants 2 Devadasis – Temple dancers3 Hundi – Note recording a depositSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM NCERT HISTORY CLASS 12th Q50 With reference to the ancient period which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 Hatta – Market Streets2 Manigramam and Nanadesi – Taxes3 Kaikkolars – WeaversSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans BManigramam and Nanadesi- There were several such guilds in south India from the eighthWeavers such as the Saliyar or KaikkolarsFROM UPSC PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONQ49 Consider the following :1 Acesulfame potassium2 Polyethylene glycol3 Saccharin4 SucraloseWhich of the above are used as sugar substitutes in foodsA 1 amp 2B 234C 134D 1234Ans CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ48 Which of the following is not an ASEAN member A CambodiaB ChinaC LaosD VietnamAns BThe Association of South East Asian Nations Asean is a 10-member international body that represents more than 500 million people living in the region Set up in 1967 in Bangkok by Thailand Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines and Singapore it has since been joined by Brunei Laos Vietnam Myanmar and CambodiaThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN was formed in 1967 by Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines Singapore and Thailand to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stabilityFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ47 With reference to the International Renewable Energy Agency consider the following statements :1 It is the governing body which is responsible for implementing various decisions of assembly2 India is the founding member of IRENASelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ46 Union Information and Broadcasting Minister launched Vivid Bharti ServiceWith reference to the Vivid Bharti consider the following statements :1 It is available on below 100 Megahertz MHz frequency2 It is a service of All India Radio AIRSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BIt is available on below 1028 Megahertz MHz frequencyFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ45 Who among the following are the members of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 1 China2 Kyrgyzstan3 Kazakhstan4 Russia5 Tajikistan6 UzbekistanWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 123B 23456C 12356D All are correctAns DSince 2005 India was having an Observer status of SCO and had applied for full membership in 2014FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ44 Which among the following have the observer status in shanghai Cooperation 1 Mongolia2 Iran 3 Pakistan4 IndiaWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 134B 234C Only 4D All are correctAns DIt was established in 2001 amp it comprises China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan UzbekistanFRAMED FROM NCERT CIVICSQ43 Consider the following statements regarding ‘zero hour’ in the Lok Sabha / Rajya Sabha1 This term does not find any mention in the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Constitution of India2 A number of members raise their matters of urgent public importance at 12:00 noon in the House which has been termed as zero hour3 Proceedings of zero hour are not recorded in the House4 A written reply is given to the member by a concerned Minister for the matter raised during zero hourSelect the correct answer from the code given below:A 1 amp 2B 3 amp 4C 2 onlyD 1 amp 4AnsAQuestion Hour: The first hour of every sitting of Parliament is generally reserved for the asking and answering of questionsZero Hour: The time immediately following the Question Hour has come to be known as Zero Hour It starts at around 12 noon hence the name and members can with prior notice to the Speaker raise issues of importance during this time Typically discussions on important Bills the Budget and other issues of national importance take place from 2pm onwardsFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ42 Who among the following are the members of SAARC 1 Bhutan2 Bangladesh3 Myanmar4 Pakistan5 Sri LankaSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A 1245B 1 amp 5C 234D 12345Ans AThe South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC is regional intergovernmental organization and geopoliticalunion in South Asia Its member states include Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal the Maldives Pakistan and Sri Lanka SAARC compromises 3 of the world’s area 21 of the world’s population and 912 of the global economy as of 2015SAARC was founded in Dhaka in 1985 Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu The organization promotes development economics and regional integration It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006 SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the UN as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities including the EU However the organization continues to face many challenges Disputes between nuclear rivals India and Pakistan have often clouded the union’s potential and progressFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ41 Who among the following are the members of the Washington Accord 1 India2 China3 Malaysia4 South AfricaWhich among the above is/are correct A 134B Only 1 amp 2C Only 3D 1234Ans D The Washington Accord is an international accreditation agreement for professional engineering academic degrees between the bodies responsible for accreditation in its signatory countries The Washington Accord covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach Engineering technology and postgraduate programs are not covered by the accord although some engineering technology programs are covered under the Sydney Accord and the Dublin Accord Only qualifications awarded after the signatory country or region became part of the Washington Accord are recognized The accord is not directly responsible for the licensing of Professional Engineers and the registration of Chartered Engineers but it does cover the academic requirements that are part of the licensing processes in signatory countriesIndia became the permanent member of the Washington AccordIt is an esteemed international treaty on engineering studies and mobility of engineers across signatory countries including the US the UK and Australia signatories are: Australia Canada Chinese Taipei Hong Kong China India Ireland Japan Korea Malaysia New Zealand Russia Singapore South Africa Turkey the United Kingdom and the United StatesThe treaty covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach The accord doesn’t take into account engineering technology and postgraduate programsQUESTION LIFTED FROM PRATIYOGITA DARPANQ40 Which of the following is a Decentralised Autonomous Organisation A Venture Capital fundB Trade association C Market regulator D Financial regulator Ans AIt is an organization that is run through rules encoded as computer programs called smart contracts A DAO’s financial transaction record and program rules are maintained on a blockchain There are several examples of this business model The precise legal status of this type of business organization is unclearFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ39 In context with the The Saint Helena Act 1833 or The Government of India Act 1833 consider the following statements:1 It redesignated the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India2 It ended the activities of the Company as a commercial body and became a purely administrative body3 It attempted to introduce a system of open competitions for the selection of civil servantsSelect the correct statements from the given codes :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DAs this Act was also meant for an extension of the royal charter granted to the company it is also called the Charter Act of 1833 Even this extended the charter by 20 years It contained the following provisions:• It redesignated the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India Under this provision Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India• It deprived the Governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers The Governor-General was given exclusive legislative powers for the whole of British India• It ended the activities of the Company as a commercial body and became a purely administrative body In particular the Company lost its monopoly on trade with China and other parts of the Far East• It attempted to introduce a system of open competitions for the selection of civil servants However this provision was negated after opposition from the Court of Directors who continued to hold the privilege of appointing Company officials• The island of Saint Helena was vested in His MajestyFRAMED FROM Indian History-Mansi PublicationsQ38 What constituted the crux of the Drain theory highlighted by the Dada Bhai Naoroji A Abuse of trade practices by the merchants of the ruling race B Ill-gotten money taken from the princely rulers amp remitted to EnglandC Unrequited exports from IndiaD Gluttish from Indian markets with british manufactured goods Ans CDadabhai Naoroji’s work focused on the drain of wealth from India into England through colonial rule One of the reasons that the Drain theory is attributed to Naoroji is his decision to estimate the net national profit of India and by extension the effect that colonisation has on the country Through his work with economics Naoroji sought to prove that Britain was draining money out of India Naoroji described 6 factors which resulted in the external drain -Firstly India is governed by a foreign government -Secondly India does not attract immigrants which bring labour and capital for economic growth -Thirdly India pays for Britain’s civil administrations and occupational army -Fourthly India bears the burden of empire building in and out of its borders -Fifthly opening the country to free trade was actually a way to exploit India by offering highly paid jobs to foreign personnel -Lastly the principal income-earners would buy outside of India or leave with the money as they were mostly foreign personnel In Naoroji’s book ‘Poverty’ he estimated a 200–300 million pounds loss of revenue to Britain that is not returned Naoroji described this as vampirism with money being a metaphor for blood which humanised India and attempted to show Britain’s actions as monstrous in an attempt to garner sympathy for the nationalist movement When referring to the Drain Naoroji stated that he believed some tribute was necessary as payment for the services that England brought to India such as the railways However the money from these services were being drained out of India for instance the money being earned by the railways did not belong to India which supported his assessment that India was giving too much to Britain FRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ37 Who among the following are the members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association 1 India2 Australia3 Indonesia4 MalaysiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B 234C 123D 1234Ans DThe objectives of IORA are as follows : 1 To promote sustainable growth and balanced development of the region and member states2 To focus on those areas of economic cooperation which provide maximum opportunities for development shared interest and mutual benefits3 To promote liberalisation remove impediments and lower barriers towards a freer and enhanced flow of goods services investment and technology within the Indian Ocean rimFRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q36 With reference to the Mohiniyatam dance consider the following statements :1 It involves the swaying of broad hips and the gentle movements of erect posture from side to side2 The dance follows the classical text of Hastha Lakshanadeepika which has elaborate description of expressions by the hand palm and fingers3 It is performed to this accompaniment by the subtle gestures and footwork of the danseuse4 It involves the eyes in a very coy sensual manner to enchant the mind without enticing the sensesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 234C 123D All are correctAns DFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ35 With reference to the Imperial Officials of Mughal court consider the following :1 Diwan-i-ala – Finance minister2 Tainat-i-Rakab – Court3 sadr-us sudur – Minsiter of grants Select the correct answer using the codes given below:A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 123D Only 2Ans CFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ34 Which among the following are the duties of the additional solicitor general 1 Represents the Union Government in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court under Article 143 Advisory Jurisdiction of the Constitution2 Appear whenever required in the Supreme Court or in any High Court on behalf of the Union Government3 Discharge other functions that are conferred on a Law Officer by the Constitution or any other Law for the time being in forceWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DFRAMED FROM WIKEPEDIAQ33 Biopiracy describes a practice in which indigenous knowledge of nature originating with indigenous peoples is used by others for profit without permissionWhich among the following comes under the Biopiracy 1 Rosy periwinkle2 Neem tree3 Basmati rice4 Enola beanWhich among the above is/are correct A 134B 234C Only 2 amp 3D All are correctAns DFRAMED FROM NCERT CLASS 12thQ32 With reference to the Burials of Harappan culture consider the following statements :1 At burials in Harappan sites the dead were generally laid in pits amp the hollowed-out spaces were lined with bricks2 Jewellery has been found in burials of both men and women3 Ornament consisting of three shell rings a jasper a kind of semi-precious stone bead and hundreds of micro beads was found near the skull of menSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DExtra important point :Faience a material made of ground sand or silica mixed with colour and a gum and then firedMaterials used to make beads is remarkable: stones like carnelian of a beautiful red colour jasper crystal quartz and steatite metals like copper bronze and gold and shell faience andterracotta or burnt clayFRAMED FROM WIKEPDIAQ31 Which among the following is the oldest international financial institution 1 Bank for International Settlement 2 International Monetary Fund3 International Bank for Reconstruction amp Development 4 International Trade OrganisationWhich among the above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 134D Only 3Ans B 1
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COPYRIGHT Q539 TO 545 WILL BE UPLOADED ON 19TH JULY 2020 COPYRIGHT Q538 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q For which conference of Parties “Time for Action” Tagline has been given A COP 23B COP 24C COP 25D COP 26Ans CCOP 25 Tagline: Time for ActionNo decision on long-term climate financeThe parties also failed to decide on long-term climate finance which is the financial support given to the developing countries by the developed countries to fight against climate change This was agreed upon in the Paris climate agreement 2020 Climate talksThe next UN Climate talks will be held in Glasgow Scotland COPYRIGHT Q537 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Why the launch of RISAT-2BR1 marked major milestones for ISRO 1 This was the 50th flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV2 It was also the 75th Launch Vehicle Mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CRISAT2-BR1 is the second satellite in the RISAT-2B series and is expected to be followed by two more satellitesRISAT2-BR1• RISAT2-BR1 is the second satellite in the RISAT-2B series and is expected to be followed by two more satellites• The satellite with a mission life of five years follows the successful launch of RISAT-2B in May 2019• RISAT2-BR1 weighs about 628 kg and it would be used in various fields such as forestry agriculture and disaster management support• The current domestic remote sensing satellite is not equipped to capture images of the earth during cloud cover and hence India had to rely on the images provided by Canadian satellites to obtain information regarding the sameISRO’s major milestones:The launch of RISAT-2BR1 marked major milestones for ISRO such as:1 This was the 50th flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV and the second flight of PSLV-QL2 It was also the 75th Launch Vehicle Mission from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh COPYRIGHT Q536 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the Citizenship Amendment Bill-2019 consider the following statements :1 The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 covers only 6 communities2 As per the bill it is compulsory to reside in India for 6 years to get Indian citizenshipSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ACitizenship Amendment Bill-2019 :1 The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 CAB will be granted citizenship of India to Hindu Christian Sikh Parsi Jain and Buddhist people who have fled from Pakistan Afghanistan and Bangladesh due to the religious persecution2 Such illegal migrants who have entered India by 31 December 2014 will be able to apply for Indian citizenship3 Right now it is compulsory to reside in India for 11 years to get Indian citizenship The new bill reduces the residency limit to six years4 The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 covers 6 communities – Hindu Jain Sikh Parsi Buddhist and Christian migrants5 It has also been arranged that any legal action already taken against such people for s displacement or illegal migration will not affect his eligibility for permanent citizenship6 If the OCI cardholders violate the conditions the center will have the right to cancel their card7 This bill was introduced in Lok Sabha in 2016 It was passed in Lok Sabha this year but stuck in the Rajya Sabha8 The Citizenship Amendment Bill was passed to amend the Citizenship Act 19559 It has been decided to give citizenship to people of other religions except Muslims in the new bill The Opposition is taking up this matter and saying it a biased bill10 The Ministry of Home Affairs has empowered the concerned authorities in Chhattisgarh Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh and Delhi to provide citizenship and natural certificates to migrants under sections 5 and 6 of the Citizenship Act 1955 COPYRIGHT Q535 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ With reference to the cultural history of India what is Tarangam A It is the sequence of kathak dance exhibiting elegant amp slow movements of eyebrows neck amp wristB Kuchipudi dance is usually concluded with the Tarangam in which the dancer performs on the top of the brass plate C Bharatnatyam dance ends with it in which certain words or syllables are used in a very fast manner D It is a dance form of Mohiniyattam in a beautiful feminine style with surging flow of body movementsAns BKuchipudi dance is usually concluded with the Tarangam in which the dancer performs on the top of thebrass plate COPYRIGHT Q534 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ Nagabandha mudra is associated with which of the following classical dance A Kuchipudi B KathakC ManipuriD KathakaliAns CNagabandha mudra is performed using both the hands COPYRIGHT Q533 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ With reference to the Kathakali consider the following statements :1 It covers every part of the body from facial muscles to fingers eyes hands amp wrists2 Movements of the eyebrows eye balls amp lower eye lids are not used to an extent Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CKathakali :It covers every part of the body from facial muscles to fingers eyes hands amp wristsMovements of the eyebrows eye balls amp lower eye lids are not used to an extent COPYRIGHT Q532 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ With reference to the cultural history of India the terms “Alarippu” “Tillana” “Mangalam” are associated with which of the following classical dance A BharatnatyamB KathakaliC KuchipudiDKathakAns AAlarippu” “Tillana” “Mangalam” are associated with Bharatnatyam COPYRIGHT Q531 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ With reference to the cultural history Aharya Abhinaya is associated with which of the following A It is related to the expression that is carried out through the speechB Ornamentation comes under this category C It is related to the physical movements of the bodyD It is the involuntary movement such as breaking of voice tearetcAnsBAharya Abhinaya : Ornamentation comes under this category Angika Abhinaya : It is related to the physical movements of the bodyVachika Abhinaya : It is related to the expression that is carried out through the speechSatvika Abginaya : It is the involuntary movement such as breaking of voice tearetc COPYRIGHT Q530 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ Which one of the following Persian merchant introduced Administrative units to increase the control of Sultan over the nobles amp provinces A Muhammad GawanB Nicolo de contiC Abdur RazzaqD Domingo PaesAns AMuhammad Gawan : introduced Administrative units called “Tarafs” to increase the control of Sultan over the nobles amp provinces COPYRIGHT Q529 – FRAMED FROM Ram Sharan Sharma-India’s Ancient PastQ What was Kathi during the Maratha administration A These were the taxes collected not only in the Marartha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the mughal empireB It was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas C It was an additional levy of one tenth on those lands over which the Marathas claimed herediatary rights D It was the yard stick for measuring the land Ans DKathi : It was the yard stick for measuring the land introduced by Malik AmbarChauth amp Sardeshmukhi : These were the taxes collected not only in the Marartha kingdom but in the neighbouring territories of the mughal empireChauth : It was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the MarathasSardeshmukhi : It was an additional levy of one tenth on those lands over which the Marathas claimed herediatary rights COPYRIGHT Q528 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Libra cryptocurrency consider the following statements :1 The Libra reserve will include bank deposits and government bonds in several international currencies2 Demand or scarcity are the driving factors of the Libra currencySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AWhat is the difference between Bitcoin and Libra cryptocurrencyThough popular Bitcoin cryptocurrency has been known to be volatile especially in recent years Unlike Bitcoin Libra will be backed by a reserve of real assets meaning that the value of the currency will be linked to something with intrinsic value rather than driven by demand or scarcity The Libra reserve will include bank deposits and government bonds in several international currencies The reserve will be administered by a non-profit associated headquartered in Geneva SwitzerlandWhat is Libra CryptocurrencyThe Libra cryptocurrency is a digital currency built on a blockchain designed with security in mind It will be stored in a digital wallet called ‘Calibra’ which will be available as an app as well as within Facebook Messenger and whatsapp as an integrated payments system This will enable users to send and receive money through messagesWill the Libra cryptocurrency work offline as wellFacebook aims for Libra to be used for offline payments as well including for public transport buying groceries or paying bills Facebook also plans to make its cryptocurrency available for exchange from traditional currency through physical ATM machinesWho will be able to access the Libra cryptocurrencyThe Libra cryptocurrency will be accessible to anyone with an entry-level smartphone and data connectivity Who will manage the Libra cryptocurrency project Facebook will not be governing the services of the Libra cryptocurrency The social media giant has created an independent organisation called the Libra Association which will build applications related to the new digital currencyWhere is Bitcoin legal and illegalIntroduced in 2009 Bitcoin cryptocurrency is popularly used for transactions in many nations across the world including the United States European Union Canada and Australia However the cryptocurrency is considered illegal in many nations such as China Russia Vietnam and Bolivia COPYRIGHT Q527 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements :“ New Horizon Mission helps in :1 Understanding the formation of the Plutonian system and the transformation of the early Solar System2 Predicting the onset of monsoons3 Monitoring the pollution of the coastal ecosystemsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3 D Only 1 Ans DAbout New Horizons• The New Horizons spacecraft is now 41 billion miles 66 billion kilometers from Earth operating normally and speeding deeper into the Kuiper Belt at nearly 33000 miles 53000 kilometers per hour• New Horizons launched on January 19 2006 and conducted a six-month-long reconnaissance flyby study of Pluto and its moons in summer 2015• The goal of the mission is to understand the formation of the Plutonian system the Kuiper belt and the transformation of the early Solar System COPYRIGHT Q526 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Rudraksh tree consider the following statements :1 It is a large evergreen tree that has broad-leaves whose seed is traditionally used for prayer beads in Hinduism and Buddhism2 It is mainly found in Western Ghats of Karnataka amp KeralaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AMoU for Plantation of Rudraksh Trees CTBTO Offers India Observer Status – Current AffairsProject aims at planting 10000 Rudraksh trees in the Ganga Basin area in Uttarakhand in association with the local community• Project aims at planting 10000 Rudraksh trees in the Ganga Basin area in Uttarakhand in association with the local communityAbout Rudraksh Tree:•Elaeocarpus ganitrus or Rudraksh Tree is a large evergreen treeIt has broad-leaves whose seed is traditionally used for prayer beads in Hinduism and Buddhism•Rudraksh tree develops the fruit in three to four years It is mainly found in Gangetic plain foothills of Himalyas Nepal Indonesia etc COPYRIGHT Q525 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Among the following which was frequently mentioned in the news for the declaration of climate emergency recentlyA IrelandB ScotlandC New WalesD NetherlandsAns AIreland declares climate emergency UN appoints actress Dia Mirza as SDG advocate- Current AffairsThe British Parliament became the world’s first to declare a climate emergency by passing the largely symbolic motion on May 1Climate Emergency: What does it meanThe declaration of the emergency is a call for governments across the world to change their behavior towards the climate and biodiversity in profound ways on a sustained basisIt also involves drastic cut down of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 COPYRIGHT Q524 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term DART sometimes seen in news A It is an electronic warfare that has the objective to disable enemy’s electronic devices amp maintain effective functioning of a nation’s own electronic systemB A mini satellite launched by ISRO for promoting distance education in IndiaC It is a planned space probe that will demonstrate the kinetic effects of crashing an impact spacecraft into an asteroid moon for planetary defence purposesD None of the aboveAns CDouble Asteroid Redirection Test DART•Double Asteroid Redirection Test DART is a planned space probe that will demonstrate the kinetic effects of crashing an impact spacecraft into an asteroid moon for planetary defence purposes •The mission is intended to test whether a spacecraft impact could successfully deflect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth COPYRIGHT Q523 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Recently our scientists have discovered a huge area that is reported to host microorganisms which are ready to remove all the nitrogen from the water but traces of oxygen stop them from doing so Where it has been discovered A Bay of BengalB Arabian seaC Indian OceanD Andaman amp Nicobar IslandsAns AHuge dead zone discovered in the Bay of BengalResearchers have discovered a huge area covering about 60000 square km that has little or no oxygen in the Bay of Bengal The zone is reported to host microorganisms which are ready to remove all the nitrogen from the water but traces of oxygen stop them from doing soAbout Dead zones• Dead zones are large areas in the ocean that have low oxygen concentration• The marine life in these areas mostly suffocates and dies or if they are mobile like the fish then they leave the area• Though at many times dead zones occur naturally scientists are also of the opinion that they are created due to increased human activity• The main cause of the zones created by humans is nutrient pollution Excess nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus can result in the overgrowth of algae which later decomposes in the water consuming excess oxygen depleting the supply available for the marine lifeDead zones can be found in virtually every oceanic body the largest encompassing almost the whole bottom of the Baltic Sea Another large dead zone is located in the Gulf of Mexico Other dead zones occur off the western coastsof North and South America and off the coast of Namibia and western coast of IndiaGlobal warming triggered by climate change is predicted to lead to an expansion of these dead zones However it is not certain whether the climate change would lead to the removal of the last traces of oxygen from the bay as well COPYRIGHT Q522 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following is not the member state of the MERCOSUR A ArgentinaB BrazilC New ZealandD ParaguayAns CSouth America’s Trade Bloc Mercosur removes Venezuela for failure to follow rulesMercosur’s member states in a letter addressed to Venezuela’s Foreign Minister Delcy Rodriguez stated that the “oil-rich country had been stripped of membership rights immediately and that it will be required to renegotiate its membership”About Mercosur• Mercosur is a sub-regional bloc• Its full members are Argentina Brazil Paraguay and Uruguay• Its associate countries are Bolivia Chile Peru Colombia Ecuador and Suriname while the observer countries are New Zealand and Mexico• The purpose of the bloc is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods people and currency• The official languages of the bloc are Spanish Portuguese and Guarani• The motto of the bloc is Our North is the South COPYRIGHT Q521 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ China launches TanSat satellite to monitor global carbon emissions With reference to the Tansat Satellite consider the following statements :1 The satellite was sent into a sun synchronous orbit about 700 kms above the earth2 It has a very good vision and can distinguish as small as 1 percent changes in atmospheric CO2Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrect Ans CChina launches TanSat satellite to monitor global carbon emissionsThe Satellite weighs around 620-kg and it will be located in sun synchronous orbit about 700 kms above the earth while serving three-year mission lifeHighlights of the TanSat satellite• The chief designer of TanSat is Yin Zengshan who works at the Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS• The satellite was sent into a sun synchronous orbit about 700 kms above the earth• It will monitor the concentration distribution and flow of carbon dioxide CO2 in the atmosphere• It has a very good vision and can distinguish as small as 1 percent changes in atmospheric CO2• It will help understanding the climate change and will provide China’s policy makers with independentdata COPYRIGHT Q520 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQWhich of the following statements best describes “carbon Disclosure Project 2019”A An initiative of the Global Reporting aimed at measuring the carbon reduction activities undertaken by different companies and firms operating in various countries across the globeB It has been launched by the government of India to reduce the black carbon through the promotion of solar plants lamps biogas plants amp efficient stovesC It has been launched by the environmentalist group to reduce mega tones of greenhouse gases from the atmosphereD It has been launched by the government of India aimed to increase the plant growth by reducing the most potent greenhouse gasesAns AIndia ranks 5th in Carbon Disclosure Project 2019India is the first developing economy with maximum number of companies committing to the science-based targetsCarbon Disclosure Project an initiative of the Global Reporting Initiative is aimed at measuring the carbon reduction activities undertaken by different companies and firms operating in various countries across the globe The report surveys corporate commitments to science-based targets SBT and evaluates the climate change risk that they are exposed to In the annual report the United States of America secured the top spot followed by Japan United Kindom and France India secured the 5th spot on the project report COPYRIGHT Q519 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Global Democracy Index is released by :A World Social ForumB Economist Intelligence UnitC World Economic ForumD World Justice ReportAns BEIU’s Global Democracy Index: India slips 10 spots to 51st rank Norway tops the listThe Economist Intelligence Unit EIU releases an annual index of 167 independent countries which broadly shows the status of democracy in these countries COPYRIGHT Q518 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Teaser Loans consider the following statements :1 It is an adjustable interest rate mortgage loan in which borrower pays a very low initial interest rate which increases after a few years 2 In India Teaser loans are mostly given to the inexperienced entrepreneurs to set up manufacturing or exports unitSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correct D Both are incorrectAns ATeaser Loans It is an adjustable interest rate mortgage loan in which borrower pays a very low initial interest rate which increases after a few years COPYRIGHT Q517 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Monetary Transmission consider the following statements :1 It refers to the process by which a central bank’s monetary policy decisions are passed on to the financial markets2 Rising Non performing Assets amp higher returns on small saving schemes may hinder effective monetary transmission3 Lowering of CRR amp SLR requirements may help ensure effective monetary transmission Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DMonetary Transmission :- It refers to the process by which a central bank’s monetary policy decisions are passed on to the financial markets-Rising Non performing Assets amp higher returns on small saving schemes may hinder effective monetary transmission-Lowering of CRR amp SLR requirements may help ensure effective monetary transmission MOCK Q516 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Debt Recovery Tribunals were established under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks amp Financial Institutions Act1993 With reference to the Debt Recovery Tribunals DRT consider the following statements :1 DRT is presided over by presiding officer who is generally a judge of the rank of district amp session judge 2 DRT is fully empowered to pass comprehensive orders like civil courts 3 Tribunal can hear cross suits counterclaims amp allow set offsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DDebt Recovery Tribunals were established under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks amp Financial Institutions Act1993-DRT is presided over by presiding officer who is generally a judge of the rank of district amp session judge -DRT is fully empowered to pass comprehensive orders like civil courts -Tribunal can hear cross suits counterclaims amp allow set offs MOCK Q515 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following is not the function of the Asset Rehabilitation Agency that has been recommended by the Economic Survey 2017 A The agency will sell assets of loss making PSUs amp will collect the payments due towards electricity boardsB The agency take over the NPAs from the banks for a fixed cost which is less than NPA amountC The agency will issue security receipts for fixed interest rate amp will raise the money D NPA is transferred to the ARC along with any security pledged while taking loanAns A Asset reconstruction companies or Public Asset Rehabilitation Agencies acquire bad loans from any bank or financial institution for the purpose of realization of such loans HOW ARC WORKS The agency take over the NPAs from the banks for a fixed cost which is less than NPA amountThe agency will issue security receipts for fixed interest rate amp will raise the money NPA is transferred to the ARC along with any security pledged while taking loan MOCK Q514 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Insolvency amp Bankruptcy code 2016 which among the following statement is not correct A The code will apply companies partnerships limited liability partnerships Individuals amp other body specified by the governmentB Insolvency resolution process could be initiated either by the debtor or creditorC As per the code debtor could be jailed for upto 3 years for concealing property or defrauding creditors D Resolution process will have to be completed within 180 days with an extension of upto 90 days if 75 of creditors agreeAns C Insolvency amp Bankruptcy code 2016 :-The code will apply companies partnerships limited liability partnerships Individuals amp other body specified by the government-Insolvency resolution process could be initiated either by the debtor or creditor-As per the code debtor could be jailed for upto 5 years for concealing property or defrauding creditors -Resolution process will have to be completed within 180 days with an extension of upto 90 days if 75 of creditors agree MOCK Q513 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Basel norms consider the following statements :1 These are the broad supervisory substandards to ensure that the financial institutions have enough capital to meet unexpected losses2 At present banks are adhering to Basel III norms 3 Basel III introduced tighter capital requirements in comparison to Basel I amp II Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ARBI has mandated that Indian banks are required to adopt Basel III norms upto 31 March 2019Earlier this date was 31 March 2018Basel III introduced tighter capital requirements These are the broad supervisory substandards to ensure that the financial institutions have enough capital to meet unexpected losses MOCK Q512 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which of the following statements best describes Anchor BanksA These are the public sector banks that will drive the consolidation process among the state owned banks B It is a body of eminent professionals that have been set up to insulate public sector banks from interference by the government C These are the separate institutes formed by the bank or group of banks or by the government itselfD These are the public sector banks that have been classified as Domestically Systemically Important banks Ans AAnchor Banks : These are the public sector banks that will drive the consolidation process among the state owned banks Bank Board Bureau : It is a body of eminent professionals amp consists of only one government officialCAG has been appointed as head of the BBBIt has been set up to insulate public sector banks from interference by the government MOCK Q511 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term BOOT sometimes seen in news A It is a PPP model in which a private entity is required to design procure material amp construct the projectB It is a form of PPP in which a private entity builds a complete project amp leases it to the government C It is a form of PPP in which a private entity builds the project operates the project to recover its costs amp thereafter handovers the project to the government D It is a form of PPP in which ownership of the project remains with the private companyAns CEPC ENGINEERING –PROCUREMENT CONSTRUCTION :It is a PPP model in which a private entity is required to design procure material amp construct the projectBLT BUILD LEASE TRANSFER : It is a form of PPP in which a private entity builds a complete project amp leases it to the government BOOT BUILD OWN OPERATE TRANFER : It is a form of PPP in which a private entity builds the project operates the project to recover its costs amp thereafter handovers the project to the government BOO BUILD OWN OPERATE : It is a form of PPP in which ownership of the project remains with the private company MOCK Q510 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements :1 Anthracite has high carbon content amp low ash content thus causes less pollution 2 India has sufficient reserves of Lignite amp Anthracite coalSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AIndia imports Anthracite coal mainly from Australia to meet its requirementsIndian coal reserves are mostly Lignite amp BituminousLignite has high moisture content so it breaks easily Bituminous coal has high calorific value amp used as a coking coal MOCK Q509 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Of the following what is the difference between Greenfield amp Brownfield project A In Greenfield a new facility offers maximum design flexibility amp efficiency to meet the project needs while in Brownfield building is already constructedB A Greenfield project is usually started at a less cost than a brownfield project C A Greenfield project requires fewer approvals than a brownfield projectD In Greenfield building is already constructed while in Brownfield a new facility offers maximum design flexibility amp efficiency to meet the project needsAns AIn Greenfield a new facility offers maximum design flexibility amp efficiency to meet the project needsNew facilities are typically less costly In Brownfield building is already constructed Time devoted to construction can be avoided as well MOCK Q508 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Global Liveability Index report is published by :A Global Infrastructure HubB Economist Intelligence Unit EIUC Joint Research Centre of European Commission D Cornell UniversityAns BEIU releases Global Liveability Index MOCK Q507 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the International Nitrogen Initiative consider the following statements :1 It was set up in 2005 under sponsorship of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment SCOPE and from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program IGBP2 INI holds a conference once in every three years inviting members of the international nitrogen community to meet up and discuss ideas and exchange knowledge on nitrogen issues Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThe International Nitrogen Initiative INI is an international program set up in 2003 under sponsorship of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment SCOPE and from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program IGBPRole of new Chairs of INI• The other INI projects under their purview include the “N-print” activity on nitrogen foot-printing and cooperation with the Global Carbon Project on establishment of a global nitrous oxide budget• The INI holds a conference once in every three years inviting members of the international nitrogen community to meet up and discuss ideas and exchange knowledge on nitrogen issues MOCK Q506 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ NITI Aayog released Thematic Reports on Sustainable Development in Indian Himalayan Region Which among the following thematic area is not covered in the Thematic reports A Transformative Approach to Shifting CultivationB Purchasing Power Parity of PopulationC Sustainable Tourism in Indian Himalayan RegionD Data/Information for Informed Decision MakingAns BThe NITI Aayog on August 23 2018 released the five Thematic Reports on Sustainable Development in e Indian Himalayan Region IHR listing the challenges in all the defined 5 thematic areasThe reports discuss the significance the challenges the ongoing actions and a future roadmapEarlier in June 2017 the NITI Aayog had set up 5 Working Groups to prepare a roadmap for actions in 5 thematic areas that are quite significant for the Himalayas These areas were:• Inventory and Revival of Springs in Himalayas for Water Security• Sustainable Tourism in Indian Himalayan Region• Transformative Approach to Shifting Cultivation• Strengthening Skill amp Entrepreneurship Landscape in Himalayas• Data/Information for Informed Decision Making MOCK Q505 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ European Space Agency launches world’s first wind-sensing satellite Aeolus With reference to the satellite consider the following statements :1 It is part of the Copernicus project a joint initiative of European Union EU and European SpaceAgency ESA to track environmental damage and aid disaster relief operations2 It will be placed at altitude of 320km above the EarthSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CEuropean Space Agency launches world’s first wind-sensing satellite Aeolus• European Space Agency ESA successfully launched wind-sensing satellite named ‘Aeolus’ into orbit on board of Vega rocket from French Guyana • It is world’s first wind-sensing satellite dedicated to map Earth’s wind on global scale • It will be placed at altitude of 320km above the Earth • It is part of the Copernicus project a joint initiative of European Union EU and European Space Agency ESA to track environmental damage and aid disaster relief operations MOCK Q504 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Union Cabinet approves Earth Sciences Ministry’s umbrella scheme ‘O-SMART’ What benefits will be provided by implementation of this scheme A It will help address issues related to Sustainable Development Goal-14 which emphasises on the conservation of the oceans and marine resourcesB It will provide scientific information on the status of species at a global levelCIt will help address issues related to Sustainable Development Goal-11 which emphasises on the conservation of the oceans and marine resourcesD It is a central sponsored scheme focuses on improving the management of water amp land resources enhancing food security amp reducing povertyAns AThe Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved implementation of an umbrella scheme ‘Ocean Services Technology Observations Resources Modelling and Science O-SMART’ The scheme will cover a total of 16 sub-projects which will address ocean development activities such as services technology resources observations and scienceSignificanceThe services provided under the O-SMART scheme will provide a number of economic benefits to the user communities in the coastal areas Benefits• The implementation of the scheme will help address issues related to Sustainable Development Goal-14 which emphasises on the conservation of the oceans and marine resources-India has also signed the Antarctic Treaty System and joined the Commission of Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CCAMLR for harnessing the resources MOCK Q503 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following products are offered by the Indian Post Payment Banks 1 Direct Benefit Transfers2 Saving amp Current Accounts 3 Utility paymentsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans D• The payments bank where the Indian government holds 100 per cent equity • The IPPBs will offer a range of products such as savings and current accounts money transfer direct benefit transfers bill and utility payments and enterprise and merchant paymentsOn August 29 2018 the Union Cabinet had approved 80 per cent increase in spending for IPPB from Rs 800 crore to Rs 1435 crore MOCK Q502 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the news “CLASS” is associated with which of the followingA An instrument on Chandrayaan-2 is designed to detect direct signatures of elements present in the lunar soilB It is a payload imaging sensor built by Santa Barbara Remote Sensing that was launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999 on board the Terra satellite and in 2002 on board the Aqua satelliteC It is CIXS instrument also referred to as Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer to carry out high quality X-ray spectroscopic mapping of the moonD None of the aboveAns AThe CLASS instrument on Chandrayaan-2 is designed to detect direct signatures of elements present in the lunar soilISRO said in a statement released on its official website that CLASS is able to detect direct signatures of elements present in the lunar soil It was also found by the CLASS that best observation occurred when the Sun provides a rich source of x-rays to illuminate the lunar surface The payload can also detect secondary x-ray emissions resulted from the lunar surface to find out elements like Na Ca Al Si Ti and FeAbout X-ray MonitorX-ray Monitor or XSM detects the X-rays emitted by the Sun and its corona It calculates the strength of solar radiation in these rays and assists CLASS Major objective of XSM is to provide solar X-ray spectrum in the energy range of 1-15 KV This payload will give high-energy resolution and high-cadencemeasurements of solar X-ray spectra as input for analysis of data from CLASS MOCK Q501 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With which among the following part of India Aarey Forest Controversy is associated A Aarey colony of Maharashtra B Western Ghats of KeralaC Aarey forests of Andhra PradeshD Temperate forests found between an altitude of 1000 and 2000 mAns AAarey protest: The Supreme Court hit out at the Maharashtra state government saying that no more treesshould be cut in Aarey colony MOCK Q500 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which of the following statements best describes ICON Mission launched by NASA A It is to study heat and energy move through the sun’s corona and explore what accelerates the solar winds that affect Earth and other planetsB An innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunitiesC Mission is to explore Mars and to provide a continuous flow of scientific information and discovery through a carefully selected series of robotic orbiters landers and mobile laboratories interconnectedby a high-bandwidth Mars/Earth communications networkD It was launched from an aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean near the Florida coast to study the Earth’s Ionosphere which will be able to understand the link between space and the earth’sweather with this studyAns DNASA’s ICON satellite was launched from an aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean near the Florida coastAbout ICON Mission• The ICON satellite will study the Earth’s Ionosphere It includes various layers of the uppermost atmosphere where free electrons flow freely It affects Earth’s magnetic field and radio communications• The scientists will be able to understand the link between space and the earth’s weather with this study• The ICON mission is the 39th successful launch and satellite deployment by Pegasus rocket• This mission is operated by the University of California It was originally planned to launch in late 2017 but delayed due to the problems with the Pegasus XL rocket• Ionosphere Connection Explorer ICON is equipped with 780-watt solar arrays to power the instruments• ICON has designed as a two year’s mission but if all goes well according to the plan it will last for more than a decade MOCK Q499 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan OR SUMAN Scheme consider the following statements :1 It aims to provide institutional delivery at every private amp public health care facilities 2 Under the scheme all pregnant women newborns and mothers up to 6 months of delivery will be able to avail several free health care services such as four antenatal check-ups and six home-based newborn care visits3 The pregnant women will be able to avail a zero expense delivery and C-section facility in case of complications at public health facilitiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans CSurakshit Matritva Aashwasan• The Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan initiative or SUMAN scheme aims to provide dignified and quality health care at no cost to every woman and newborn visiting a public health facility• Under the scheme all pregnant women newborns and mothers up to 6 months of delivery will be able to avail several free health care services such as four antenatal check-ups and six home-based newborn care visits• The scheme will enable zero expense access to the identification and management of complications during and after the pregnancy The government will also provide free transport to pregnant women from home to the health facility and drop back after discharge minimum 48 hrs• The pregnant women will be able to avail a zero expense delivery and C-section facility in case of complications at public health facilities• The scheme will ensure that there is zero-tolerance for denial of services to such patients MOCK Q498 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ ‘Ex-Eastern Bridge-V’ joint exercise begins between which among the following nations A India amp USAB USA amp VietnamC India amp OmanD USA amp OmanAns CIAF and Royal Air Force of Oman begins Joint Exercise ‘Ex-Eastern Bridge-V’Indian Air Force and Royal Air Force of Oman will also promote the exchange of experience during Ex-Eastern Bridge-V MOCK Q497 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the India Energy Forum consider the following statements :1 It was established in 2011 with an objective to understand India’s Nuclear Energy Program2 All the public and private nuclear organizations oil and gas organizations Renewable energy organizations are members of India Energy ForumSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DWhat is India Energy ForumIt was established in 2001 with an objective to understand India’s Nuclear Energy Program Now it has a special status of the spokesman of India’s total energy sector Several public and private nuclear organizations oil and gas organizations Renewable energy organizations are members of India Energy Forum Some of them are – NHPC NTPC Power Grid Corporation ONGC Power Finance Corporation among others MOCK Q496 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Chile cancels hosting COP-25 and APEC due to nationwide unrest With reference to the following What is Chile Unrest A It is a nationwide protest against the increase in carbon dioxide emission from the industrial amp thermal plants affecting the climate B It is a nationwide protest against authorities in maintaining public safety and orderC It is a nationwide protest against 30 per cent increase in Metro faresD It is a nationwide protest caused by a 50–200 increase in fuel prices calling for the overthrow of the government in ChileAns CChile cancels hosting COP-25 and APEC due to nationwide unrestChile announced a 30 per cent increase in Metro fares in October 2019 which triggered the anger of people and they started protesting against the governmentWhat is Chile unrestThe government of Chile announced a 30 per cent increase in Metro fares in October 2019 The county was already going through issues of inflation which triggered the anger of people and they started protesting against the government on October 17 2019What is COP 25 issueUnited Nations Climate Change Conference 2019 COP25 was planned to be held in Santiago Chile It was planned that Chile will host the global Summit between 2 to 13 December 2019 but it was cancelled on 30 October due to Chilean unrestCOP 25 was originally planned to be held in Brazil but newly elected President Jair Bolsonaro announcedthat due to economic reasons Brazil is not able to host the summit and withdrawal of an offer to host the program MOCK Q495 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following statement is/are correct in context with the APEC 1 The group was established in 1989 to boost Asia-Pacific economies and get trade benefits from other parts of the world2 It was the first time decided in 2006 Summit held in Hanoi that Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific FTAAP should be establishedSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CWhat is APECAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation is also known as APEC It is an inter-governmental platform for 21 Pacific Rim member economies to promote free-trade in the Asia-Pacific region The group was established in 1989 to boost Asia-Pacific economies and get trade benefits from other parts of the world It was the first time decided in 2006 Summit held in Hanoi that Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific FTAAP should be established MOCK Q494 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ In context with the CIRDAP a regional Inter – Governmental and autonomous institution which among the following statements are correct 1 Originally the institution had six members but now the number has gone up to 252 It was jointly established on 6 July 1979 by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation FAO in coordination with several other UN bodies and donors 3 India is one of the key founding members of this OrganisationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans C About CIRDAP• It is a regional Inter – Governmental and autonomous institution• It was jointly established on 6 July 1979 by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation FAO in coordination with several other UN bodies and donors • India is one of the key founding members of this Organisation• The headquarters of the institution is located at Dhaka in Bangladesh• The main objective of the body is to promote regional cooperation and act as a serving institution for its member countries for promotion of integrated rural development through research action training and information dissemination• There are 46 countries in Asia Pacific Region therefore CIRDAP has great potential for expansion for which they would be assisted by CIRDAP Centres• Originally the institution had six members but now the number has gone up to 15 The member countries include India Pakistan Sri Lanka Nepal Malaysia Afghanistan Bangladesh Fiji Indonesia Iran Lao PDR Myanmar Philippines Thailand and Vietnam MOCK Q493 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following serves as the Secretariat for the SASEC member countries A Asian Development BankB World BankC ASEAN Regional ForumD World Bank GroupAns AAbout South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation• The SASEC brings together seven countries in a project-based partnership to promote regional prosperity by improving cross-border connectivity boosting trade among member countries and strengthening regional economic cooperation• The SASEC countries are Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Myanmar Nepal and Sri Lanka• The Program was set up in 2001• The Asian Development Bank ADB serves as the Secretariat for the SASEC member countries MOCK Q492 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Recently our scientists have discovered Tree-living crab species that includes the structure of its hard upper shell its male abdominal structure and reproductive parts and diagnostic elongated walking legs which no other genus has In which part of India has it been discoveredA Anaimalai ForestsB Western Ghats of Kerala C Andaman IslandsD Tropical Rain Forests of North eastAns BTree-living crab species Kani maranjandu found in KeralaThe key traits of the crab include the structure of its hard upper shell its male abdominal structure and reproductive parts and diagnostic elongated walking legs which no other genus hasA group of scientists discovered a new species of long legged tree-dwelling crabs in Western Ghats of KeralaThe species are named after the Kani tribe in Kerala• The survey of the freshwater crab fauna had started in the year 2014 in the Westerns Ghats in KeralaAbout Kani tribe• Kani is a tribe living in the Western Ghats area of Kerala MOCK Q491 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ “Death Penalty Report” is released by which organization A Amnesty InternationalB GreenpeaceC World Social ForumD Doctors Without BordersAns AAmnesty International released Death Penalty Report 2016As per the report at least 60 people who had been sentenced to death were exonerated in 9 countries in 2016 MOCK Q490 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ “Globalization Backlash” is released by which organization A World Bank B World Tourism Organisation C World Bank GroupD International Fund for Agricultural Development Ans AWorld Bank released report Globalization BacklashSouth Asia’s performance will maintain momentum with the gap between its growth rate and that of East Asia slightly widening over timeHighlights of Globalization Backlash• With a strong performance in the eastern part of the South Asia Region – in particular in Bhutan Bangladesh and India – the region defied disappointing world growth in 2016• Inflation slowed down in the second half of 2016 mainly due to lower food prices but appears to be turning up again• Despite recent real exchange rate appreciation current account balances are mostly in order throughout the region MOCK Q489 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ In context with the Agni-III which among the following statements is/are correct 1 This Surface-to-Surface nuclear capable intermediate-range ballistic missile can hit targets in the range of around 2500 km2 It can carry a warhead of 15 tonne which is protected by carbon all composite heat shield3 The missile was inducted into the armed forces in June 2016Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 1 amp 3C Only 2D 123Ans CHighlights of the Agni-III ballistic missile• This Surface-to-Surface nuclear capable intermediate-range ballistic missile can hit targets in the range of around 3000 km• The two-stage solid-propelled missile has a length of 17 metres 2 metres diameter and its launch weight is around 50 tonnes• It can carry a warhead of 15 tonne which is protected by carbon all composite heat shield• The missile was inducted into the armed forces in June 2011 MOCK Q488 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term Microlensing sometimes seen in news A It is a technique that aids the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlightsB It is a technique to correct refractive errors of the eye by permanently changing the shape of the corneaC It is a technique of reducing the person’s dependence on glasses by preparing the contact lenses D None of the aboveAns AWhat is Microlensing• It is a technique that aids the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlights• When a star crosses from the front of a bright star the gravity of the star in the front focuses the light of the background star making it appear brighter• So a planet orbiting the foreground star may cause a glitch in its brightness MOCK Q487 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Recently India has become the member of which of the following UN subsidiary bodies for the period of three years 1 Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC2 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE3 International Narcotics Control BoardSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans AIndia along with 12 other members was elected for the period of three years to the Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council ECOSOCThese two organisations are Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC and International Narcotics Control BoardIndia’s Election to Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC• India along with 12 other members was elected for the period of three years to the Committee for Programme and Coordination CPC a subsidiary body of the UN Economic and Social Council ECOSOC• It garnered the most number of votes in the Asian group with 49 out of 50 members of ECOSOC voting in its favour• The other 12 members elected for three-year terms include Burkina Faso Iran Japan Pakistan Belarus Bulgaria Moldova Brazil Chile Cuba the United Kingdom and United States• The CPC is the main subsidiary organ of the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly for planning programming and coordination MOCK Q486 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA to transfer Sterile Insect Technique to numerous countries to combat which among the following virus disease A ZikaB Small poxC EbollaD Common cold and different types of fluAns AIAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA to transfer Sterile Insect Technique under 23 Million Euro Project to Combat ZikaSince 1997 SIT has been transferred to numerous countries to combat pests that affect food and crops and insects that transmit diseases including mosquitoesAbout Sterile Insect Technique SITSterile Insect Technique SIT is a form of pest control that uses ionizing radiation to sterilize male insects mass-produced in special rearing facilitiesSince 1997 SIT has been transferred to numerous countries by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture MOCK Q485 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following statements is/are correct with respect to the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund 1 It was established as a Category II Alternate Investment Funds AIF as per the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI2 It has an initial corpus of 20000 crore rupees which can be leveraged by infrastructure companies including Indian Rail Finance Corporation IRFC and National Housing Bank NHBSelect the correct answer using the codes given below A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CAbout National Investment and Infrastructure Fund• The fund was approved by the Union Cabinet in July 2015 to fund new and rejuvenate stressed projects so that stalled investment cycle is revived in the country• It was established as a Category II Alternate Investment Funds AIF as per the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI• It has an initial corpus of 20000 crore rupees which can be leveraged by infrastructure companies including Indian Rail Finance Corporation IRFC and National Housing Bank NHB• On the basis of the above early warning signals the branch maintaining the account should consider forwarding the stressed accounts with aggregate loan limits above 10 lakh rupees to the Committee for Stressed MSMEs within five working days for a suitable corrective action plan CAP• As regards accounts with aggregate loan limits up to 10 lakh rupees identified as SMA-2 the account should be mandatorily examined for CAP by the branch itself under the authority of the branch manager /designated official as decided by the bank• The option under CAP may include Rectification Restructuring and Recovery among others MOCK Q484 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Apart from the rotavirus vaccine which among the following new vaccine has been introduced as part of UIP Universal Immunization Programme A Inactivated Polio Vaccine IPVB Hepatitis A VaccineC Chicken Pox VaccineD Hepatitis B VaccineAns ASNIPPET FROM THE NEWS :Health Minister JP Nadda launched Rotavirus vaccine as part of Universal Immunization ProgrammeThe vaccine is being introduced initially in four states which are Andhra Pradesh Haryana Himachal Pradesh and Odisha and will be expanded to the entire country in a phased mannerApart from the rotavirus vaccine three new vaccines are also being introduced as part of UIP including Inactivated Polio Vaccine IPV Measles Rubella MR vaccine and Adult Japanese Encephalitis JE vaccineAbout Universal Immunization Programme• Universal Immunization Programme is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985• It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission NRHM since 2005 MOCK Q483 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following Protected Area Network is associated with the Madrid Action Plan A Biosphere ReservesB Conservation ReservesC Biodiversity HotspotsD Community reservesAns AMadrid Action Plan for Biosphere Reserves MOCK Q482 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Worldwide Cost of Living survey is released by which of the following organization A Organisation for Economic Cooperation amp Development B World Economic ForumC Economist Intelligence UnitD UN Human Rights CouncilAns CEconomist Intelligence Unit released Worldwide Cost of Living Report 2016EIU ranked Singapore as the priciest city while were Lusaka the capital of Zambia was named as the cheapest city of the worldEconomist Intelligence Unit EIU released Worldwide Cost of Living Report 2016 on 10 March 2016 According to the report Mumbai and Bangalore are among the cheapest cities in the worldEIU ranked Singapore as the priciest city ahead of Zurich Hong Kong Geneva and ParisThe Economist Intelligence Unit helps business leaders prepare for opportunity empowering them to act with confidence when making strategic decisionsThe Worldwide Cost of Living survey is released twice a year by the EIU It compares more than 400 individual prices across 160 products and services in 131 cities including food drink clothing household supplies and personal care items home rents transport utility bills private schools domestic help and recreational costs MOCK Q481 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following destinations spread across the states under the Krishna Circuit 1 Nathdwar2 Puri3 Bhadrachalam4 SikarSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 amp 3B 124C 234D 1234Ans BDestinations under Krishna CircuitUnder Krishna circuit 12 destinations spread across 5 states are proposed These are:• Dwarka Gujarat• Nathdwara Jaipur amp Sikar Rajasthan• Kurukshetra Haryana• Mathura Vrindavan Gokul Barsana Nandgaon amp Govardhan Uttar Pradesh• Puri OdishaBesides projects worth more than 300 crores rupees were approved in-principle in Uttar Pradesh under both the circuitsUnder Ramayana Circuit 11 destinations spread across 6 states are proposed These are:• Ayodhya Nandigram Shringhverpur amp Chitrakoot Uttar Pradesh• Sitamarhi Buxar amp Darbhanga Bihar• Jagdalpur Chattisgarh• Bhadrachalam Telangana• Hampi Karnataka• Rameshwaram Tamil NaduExpert committee also suggested including Chitrakoot Madhya Pradesh Nashik amp Nagpur Maharashtra and Mahendragiri Odisha in the proposed circuit MOCK Q480 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following is/are the long term FPIs Foreign Portfolio Investors A Sovereign Wealth Funds OnlyB Pension Funds OnlyC Sovereign Wealth Funds Endowment Funds Insurance Funds Pension FundsD Sovereign Wealth Funds Insurance Funds Pension FundsAns CMarkets regulator the Securities and Exchange Board of India SEBI on 29 March 2016 decided to increase the Foreign Portfolio Investors FPI investment limit in Central Government securities This will boost inflows of foreign funds into Indian capital marketsThe limit for long term FPIs Sovereign Wealth Funds Multilateral Agencies Endowment Funds Insurance Funds Pension Funds and Foreign Central Banks in the Central Government securities will be enhanced to 50000 crore rupees from 4 April 2016 and 56000 crore rupees on 5 July 2016 Currently the existing limit is 44100 crore rupees for long term FPIs MOCK Q479 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term Fertile Crescent sometimes seen in news A It is the Rajasthan’s state fertile soil that provides food amp firewood to support rural economyB It is the confluence of different biogeographical zones that is very rich in species diversityC It is a tree species found in a part of south India that can serve as a safety hedge against coastal calamitiesD It is an ancient area of fertile soil amp vital rivers in the middle eastAns DFertile Crescent : It is an ancient area of fertile soil amp vital rivers in the middle east-Initiative of UN’s Food amp Agriculture Organisation amp University of Birmingham’s school of Biosciences MOCK Q478 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following statements is/are correct with respect to the Angel Fund 1 It has been launched very recently under which the first generation entrepreneurs can get a maximum loan of 5 lakh rupees at 5 interest pa2 The loan will have a moratorium period of maximum 9 months during which no interest rates will be charged Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt has been launched in 2013 by Assam Chief Minister under which the first generation entrepreneurs can get a maximum loan of 5 lakh rupees at 5 interest paThe loan will have a moratorium period of maximum 10 months during which no interest rates will be charged MOCK Q477 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Equity Index consider the following statements :1 It was launched in collaboration with the world bank which will help raise funds for products seeking to mitigate climate change2 It is the first equity Index linked with the Green BondSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CEquity Index :BNP PAIBAS on 18 sep 2014launched this indexIt was launched in collaboration with the world bank which will help raise funds for products seeking to mitigate climate changeIt is the first equity Index linked with the Green Bond MOCK Q476 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Maharaja Bonds to develop the infrastructure for the domestic capital markets has been issued by which of the following organization A World BankB Asian Development BankC World Bank GroupD Asian Infrastructure Investment BankAns AMaharaja Bonds to develop the infrastructure for the domestic capital markets has been issued by World Bank MOCK Q475 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the Minsk agreement consider the following statements :1 This agreement was based on 11 point peace plan that included the release of hostages 2 The agreement was brokered by the WTO World Trade OrganisationSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThis agreement was based on 12 point peace plan that included the release of hostages The agreement was brokered by the Organisation for security amp cooperation in Europe OSCEUkraine amp pro-Russian rebels agreed on ceasefire agreement called Minsk agreement MOCK Q474 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ A report titled scientific assessment of Ozone depletion revealed that the ozone layer is well on track to recovery in the next few decades The report has been prepared by which of the following organizations A UNEP amp WMOB Green Climate FundC UNDP amp UNEPD Global environment FacilityAns AA report titled scientific assessment of Ozone depletion revealed that the ozone layer is well on track to recovery in the next few decades The report has been prepared by UNEP United Nation Environment Programme amp WMO World Meteorological Organisation MOCK Q473 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which of the following given Inclusive Development Index ranking to the countries of the world A World Economic ForumB World Health OrganisationC UN Human Rights CouncilD UNDPAns AThe Inclusive Development Index IDI is an annual economic index introduced by the World Economic Forum System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Economic Progress in 2017 The IDI ranks countries’ economic performance in three pillars: growth and development inclusion and intergenerational equity and sustainability The IDI is a project of the World Economic Forum’s System Initiative on the Future of Economic Progress which aims to inform and enable sustained and inclusive economic progress through deepened public-private cooperation through thought leadership and analysis strategic dialogue and concrete cooperation including by accelerating social impact through corporate action MOCK Q472 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ In order to join Euro currency a country must fulfill which of the following conditions 1 Government debt no higher than 70pc of GDP2 Budget deficit below 3pc of GDP3 Low Inflation amp Interest rates Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 3D 123Ans BGovernment debt no higher than 60pc of GDPBudget deficit below 3pc of GDPLow Inflation amp Interest rates MOCK Q471 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following has released a report titled “ Environmental Crime Crisis A Bombay Natural History Society B World Wildlife FundC Birdlife InternationalD UNEP United nation Environment ProgrammeAns D MOCK Q470 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following has published a report titled “Mysterious Mekong” mentioning the discoveriesof new exotic species in Greater Mekong Region A Bombay Natural History Society B World Wildlife FundC Birdlife InternationalD UNEP United nation Environment ProgrammeAns BWorld Wildlife Fund has published a report titled “Mysterious Mekong” mentioning the discoveriesof new exotic species in Greater Mekong Region MOCK Q469 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to ATOMEXPO an International Forum for nuclear power industry consider the following statements :1 It is an initiative of Russia’s state Nuclear Energy Corporation 2 First ATOMEXPO was held in 2009 to define the place amp role of nuclear generation in 21st century Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrect Ans CAtomexpo is a major communication company providing the whole spectrum of services in field of congress-exhibition management event-industry and business presentations worldwideAtomexpo LLC is in the market of communication services since 2009 The company is arranging the business events conducted by State Corporation Rosatom and the companies of the nuclear sector of the Russian industry as well as by the bodies of the RF executive authorities and international companies The company portfolio contains over 500 successfully led projects both in Russia and abroad MOCK Q468 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ With reference to the GSAT 7 consider the following statements :1 Payload of the GSAT 7 is designed to provide communication capabilities to users in distant coastal regions2 Its solar arrays generate 2100 W of electric powerSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DGSAT 7:-Payload of the GSAT 7 is designed to provide communication capabilities to users in distant oceanic regions- Its solar arrays generate 2900 W of electric power MOCK Q467 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following factors is/are considered for cataloging the specimens in the bio Banks 1 Blood type2 Cornea of the eyes3 Hair cells of the human beingsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 1Ans DA biobank is a type of biorepository that stores biological samples usually human for use in research Since the late 1990s biobanks have become an important resource in medical research supporting many types of contemporary research like genomics and personalized medicineBiobanks give researchers access to data representing a large number of people Samples in biobanks and the data derived from those samples can often be used by multiple researchers for cross purpose research studies For example many diseases are associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and performing genome-wide association studies using large collections of samples which represent tens or hundreds of thousands of individuals can help to identify disease biomarkers Many researchers struggled to acquire sufficient samples prior to the advent of biobanksBiobanks have provoked questions on privacy research ethics and medical ethics While viewpoints on what constitutes appropriate biobank ethics diverge consensus has been reached that operating biobanks without establishing carefully considered governing principles and policies could be detrimental to communities that participate in biobank programsVirtual biobanks integrate epidemiological cohorts into a common poolVirtual biobanks allow for sample collection to meet national regulationsTissue banks harvest and store human tissues for transplantation and research As biobanks become more established it is expected that tissue banks will merge with biobanksPopulation banks store biomaterial as well as associated characteristics such as lifestyle clinical and environmental data MOCK Q466 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQWhich among the following is/are the applications of the Deep UV Laser device 1 Deep UV light can be used to sterilize bacteria amp Viruses decontaminate drinking water amp in fluorescence sensors to detect chemicals 2 Significant improvement in the ability to inspect microchips with solid state metrology3 Improved detection of airborne chemical amp biological agents Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DAll of the above are the applications of the Deep UV Laser device MOCK Q465 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term Peace Arc sometimes seen in news A It is an international treaty to change the functioning of the European Union which must be ratified by atleast 3/4th member states of the European Union B It is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase the maritime cooperation amongst navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean regionC It is the Chinese navy hospital ship to provide free medical services to people of BangladeshD It is a multilateral energy security cooperation treaty amongst the members of the East Asia SummitAns CThe ship was launched in 2007 with the stated intention of giving China a platform to provide a better means to providing quicker humanitarian response to disasters around the world but others contend it also allows China to extend the navy’s blue water capabilitiesOn 1 September 2010 the hospital ship embarked on a three-month Harmonious Mission 2010 to the Gulf of Aden with a total of 428 officers including 100 medical workers En route she visited and provided medical treatment to the local people of Djibouti Tanzania Kenya the Seychelles and BangladeshDuring Harmonious Mission 2011 Peace Ark visited Cuba Costa Rica Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago the first Chinese voyage to the Caribbean MOCK Q464 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which one of the following best describes the term SEEDS PROJECT sometimes seen in news A It is an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Environment amp Forests to conserve nature through action based research education amp public awarenessB It is a Tree Campaign launched by UNEP of planting 1 billion trees in 2007C It is a non-profit research research organization that focuses on management of water amp land resources enhancing food security amp reducing povertyD It is a project which directly captures the images of extra solar planets amp protoplanetary disks around thousands of nearby stars Ans DThe SEEDS Project• This discovery is the part of Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru SEEDS project It is a project which directly captures the images of extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks around thousands of nearby stars by making use of Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea Hawaii• SEEDS is a 5-year project which started off in the year 2009• SEEDS is led by Motohide Tamura at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ• Imaging done under this project provides an insight into the orbit atmosphere temperature and luminosity of the planet However the planets are very faint and extremely close to their host stars which is why it is extremely difficult to capture them• The SEEDS project captures the images at near-infrared wavelengths by making use of the novel adaptive optics system of telescope and two instruments: the High Contrast Instrument for the Subaru Next Generation Adaptive Optics and the InfraRed Camera and Spectrograph The combination of these enables the team to capture the direct images towards fainter planets MOCK Q463 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ H7N9 virus is sometimes mentioned in news with reference to which of the following disease A Bird fluB DengueC Swine FluD AIDSAns AH7N9 virus is referred with Bird flu MOCK Q462 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Which among the following areas have been focused under the Greenpeace campaigns 1 Oceans2 Forests3 Nuclear reactors4 Genetically modified foods5 VegetarianismSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1245B Only 12 amp 4C 1234D All are correctAns CVegetarianism has not been focused under the Greenpeace campaignsThe following areas have been focused under the Greenpeace campaigns 1 Oceans2 Forests3 Nuclear reactors4 Genetically modified foods MOCK Q461 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements :1 Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rights2 Amnesty International operates in India with headquarters in Bangalore Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CAmnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rightsAmnesty International operates in India with headquarters in Bangalore MOCK Q460 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements about International Committee of Red Cross :1 ICRC was established in 19th century in GenevaSwitzerland2 International Committee of the red cross was awarded the nobel prize in 1917 1944 1963 – on the third occasion jointly with the League of Red Cross societies3 Red cross society was found to protect the human life amp health from the war hostilitiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans DAll are correct Just memorize it MOCK Q459 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Consider the following statements:1 Human Development Index for any nation is calculated as geometric mean of life expectancy Index Education Index amp Income Index2 Life expectancy index in HDI is calculated using a minimum value of 20 years amp a minimum value of 85 yearsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CHuman Development Index for any nation is calculated as geometric mean of life expectancy Index Education Index amp Income IndexLife expectancy index in HDI is calculated using a minimum value of 20 years amp a minimum value of 85 years MOCK Q458 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDUQ Who among the following releases World Press Freedom Index A Institute for Economics and PeaceB Oxfam InternationalC Reporters Without BordersD World Economic ForumAns CThe 2019 World Press Freedom Index compiled by Reporters Without Borders RSF shows how hatred of journalists has degenerated into violence contributing to an increase in fear The number of countries regarded as safe where journalists can work in complete security continues to decline while authoritarian regimes continue to tighten their grip on the media MOCK Q457QWhich one of the following plants is popularly grown along the road for absorbing vehicular pollutantsA NeriumB NeemC BourgainvilleaD CallotropisAns CThe vine species grow anywhere from 1 to 12 m 3 to 40 ft tall scrambling over other plants with their spiky thorns They are evergreen where rainfall occurs all year or deciduous if there is a dry season Bougainvillea are popular ornamental plants in most areas with warm climates such as Florida and South Carolina and across The Mediterranean Basin MOCK Q456Q Which of the following statements correctly denotes Bio-fortification A Enrichment of the nutrient quality of the soil using biological agentsB Breeding crops to increase their nutritional valuesC Inrcrease of organo-metallic compounds in the organism through energy flow in an ecosystemD Adoption of genetic variable plants for breeding of high yielding plants Ans BBiofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value This can be done either through conventional selective breeding or through genetic engineering Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing rather than having nutrients added to the foods when they are being processedThis is an important improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods2 As such biofortification is seen as an upcoming strategy for dealing with deficiencies of micronutrients in low and middle-income countries In the case of iron WHO estimated that biofortification could help curing the 2 billion people suffering from iron deficiency-induced anemia MOCK Q455 Q4 What is a major use of Allethrin A In household insecticidesB In glass manufactureC In steel manufactureD In paints amp varnishesAnsA MOCK Q454 Q Custom duty on non-edible oils has been reduced to encourage soaps amp oleochemicals What are Oleochemicals 1 These are the chemicals derived from the Plant products2 They are analogous to petrochemicals derived from petroleumWhich among the above are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BThese are the chemicals derived from the Plant products amp animal fats MOCK Q453 Q Who among the following are not the members of the Arab League 1 Chad 2 Israel3 South Sudan4 Libya5 OmanWhich among the above is/are correct A 345B Only 1 amp 2C 125D All are the members Ans BThe Arab League was founded in Cairo in 1945 by Egypt Iraq Lebanon Saudi Arabia Syria Transjordan Jordan from 1946 and Yemen North Yemen later combined Yemen There was a continual increase in membership during the second half of the 20th century with additional 15 Arab states and 4 observers being admitted MOCK Q452 Q4 Which of the following is superimposed international boundary A USA –Mexico boundaryB India-Pakistan boundary along Jammu amp KashmirC 38th North parallel boundary between North amp south KoreaD Chile-Argentina boundary along AndesAns BA superimposed boundary is a boundary that has been imposed on an area by an outside or conquering power This boundary ignores the cultural organizations on this landscape MOCK Q451 Q Land reclamation is the subject dealt by :A Ministry of rural developmentB Ministry of agricultureC Ministry of panchayati rajD Ministry of earth sciencesAns BLand reclamation usually known as reclamation and also known as land fill not to be confused with a landfill is the process of creating new land from oceans seas riverbeds or lake beds The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill MOCK Q450 QWho among the following founded Theosophical society A Madam Blavatsky amp Annie BesantB AO Hume amp Annie BesantC HS Alcott amp Annie BesantD Madam Blavatsky amp HS AlcottAns AThe Theosophical Society was an organization formed in the United States in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky to advance Theosophy The original organization after splits and realignments currently has several successors Following the death of Blavatsky competition within the Society between factions emerged particularly among founding members and the organisation split between the Theosophical Society Adyar Olcott-Besant and the Theosophical Society Pasadena Judge The former group headquartered in Indiais the most widespread international group holding the name Theosophical Society today MOCK Q449 Q The ‘Kurram’ of Chola period were : A Musicians B Union of villages C Royal officers D Temple artisansAns BChola political system was the only one which still maintained contact with the cultivator on a wild scale and retained characteristics of a centrally organized administration The political status Rajaraja I was certainly different from that of Amoghavarsha the Rashtrakuta ruler or Vishnuvardhana the Hoysala ruler The titles used by the Chola kings were Chakrvartigal or Chakravarti The royal household was run on an elaborate scale and royal patronage was lavish The political role of Purohita priest as known to northern Indian politics underwent a modification in the Chola system The Rajguru priest of the royal family of the Cholas became a confidant and confessor in addition to being the advisor in all matters temporal and sacred For further advice there was an assembly of officer whom the king would consultChola kingdom was divided into provinces mandalam their being generally eight or nine of these Each mandalam was divided into valanadus or districts These in turn were subdivided into groups of villages variously called kurram nadu or kottam Occasionally a very large village would be administered as a single unit and this was called Taniyur The administrative unit was the village and to that extent there was a little significant difference between Chola administration and that of the Guptas However the nature of the village administration was certainly of a very different order The degree of autonomy at village level was something quiet remarkable for the times Chola officials participated in village affairs more as advisors and observers than as administratorsThe basic assumption in the type of village autonomy emerging at this period was that each village should be administered by the villagers themselves For the purpose a village assembly was formed and authority was vested in this assemblyThe general assemblies included most of the local residents and were of three categories: the ur consisted of the tax paying residents of an ordinary village the sabha was restricted to the Brahmans of the village or else was found exclusively in villages gifted to Brahmans and finally the nagaram was found more commonly in trade centers In some villages the ur and the sabha were found together Very large villages had two urs if this was more convenient for their functioning The working of these assemblies differed according to local conditions The ur was open to all male adults of the village but in affect the older members took a more prominent part some of them forming a small executive body for routine matters The sabha had the same system and in addition had the power to constitute smaller committees of any size from among its membersMOCK Q448- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following passage :“The length of the saree in this folk dance is about 3 inches above the heelMusic in this dance is played using Tirio A bamboo flute with seven holesWomen dancers usually wear white or yellow sarees with red borders amp adorn their hair with wild flowersWhich among the following folk dance has been discussed in the above passage A Santhal danceB Karma danceC Bidesiya danceD Jhijhiya danceAns ASanthal dance – Jharkhand Karma dance – JharkhandBidesiya dance – BiharJhijhiya dance-BiharMOCK Q447- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q With reference to the Kolkali dance consider the following statements :1 It is basically a tribal dance form undertaken annually on the Karma festival although it is performed on different social occasions as well2Only male dancers can participate in this dance3 It is a highly rhythmic dance with the dancers wielding short sticksSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans CKarma dance: It is basically a tribal dance form undertaken annually on the Karma festival although it is performed on different social occasions as wellMOCK Q446- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following pairs :Community Place1Ahir Haryana2Manganiyars South India3Kambala Nayaka Tamil NaduSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 3D 123Ans CCommunity of people Manganiyars is well known for their musical tradition in North East IndiaAhir community of Gurgaon Haryana is known for th Dhamal danceMOCK Q445- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following statements :1 Lavani Gatka amp Thang-Ta folk dances are associated with the display of military skills by traditional community2 Chhau folk dance blends both dance amp martial arts employing mock combat techniques Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BGatka Thang-Ta amp Choliya folk dances are associated the display of military skills by traditional community but not Lavani danceChhau folk dance of West Bengal blends both dance amp martial arts employing mock combat techniques This dance is performed during night in an open space called Akhara or AsarMOCK Q444- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following statements :1 Caves at Nagarjuni hills was dedicated by Ashoka amp his grandson Dashratha Maurya to the Ajivika Monks2Bharhut stupa constructed under Mauryas shows influence of Greeks on Indian artSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ABharhut stupa constructed under Shungas shows influence of Greeks on Indian artCaves at Nagarjuni hills was dedicated by Ashoka amp his grandson Dashratha Maurya to the Ajivika MonksMOCK Q443- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Consider the following statements :1Singhi Chham folk dance pays homage to the Kanchenjunga peaks which when bathed in sunlight look like a snow lion2 Wancho dance belongs to the state of Arunachal PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CSinghi Chham folk dance pays homage to the Kanchenjunga peaks which when bathed in sunlight look like a snow lionWancho dance belongs to the state of Arunachal PradeshMOCK Q442- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q With reference to the Kangra Paintings consider the following statements :1Paintings were made on the walls of palaces inner chambers of forts amp havellis2 Theme of painting is mainly elements of nature3 Surface of the painting is often divided into the several compartments of different colors in order to separate one scene from another Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans DRajasthani Paintings : -Paintings were made on the walls of palaces inner chambers of forts amp havellis- Surface of the painting is often divided into the several compartments of different colors in order to separate one scene from another Kangra Paintings :Kangra painting is the pictorial art of Kangra named after Kangra Himachal Pradesh a former princely state which patronized the art It became prevalent with the fading of Basohli school of painting in mid-18th centuryand soon produced such a magnitude in paintings both in content as well as volume that the Pahari painting school came to be known as Kangra paintingsThe distinguishing features of the Kangra painting were: Soft colours including cool blues and greens Lyrical treatment of themesTheme of painting is mainly elements of natureMOCK Q441- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Madhubani Paintings 1 These are the short lived water color paintings produced in the 19th century by the artists of the Bihar2 No space is left empty in these paintings as the gaps are filled with the paintings of flower animals birds amp even geometric designs3 Three dimensional images are used in these types of paintingsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans AMadhubani PaintingMadhubani painting is one of the many famous Indian art forms As it is practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal it is called Mithila or Madhubani art Often characterized by complex geometrical patterns these paintings are known for representing ritual content for particular occasions including festivals religious rituals etc The colors used in Madhubani paintings are usually derived from plants and other natural sources These colors are often bright and pigments like lampblack and ochre are used to create black and brown respectively Instead of contemporary brushes objects like twigs matchsticks and even fingers are used to create the paintings Kalighat Paintings : These are the short lived water color paintings produced in the 19th century by the artists in CalcuttaMOCK Q440- FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTURE WEBSITE Q Which among the following is/are correct with respect to the Basholi style of painting 1 This style of painting was inspired by the naturalistic style of the mughal painting2Human figures were shown with tight lips eyes half open small chin amp thin wristSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DGuler style : This style of painting was inspired by the naturalistic style of the mughal paintingBikaner School : Human figures were shown with tight lips eyes half open small chin amp thin wristBasholi style of painting : Basohli Paintings is a fusion of Hindu mythology Mughal miniature techniques and folk art of the local hills evolved in the 17th and 18th centuries as a distinctive style of painting This style of painting derives its name from the place of its origin – hill town of Basohli about 80 Km from the centre of district Kathua in the state of Jammu amp KashmirThe most popular themes of Basohli Paintings come from Shringara literature like Rasamanjari or Bouquet of Delight a long love poem written in 15th century by Bhanudatta of Tirhut Bihar Gita Govinda and Ragamala These paintings are marked by striking blazing colors red borders bold lines and rich symbols The faces of the figures painted are characterized by the receding foreheads and large expressive eyes shaped like lotus petals The painting themselves are mostly painted in the primary colors of Red Blue and YellowThis style of painting was first introduced to the world in the annual report 1918-19 of the Archaeological Survey of India published in 1921 At that time this style was yet to be properly categorized and studied Ananda K Coomaraswamy was the first to publish them in Rajput Paintings in 1916MOCK Q439- FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM-MODERN INDIA Q What was the reason for the congress to accept dominion status A It would offer a chance to keep India in the commonwealth B It would allow for some much needed continuity in the bureaucracy amp the army C It would provide the economic strength defence potential amp greater value of trade amp Investment in IndiaD All of the aboveAns BThe Congress was willing to accept Dominion Status for a while despite its being against the spirit of Lahore Congress 1929 declaration of “Purna Swaraj” because:-• Congress wanted a quick transfer of power in a peaceful manner• It was important for congress to assume authority and power to check the explosive situation due to communal tension• Dominion Status gave breathing time to the new administration as British officers and civil service officials could stay on till Indians get settled in their new positionsFor Britain Dominion Status offered a chance of keeping India in the Commonwealth even if temporarily Though Jinnah offered to bring Pakistan into the Commonwealth a greater store was laid by India’s membership of the Commonwealth as India’s economic strength and defence potential were deemed sounder and Britain had a greater value of trade and Investment thereMOCK Q438- FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM-MODERN INDIA Q Which among the following is/are correct with reference to the Plan Balkan 1 It was completed and presented on 15-16 April 1947 by Mountbatten to assembly of provincial governors in Delhi2 This plan was welcomed by the Nehru amp other leaders Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D Plan Balkan was completed and presented on 15-16 April 1947 by Hastings Ismay to assembly of provincial governors in Delhi Due to this this plan was also called “Ismay Plan”• Balkan plan was an alternative plan to Cabinet mission Between March and May of 1947 Mountbatten decided that the Cabinet Mission Plan had become untenable and formulated an alternative plan This plan envisaged the transfer of power to separate provinces or to a confederation if formed before the transfer with Punjab and Bengal given the option to vote for partition of their provinces• The various units thus formed along with the princely states rendered independent by lapse of paramountcy would have the option of joining India or Pakistan or remaining separate The plan was quickly abandoned after Nehru reacted violently to itMOCK Q437- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU-CURRENT AFFAIRS Q With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Karam Yogi Maandhan Scheme consider the following statements :1 Under this scheme shopkeepers amp retail traders will receive a guaranteed monthly pension of Rs 3000 after they reach the age of 60 years2 To get benefit of this scheme It is mandatory to get register between the age of 45 years to 59 years3 Pension benefits to retail traders amp small shopkeepers with annual turnover less than Rs 15 crores Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans APradhan Mantri Karam Yogi Maandhan Scheme :Pension benefits to retail traders amp small shopkeepers with annual turnover less than Rs 15 crores Under this scheme shopkeepers amp retail traders will receive a guaranteed monthly pension of Rs 3000 after they reach the age of 60 yearsMOCK Q436- FRAMED FROM Krishna Reddy-Indian History Q With reference to the Tutinama “Tales of Parrot” consider the following statements :1 It is an illustrated version containing 200 miniature paintings that was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the later part of the 16th century2 It is the 14th century Persian series of 52 stories Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BTutinama “Tales of Parrot”is an illustrated version containing 250 miniature paintings that was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the later part of the 16th centuryIt is the 14th century Persian series of 52 stories -Adventure stories naraated by the parrot were : Ninght after Night For 52 successive nights are moralistic stories to persuade his owner Khojasta not to commit any adulterous act with any lover in the absence of her husbandMOCK Q435- FRAMED FROM Krishna Reddy-Indian History Q Who among the following Mughal Emperor put emphasis upon aristocracy amp secularism through the Mughal school of paintingA JahangirB AkbarC AurangzebD ShahjahanAns BMughal school of paintings originated in AD during the reign of AkbarThese paintings are based on the close observation of nature amp fine amp delicate drawing These paintings are themed upon aristocracy amp secularismMOCK Q434- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Consider the following statements :1 Under the Vote of Credit Lok Sabha authorizes the council of ministers to continue to incur expenditure out of the consolidated fund of India till next appropriation bill is adopted2In Budget 2017 Lok Sabha adopted Vote of CreditSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DVote of Credit – It is granted for meeting an unexpected demand upon the resources of India when on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in a budget Hence it is like a blank cheque given to the Executive by the Lok SabhaSo far it has not been adopted in IndiaUnder the Vote of Account Lok Sabha authorizes the council of ministers to continue to incur expenditure out of the consolidated fund of India till next appropriation bill is adoptedMOCK Q433- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Which among the following motions can be moved in Lok Sabha only 1 Call Attention Motion 2 Adjournment Motion3 Cut Motions4 Censure MotionSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2 amp 4B 134C 234D 1234Ans CAdjournment Motion Cut Motions Censure Motion- can be moved in Lok Sabha onlyCall attention motion in the Rajya Sabha is called Motion For Papersi Adjournment Motion:At the end of the question-hour in the Parliament motion moved by a member when it is desired to draw the attention of the Executive for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importanceii Privilege Motion:A motion moved by a member if he feels that a Minister has committed a breach of privilege of the House or of any one or more of its members by withholding the facts of a case or by giving a distorted version of facts etciii Censure Motion:A motion which seeks to censure the government for its “lapse” If the motion is passed in the Popular House the Cabinet resignsiv ‘No-Confidence’ Motion:A motion moved by a member to express lack of confidence in the government for any reason The motion if allowed be debated upon At the conclusion of such debate a vote of confidence is sought by the government and if it fails to get the required majority of votes it has to resignv Calling Attention Motion:A member may with prior permission of the Speaker call the attention of a Minister to any matter of urgent public importance and the Minister may make a brief Statement regarding the matter or ask for time to make a Statementvi Cut Motion:A motion that seeks reduction in the amount of a demand presented by the government is known as a cut motion Such motions are admitted at the Speaker’s discretion It is a device through which members candraw the attention of the government to a specific grievance or problem There are three types of Cut Motion:a Disapproval of Policy Cut:It means to express disapproval of the policy underlyingb Economy Cut:Asks for a reduction of the amount of the demand by a specific amountc Token Cut:Is a device to ventilate specific grievances within the sphere of the government’s responsibility The grievances have to be specified Usually the motion envisages a small reduc¬tion in the demandMOCK Q432- FRAMED FROM SHANKAR IAS Q Which among the following statements is/are correct with reference to the Climate Investment Funds 1 The operation of the Financial Mechanism is partly entrusted to the Global Environment Facility GEF2 These funds were approved by MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in 2008 to address climate changeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThe Climate Investment Funds CIFs were designed by developed and developing countries and are implemented with the multilateral development banks MDBs to bridge the financing and learning gap between now and the next international climate change agreement CIFs are two distinct funds: the Clean Technology Fund and the Strategic Climate FundThe CIFs are additional to existing Official Development Assistance ODA and aim to enable countries to continue on their development path and achieve the Millennium Development Goals These funds will be operated in close coordination with existing bilateral and multilateral effortsThe funds were approved by the World Bank Board of Directors in July 2008 and on September 26 2008 received pledges of US65 billionThe Climate Investment Funds include the:• Clean Technology Fund• Strategic Climate Fund• Forest Investment Program• Pilot Program for Climate Resilience• Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program and• Private SectorMOCK Q431- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Which among the following statements is/are correct with reference to the Charged Expenditure 1It is that part of the appropriation bill which does not require approval of the Parliament2 If the appropriation bill is defeated in the Lok Sabha it has no impact on the charged expenditureSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CCharged Expenditure :It is that part of the appropriation bill which does not require approval of the ParliamentIf the appropriation bill is defeated in the Lok Sabha it has no impact on the charged expenditureMOCK Q430- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q With reference to the Parliamentary form of Government consider the following statements :1Members of executive amp legislature may be different hence coordination between them may be weak2Executive has a definite majority in Lok Sabha thus a check of legislature over executive is weakSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BPresidential Government : Members of executive amp legislature are different hence coordination between them may be weakParliamentary form of Government : Members of executive are appointed from the legislature the ability of executive to influence legislature is highExecutive has a definite majority in Lok Sabha thus a check of legislature over executive is weakMOCK Q429- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q With reference to the Deputy Prime Minister consider the following statements :1 It is the second highest rank in the council of Ministers who are given full powers in the absence of Prime Minister2 It is not a constitutional position3 Deputy Prime Minister also enjoys the rank of a Cabinet MinsterSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 1 amp 3C Only 3D 2 amp 3Ans DIst statement is a fabricated statementMinisters of State : They are the second highest ranking ministers who are not given independent charge of ministry or department Deputy Prime Minister is not a constitutional positionSupreme Court has held that Deputy Prime Minister also enjoys the rank of a Cabinet MinsterMOCK Q428- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Who among the following is considered as the custodian of the Constitution of India A Chief Justice of IndiaB Supreme Court of IndiaC President of IndiaD Attorney General of IndiaAns CPresident of India is considered as the custodian of the Constitution of India Supreme Court is considered as the Guardian of the Constitution of India MOCK Q427- FRAMED FROM LAXMIKANT-INDIAN POLITY Q Consider the following statements :1 Discretionary powers of the President of India are exercised without the aid amp advice of council of ministers242nd amendment act restored the discretion of President to refer the advice back to the council of Ministers Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A44th amendment act restored the discretion of President to refer the advice back to the council of Ministers Discretionary powers of the President of India are exercised without the aid amp advice of council of ministersMOCK Q426- FRAMED FROM RAMESH SINGH-INDIAN ECONOMY Q With reference to the Trade Facilitation Agreement TFA consider the following statements :1 TFA was the first multilateral trade deal in 21 years signed in Bali in 2013 for easing cross border custom rules for faster movement of goods2TFA requires developed countries should reduce the domestic support given to agriculture in the form of Green box subsidies3 It contains provisions for technical amp financial assistance in trade facilitation Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 2B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 1 amp 3Ans CTrade Facilitation Agreement TFA : TFA was the first multilateral trade deal in 21 years signed in Bali in 2013 for easing cross border custom rules for faster movement of goodsTFA contains provisions for technical assistance amp capacity building in trade facilitationProvision of Fourth Ministerial Meeting in Doha Qatar 2001 : TFA requires developed countries should reduce the domestic support given to agriculture in the form of Green box subsidiesMOCK Q425- FRAMED FROM RAMESH SINGH-INDIAN ECONOMY Q Which one of the following does not comes under the category of Back Office Outsourcing A Call centre servicesB Banking C Media amp Entertainment D Travel amp HospitalityAns ACall centre services : Front Office OutsourcingBack Office Business Process Outsourcing BPO ServicesAn organization’s back office management can significantly impact its success Large volumes of data accrue on a daily basis from various transactional processes such as order fulfilment applications processing transaction processing billing and collections that require effective back office solutions Invensis is a reputed leader in empowering numerous global businesses and organizations through high quality back office BPO services that promote enhanced business efficiency and improved bottom-lineback office outsourcing services extend across industries such as:• Finance• Banking• Insurance• Healthcare• Manufacturing amp Chemical• Travel amp Hospitality• Media amp Entertainment• Utilities• Logistics and Customs Brokerage• Automotive• Education• Mortgage• GovernmentMOCK Q424- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q Which of the following best describes the Blue Carbon Initiative A It is an international initiative to prevent climate change through conservation restoration of marine ecosystems by focusing on Mangroves Salt marshes amp SeagrassesB It refers to the technique of capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere amp keeping it stored over a long period timeC It is an initiative to understand quantify amp manage greenhouse gas emissions so that rise in temperature by the end of century does not exceed 20 c or even 150c above pre-industrial levelsD It is an international initiative by providing technical amp financial support to targeted developing countries to integrate climate change into their development policies amp budgetsAns AIt is an international initiative to prevent climate change through conservation restoration of marine ecosystems by focusing on Mangroves Salt marshes amp SeagrassesThe Initiative is coordinated by Conservation International CI the International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization IOC-UNESCO The Initiative works through two working groups: the International Blue Carbon Scientific Working Group and the International Blue Carbon Policy Working GroupMOCK Q423- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q Consider the following :Protected Area Network Fauna1 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve : Saltwater crocodile2 Seshachalam hills : Sloth bear3 Cold Desert : Snow LeopardWhich of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ASeshachalam hills : Slender LorisPanna : Tiger Chittal Chinkara Sambhar amp Sloth BearMOCK Q422- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q With reference to the Hope Spots consider the following statements :1 Andaman amp Nicobar Islands amp Lakshadweep Islands have very recently been named as the new Hope Spots2 These are declared under the Wildlife protection Act 1972Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-Andaman amp Nicobar Islands amp Lakshadweep Islands have recently Not very recently been named as the new Hope Spots-List of Hope spots is prepared by the IUCN amp Mission Blue-Hope Spots are areas of an ocean that need special protection because of their wildlife amp significant underwater habitatsMOCK Q421- FRAMED FROM Shankar IAS Q In which of the following region in India are you most likely to come across the ‘Golden Langur’ in its natural habitat A Grasslands of Western GhatsB Malabar region of KeralaC Western AssamD Sand deserts of north-west IndiaAns CGolden langur is an Old World monkey found in a small region of western Assam India and in the neighboring foothills of the Black Mountains of Bhutan It is one of the most endangered primate speciesof India The regions of its distribution are very small the main region is limited to an area approximately 60 miles square bounded on the south by the Brahmaputra River on the east by the Manas River on the west by the Sankosh River all in Assam India and on the north by the Black Mountains of BhutanMOCK Q420- FRAMED FROM Indian Express Q On account of which of the following reasons Chabahar port is relevant for India 1 Chabahar port will increase dependence of Afghanistan which is a landlocked country on Pakistan2 In October 2017 India began shipment of Rice Wheat amp Pulses to Afghanistan through the Iranian portof Chabahar3 Indian presence at Chabahar port will help in countering Chinese presence at Gwadar port of PakistanSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans A-Chabahar port will reduce dependence of Afghanistan which is a landlocked country on Pakistan- In October 2017 India began shipment of Wheat to Afghanistan through the Iranian port of Chabahar- Indian presence at Chabahar port will help in countering Chinese presence at Gwadar port of PakistanMOCK Q419- FRAMED FROM Indian Express Q With reference to the Official Development Assistance consider the following statements :1 ODA was coined by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation amp Development OECD for the first time in 19592Japan is the only developed nation that signed a free trade agreement FTA with IndiaSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BODA was coined by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation amp Development OECD for the first time is 1969India is the largest recipient of Japanese Official Development Assistance ODA MOCK Q418- FRAMED FROM Google Books Q With reference to the Dongria Kondh consider the following statements :1 These are the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal groups worshiping Niyam Raja of sacred Niyamgiri mountain 2 Racially these belong to the Mongoloid group amp linguistically they belong to the Tibeto-Burman groupSelect the correct answer using the code given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AKarbi tribe : Racially these belong to the Mongoloid group amp linguistically they belong to the Tibeto-Burman groupDongria Kondh : Of Odisha These are the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal groups who worship Niyam Raja of sacred Niyamgiri mountain They also won legal battle against Vedanta group over Bauxite mining in the region MOCK Q417- FRAMED FROM Google Books Q Every year a community celebrates a festival Hari Jyoti for planting fruit bearing trees at the beginning of the rains amp the new sowing season Which of the following is such community/ tribe A GondsB Dongria KondhC BondaD KarbiAns AGonds : Of Madhya PradeshKorku tribe : Of Madhya PradeshKarbi tribe : Of AssamLimbo tribe : Of SikkimBonda : Of OdishaDongria Kondh : Of OdishaKorku tribe : Of Madhya PradeshMOCK Q416- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q To fulfill the Government of India’s mission amp to promote the spirit of entrepreneurship in the country Academia Alliance Programme has been formed With whose initiative Academia Alliance Programme has been formed A Niti AyogB Confederation of Indian IndustriesC Startup IndiaD Ministry of New amp Renewable EnergyAns CTo fulfill the Governmentof India’s mission to promote the spirit of entrepreneurship in the country Startup India launched the Startup Academia Alliance programme a unique mentorship opportunity between academic scholars and startups working in similar domains The Startup Academia Alliance aims to reduce the gap between scientific research and its industrial applications in order to increase the efficacy of these technologies and to widen their impact By creating a bridge between academia and industry the Alliance strives to create lasting connections between the stakeholders of the startup ecosystem and implement the third pillar on which the Startup India Action Plan is based – Industry Academia Partnerships and Incubation The first phase of Startup Academia Alliance was kickstarted through partnering with Regional Centre for Biotechnology The Energy and Resources Institute TERI Council on Energy Environment and Water and TERI School of Advanced Studies Renowned scholars from these institutes in fields such as renewableenergy biotechnology healthcare and life sciences were taken on board to provide mentorship and guidance to startups working in relevant arenasMOCK Q415- FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM HISTORY Q Consider the following statements :1 In 1916 session Congress accepted theMuslim League demand of separate electorates 2 Communal award accepted all the muslim communal demands contained in the 14 pointsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CIn 1916 session Congress accepted the Muslim League demand of separate electorates amp the Congress amp The League presented joint demands to the governmentCommunal award accepted all the muslim communal demands contained in the 14 pointsMOCK Q414- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the South Asia Sub Regional Economic Cooperation SASEC consider the following statements :1 SASEC program set up in 2001 to promote regional prosperity by improving cross border connectivity 2 World Trade Organisation serves as the secretariat for the SAESC member CountriesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns ASASEC program set up in 2001 to promote regional prosperity by improving cross border connectivityIt brings together Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Myanmar Nepal Srilanka Manila Phillipines based Asian development Bank ADB serves as the secretariat for the SAESC member CountriesMOCK Q413- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the Permanent Court of Arbitration PCA consider the following statements :1 PCA was established by treaty at the first Hague Peace Conference at Netherlands2 The order is not binding on the countries as it can be appealed in the UN tribunal3 121 member states are the part of the PCA including IndiaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans APermanent Court of Arbitration PCA:PCA was established by treaty at the first Hague Peace Conference at Netherlands in 1899The order is binding on the countries as there is no appeal process in the UN tribunal121 member states 119 members of the United Nations as well as Kosovo amp Palestine are the part of the PCA India is a part to the PCA according to the Hague Convention on 1899 MOCK Q412- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Housing amp Urban Development APMCHUD consider the following statements :1 Sixth edition of the conference held in New Delhi in 2016 with the theme “ A Vision for sustainable Urbanisation in The Asia Pacific by 2020”2 It was established under the aegis amp support of UN HabitatSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are in correctAns BSixth edition of the conference held in New Delhi in 2016 with the theme “ Emerging Urban Forms –Policy Reforms amp Governance Structures in the Context of New Urban Agenda”2006 THEME : “ A Vision for sustainable Urbanisation in The Asia Pacific by 2020MOCK Q411- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With respect to the International Trade Centre consider the following statements :1 ITC is the joint technical corporation agency of the UN conference on trade amp Development UNCTAD amp World Trade Organisation WTO2 They are subordinate to the United Nations amp derive most of their financial resources other than the Union Nation BudgetsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are in correctAns AITC is the joint technical corporation agency of the UN conference on trade amp Development UNCTAD amp World Trade Organisation WTOITC’s regular programme is financed in equal parts by WTO amp UNMOCK Q410- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which among the following crops have been classified under the category of Minor Forest products 1 Tendu Patta2 Bamboo3 Pulpwood 4 SoapnutSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 124B Only 1 amp 3C 134D Only 1 amp 4Ans AThe Major Forest Products comprise Pulpwood Sandalwood Social Forestry that incudes Fuel and Timber The Minor Forest Products include the items such as tamarind curry leaf Tendu Patta gallnut Cane Soapnut tree moss and now Bamboo alsoMOCK Q409- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the news what is “INSTEX” A It is a 2000 ft long device to start clean up in the North Pacific OceanB It is a transaction channel that will allow companies to continue trading with Iran despite US sanctionsC It is a natural gas pipeline being developed with the participation of the Asian Development BankD It is the rule book that sets out how countries will provide information about their Nationally Determined Contributions Ans B• The transaction channel will allow European businesses to trade with Iran despite strict US sanctions• Though the payment channel is a project of Britain France and Germany it will receive the formal endorsement of all 28 EU members• It will support legitimate European trade with Iran focusing initially on the sectors most essential to the Iranian population such as pharmaceutical medical devices and agri-food goods• In the longer term INSTEX aims to be open to third countries wanting to trade with Iran• However INSTEX is not yet operational as it needs Iran to set up a parallel structure of its own which may take some time to complete• While it is aimed at small and medium-sized companies it is expected to send an important message to Iran about Europe’s commitment to keep the nuclear deal aliveObjective The launch of the special payment channel is a clear and practical demonstration of Europe’s commitment to continuing the nuclear dealIt however does not in any way preclude the European Union from addressing Iran’s hostile and destabilising activitiesEurope has toughened its tone on Iran’s ballistic missile programme human rights record and interference in Middle East conflictsMOCK Q408- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan Yojana consider the following statements :1 Spouse will not be entitled to receive pension in case of death2 Workers covered under the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation will not be entitled to pension3 It is 100 funded by the Union government Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 2D 1 amp 2Ans C• The unorganised sector workers with income of less than Rs 15000 per month and who belong to the entry age group of 18-40 years will be eligible for the scheme • Those workers should not be covered under New Pension Scheme NPS Employees’ State Insurance Corporation ESIC scheme or Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation EPFO• He or she should not be an income tax payerThe workers of unorganised sector can be home based workers street vendors mid-day meal workers head loaders brick kiln workers cobblers rag pickers domestic workers washer men rickshaw pullers landless labourers own account workers agricultural workers construction workers beedi workers handloom workers leather workers audio- visual workers and similar other occupationsBenefits under Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan YojanaMinimum Assured Pension: Each subscriber under the scheme will receive minimum assured pension of Rs 3000 per month after attaining the age of 60 yearsIn case of death during receipt of pension: If the subscriber dies during the receipt of pension his or her spouse will be entitled to receive 50 percent of the pension as family pension This family pension is applicable only to spouseIn case of death before the age of 60 years: If a beneficiary has given regular contribution and dies before attaining the age of 60 years his or her spouse will be entitled to continue the scheme subsequently by payment of regular contribution or may even exit the schemeEqual contribution by the Central Government: Under the PM-SYM the prescribed age-specific contribution by the beneficiary and the matching contribution by the Central Government will be made on a ‘50:50 basis’MOCK Q407- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which of the following best describes SHREYAS scheme A It is the scheme launched by HRD Ministry to promote entrepreneurship by mentoring nurturing and facilitating startupsB It is the scheme implemented by Sector Skill Council for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and SkillsC It is the scheme launched by HRD ministry for translational and advanced research in Science to fund science projectsD It is the scheme implemented by Institution’s Innovation Council for self-actualisation providing opportunities for a life-long learningAns CSHREYAS: Scheme for Higher Education Youth in Apprenticeship and SkillsFunctioning of the Scheme:The scheme will be operated in conjunction with National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme NAPS which provides for placing of apprentices or trainees up to 10 percent of the total work force in every industry The scheme will be implemented by the Sector Skill Councils SSCs initially in the Banking Finance Insurance Services BFSI Retail Health care Telecom Logistics Media Management services ITeS and Apparel More sectors would be added over time with emerging apprenticeship demandMOCK Q406- FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q With reference to the Sandbag Climate Campaign consider the following statements :1 It was launched as a campaign on the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme2 It addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilitiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A–Sandbag or Sandbag Climate Campaign is a Community Interest Company campaigning for changes to European climate change policy especially emissions trading The organisation was launched in 2008 by Bryony Worthington and was the first and founding member of The Guardian’s Environment NetworkSandbag was launched as a campaign on the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme allowing its members to campaign to reduce the number of permits in circulation and to purchase permits and cancel themClimate Vulnerable Forum CVF: The forum addresses the negative effects of global warming as a result of heightened socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilitiesMOCK Q405- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana consider the following statements :1 It will provide assured income to all Institutional Land holders of Rs 6000 per year2 It is based on providing guaranteed amount of Rs 1000/- or Rs2000 per hectare in case of drought or loss of crop by the animalsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D• The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi will provide assured income to small and marginal farmers• All Small and Marginal Farmers SMF with 2 hectares of cultivable land will be provided income support of Rs 6000 per year• The amount will be transferred directly into their account in 3 equal installments• The complete expenditure of Rs 75000 crore for the scheme will borne by the Union Government in 2019-20• Over 12 crore farmer families will be benefitted under the schemeThe scheme is being implemented with effect from December 2018The following categories of beneficiaries of higher economic status shall not be eligible for benefit under the scheme A All Institutional Land holders B Farmer families in which one or more of its members belong to following categories: 1 Former and present holders of constitutional posts2 Former and present Ministers/ State Ministers and former/present Members of LokSabha/ RajyaSabha/ State Legislative Assemblies/ State Legislative Councilsformer and present Mayors of Municipal Corporations former and present Chairpersons of District Panchayats3 All serving or retired officers and employees of Central/ State Government Ministries /Offices/Departments and its field units Central or State PSEs and Attached offices /Autonomous Institutions under Government as well as regular employees of the Local Bodies Excluding Multi Tasking Staff /Class IV/Group D employees4 All superannuated/retired pensioners whose monthly pension is ₹10000/-or more Excluding Multi Tasking Staff / Class IV/Group D employees of above category5 All Persons who paid Income Tax in last assessment year6 Professionals like Doctors Engineers Lawyers Chartered Accountants and Architects registered with Professional bodies and carrying out profession by undertaking practicesMOCK Q404- FRAMED FROM Spectrum- Modern India Q Swadeshi Sangam was formed to ispire the local masses through magic lantern lectures Swadeshi songsWho was/were the members of the Swadeshi Sangam 1 VO Chidambaram Pillai2 Abanindranath Tagore3 Subramania SivaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans AIn Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu VO Chidambaram Pillai Subramania Siva amp Some lawyers formed the Swadeshi Sangam which inspired the local massesMOCK Q403- FRAMED FROM Spectrum- Modern India Q With reference to the Indian National Movement What was Official Secrets Act A Under this act Natu brothers were deported without trial amp Tilak imprisoned on charges of seditionB Repressive laws under IPC section 124 A were amplified with new provisions under IPC 156 AC It was the administrative measure to curb the freedom of pressD Under this act It ensured greater government control over the universitiesAns COfficial Secrets Act : 1904 It was the administrative measure to curb the freedom of press1897 : Natu brothers were deported without trial amp Tilak imprisoned on charges of sedition1898 : Repressive laws under IPC section 124 A were amplified with new provisions under IPC 156 AIndian Universities Act 1904 : greater government control over the universitiesMOCK Q402- FRAMED FROM The Hindu Q With reference to the Halogen Light Bulbs consider the following statements :1 White coating also known as Phosphor coating on the glass absorbs UV light amp protect from the UV rays2 They have the same tungsten filament as the typical incandescent light bulbs 3 Fluorescent coating is often used in these bulbs to add brightnessSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B 123C Only 2D 1 amp 2Ans CFluorescent bulbs : White coating also known as Phosphor coating on the glass absorbs UV light amp protect from the UV raysVapour lamps : Fluorescent coating is often used in these bulbs to add brightnessA halogen lamp also known as a tungsten halogen quartz-halogen or quartz iodine lamp is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed into a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an inert gas and a small amount of a halogensuch as iodine or bromine The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten filament produces a halogen cycle chemical reaction which redeposits evaporated tungsten to the filament increasing its life and maintaining the clarity of the envelope For this to happen a halogen lamp must be operated at a higher envelope temperature 250° C 482° F1 than a standard vacuum incandescent lamp of similar power and operating life this also produces light with higher luminous efficacy and color temperature The small size of halogen lamps permits their use in compact optical systems for projectors and illumination The small glass envelope may be enclosed in a much larger outer glass bulb for a bigger package the outer jacket will be at a much lower and safer temperature and it also protects the hot bulb from harmful contamination and makes the bulb mechanically more similar to a conventional lamp that it might replaceStandard and halogen incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than LED and compact fluorescent lamps and have been banned in many jurisdictions because of thisMOCK Q401- FRAMED FROM The Hindu Q Consider the following statements :1 Origin of Bitcoin is virtually anonymous amp is not monitored by any Central bank or Government2 Anyone with a bitcoin address can send amp receive bitcoins from anyone else with a bitcoin address Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CBitcoin is a cryptocurrency a form of electronic cash It is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto and released as open-source software in 2009 Bitcoins are created as a reward for a process known as mining They can be exchanged for other currencies products and services Research produced by the University of Cambridge estimates that in 2017 there were 29 to 58 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet most of them using bitcoin Bitcoin has been criticized for its use in illegal transactions its high electricity consumption price volatility thefts from exchanges and the possibility that bitcoin is an economic bubble Bitcoin has also been used as an investment although several regulatory agencies have issued investor alerts about bitcoinMOCK Q400- FRAMED FROM M LAXMIKANTH Q Consider the following statements :1In India Only the powers of the Federal Government are enumerated in the constitution amp the residuary powers are left to the states 2 Government of India Act 1935 provided for three fold enumeration ie Federal Provincial amp CurrentSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correct D Both are incorrectAns B-In US Only the powers of the Federal Government are enumerated in the constitution amp the residuary powers are left to the states -Power to make laws with respect to the residuary subjects which are not enumerated in any of the three list is vested in the ParliamentMOCK Q399- FRAMED FROM M LAXMIKANTH Q Which among the following statement best describes “Discretionary Grants” A It empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistance B These are the grants in lieu of export duties on Jute amp Jute products to the states of Assam BiharOrissa amp West BengalC Theses are the grants for promoting welfare of the scheduled tribes in a stateD These are the grants that empower both the centre amp states to make any grants for any public purpose even if it is not within their respective legislative competenceAns DStatutory Grants : Article 75 empowers the Parliament to make grants to the states which are in need of financial assistanceOther Grants : These are the grants in lieu of export duties on Jute amp Jute products to the states of Assam Bihar Orissa amp West BengalDiscretionary Grants :These are the grants that empower both the centre amp states to make any grants for any public purpose even if it is not within their respective legislative competenceMOCK Q398- FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the news what is Talanoa dialogue A It is a process designed to help countries enhance and implement their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2020B It is a process to help countries by forming the rule book to implement the Paris Climate AgreementC It gives countries a common framework for reporting and reviewing progress towards their climate targetsD It provides a global platform for the conservation of Migratory animals amp their habitatsAns A–The 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference COP23 was an international meeting of political leaders non-state actors and activists to discuss environmental issues It was held at UN Campus in Bonn Germany from 6–17 November 2017Although COP23 focused primarily on technical details of the Paris Agreement COP23 concluded with what was called the ‘Fiji Momentum for Implementation’ which outlined the steps that need to be taken in 2018 to make the Paris Agreement operational and launched the –Talanoa Dialogue – a process designed to help countries enhance and implement their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2020MOCK Q397 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Consider the following statements :1 Mangroves for the Future MFF has participation of Asian amp African nations only2 IUCN amp United Nation Development Programme UNDP developed MFF in 20063 MFF not only conserves Mangrove forests but includes all types of coastal ecosystems like coral reefsestuaries wetlands etcSelect the correct answer using the correct codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DMangroves for the Future MFFLocation: Member countries: Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Pakistan Seychelles Sri Lanka Thailand and Viet Nam Outreach countries: Malaysia Dialogue countries: Kenya and TanzaniaDuration: Established in 2006 MFF is currently in its third phase 2015 – 2018 Project Background: The devastation caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 laid bare the vital link between coastal ecosystems and human livelihoods It was United States President Bill Clinton’s vision that rebuilding in tsunami-hit areas should improve natural infrastructure and strengthen resilience against future natural disasters In response to this vision IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme UNDP developed Mangroves for the Future in 2006 Since then MFF has grown to include eight institutional partners plus a growing number of countries At the launch of the Tsunami Legacy report at the United Nations in New York in April 2009 Bill Clinton acclaimed MFF as one of the most positive and forward-looking developments of the post-tsunami periodMangroves for the Future MFF is a unique partner-led initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation for sustainable development Co-chaired by IUCN and UNDP MFF provides a platform for collaboration among the many different agencies sectors and countries which are addressingchallenges to coastal ecosystem and livelihood issues The goal is to promote an integrated ocean-wide approach to coastal management and to building the resilience of ecosystem-dependent coastal communities Mangroves are the flagship of the initiative but MFF is inclusive of all types of coastal ecosystem such as coral reefs estuaries lagoons sandy beaches seagrass and wetlandsMOCK Q396 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which one of the following best describes the term Malacca Dilemma sometimes seen in news A It refers to the demarcation line used initially by the government of republic of China B ONGC Videsh Limited signed a contract with the petro Vietnam to jointly explore petroleum resourcesC It is the Nine Dash line area that covers most of the South China sea amp overlaps exclusive economic zoneD It signifies China’s dependency for the energy needs on West AsiaAns DThe “Malacca Dilemma” is a term coined by their President Hu Jintao2003 on the over-reliance on the Malacca Straitssea-route where 80 of their energy needsoil imports pass en-route from the Middle East Angola etcshipping lanes through the Malacca Straitsbetween Malaysia and Indonesia This area is also prone to piracy sometimesConflict in the region and their effect on China’s geopolitical and energy strategies and other issues that can crop up from time to time together constitute the “Malacca Dilemma”MOCK Q395 – FRAMED FROM GCCA WEBSITE Q Global Climate Change Alliance Initiative for country’s vulnerability to climate change is managed by the :A The European CommissionB The Global Environment FacilityC UNDPD World BankAns AThe Global Climate Change Alliance Plus GCCA is a European Union flagship initiative which is helpingthe world’s most vulnerable countries to address climate change Having started with just four pilot projects in 2008 it has become a major climate initiative that has funded over 70 projects of nationalregional and worldwide scope in Africa Asia the Caribbean and the Pacific This EU initiative helps mainly Small Islands Developing States SIDS and Least Developed Countries LDCs increase their resilience to climate change The GCCA also supports these group of countries in implementing their commitments resulting from the 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change COP21 in line with the2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the new European Consensus on DevelopmentThe GCCA initiative is making a significant contribution towards achieving the overall target of at least 20 of the EU budget spent for climate action All GCCA projects must primarily aim at facilitating the transition to a climate-resilient low-carbon future in line with the 2°C targetGCCA funding increased from EUR 3175 million in the first phase 2007-2014 to EUR 420 million in the second phase 2014-2020 Read more on financial resourcesMOCK Q394 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q Which among the following topics are exempted from the courses covered under the LEAP amp ARPIT PROGRAMME for higher education faculty 1 Establishment of the National Anti-profiteering Authority2 Internet of Things3 Tools techniques and experiments in reducing Greenhouse gases emission4 Methodology of Teaching SanskritSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 4B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 124Ans CHRD Ministry launches LEAP and ARPIT programmes for higher education facultyThe courses cover a diverse range of topics such as:Indian culture and Heritage Studies Tribal and Regional languages Urdu French StudiesPedagogical Innovations amp Research Methodology Tools techniques and experiments in Earth ScienceLatest Trends in Pedagogy and Assessment Mathematics Statistics Zoology Chemistry Physics Biotechnology Development and Counselling Marine Science Calculus Real Time Power Analysis and Smart GridNeural Networks and Deep Learning amp Knowledge discovery Civil Infrastructure for Smart City DevelopmentICT in Science and Maths teaching Engineering Mechanics Design Spectrum DIY Manufacturing TechnologyInnovation and Best Practices in Educational Skills Advanced Concepts in Fluid Mechanics Energy Systems EngineeringLeadership and Governance in Higher Education Engineering Mechanics Physics of Semiconductors and Devices Electrical EngineeringPublic Policy and Administration Bio-Medical engineering Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Sciences Chemical EngineeringEnglish Language Teaching Internet of ThingsHindi Literature amp Linguistics Astronomy and AstrophysicsMethodology of Teaching Sanskrit Aerospace Engineering Tourism and Hospitality ManagementEffective Creations and Innovative Researches in Medieval Gujarati Literature Political Science Economics Psychology Development Perspectives in AgricultureLibrary amp Information Science Ethics Human Rights and Environment Anthropology Gender/Women’s studies Law Social and Rural DevelopmentDisaster Management Climate change MOCK Q393 – FRAMED FROM NITIN SIGHANIA Q Which among the following is/are correctly matched :Community Place1 Dangasia Gujarat2 Gond Madhya Pradesh3 Mirgan OdishaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DDangasia GujaratGond Madhya PradeshMirgan Odisha MOCK Q392 – FRAMED FROM SPECTRUM HISTORY Q BR Ambedkar is associated With Which of the following 1 Bahishkrita Hitkarini Sabha2 Hindu Mahasabha3 Hindu Code billSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 1C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ALala Lajpat Rai involvement with Hindu Mahasabha leaders gathered criticism from the Naujawan Bharat Sabha as the Mahasabhas were non-secular which did not conform with the system laid out by the Indian National CongressHindu MahasabhaMOCK Q391 – FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q With reference to the Least Developed Countries Fund consider the following statements:1 This fund has been initiated in 2002 by the The Global Environment Facility GEF2 Adaptation amp Mitigation are one of the area of focus of this fundSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThis fund has been initiated in 2002 by the The Global Environment Facility GEFAdaptation is one of the area of focus of this fundMOCK Q390 – FRAMED FROM INDIAN CULTUREGOV Q Consider the following :Sites Place1 Aalampur Temple : Telanagana2 European Tomb : Gujarat3 Khajurao Monuments : Madhya PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans D Other Important Sites :Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum Complex : Madhya PradeshMahabalipuram : Tamil NaduUparkot : GujaratKumarakom : KeralaMOCK Q389 – FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q389 The Climate Chain Coalition CCC to support collaboration among members and stakeholders to advance blockchain and related digital solutions emerged at :A 2017 United Nations Climate Change ConferenceB One Planet SummitC COP-24 Katowice D Paris Climate SummitAn BThe Climate Chain Coalition CCC was born during the One Planet Summit in December in Paris France The Coalition engages a multi-stakeholder group working on distributed ledger technology DLT to collaborate on mobilizing climate financePlz Note : The 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference was an international meeting of political leaders non-state actors and activists to discuss environmental issues It was held at UN Campus in Bonn from 6–17 November 2017 Also known as: COP23 UNFCCC CMP13 Kyoto Protocol CMA2 Paris AgreementMOCK Q388 – FRAMED FROM IUCN WEBSITE Q “Partnership for Market Readiness” is an initiative which is managed by the :A Global Environment FacilityB World BankC United Nation Environment ProgrammeD UNDPAns BPartnership for Market Readiness ADMINISTERED BY: The World BankAREA OF FOCUS Mitigation DATE OPERATIONAL: 2011MOCK Q387 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q387 With reference to the religious practices in India Sarvastivadin belongs to which ancient school A TheravadaB MahayanismC RajagirikarsD HetuvadinsAns ASarvāstivāda were an early school of Buddhism established around the reign of Asoka third century BCEIt was particularly known as an Abhidharma tradition with a unique set of seven Abhidharma worksMOCK Q386 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q386 With reference to the Initial Coin Offerings ICO consider the following statements :1 It is like Initial Public Offer that refers to the issue of cryptocurrency in consideration of funds received from investors2 17 billion has been raised globally through ICOs between 2014 amp 2017Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A27 billion has been raised globally through ICOs between 2014 amp 2017- An initial coin offering ICO or initial currency offering is a type of funding using cryptocurrenciesMostly the process is done by crowdfunding but private ICO’s are becoming more common In an ICO a quantity of cryptocurrency is sold in the form of tokens coins to speculators or investors in exchange for legal tender or other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum The tokens sold are promoted as future functional units of currency if or when the ICO’s funding goal is met and the project launches In some cases like Ethereum the tokens are required to use the system for its purposesAn ICO can be a source of capital for startup companiesMOCK Q385 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q385 Nanotechnology can significantly increase manufacturing at far reduced costs What are the advantages of the Nanotechnology 1 Anti scratch components of the automobiles are possible using the Nanotechnology2 Bullet proof amp stain resistant clothing can be made using the Nanotechnology3 Nanotechnology offer cleaner technologies amp cleaner environmentSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ANano sized particles can acculumate in various body parts such as nasal cavities lungs amp brainDue to their minute size nano particles are able to accumulate in the environmentMOCK Q384 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q With reference to the “India International Exchange” consider the following statements :1 It was opened very recently at the International Financial Services Centre IFSC in Gujarat2 With this it will be the third largest International Exchange in the world in terms of order responseSelect the correct answer using the using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-It was opened IN 2017 at the International Financial Services Centre IFSC in GujaratBUT NOT VERY RECENTLY – With this it will be the fastest International Exchange in the world in terms of order response with the trade speed of four microseconds-This is better than BSE’s domestic exchange in Mumbai which has an order response time of six microseconds- Singapore is the second fastest International exchange has the order response of 60 microsecondsMOCK Q383 – FRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q383 In Context with the “Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage BECCS” consider the following statements :1 It is a greenhouse gas mitigation technology which produces negative carbon dioxide emissions2 BECSS works by involving the process of pyrogenic carbon capture and storage PyCCS or biocharSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns A-Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage BECCS is a potential greenhouse gas mitigation technology which produces negative carbon dioxide emissions by combining bioenergy energy from biomass use with geologic carbon capture and storage1 The concept of BECCS is drawn from the integration of trees and crops which extract carbon dioxide CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow the use of this biomass in processing industries or power plants and the application of carbon capture and storage via CO2injection into geological formations2 There are other non-BECCS forms of carbon dioxide removal and storage that include technologies such as biochar carbon dioxide air captureand biomass burial3 and enhanced weatheringAccording to a recent Biorecro report there is 550 000 tonnes CO2/year in total BECCS capacity currently operating divided between three different facilities as of January 2012In the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC BECCS was indicated as a key technology for reaching low carbon dioxide atmospheric concentration targets8 The negative emissions that can be produced by BECCS has been estimated by the Royal Society to be equivalent to a 50 to 150 ppmdecrease in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations9 and according to the International Energy Agency the BLUE map climate change mitigation scenario calls for more than 2 gigatonnes of negative CO2 emissions per year with BECCS in 205010 According to Stanford University 10 gigatonnes is achievable by this dateAccording to the OECD Achieving lower concentration targets 450 ppm depends significantly on the use of BECCS13An alternative to BECSS is pyrogenic carbon capture and storage PyCCS or biochar14 Which are superior in order to fix carbon in a more stable way: solid C for longer times Carbon dioxide injected into geologic formations eventually leaks back into the atmosphere due to seismic activity and natural faults and problems with the seal of the ancient injection pitsFRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q382 Consider the following :Tribes Place1 Bhoksa Uttarakhand2 Misting Sikkim3 Gonds Madhya PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 123Ans AMisting tribe is in AssamFRAMED FROM THE HINDU Q381 Which of the following best describes Forward linkages with respect to the economic activity 1 These refer to the transactions with the consumers2 For food processing industry these linkages are associated with the primary processing centresSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2 C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AForward linkages :-These refer to the transactions with the consumers- These linkages are associated with the retail storesBackward linkages :-These refer to the transactions with the suppliers-For food processing industry these linkages are associated with the primary processing centresFRAMED FROM LUCENT PUBLICATIONS Q380 Consider the following :Hill Ranges Place1 Rajpipla : Gujarat2 Mahadeo : Madhya Pradesh3 Maikala range : Andhra PradeshSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 123Ans CMaikala range : Madhya Pradesh amp ChhatisgarhFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q379 Consider the following statements :1 Loktak lake the biggest fresh water lake is home to the endangered Sangai deer2 Keibul Lamjao is an integral part of the Loktak LakeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1 B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CLok tak lake is the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India and is famous for the phumdis heterogeneous mass of vegetation soil and organic matter at various stages of decomposition floating over it The lake is located near Moirang in Manipurstate IndiaThe etymology of Loktak is Lok stream and tak the endThe largest of all the phumdis covers an area of 40 km215 sq mi and is situated on the southeastern shore of the lake Located on this phumdi Keibul Lamjao National Park is the only floating national park in the world The park is the last natural refuge of the endangered Sangai state animal Rucervus eldii eldii or Manipur brown-antlered deer Cervus eldi eldi one of three subspecies of Eld’s deerThe Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur in India It is 40 km2 154 sq mi in area the only floating park in the world located in North East India and an integral part of Loktak LakeThe national park is characterized by many floating decomposed plant materials locally called phumdis To preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Manipur Eld’s deer or brow-antlered deer Cervus eldi eldi or sangai also called the dancing deer listed as an endangered species by IUCN the park which was initially declared to be a sanctuary in 1966 was subsequently declared to be a national park in 1977 through a gazette notification The act has generated local support and public awarenessFRAMED FROM SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTUNORG Q378 “Championing Green Growth and Climate Resilience” to promote green growth emerged at :A Global Green Growth InstituteB GreenpeaceC European Environment Agency D World Sustainable Development Summit 2011Ans AThe Global Green Growth Institute GGGI is a treaty-based international organization headquartered in Seoul South Korea The organization aims to promote green growth a growth paradigm that is characterized by a balance of economic growth and environmental sustainability GGGI provides research and stakeholder engagement for green growth plans especially in developing countries aiming to replace the more typical paradigm based on industrial developmentFounded to support green economic growth that simultaneously addresses poverty reduction job creation social inclusion and environmental sustainability GGGI works across four priority areas that are considered to be essential to transforming national economies including energy water land use and green citiesMotto Championing Green Growth and Climate ResilienceFormation 16 June 2010Headquarters Seoul Republic of KoreaMembership 30 Member countriesCouncil chair Ban Ki MoonDirector-General Frank RijsbermanBudget USD 55 million 2018Q377 The term “Climate Neutrality” sometimes mentioned in the news are related to :A World Wild life FundB UNFCCC SecretariatC Biocarbon FundD World wildlife TrustAns BThe UNFCCC secretariat launched its Climate Neutral Now initiative in 2015 The following year the secretariatlaunched a new pillar under its Momentum for Change initiative focused on Climate Neutral Nowas part of larger efforts to showcase successful climate action around the worldThe UNFCCC secretariat UN Climate Change was established in 1992 when countries adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCCWith the subsequent adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015 Parties to these three agreements have progressively reaffirmed the secretariat’s role as the United Nations entity tasked with supporting the global response to the threat of climate changeSince 1995 the secretariat is located in Bonn GermanyThe secretariat provides technical expertise and assists in the analysis and review of climate change information reported by Parties and in the implementation of the Kyoto mechanisms It also maintains the registry for Nationally Determined Contributions NDC established under the Paris Agreement a key aspect of implementation of the Paris AgreementThe secretariat organizes and supports between two and four negotiating sessions each year The largest and most important is the Conference of the Parties held annually and hosted in different locations around the globe It is the largest annual United Nations conference attended on average by around 25000 participants In addition to these major conferences the secretariat organizes annual sessions of the so-called subsidiary bodies as well as a large number of meetings and workshops throughout the yearIn recent years the secretariat also supports the Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action agreed by governments to signal that successful climate action requires strong support from a wide range of actors including regions cities business investors and all parts of civil society At UN Climate Change Conferences a large number of events demonstrate how non-Party stakeholders are working with governments and the UN system to implement the Paris AgreementFRAMED FROM NDC PARTNERSHIPORG Q376 With reference to the Special Climate Change Fund consider the following statements :1 It was established in 1991 under UNFCCC to finance projects which enable the adaptation to climate change2 It is operated by United Nation Environment Programme UNEP amp World Meteorological Organisation WMOSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DIt was established in 2001 under UNFCCC to finance projects which enable the adaptation to climate changeIt is operated by Global Environment Facility GEFEXPLANATION :In 2001 Parties to the UNFCCC established the Special Climate Change Fund SCCF to support climate change activities that are complementary to the GEF’s climate change projects with a special focus on the most vulnerable countries The objective of the Special Climate Change Fund SCCF is to support adaptation and technology transfer projects and programs that: are countryFRAMED FROM IUCNORG Q375 Which among the following country is not the member of the “Mangroves for The Future” A Cambodia B MyanmarC LaosD MaldivesAns CMangroves for the Future MFFLocation: Member countries: Bangladesh Cambodia India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Pakistan Seychelles Sri Lanka Thailand and Vietnam Outreach countries: Malaysia Dialogue countries: Kenya and TanzaniaDuration: Established in 2006 MFF is currently in its third phase 2015 – 2018 Project Background: The devastation caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 laid bare the vital link between coastal ecosystems and human livelihoods It was United States President Bill Clinton’s vision that rebuilding in tsunami-hit areas should improve natural infrastructure and strengthen resilience against future natural disasters In response to this vision IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme UNDP developed Mangrovesfor the Future in 2006 Since then MFF has grown to include eight institutional partners plus a growing number of countries At the launch of the Tsunami Legacy report at the United Nations in New York in April 2009 Bill Clinton acclaimed MFF as one of the most positive and forward-looking developments of the post-tsunami periodMangroves for the Future MFF is a unique partner-led initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation for sustainable development Co-chaired by IUCN and UNDP MFF provides a platform for collaboration among the many different agencies sectors and countries which are addressing challenges to coastal ecosystem and livelihood issues The goal is to promote an integrated ocean-wide approach to coastal management and to building the resilience of ecosystem-dependent coastal communities Mangroves are the flagship of the initiative but MFF is inclusive of all types of coastal ecosystem such as coral reefs estuaries lagoons sandy beaches seagrass and wetlandsFRAMED FROM The Hindu Q374 Which among the following is/are classified under the Third Generation Vaccines 1 DTP vaccine2 DNA Vaccine3 Polio VaccineSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D Only 2Ans DDTP vaccine – Second generation VaccineDNA Vaccine- Third generation VaccinePolio Vaccine- First generation VaccineDNA vaccination is a technique for protecting against disease by injection with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen producing a protective immunological response DNA vaccines have potential advantages over conventional vaccines including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response typesSeveral DNA vaccines are available for veterinary use Currently no DNA vaccines have been approved for human use Research is investigating the approach for viral bacterial and parasitic diseases in humans as well as for several cancersApplicationsNo DNA vaccines have been approved for human use in the United States Few experimental trials have evoked a response strong enough to protect against disease and the technique’s usefulness remains to be proven in humans A veterinary DNA vaccine to protect horses from West Nile virus has been approvedFirst-Generation Vaccines Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are identified in the first generation which use a primary method in their production Attenuated pathogens full organisms or inactivated bacterial toxin which are effectively immunogenic are used in making these vaccines2nd Generation Vaccines:-The second generation vaccines were created in order to minimize the risks of having the pathogen revert to a dangerous formThe way these vaccines work is that they do not contain the whole organism but rather subunits Subunits may consist of the toxins that the pathogen create if they are bacterial Another example of subunit vaccines are those that only contain protein sections of the pathogen such as an acellular formA great example of a 2nd generation vaccine is DTaP The vaccine contains diptheria toxoid tetanus toxoid pertussis toxoid as well as the acellular version of pertussisAs with the issues with the 1st generation of vaccines the 2nd generation vaccines can generate antibody response and T-helper response but AGAIN no T-Killer responseFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS Q373 Which among the following is/are the examples of The Near Field Communication 1 Public transport card readers2 Smart phones3 Touch payment terminalsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DNear-field communication NFC is a set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices one of which is usually a portable device such as a smartphone to establish communication by bringing them within 4 cm 16 in of each other1NFC devices are used in contactless payment systems similar to those used in credit cards and electronic ticket smartcards and allow mobile payment to replace or supplement these systems This is sometimes referred to as NFC/CTLS Contactless or CTLS NFC NFC is used for social networking for sharing contacts photos videos or files2 NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity documents and keycards3 NFC offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used to bootstrap more capable wireless connectionsFRAMED FROM SHANKAR ENVIRONMENT Q372 With respect to the Global Tiger Forum GTF consider the following statements :1 It is an international symposium to save Tigers in the world with support of South Asian Countries2 Headquarter of the GTF is located in India because India has the largest tiger population in the world Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BGTF is an intergovernmental body to undertake worldwide campaign amp a common programme to save tigers in the worldInternational Symposium on Tiger held at New Delhi during February 1993 adopted a Delhi declaration on Tiger conservation Headquarter of the GTF is located in India because India has the largest tiger population in the world FRAMED FROM MAJID HUSSAIN’S INDIAN GEOGRAPHY Q371 Consider the following :1 Jai Samand Lake : Largest Artificial lake2 Pulicat lake : Has a largest number of islands within3 Vembanad lake : Largest KayalsWhich among the above is/are correctly matched A Only 2B 1 amp 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans BExplanation :1Kolleru lake has the largest number of islands within Kolleru lake is formed between deltas of Godavari amp Krishna riversKolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in state of Andhra Pradesh and formsthe largest shallow freshwater3 lake in Asia 15 kilometers away from the city of Eluru Kolleru is located between Krishna and Godavari deltas4 Kolleru spans into two districts – Krishna and West Godavari The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammilerustreams and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari irrigation systems by over 67 major and minor irrigation canals This lake is a major tourist attraction Many birds migrate here in winter such as Siberian crane ibisand painted storks The lake was an important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratorybirds including the grey or spot-billed pelican Pelecanus philippensis The lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India’s Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002 under the international Ramsar Convention The wildlife sanctuary covers an area of 308 km2Egrets grey herons painted storks and black-headed ibises gathering in thousands at Kolleru Lake Andhra Pradesh IndiaKolleru Lake under Ramsar Convention allowing local communities Here: Vaddi Community to continue their occupation of culture fish and caught fish covers 90100 hectares 222600 acres and Kolleru Lake underWildlife Sanctuary covers 166000 acres 67200 ha2Pulicat lake : Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India after Chilika Lake Pulicat Lagoon is considered to be the second largest brackish water body in India measuring 759 km2 The Lagoon is one the three important wetlands to attract North-East Monsoon rain clouds during October to December season to Tamil Nadu The lagoon comprises the following regions which adds up 759 km2 according to Andhra Pradesh Forest Department: 1 Pulicat Lake Tamil Nadu-TN amp Andhra Pradesh-AP 2 Marshy/WetlandLand Region AP 3 Venadu Reserve Forest AP 4 Pernadu Reserve Forest AP The lagoon was cut across in the middle the Sriharikota Link Road which divided the water body into lake and marshy land The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre1 Major part of the lake comes under Nellore district of Andhra pradesh3 Vembanad lake:Vembanad Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol is the longest lake in India1 and the largest lake in the state of Kerala Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala it is known as Vembanadu Lake in Kottayam Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad and Kochi Lake in Kochi Several groups of small islands including Vypin Mulavukad Vallarpadam Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island and the Vallarpadam islandThe Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake High levels of pollution have been noticed at certain hotspots of the Vembanad backwaters Government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under National Wetlands Conservation Programme4 Jai Samand Lake:Dhebar Lake also known as Jaisamand Lake is India’s second-largest artificial lake after Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar1 It is located in the Udaipur District of Rajasthan State in western India It has an area of 87 km2 34 sq mi when full and was created in the 17th century when Rana Jai Singh of Udaipur built a marble dam across the Gomati River It is about 450 km 280 mi from the district headquarters of Udaipur When first built it was the largest artificial lake in the world The surrounding Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary around Dhebar Lake can be reached by the state highway to Banswara from Udaipur It is about 270 km 168 mi from Parsad A village on National Highway No 8 Jaisamand Wildlife Sanctuary protects about 1620 square kilometres 16200 ha mostly teakforest on the shores of Dhebar Lake The lake has three islands measuring from 10 to 40 acres 40000 to 162000 m2 each The Dhebar Lake Marble Dam is 3000 m 9843 ft long and is a part of the Heritage Monuments of India The dam also has the Hawa Mahal Palace winter Capital of the erstwhile Maharanas of MewarFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -MAY 2018 Q370 With reference to the CLOUD ACT consider the following statements :1 It has been passed by the US Congress very recently to make artificial rain by spraying clouds with substances like Silver Iodide 2 US has enacted in 2018 by passing the Consolidated Appropriations ActSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns BCloud act – The Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data CLOUD Act passed by the US Congress earlier this year seeks to de-monopolise control over data from US authorities  The law will for the first time allow tech companies to share data directly with certain foreign governments This however requires an executive agreement between the US and the foreign country certifying that the state has robust privacy protections and respect for due process and the rule of law Before this Cloud Act an Indian officer investigating would have to raise a request for data to the US government where it is storedHow CLOUD act impacts law enforcement in India :- Timely access to electronic data for police is required to prevent mitigate or prosecute even a routine crime With the enactment of the CLOUD Act an Indian officer for the purposes of an investigation will no longer have to make a request to the US government but can approach the company directlyFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS -AUGUST 2018 Q369 Which among the following is/are the expected benefits to a country by signing the pact of Duqm port in Oman 1 Port is located near the Persian Gulf through which half of the world’s oil tanker pass2 It has a special economic zone where 25 billion investments are expected to be made by the Indian companiesWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AIt has a special economic zone where 18 billion investments are expected to be made by the Indian companiesPort is located near the Persian Gulf through which half of the world’s oil tanker passIt is also near the Chabahar port of IranFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS -AUGUST 2018 Q368 What is/are the consequence/ consequences of a country becoming the member of the ‘European Bank for Reconstruction amp Development’ 1 Membership would provide access to the technical amp financial assistance of the bank related to the development of the private sector2 Co-financing opportunities access to the international markets will be enhanced through the membershipWhich of the statements given above is/are correctA 1 onlyB 2 onlyC Both 1 amp 2D Neither 1 nor 2 Ans BMembership would provide access to the technical assistance amp sectoral knowledge of the bank related to the development of the private sectorCo-financing opportunities access to the international markets will be enhanced through the membershipExplanation:The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD is an international financial institution founded in 1991 As a multilateral developmental investment bank the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies Initially focused on the countries of the former Eastern Bloc it expanded to support development in more than 30 countries from central Europe to central Asia Similar to other multilateral development banks the EBRD has members from all over the world North America Africa Asia and Australia see below with the biggest shareholder being the United States but only lends regionally in its countries of operations Headquartered in London the EBRD is owned by 69 countries and two EU institutions 69th being Indiarecently in July 2018 Despite its public sector shareholders it invests in private enterprises together with commercial partnersThe EBRD is not to be confused with the European Investment Bank EIB which is owned by EU member states and is used to support EU policy EBRD is also distinct from the Council of Europe Development Bank CEBFRAMED FROM INDIAN EXPRESS -AUGUST 2018 Q367 STARLINK refers to :A It is a research amp development project developed by Google X to provide internet access to rural amp remote areasB It is the solar powered drone launched by facebook to provide internet access to four billion people around the world C Any type of drone that can be controlled by the Microwave signals of high wavelengthD It is the planned constellation of satellites that would provide high speed global internet connectionAns DStarlink is a satellite constellation development project underway by SpaceX1 to develop a low-cost high-performance satellite bus and requisite customer ground transceivers to implement a new space-basedInternet communication system23 By 2017 SpaceX submitted regulatory filings to launch nearly 12000 satellites to orbit by the mid-2020s4SpaceX also plans to sell satellites that use a satellitebus that may be used for military5 scientific or exploratory purposes6 In November 2018 SpaceX received FCC approval to deploy 7518 broadband satellites in addition to the 4425 satellites that were approved in March 2018 Development began in 2015 and prototype test-flight satellites were launched on 22 February 2018Initial operation of the constellation could begin in 2020 with satellite deployment beginning mid 2019The SpaceX satellite development facility in Redmond Washington houses the research and development operations for the satellite Internet projectFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q366 Which among the following sites have been identified for the development of Water Aerodromes 1 Wular lake2 Sabarmati river front3 Chilika lakeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D 123Ans CChilika lake IN Orissa Gujarat’s Sardar Sarovar Dam Sabarmati river front have been identified for the development of Water AerodromesFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q365 Which among the following products have been classified into Minor Forest Products 1 Tamarind 2 Sandalwood3 Bamboo4 Cane5 Fuel amp TimberSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1345B 245C Only 2 amp 5D 134Ans DMajor Forest Produce and Minor Forest Products The Major Forest Products comprise Pulpwood SandalwoodSocial Forestry that incudes Fuel and Timber The Minor Forest Products include the items such as tamarind curry leaf Tendu Patta gallnut Cane Soapnut tree moss and now Bamboo alsoFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q364 Consider the following :1 Magnetic Rheological Fluid Damper2 Macro encapsulation device for treatment of Diabetes3 Smartphone based Camera SensorWhich among the above projects have been developed under the Imprint-2 Initiative A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 1Ans BMagnetic Rheological Fluid Damper Smartphone based Camera Sensor- are the projects of IMPRINT INITIATIVEFor details of the projects open the link : FROM THE HINDU -AUGUST 2018 Q363 Which among the following have been accorded Geographical Indication status 1 Blue pottery of Jaipur2 Tirupati ladoos3 Mahabaleshwar Strawberry4 Nagpur OrangeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 124B 2 amp 4C 234D 1234Ans DFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q362 With reference to the news what is Blockchain Bond A It is the new debt instrument issued by World Bank by using ledger technology B It is a type of bond purchased by buyers interested in earning a revenue stream from the British pound or sterlingC Republic of Seychelles has launched the Bond a novel financing initiative which taps into capital markets to fund ocean-related environmental projectsD It is the bond issued outside India but denominated in Indian Rupees rather than the local currencyAns AThe World Bank is turning to blockchain to help it raise moneyThe international lender is planning to issue what it says is the world’s first global blockchainbond a notable mainstream endorsement of the emerging technologyBlockchain is best known as the technology underpinning bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies It serves as a digital record of financial transactionsThe World Bank has hired Commonwealth Bank of Australia CBAUF to manage the bond which is expected to raise as much as 100 million Australian dollars 73 millionFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q361 Which of the following best describes the term “Mobilise Your City” sometimes seen in news A It is an initiative to support three Indian cities to reduce Green House Gas emissionsB It is a part of Swacch Bharat Mission to make Indian cities clean C It is the Heat Action Plan adopted in Climate Change Conference to keep global average temperature below 20 CD It is an initiative to support Indian cities to reduce atmospheric pollution as a part of health initiativeAns AIndia and France sign an implementation agreement on “MOBILISE YOUR CITY” MYC European Union agrees to Euro 35 million for investments and technical assistance within the Mobilise Your City MYC programme in India MYC aims at supporting three pilot cities viz Nagpur Kochi and Ahmedabad for reduction of Green House Gas GHG emissions related to urban transportFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q360 With reference to the PISA Programme For International Student Assessment consider the following statements :1 PISA test introduced in the year 2000 by UNICEF United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund 2 The test is carried out once in every two yearsWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DPISA test introduced in the year 2000 by OECDThe test is carried out once in every three yearsThe Programme for International Student Assessment PISA is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils’ scholastic performance on mathematics science and reading It was first performed in 2000 and then repeated every three years Its aim is to provide comparable data with a view to enabling countries to improve their education policies and outcomes It measures problem solving and cognition The 2015 version of the test was published on 6 December 2016FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q359 With reference to O-Smart scheme consider the following statements :1 It is the Earth Ministry’s scheme to address Ocean development activities 2 The scheme covers 16 sub projects with an overall cost of Rs 1700 croresWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThe scheme covers 16 sub projects with an overall cost of Rs 1623 croresFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q358 Which among the following is/are modified Operational Guidelines for Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana 1 Only Perennial horticulture crops are included on pilot basis under the ambit of PMFBY 2 Farmers will be paid 11 interest by insurance companies Which of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-Farmers will be paid 12 interest by insurance companies-State Governments will have to pay 12 interest for delay in release of state share of subsidy-It includes Perennial horticulture crops on pilot basis under the ambit of PMFBY -It provides add on coverage for crop loss -Release of upfront premium subsidy FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q357 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Jeevan jyoti Bima Yojana consider the following statements :1 It is a life insurance scheme which includes age between 18 to 50 years2 The annual premium of Rs12 will be paid by the Union government 3 The benefit includes Rs 2 lakhs in case of death due to any causeWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans BPradhan Mantri Jeevan jyoti Bima Yojana is a accident insurance scheme which includes age between 18 to 50 yearsPradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is a life insurance which includes age between 18 to 70 yearsPradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana : The annual premium of Rs12 will be paid by the Union government Pradhan Mantri Jeevan jyoti Bima Yojana : The annual premium of Rs330 will be paid by the Union government FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q356 Which among the following are mandatory to mention on the label of the food items as per regulations of Food Safety amp Standards Regulations Act2018 1Trans fats2 Sugar 3 Salt4 Genetically Engineered Goods / ingredients derived from GMO5 Folic acidWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A 145B 1234C 123D 12345Ans BThe Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI on August 17 2018 constituted a group of experts from health and nutrition sector to look into the issue of food labellingThe expert panel will be headed by B Sesikeran former director of National Institute of Nutrition NIN and comprises Hemalatha and Dr Nikhil Tandon The panel will study in detail the concerns of the industry and make recommendations The announcement regarding the constitution of the Committee was made by FSSAI CEO Pawan Kumar Agarwal while addressing a national consultation on the draft regulation on food labelling organised by the CUTS InternationalAgarwal also made it clear that Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI will go ahead with the labelling norms even if there is no full consensus on the matter after the panel’s suggestionsIn April 2018 the FSSAI had come out with the draft of ‘Food Safety and Standards Labelling and Display Regulations 2018’ that propose mandatory red-label marking on packaged food products containing high levels of fat sugar and saltHowever for now the government has put on hold these draft regulations following the concerns raised by stakeholdersDraft provisions of Food Safety and Standards Labelling and Display Regulations 2018• The draft regulations suggest for mandatory declaration by packaged food manufacturers about nutritional information such as calories total fat trans fat sugar and salt per serve on the front of the pack• The draft pitches for a colour code proposes that the high fats such as sugar and salt trans-fat and sodium content should be coloured as ‘red’ if the value of energy from total sugar or fat is more than 10 percent of the total energy in the 100 grams or 100 ml of the product • The colour coding will make it easier for consumers to know about the nutritional value of food products and will help them make choices as per their requirements • It also makes mandatory to label food stuffs as ‘Contains GMO/Ingredients derived from GMO’ if the items contain 5 percent or more Genetically Engineered GE ingredients • The nutritional information should also be provided in the form of bar codeFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q355 Consider the following statements with reference to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch that sometimes seen in news :1 It is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean2 It is located from 135°E to 155°WWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AThe Great Pacific garbage patch also described as the Pacific trash vortex is a gyre of marine debris particles in the central North Pacific Ocean It is located roughly from 135°W to 155°W and 35°N to 42°NThe collection of plastic floating trash halfway between Hawaii and California extends over an indeterminate area of widely varying range depending on the degree of plastic concentration used to define itThe patch is characterized by exceptionally high relative pelagic concentrations of plastic chemical sludge and other debris that have been trapped by the currents of the North Pacific Gyre3 Despite the common public image of islands offloating rubbish its low density 4 particles per cubic meter prevents detection by satellite imagery or even by casual boaters or divers in the area It consists primarily of an increase in suspended often microscopic particles in the upper water columnThe patch is not easily seen from the sky because the plastic is dispersed over a large area Researchers from The Ocean Cleanup project claimed that the patch covers 16 million square kilometers The plastic concentration is estimated to be up to 100 kilograms per square kilometer in the center going down to 10 kilograms per square kilometer in the outer parts of the patch An estimated 80000 metric tons of plastic inhabit the patch totaling 18 trillion pieces 92 of the mass in the patch comes from objects larger than 05 centimetersResearch indicates that the patch is rapidly accumulatingA similar patch of floating plastic debris is found in the Atlantic Ocean called the North Atlantic garbage patchFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q354 Consider the following statements with reference to the Heritage Irrigation Structures that sometimes seen in news :1 These structures have been created to ease irrigation by creating partition between the acidic amp alkaline soil2 This scheme has excluded old operational irrigation structures Which of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DAt the 63rd meeting of International Executive Council IEC held at Adelaide Australia on 28 June 2012 President Gao Zhanyi suggested that a process for recognition of the historical irrigation structures on the lines of World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO shall be initiated Accordingly a Task Team comprising of the following members was set up to work out objectives guidelines and procedures to select the historical irrigation structures The Scheme was discussed during the meeting of WG-HIST at 65th IEC meeting The members suggested changes in the scope of the Scheme The present Scheme has been revised and updated to include both the old operational irrigation structures as well as structures that have primarily archival value It is proposed that a historical irrigation and/or drainage structure fulfilling the criterion laid down in this document shall be recognized as “Heritage Irrigation Structure” HIS The nomination forms received by 30 June every year will be processed together and presented to the following Executive Council meeting after due processing Nominations are invited from ICID National Committees for selection of “World Heritage Irrigation Structures” WHIS thatincludes both old operational irrigation structures as well as those having an archival value A Task Team is set up every year to select historical drainage/drainage structures as received from various National Committees NCs to give recognition to the historical irrigation structures on the lines of World Heritage Sites as recognized by UNESCO National Committee can nominate more than one structure using separate nomination form for each Associated Members and non-member countries can nominate their structures through the neighboring active national committees or by submitting directly to the ICID Central OfficeFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q353 Which of the following best describes “MOVE” sometimes seen in news A It is the Global Mobility Summit organized by Niti Ayog to make Indian cities pollution freeB It is an Intergovernmental agreement on the National Redress Scheme for Institutional Child Sexual Abuse C It is the Global Mobility Summit organized by UNFCCC between the Commonwealth and the States on environment issuesD It is an inter governmental agreement for the promotion of political amp economic relations with the ASEANAns ATo showcase innovation and build a platform to shape the future of mobility NITI Aayog is proud to host the first Move Summit 2018 In New Delhi on 7th and 8th September 2018 stakeholders from across the sectors of mobility and transportation will gather to co-create a public interest framework to revolutionize transport Together government industry academia civil society and media will set the base for a transport system which is safe clean shared and connected and affordable accessible and inclusiveThe Move Summit will address these challenges through two major channels:THE CORE SUMMIT AND PARALLEL EVENTS It will help leverage a number of unique features of India’s mobility ecosystem:a Tremendous potential for a fundamental shiftb Low lock-in-effectc Scale and size d Frugal innovation ande Globally-recognized technological prowessThe Move Summit will seek to integrate India’s efforts around sustainable development urbanization clean energy and more through the unique lens of mobilityFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q352 With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana consider the following statements :1 Institutional treatment is the part of this Scheme2 It will cover over 10 crore people for secondary amp tertiary care hospitalization 3 Members of the family should not be more than 5 to be eligible for the scheme Which of the statements given above is/are correct A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans B1st statement : Institution treatment means a hospital nursing facility or other It is a fabricated statement3rd statement : It is also wrong It is not the feature of this schemePrime Minister Narendra Modi launched ambitious Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana PMJAY under Ayushman Bharat umbrella at Ranchi Jharkhand The scheme aims to provide annual health insurance cover of Rs 5 lakh to 1074 crore beneficiary families ie over 50 crore beneficiaries across India It is touted as world’s largest healthcare scheme that will serve beneficiary population that equals 27-28 European countries and almost equal to population of Canada Mexico and US put together The scheme will become operational from September 25 2018 ie on birth anniversary of Deendayal Upadhyay FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -JUNE 2018 Q351 Which of the following best describes “RIMPAC” sometimes seen in news A It is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shippingB It is the world’s largest military exercise between United States amp South Korea C It is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfareD It is the world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise administered by the United States Navy’s pacific fleetAns DRIMPAC the Rim of the Pacific Exercise is the world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise RIMPAC is held bienniallyduring June and July of even-numbered years from Honolulu Hawaii It is hosted and administered by the United States Navy’s Pacific Fleet headquartered at Pearl Harbor in conjunction with the Marine Corps the Coast Guard and Hawaii National Guard forces under the control of the Governor of Hawaii The US invites military forces from the Pacific Rim and beyond to participate With RIMPAC the United States Pacific Command seeks to enhance interoperability among Pacific Rim armed forces ostensibly as a means of promoting stability in the region to the benefit of all participating nations Described by the US Navy as a unique training opportunity that helps participants foster and sustain the cooperative relationships that are critical to ensuring the safety of sea lanes and security on the world’s oceansRIMPAC 2018On 23 May 2018 the Pentagon announced that it had disinvited China because of recent militarization of islands in the South China Sea after China had announced in January that it had been invitedThe PRC has previously attended RIMPAC 2014 amp 2016On 30 May 2018 the US Navy announced that the following navies would take part in the exercise FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -JUNE 2018 Q350 With reference to the “Polargap Project” consider the following statements :1 It is an international mission to capture data about the Earth’s electrical amp magnetic field2 This project is largely funded by the World bankWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DPolarGAP is an ambitious international mission to capture new and critical data about the Earth’s global gravity field Innovative radar systems and Lidar technologies will also be deployed from Twin Otter aircraft to fill the ‘data gap’ in measurements of surface elevation over the South Pole region south of 835°Two earth observing satellite missions GOCE and CryoSat 2 mounted by the European Space Agency ESA revolutionised scientists’ ability to ‘map’ the Earth’s global gravity field and monitor how Earth’s ice fields are responding to global change However because GOCE’s orbit did not cross the Poles there is a data gap at the South PoleThe PolarGAP project will collect new gravity data and combine them with datasets from other Antarctic missions to build the first accurately constrained global gravity model This is essential as global gravity data provide unique informationon mass distribution and transport in the Earth System linked to processes and changes in the Solid Earth hydrology cryosphere oceans and atmosphere Key applications of gravity data include geodetic studies levelling and mapping navigation GPS/GLONASS and satellite orbit planningFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -JULY 2018 Q349 Recently environment minister inaugurates advanced system of air quality “SAFAR” With reference to this project consider the following statements :1 It will monitor all the weather parameters like temperature wind speed amp wind direction 2 The system will also monitor existence of Benzene Methane amp TolueneWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AScienceamp Technology Earth Sciences Environment Forest amp Climate Change Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan unveiled a state-of-the-art Air Quality and Weather Forecast System– SAFAR System of Air Quality and Weather Forecastingat ChandniChowkin Delhi today The giant true colour LED display gives out real-time air quality index on 24×7 basis with colour coding alongwith 72-hour advance forecastThe system first of its kind in the country was developed indigenously in record time by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune and operationalized by India Meteorological Department IMDThe minister said based on the Air Quality Index on a particular day Health advisory and related precaution will be notified to prepare citizens well in advance Dr Harsh Vardhan further added that in addition to monitoring and forecasting of regular air quality and weather parameters the ChandniChowk air quality station will also measure sun’s UV-Index and will provide measurement of online automatic ultrafine particles PM1 and Mercury both of which have direct relevance to human health Based on UVI skin advisories will be issued on display“Our mission model project SAFAR is implemented in four cities of India – Delhi Pune Mumbai and Ahmedabad as an operational service Accordingto a preliminary economic assessment of the benefits of the system if 5 of people suffering from air-pollution related diseases take advantage of the advisories and precautionsin Delhi alone it would result in a saving of nearly Rs 2500 crores in terms of health-related cost benefit” said Dr Harsh Vardhan addressing a large gathering at Town Hall in ChandniChowkThe system will be an integral part of India’s first Air Quality Early Warning System operational in Delhi and will strengthen the existing air quality network of SAFAR Central Pollution Control Board and Delhi Pollution Control CommitteeSAFAR will accelerate public awareness and preparedness of air pollution and weather extremes It will also lead to better understanding of linkages among emissions weather pollution and climate It will monitor all weather parameters like temperature rainfall humidity wind speed and wind directionIn addition to regular air quality parameters like PM25 PM10 Sulfur Dioxide Ozone Nitrogen Oxides Carbon Monoxide the system will also monitor the existence of Benzene Toluene and XyleneBesides health SAFAR system would benefit cost savings to several other sectors like agriculture aviation infrastructure disaster management skill tourism and many others which directly or indirectly get affected by air quality and weather FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q348 Which of the following best describes “Global Green Bond Partnership” sometimes seen in news A This partnership will spread catchment area over 689 sq km to provide water for irrigation to cities states regionsB These bonds are issued by world bank in partnership with the government bodies private organisations or individual scientists to increase forest cover C This partnership will support efforts of cities states regions corporations private companies to accelerate issuance of green bondsD These bonds are issued by world bank in partnership with the government bodies private organisations or individual scientists to provide precious water for paddy cropsAns CThe Global Green Bond Partnership GGBP launched at the Global Climate Action Summit GCAS This new partnership will support efforts of sub-national entities such as cities states and regions corporations and private companies and financial institutions to accelerate the issuance of green bondsThe founding members of the Global Green Bond Partnership GGBP include the World Bank IFC – a member of the World Bank Group Amundi European Investment Bank Climate Bonds Initiative Ceres ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate amp Energy GCoM and the Low Emissions Development Strategies Global Partnership LEDS GPFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q347 With reference to the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme consider the following statements :1 It is proposed to cover all the oil seeds for which minimum support price is notified2 It does not involve any physical procurement of the crops3 All the payments will be done directly into registered bank account of the farmer Which of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 2B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe Niti Aayog has released a three-year agenda for the Centre Of the several things it has touched upon one is agriculture with a focus on doubling farmers’ income The think-tank has recommended reforms in the APMC Act and tenancy laws and tweaks to the eNAM electronic National Agriculture Market It has also suggested ‘Price Deficiency Payment’ system to address the gaps in Minimum Support Price MSP based procurement of cropsWhat is itUnder Price Deficiency Payment farmers are proposed to be compensated for the difference between the government-announced MSPs for select crops and their actual market prices For crops such as rice and wheat where it is effective now MSP announcements will continue For other targeted crops price deficiency payments will be made However it has to be noted that there may be a cap on the extent to which the Centre will bridge the gap between MSP and market priceNiti Aayog has said that the farmer may be entitled to the difference up to say 10 per cent To avail this benefit eachfarmer would have to register with the nearest APMC mandi and report the total area sown The subsidy may be paid via Direct Benefit Transfer DBT into the farmer’s Aadhaar-linked bank accountWhy is it importantThe key benefit from the price deficiency payment is that it will reduce the need for the government to actually procure food crops transport and store them and then dispose of them under PDS The difference between the support and market prices can instead simply be paid in cash to the farmer Price deficiency payment can also keep India’s bill on food subsidies under check believes Niti Aayog India’s food subsidy schemes have frequently come under the WTO scanner Even in the meeting held in March this year there were questions raised on the minimum support price programmes for wheat sugarcane and pulses by the US EU and AustraliaThese countries see India’s procurement subsidies as trade-distorting In recent years the government has been seeing the accumulation of large food grain stocks in its godowns over and above the buffer requirement This entails storage and wastage costs that add on to the subsidy billFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q346 Recently Government has hiked customs duties of several items to curb imports of non-essential goods Which among the following items are exempted under the custom duty 1 E-cigarettes2 Aviation turbine fuel3 Decorative sheets4 Beeds amp BanglesWhich of the options given above is/are correct A 234B Only 1C 1 amp 3D Only 4Ans BCustom DutySno Item 1 Air Conditioner 2 Refrigerators3 Washing Machines Less than 10kg 4 Compressor for ACs Refrigerators 5 Speakers 6 Footwear 7 Radial car tyres 8 Non-industrial diamonds 9 Diamonds semi-processed 10 Lab grown diamonds 11 Cut polished coloured gem stones 12 Jewellery- precious metal or metal clad with precious metal 13 Goldsmith or Silversmith wares – precious metal or metal clad with precious metal 14 Shower bath bath sink wash basin of plastic 15 Plastic items- boxes case containers bottles insulated ware 16 Kitchenware tableware household items of plastic 17 Other plastic items- office stationary fitting for furniture decorative sheets statuettes beads and bangles18 Trunks suitcases brief cases travel bags and other bags 19 Aviation turbine fuel FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q345 With reference to the Price Support scheme consider the following statements :1 Physical procurement of the oilseeds pulses amp Copra will be done by NAFED amp Food Corporation of India2 Procurement expenditure amp losses due to procurement will be borne by the State governmentWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAnsAProcurement expenditure amp losses due to procurement will be borne by the Union government as per normsPhysical procurement of the oilseeds pulses amp Copra will be done by Central Nodal agencies with the proactive role of the State governments FRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q344 India has recently signed COMCASA Agreement What is/are the consequence/consequences for India by signing the agreement 1 It allows the India to transfer electronic systems amp ensure secrecy of its C4ISR systems2 By signing the agreement India would have to buy American Military equipmentWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D-It allows the US to transfer high tech electronic systems amp ensure secrecy of its C4ISR Command Control Communications Computers Intelligence Surveillance amp Reconnaissance systems-By signing the agreement It is not mean that India would have to necessarily buy American Military equipmentExplanation :It is one of the three foundational defence pacts that needs to be signed by a country in order to obtain high-tech military hardware from the US Before COMCASA India had signed only one of these agreements – Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement LEMOA – in 2016 The two countries are yet to begin talks on the third agreement – Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geo-spatial Cooperation BECA2 The agreement will give Indian military access to function on high-end secured and encrypted communication equipment which are installed on American platforms obtained by Indian Armed Forces These platforms include C-130 J C-17 P-8I aircraft and Apache and Chinook helicopters3 The act is usually known as the Communication and Information on Security Memorandum of Agreement CISMOA But it was changed to COMCASA to signify its India-specific alterations4 It will also provide a legal framework for the transfer of encrypted communication security equipment from the US to India It is believed to be safer and more secure than the system that India uses right now “Signing of Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement COMCASA will enable India to access advanced technologies from USA” Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said while addressing the media5 The agreement was pending for almost ten years One of the major reasons for this was the fear that India may compromise its operational independence Critics had also pointed out that the agreement could jeopardise India’s established military ties with Russia and access to their weapons systemsThe agreement is also of political significance with the general elections scheduled to take place next year In 2016 the BJP government had to face a lot of criticism from the opposition parties for signing LEMOAThese agreements and Donald Trump administration’s decision to give India STA-1 status Strategic Trade Authorization-1 shows the country’s importance in the US strategic calculus“We’ll be meeting PM Modi on how to advance relationship in the new era of growth under his leadership and President Trump We had many productive and forward thinking conversations on our bilateral relationship and our shared future” Pompeo said after ‘22’ talksFRAMED FROM THE HINDU -SEPTEMBER 2018 Q343 Currently India is a member of which among the following organizations / groups 1 Missile Technology Control Regime2 Australia Group3 Wassenaar Arrangement4 Nuclear Suppler GroupWhich of the statements given above is/are correct A Only 2 amp 3B 234C Only 1 amp 2D 123Ans DSome countries are opposing the Indian entry into NSG because India has not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty NPTQ342 With respect to the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana which among the following is NOT correctA It is a social welfare scheme to provide LPG connections in BPL householdsB The scheme was launched in the year 2015C The Government has set a target of 5 crores LPG connections under the YojanaD The objective of the scheme is to safeguard the health of women and children by providing them with clean cooking fuelAns B- The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana PMUY is a welfare program of the government of India launched by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2016The stated objective of the program is providing 50000000 LPG connections to women from families below the poverty lineFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ341 Which among the following is/are correctly matched 1 COP 11 : Minimata convention on mercury2 COP 3 : Kyoto protocol on climate change3 COP 1 : Montreal ProtocolSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans BCOP-4 conference in Buenos COP 3 : Kyoto protocol on climate changegtCOP 11 : Montreal It took place between 28 November and 9 December 2005 in Montreal Quebec Canada It was the first Meeting of the Parties CMP 1 to the Kyoto Protocol since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997 It was one of the largest intergovernmental conferences on climate change ever gtCOP1 : Minimata convention on mercuryFRAMED FROM MAP SECTION Q340 Consider the following :1 Rajpipla range : Rajasthan2 Suket hills : Himachal Pradesh3 Kali river : DelhiSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 123D 2 amp 3Ans BRajpipla range : GujaratKali river : Source : Doon valley in UttarakhandFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q339 Which of the following is/are true with respect to the petroleum Panchayat yojna 1 It has replaced Pradhan Mantri Ujwal Yojana to deal with issue of safe use of LPG2 It was launched in 20153 Availability of refill cylinders is one of the key feature of this schemeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans DIt was launched in 23rd September 2017It is backup scheme to existing Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana LPG Panchayat will serve as an interactive platform between those who received LPG cylinders under PMUY One panchayat will have around 100 LPG customers of nearby areas The panchayats discuss issues such as safe practices quality of service provided by distributors and availability of refill cylindersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q338 Which among the following species is/are the examples of the Waterfowl 1 Wood Sandpiper2 Little cormorant3 Painted StorkSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans D The most common waterfowl are :Gadwall shoveler common teal cotton teal tufted duck knob-billed duck little cormorant great cormorant Indian shag ruff painted stork white spoonbill Asian open-billed stork oriental ibis darter common sandpiper wood sandpiper and green sandpiper The sarus crane with its spectacular courtship dance is also found hereFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q337 Which among the following statements is/are true with respect to the Special Drawing Rights 1 These are the foreign-exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the World Bank 2 Private parties are restricted to hold or use them3 South African Rand amp British pound have been added to the XDR basket effectively from October 1 2016Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 3C 2 amp 3D Only 2Ans DSpecial drawing rights ISO 4217 currency code XDR1 also abbreviated SDR are supplementary foreign-exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund IMF The XDR is the unit of account for the IMF and is not a currency per se2 XDRs instead represent a claim to currency held by IMF member countries for which they may be exchanged3 The XDR was created in 1969 to supplement a shortfall of preferred foreign-exchange reserve assets namely gold and the US dollar3XDRs are allocated to countries by the IMF3 Private parties do not hold or use them4 The amount of XDRs in existence was around XDR 214 billion in August 2009 During the global financial crisis of 2009 an additional XDR 1826 billion were allocated to provide liquidity to the global economic system and supplement member countries’ official reserves By October 2014 the amount of XDRs in existence was XDR 204 billion5The value of the XDR is based on a basket of key international currencies reviewed by IMF every five years3 The weights assigned to each currency in the XDR basket are adjusted to take into account their current prominence in terms of international trade and national foreign exchange reserves3 In the review conducted in November 2015 the IMF decided that the Renminbi Chinese yuan would be added to the basket effective October 1 20166 From that date the XDR basket now consists of the following five currencies: US dollar 4173 Euro 3093 Renminbi Chinese yuan 1092 Japanese yen 833 British pound 809FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q336 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana 1 it is an annual scholarships to children of Standard VI to IX having good academic records only2 Philately as a hobby is an important component of this scheme3 Children must be between 10 to 18 years of age to be eligible for this schemeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 3C 1 amp 2D Only 2Ans DDeen Dayal Sparsh YojanaMinister of Communications Shri Manoj Sinha launched a Pan India scholarship program for school children called Deen Dayal SPARSH Yojana to increase the reach of Philately Under the scheme of SPARSH Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude amp Research in Stamps as a Hobby it is proposed to award annual scholarships to children of Standard VI to IX having good academic record and also pursuing Philately as a hobby through a competitive selection process in all postal circles Briefing the media after the launch of the scheme Shri Sinha said that under the scheme it is proposed to award 920 scholarships to students pursuing Philately as a hobby Every Postal Circle will select a maximum of 40 scholarships representing 10 students each from Standard VI VII VIII amp IX The amount of Scholarship will be Rs 6000/- per annum Rs 500/- per monthPhilately is the hobby of collection and study of Postage stampsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q335 Which among the following is/are the cryptocurrencies 1 Litecoin2 Bitcoin3 NamecoinSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 123Ans Dcryptocurrencies such as Litecoin Namecoin and PPCoinThe first cryptocurrency to capture the public imagination was Bitcoin which was launched in 2009 by an individual or group known under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto As of September 2015 there were over 146 million bitcoins in circulation with a total market value of 34 billion Bitcoin’s success has spawned a number of competing cryptocurrencies such as Litecoin Namecoin and PPCoinCryptocurrencies make it easier to transfer funds between two parties in a transaction these transfers are facilitated through the use of public and private keys for security purposesThese fund transfers are done with minimal processing fees allowing users to avoid the steep fees charged by most banks and financial institutions for wire transfersFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q334 With reference to the news what are Bug Zappers A It is is a bio-remediation technique to get rid of oil spillB These are the fluorescent traps to eliminate bugs amp small insectsC These are the tools or methods to reduce the greenhouse gases D These are the Ultraviolet traps to eliminate various small flying insectsAns DUltraviolet traps called bug zappers are used to eliminate various small flying insects They are attracted to the UV and are killed using an electric shock or trapped once they come into contact with the device FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q333 Which among the following are the migratory wetland species 1 White-bellied Heron2 Siberian Crane3 Red-headed Vulture4 Spoon-billed SandpiperSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 4B 2 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 2 amp 4Ans DMigratory wetland species: Baer’s Pochard Siberian Crane and Spoon-billed Sandpiper Non-migratory wetland species: White-bellied Heron Grassland species:Bengal Florican Great Indian Bustard Jerdon’s Courser and Sociable Lapwing Forest species:Forest Owlet Scavengers: Indian Vulture Red-headed Vulture White-backed Vulture and Slender-billed Vulture Himalayan Quail and Pink-headed Duck are now considered Extinct for all practical purposesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q332 With reference to the CITES what are Appendix II species A species that are listed after one member country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a speciesB species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by tradeC species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade in specimens of such speciesD Species that are preserved under the biosphere reserves to prevent their extinctionAns CAppendix I : species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by tradeAppendix II : species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade in specimens of such speciesAppendix III : species that are listed after one member country has asked other CITES Parties for assistance in controlling trade in a speciesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q331 What does Hedge Fund means A Funds provided for replacement and renovation of industriesB Open ended funds that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investorsC Start-up capital provided to new entrepreneursD Fund created by the Government of India for enhancing infrastructure financing in the countryAns BHedge Funds :A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets often with complex portfolio-construction and risk-management techniquesIt is administered by a professional investment management firm and often structured as a limited partnership limited liability company or similar vehicleHedge funds are generally distinct from mutual funds as their use of leverage is not capped by regulators and distinct from private equity funds as the majority of hedge funds invest in relatively liquid assetsHedge funds are made available only to certain sophisticated or accredited investors and cannot be offered or sold to the general publicHedge funds are almost always open-ended and allow additions or withdrawals by their investors generally on a monthly or quarterly basis1 The value of an investor’s holding is directly related to the fund net asset valueFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q330 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Vernacular Press Act 1 The Act provided for submitting to police all the proof sheets of contents of papers before publication2 Final decision on the seditious news was to be determined by the Judiciary Select the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns AVernacular press act:It was enacted to curtail the freedom of the Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism toward British policies—notably the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War 1878–80The act was proposed by Lord Lytton then Viceroy of India and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on March 14 1878 The act excluded English-language publications as it was meant to control seditious writing in ‘publications in Oriental languages’ everywhere in the country except for the SouthLord Wellesley regulated the press again in 1799 according to which press had to show and get approval of the government before the publication of any manuscript including advertisement During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the Gagging Act” had been passed by Lord Canning which sought to regulate the establishment of printing presses and to restrain the mad of printed mater All presses had to have a license from the government with distinction between publications in English and other regional languages The Act also held that no printed material shall impugn the motives of the British Raj tending to bring it hatred and contempt and exciting unlawful resistance to its ordersAt the time the Vernacular Press Act was passed there were thirty five vernacular papers in Bengal including the Amrita Bazar Patrika the editor of which was one Sisir Kumar GhoseThe Vernacular Press Act stated that any magistrate or Commissioner of Police had the authority to call upon any printer or publisher of a newspaper to enter into a bond undertaking not to print a certain kind of material and could confiscate any printed material it deemed objectionable The Act provided for submitting to police all the proof sheets of contents of papers before publication What was seditious news was to be determined by the police and not by the judiciaryFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q329 Who among the following is/are associated with the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha 1 G SubramaniaIyer2 Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi3 P AnandacharluSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans BPoona Sarvajanik Sabha:It was a sociopolitical organisation in British India which started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India and to popularise the peasants’ legal rights1 2 It started as an elected body of 95 members elected by 6000 persons on April 2 1870The Pune Sarvajanik Sabha provided many of the prominent leaders of national stature to the Indian freedom struggle including Bal Gangadhar Tilak It was formed in 1870 by S H Chiplunkar Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi Mahadev Govind Ranade et alMany eminent personalities such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gopal Hari Deshmukh Maharshi Annasaheb Patwardhan5 etc served as the Presidents of the organizationMadras Mahajan Sabha:The first organisation in the Madras Presidency to agitate for the rights of Indians was the Madras Native Association which was established by publicist GazuluLakshminarasu Chetty in 1849 This organisation did not survive for long and was eventually disbandedIn May 1884 M Veeraraghavachariar G SubramaniaIyer and P Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana SabhaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q328 Consider the following statements :1 Deposition of iron-rich dust into ocean waters enhances carbon sequestration2 Biochar is added to a landfill or used as a soil improver to create terra preta3 Harvesting of Seeweed is done to generate electricity or as a replacement for natural gasSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DCarbon SequestrationCarbon sequestration is the process involved in carbon capture and the long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide1 Carbon sequestration involves long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate or defer global warming It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases which are released by burning fossil fuels artificial capture and sequestration of industrially produced CO2 using subsurface saline aquifers reservoirs ocean water aging oil fields or other carbon sinksCarbon dioxide may be captured as a pure by-product in processes related to petroleum refining or from flue gases from power generation5 CO2 sequestration includes the storage part of carbon capture and storage which refers to large-scale artificial capture and sequestration of industrially produced CO2 using subsurface saline aquifers reservoirs ocean water aging oil fields or other carbon sinksBiosequestration or carbon sequestration through biological processes affects the global carbon cycle Examples include major climatic fluctuations such as the Azolla event which created the current Arctic climate Such processes created fossil fuels as well as clathrate and limestone By manipulating such processes geoengineers seek to enhance sequestrationPeat bogs are a very important carbon store Wetland soil is an important carbon sink 145 of the world’s soil carbon is found in wetlands while only 6 of the world’s land is composed of wetlandsOcean iron fertilization is an example of such a geoengineering technique23 Iron fertilization24 attempts to encourage phytoplankton growth which removes carbon from the atmosphere for at least a period of timeNatural iron fertilisation events eg deposition of iron-rich dust into ocean waters can enhance carbon sequestration The iron rich feces causes phytoplankton to grow and take up more carbon from the atmosphereWhen the phytoplankton dies some of it sinks to the deep ocean and takes the atmospheric carbon with it By reducing the abundance of sperm whales in the Southern Ocean whaling has resulted in an extra 200000 tonnes of carbon remaining in the atmosphere each year’Seaweed grows very fast and can theoretically be harvested and processed to generate biomethane via Anaerobic Digestion to generate electricity via Cogeneration/CHP or as a replacement for natural gas Ideal species for such farming and conversion include Laminaria digitata Fucus serratus and Saccharina latissimaBio-energy with carbon capture and storage BECCS‘BECCS refers to biomass in power stations and boilers that use carbon capture and storageBiochar is charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass waste The resulting material is added to a landfill or used as a soil improver to create terra pretaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q327 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the CITES 1 CITES is the conservation agreement with the largest membership with 183 Parties2 It is legally binding on the PartiesSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CCITES the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora is an international agreement between governments Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survivalIt was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of IUCNIt provides a framework to be respected by each Party which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national levelFor many years CITES has been among the conservation agreements with the largest membership with now 183 PartiesCITES is legally binding on the PartiesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q326 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Bronze icon of Nataraja 1 The classical form of the depiction appears in stone reliefs by around the 6th-century2 Torso movements are visible as the most common form of Shiva’s dance 3 It typically shows Shiva dancing holding Agni fire in his left back hand the front hand in gajahasta or dandahasta mudraSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 3B 2 amp 3C Only 1D 1 amp 3Ans DBronze icon of NatarajaAffiliation Shiva SymbolsAgni TextsAnshumadbhed agamaUttarakamika agamaThe classical form of the depiction appears in stone reliefs as at the Ellora Caves and the Badami Caves by around the 6th-century45 Around the 10th century it emerged in Tamil Nadu in its mature and best-known expression in Chola bronzes of various heights typically less than four feet6 some over7 The Nataraja reliefs have been identified in historic artwork from many parts of South Asia in southeast Asia such as in Bali Cambodia and in central AsiaIt typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the Natya Shastra poses holding Agni fire in his left back hand the front hand in gajahasta or dandahasta mudra the front right hand with a wrapped snake that is in abhaya fear not mudra while pointing to a Sutratext and the back hand holding a musical instrument usually a damaru6 His body fingers ankles neck face head ear lobes and dress are shown decorated with symbolic items which vary with historic period and region111 He is surrounded by a ring of flames standing on a lotus pedestal lifting his left leg or in rare cases the right leg and balancing over a demon shown as a dwarf Apasmara2 or Muyalaka who symbolizes ignoranceThe dance of Shiva in Tillai the traditional name for Chidambaram forms the motif for all the depictions of Shiva as Nataraja He is also known as Sabesan which splits as Sabayil aadum eesan in Tamil which means The Lord who dances on the dais The two most common forms of Shiva’s dance are the Lasya the gentle form of dance associated with the creation of the world and the Tandava the violent and dangerous dance associated with the destruction of weary worldviews – weary perspectives and lifestyles• The arch of fire emerges from two makara on each end which are water creatures of water and part of Hindu mythologies • • The upper right hand holds a small drum shaped like an hourglass that is called a ḍamaru in Sanskrit2728 A specific hand gesture mudra called ḍamaru-hasta Sanskrit for ḍamaru-hand is used to hold the drum• • His legs are bent which suggests an energetic dance• The second left hand points towards the raised foot which suggests the viewer to be active and dance despite the circumstances or alternatively as a sign of upliftment and liberation• • The face shows two eyes plus a slightly open third on the forehead which symbolize the triune in Shaivism The Asanapat inscription also mentions a Shiva temple in the Saivacaryas kingdomStone reliefs depicting the classical form of Nataraja are found in numerous cave temples of India such as the Ellora Caves Maharashtra the Elephanta Caves and the Badami Caves Karnataka by around the 6th-centuryNataraja is celebrated in 108 poses of Bharatanatyam with Sanskrit inscriptions from Natya Shastra at the Nataraja temple in Chidambaram Tamil Nadu IndiaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q325 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana 1 It is a Pension Scheme for the senior citizens aged 70 years and above2 The scheme is exempted from Service Tax/ GST3 On Premature exit 100 of the Purchase Price shall be refundedSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans BPradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana PMVVY is a Pension Scheme announced by the Government of India exclusively for the senior citizens aged 60 years and above which is available from 4th May 2017 to 3rd May 2018Following are the major benefits under the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana PMVVY:• Scheme provides an assured return of 8 pa payable monthly equivalent to 830 pa effective for 10 years• Pension is payable at the end of each period during the policy term of 10 years as per the frequency of monthly/ quarterly/ half-yearly/ yearly as chosen by the pensioner at the time of purchase• The scheme is exempted from Service Tax/ GST• On survival of the pensioner to the end of the policy term of 10 years Purchase price along with final pension installment shall be payable• Loan upto 75 of Purchase Price shall be allowed after 3 policy years to meet the liquidity needs Loan interest shall be recovered from the pension installments and loan to be recovered from claim proceeds• The scheme also allows for premature exit for the treatment of any critical/ terminal illness of self or spouse On such premature exit 98 of the Purchase Price shall be refunded• On death of the pensioner during the policy term of 10 years the Purchase Price shall be paid to the beneficiary• The ceiling of maximum pension is for a family as a whole the family will comprise of pensioner his/her spouse and dependants• The shortfall owing to the difference between the interest guaranteed and the actual interest earned and the expenses relating to administration shall be subsidized by the Government of India and reimbursed to the CorporationEligibility Conditions and Other Restrictions1 Minimum Entry Age: 60 years completed2 Maximum Entry Age: No limit3 Policy Term : 10 years4 Minimum Pension: Rs 1000/- per monthRs 3000/- per quarterRs6000/- per half-yearRs12000/- per year5 Maximum Pension: Rs 5000/- per monthRs 15000/- per quarterRs 30000/- per half-yearRs 60000/- per yearThe modes of pension payment are monthly quarterly half-yearly amp yearly The pension payment shall be through NEFT or Aadhaar Enabled Payment SystemThe first instalment of pension shall be paid after 1 year 6 months 3 months or 1 month from the date of purchase of the same depending on the mode of pension payment ie yearly half-yearly quarterly or monthly respectivelyFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ324 With reference to the incarnation of the Buddhas what does Ruru Jataka signifies A It is the tale of the three friends who lived in a forest: an antelope a woodpecker and a tortoiseB It is the story of The dumb Prince that is also known as Muga Pakaya JatakaC In this jataka tale the Buddha in a previous incarnation as a monkey king self-sacrifyinly offers his own body as a bridge by which his fellow monkeys can escape from a human king who is attacking themD is the story of how a past incarnation of the Buddha incarnated as a golden deer rescues a merchant from drowning in the riverAns DMahakapi Jataka : In this jataka tale the Buddha in a previous incarnation as a monkey king self-sacrifyinly offers his own body as a bridge by which his fellow monkeys can escape from a human king who is attacking them Ruru Jataka :The Ruru Jataka is the story of how a past incarnation of the Buddha incarnated as a golden deer rescues a merchant from drowning in the river bottom of medallionKurunga Miga Jataka :This story is about three friends who lived in a forest: an antelope a woodpecker and a tortoise Muga Pakaya Jataka/ Mugapakkha Jataka/ Temiya Jataka : This is the story of The dumb PrinceFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ323 Which among the following is/are true with respect to the GSF certification Gold standard foundation certificate 1 It is a standard for creating high-quality emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism CDM2 It was developed in 2003 by World Wide Fund for Nature WWF and Helio International onlySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns D GSF Gold standard foundation certificate certificationThe Gold Standard is a standard for creating high-quality emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism CDM Joint Implementation JI and Voluntary Carbon Market It was designed to ensure that carbon credits are not only real and verifiable but that they make measurable contributions to sustainable development worldwide Its objective is to add branding a label to existing and new Carbon Credits generated by projects which can then be bought and traded by countries that have a binding legal commitment according to the Kyoto ProtocolThe Gold Standard for CDM GS CER was developed in 2003 by World Wide Fund for Nature WWF SouthSouthNorth and Helio International The Voluntary Gold StandardGS VER a methodology for use within the voluntary carbon market was launched in May 2006To be eligible for Gold Standard Certification a project must:1 Be an approved Renewable Energy Supply or End use Energy Efficiency Improvement project type2 Be reducing one of the three eligible Green House Gases: Carbon Dioxide CO2 Methane CH4 and Nitrous Oxide N2O3 Not employ Official Development Assistance ODA under the condition that the credits coming out of the project are transferred to the donor country4 Not be applying for other certifications to ensure there is no double counting of credits5 Demonstrate its additionality by using the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s UNFCCC Large Scale Additionality Tool6 and show that the project is not a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario6 Make a net-positive contribution to the economic environmental and social welfare of the local population that hosts itFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ322 Consider the following statements :1 Barail range is an eastern extension of the Himalayan Range System in north eastern India2 The Garo Khasi and Jaintia hills are part of Deccan Plateau and not part of the Purvanchal rangeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns CBarail range :The Purvanchal Mountains or Eastern Mountains are a sub-mountain range of the Himalayas in northeast IndiaThe Purvanchal Mountains cover the states of Assam Arunachal Pradesh Manipur Tripura Nagaland Meghalaya and MizoramThe range is an eastern extension of the Himalayan Range System in north eastern India It bends sharply to the south beyond the Dihang River gorge and spreads along the eastern boundary of India with Myanmar The Purvanchal range includes the hill ranges of the Patkai Barail range Manipur Mizoram Mizodisambiguation needed and Naga HillsThe Garo Khasi and Jaintia hills are part of Deccan Plateau and not part of the Purvanchal rangeFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ321 Which among the following protocols employed the principle of differential treatment in respect to climate change 1 Washington Naval Treaty2 Cartagena Protocol3 Part IV of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATTSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans ACommon but Differentiated responsibilities amp respective capabilities :Common But Differentiated Responsibilities CBDR was formalized in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC of Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro 1992 It was the first international legal instrument to address climate change and the most comprehensive international attempt to address negative impacts to global environment3 CBDR principle acknowledges all states have shared obligation to address environmental destruction but denies equal responsibility of all states with regard to environmental protectionCBDR is based on relationship between industrialization and climate changeCBDR was not the first differential treatments of countries in international agreements There were other protocols agreements that employed principle of differential treatment• Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer Montreal Protocol• • Washington Naval Treaty• Part IV of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT 19799• principle 23 of Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ320 Recently a national park has been set up in the Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary where clouded leopards are kept in enclosures in a zoological park Where this wildlife sanctuary is located A MeghalayaB TripuraC SikkimD Arunachal PradeshAns BFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ319 Recently in the news there was a term Superbugs What is this A These are the microorganism that are essential for the vital functions of the bodyB These are the enzymes that makes bacteria resistant to broad range of beta-lactam antibioticsC These are the bacteria that causes infection which is difficult to treatD These are the super weeds that are essential in the treatment of less fertile soilsAns CNew Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections The gene for NDM-1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes beta-lactamase enzymes called carbapenemases Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as superbugs because infections caused by them are difficult to treat Such bacteria are usually susceptible only to polymyxins and tigecyclineThe most common bacteria that make this enzyme are gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae but the gene for NDM-1 can spread from one strain of bacteria to another by horizontal gene transferFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ318 With reference to the ancient Pandu caves consider the following statements:1 These caves depicts the characters of the Pandavas of the Mahabharata epic2 They are a significant group of Indian rock-cut architecture representing the Hinayana tradition 3 These are a group of 22 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CESelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D Only 3Ans BPandav Caves:Pandu Caves or Trirashmi Leni Leni being a Marathi word for caves are a group of 24 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CE though additional sculptures were added up to about the 6th century reflecting changes in Buddhist devotional practicesThey are a significant group of early examples of Indian rock-cut architecture initially representing the so-called Hinayana tradition Most of the caves are viharas except for Cave 18 which is a chaitya of the 1st century BCEThe location of the caves is a holy Buddhist site and is located about 8 km south of the center of Nashik or Nasik Maharashtra IndiaTheir name has nothing to do with the characters Pandavas characters in the Mahabharata epicFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA : FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ317 For which among the following purpose National Water Resource Council has been constituted A It is an international thin tank established in 1996 to promote awareness build political commitment and trigger action on critical water issues at all levelsB To advise the Prime Minister on expenditure of the Australian Government Water Fund between 2004 and 2010C To resolve the water disputes that would arise in the use control and distribution of an interstate riverD It is a non-profit organization that drives economic technology and talent development to support the global water industryAns BNational Water Resource CouncilDissolved 25 November 2014Jurisdiction Commonwealth of AustraliaHeadquarters Turner Australian Capital Territory Motto Australia’s independent voice on national water issuesEmployees 48The key function that the Commission provided was to advise the Prime Minister on expenditure of the Australian Government Water Fund between 2004 and 2010 FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA :FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ316 Who among the following are the members of the Western Pacific Naval Symposium 1 India2 China3 Malaysia4 Australia5 JapanSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 245B 1345C 2345D All are correctAns CThe Western Pacific Naval Symposium are a series of biennial meetings of the Pacific nations to discuss naval matters held on even numbered years A WPNS workshop is held on odd numbered years in between the symposiumsMember countries as of 2010: Australia Brunei Cambodia Canada Chile France Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Papua New Guinea Peoples’ Republic of China Philippines Republic of Korea Russia Singapore Thailand Tonga United States of America Vietnam Observers: Bangladesh India Mexico PeruFRAMED FROM GK TODAY MAGAZINEQ315 Who among the following is/are the members of the Boao Forum for Asia BFA 1 China2 India3 FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of CommerceSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans AIt is a non-profit organisation that hosts high-level forums for leaders from government business and academia in Asia and other continents to share their vision on the most pressing issues in this dynamic region and the world at large BFA is modeled after the World Economic Forum held annually in Davos SwitzerlandThe Forum is committed to promoting regional economic integration and bringing Asian countries even closer to their development goals FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA :FROM OUR MOCK SERIES 2018 PRELIMSQ314 Terai Arc Landscape program aims to protect which among the following terrestrial flagship species 1 African elephant2 Great Horned Rhinoceros3 Asian Elephant4 Golden LionSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 2B 234C Only 2 amp 3D 124Ans CTerai Arc Landscape Program:The program aims to protect three of the five terrestrial flagship species the tiger the Asian elephant and the great one-horned rhinoceros by restoring corridors of forest to link 13 protected areas of Nepal and India to enable wildlife migrationFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ313 What is crowdfunding A Money collected for public welfare projects by levying an entry fee to exhibitions shows etcB Money collected by charitable organisations by placing a donation box at a prominent locationsC Money raised by innovators amp inventors by launching their products amp services through the internetD Money raised by individuals by passing the hat around to onlookers at a street performanceAns CCrowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising many small amounts of money from a large number of people typically via the Internet1 Crowdfunding is a form of crowdsourcing and of alternative finance In 2015 it was estimated that worldwide over US34 billion was raised this waythe term crowdfunding refers to Internet-mediated registries This modern crowdfunding model is generally based on three types of actors: the project initiator who proposes the idea and/or project to be funded individuals or groups who support the idea and a moderating organization the platform that brings the parties together to launch the idea Crowdfunding has been used to fund a wide range of for-profit entrepreneurial ventures such as artistic and creative projects medical expenses travel or community-oriented social entrepreneurship projectsWar bonds are theoretically a form of crowdfunding military conflictsThe Crowdfunding Centre’s May 2014 report identified two primary types of crowdfunding:1 Rewards crowdfunding: entrepreneurs presell a product or service to launch a business concept without incurring debt or sacrificing equity/shares2 Equity crowdfunding: the backer receives shares of a company usually in its early stages in exchange for the money pledgedFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ312 The meaning of carbon footprint is described by the amount of :A Carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual organization or communityB Greenhouse gases emitted by industries contributing to global warmingC Carbon emissions released by the burning of jet fuelD Increase in the carbon content of the atmosphere due to the felling of treesAns AA carbon footprint is historically defined as the total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual event organisation or product expressed as carbon dioxide equivalentA measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide CO2 and methane CH4 emissions of a defined population system or activity considering all relevant sources sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population system or activity of interest Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent using the relevant 100-year global warming potentialGWP100Carbon footprint is one of a family of footprint indicators which also includes water footprint and land footprint• 4Indirect carbon emissions: the carbon footprints of productso 41Foodo 42Textileso 43Materialso 44Cement• 5Schemes to reduce carbon emissions: Kyoto Protocol carbon offsetting and certificatesCarbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and the emissions of other GHGs are often associated with the burning of fossil fuels like natural gas crude oil and coal The Kyoto Protocol defines legally binding targets and timetables for cutting the GHG emissions of industrialized countries that ratified the Kyoto Protocol Accordingly from an economic or market perspective one has to distinguish between a mandatory market and a voluntary market Typical for both markets is the trade with emission certificates:• Certified Emission Reduction CER• Emission Reduction Unit ERU• Verified Emission Reduction VERlocal emissions reduction schemes have no status under the Kyoto Protocol itself they play a prominent role in creating the demand for CERs and ERUs stimulating Emissions Trading and setting a market price for emissionsFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ311 Non-performing Assets decline in value when 1 Demand revives in the economy 2 capacity utilization increases3 Capacity utilization through substantive is yet optimal4 Capacity utilization decreases consequent upon merger of unitsSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B 124C 123D 1234Ans CA Non-performing asset NPA is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/or installment of principal has remained ‘past due’ for a specified period of time In simple terms an asset is tagged as non performing when it ceases to generate income for the lenderA Non-performing asset NPA is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/or installment of Bond finance principal has remained ‘past due’ for a specified period of time NPA is used by financial institutions that refer to loans that are in jeopardy of default the so called NPL Once the borrower has failed to make interest or principal payments for 90 days the loan is considered to be a non-performing asset Non-performing assets are problematic for financial institutions since they depend on interest payments for income Troublesome pressure from the economy can lead to a sharp increase in NPLs and often results in massive write-downsAccordingly with effect from March 31 2004 a non-performing asset NPAis a loan or an advance where• Interest and/or installment of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 91 days in respect of a term loan• The account remains ‘out of order’ for a period of more than 90 days in respect of an Overdraft/Cash Credit OD/CC• The bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted• Interest and/or installment of principal remains overdue for two harvest seasons but for a period not exceeding two half years in the case of an advance granted for agricultural purposes and• Any amount to be received remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of other accounts• Non submission of Stock Statements for 3 Continuous Quarters in case of Cash Credit Facility• No active transactions in the account Cash Credit/Over Draft/EPC/PCFC for more than 91daysFROM IES 2018 PRELIMSQ310 Which of the following concepts are relatable to income of members of the public while considering public welfare 1 Sensitivity of demand2 Elasticity of demand3 Sensitive of expenditure 4 Elasticity of expenditureA 1 amp 2B 2 amp 3C 3 amp 4D 1 amp 4Ans BFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ309 Consider the following statements :1 Foods containing carotene Vitamin A or cooking oils are safe to be cooked in a microwave2 Thermocol plates are poor barrier to oxygen and water vapor and has a relatively high melting pointSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns DThermocol plates:-It is a synthetic aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene Polystyrene can be solid or foamed General-purpose polystyrene is clear hard and rather brittle It is an inexpensive resin per unit weight It is a rather poor barrier to oxygen and water vapor and has a relatively low melting pointPolystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics the scale of its production being several million tonnes per yearPolystyrene can be naturally transparent but can be colored with colorants Uses include protective packaging such as packing peanuts and CD and DVD cases containers such as clamshells lids bottles trays tumblers disposable cutlery5 and in the making of modelsPolystyrene is very slow to biodegrade and is therefore a focus of controversy among environmentalists It is increasingly abundant as a form of litter in the outdoor environment particularly along shores and waterways especially in its foam form and also in increasing quantities in the Pacific OceanPolystyrene is chemically very inert being resistant to acids and bases but is easily dissolved by many chlorinated solvents and many aromatic hydrocarbon solvents Because of its resilience and inertness it is used for fabricating many objects of commerce It is attacked by many organic solvents which dissolve the polymer Foamed polystyrene is used for packaging chemicalsLike all organic compounds polystyrene burns to give carbon dioxide and water vapor Polystyrene being an aromatic hydrocarbon typically combusts incompletely as indicated by the sooty flamePolystyrene is generally non-biodegradable Polystyrene is commonly used in containers for food and drinks The styrene monomer from which polystyrene is made is a cancer suspect agentAnother Japanese study conducted on wild-type and AhR-null mice found that the styrene trimer which the authors detected in cooked polystyrene container-packed instant foods may increase thyroid hormone levelsWhether polystyrene can be microwaved with food is controversial Some containers may be safely used in a microwave but only if labelled as such67 Some sources suggest that foods containing carotene Vitamin A or cooking oils must be avoidedLike other organic compounds polystyrene is flammableFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ308 Bio-ethanol can be produced from which of the following feedstocks 1 Bagasses2 Sorghum3 Sugar beetSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 2 amp 3D 123Ans DBio-Ethanol:Ethanol can be produced from a variety of feedstocks such as sugar cane bagasse miscanthus sugar beet sorghum grain switchgrass barley hemp kenaf potatoes sweet potatoes cassava sunflower fruit molasses corn stover grain wheat straw cotton Two types of second generation processes are under development The first type uses enzymes and yeast fermentation to convert the plant cellulose into ethanol while the second type uses pyrolysis to convert the whole plant to either a liquid bio-oil or a syngas Second generation processes can also be used with plants such as grasses wood or agricultural waste material such as strawBy-products such as straw or wood chips can be converted to ethanol Fast growing species like switchgrass can be grown on land not suitable for other cash crops and yield high levels of ethanol per unit areaFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ307 Which among the following has been classified under the category of Eurythermal organism 1 Red Algae2 Coral reefs3 Golden brown AlgaeSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 2D 2 amp 3Ans AEurythermal organisms:Which can tolerate amp thrive in wide range of temperaturesEx: Cat Dog Tiger Red Algae Golden brown Algae Angiosperms sea GrassCryophillic organisms:Which can thrive at lower temperature as low as zero degree centigradeSeals Coral reefs Arctic Crustaceans Salmon FRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ306 As per Kyoto Protocol agreement which among the following is/are the parties of Annex-I Countries 1 Kazakhstan2 Belarus3 TurkeySelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 1 amp 3B 2 amp 3C Only 3D 123Ans BBelarus Malta and Turkey are Annex I Parties but do not have first-round Kyoto targetsFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ305 Consider the following :1 Bastar Iron Craft : Chhatisgarh2 Screw Pine handicraft : Odisha3 Pipili Aplique Work : KeralaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 2C 1 amp 3D Only 1Ans DBastar Iron Craft : ChhatisgarhScrew Pine handicraft : KeralaPipili Aplique Work : OdishaFROM CAPFQ304 Which of the following was/were not related to the Buddha’s life 1 Kanthaka2 Alara Kalama3 Channa4 Goshala MaskariputraWhich among the above statements is/are correct A Only 1B Only 4C 1 amp 2D 3 amp 4AnsBFROM CAPFQ303 With reference to the Wavell plan consider the following provisions :1 Under this plan India was granted dominion status2 Indians would themselves draft the constitution3 Position of secretary of state amp viceroy would remain the same4 Viceroy would retain the power of vetoWhich among the above statements is/are correct A 134B 234C Only 1 amp 4D 1234Ans DThese proposals were not to be applied to the Indian statesFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q302 Which among the following is/are the examples of the Invasive Species 1 Water Hyacinth2 Wild rose3 Mimosa InvisaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A Only 1B 1 amp 3C 1 amp 2D 123Ans DThe invasive water hyacinth is very common often choking the water bodies but it is cleared during destructive floods Another invasive species Mimosa invisa which is toxic to herbivores was cleared by Kaziranga staff with help from the Wildlife Trust of India in 2005Invasive species such as Mimosa and wild rose have posed a threat to the native plants in the regionFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIA Q301 Consider the following :1 Ambubachi mela : Assam2 Anthurium Festival : Manipur3 Kut-Festival : MizoramSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 2 amp 3B Only 1C 1 amp 3D 1 amp 2Ans B1 Ambubachi mela : Assam2 Anthurium Festival : Mizoram3 Kut-Festival : Manipur It is an autumn festival of the different tribes of Kuki-Chin-Mizo groups of Manipur FROM IES 2018 PRELIMS Q300 Consider the following statements :Consider the following statements :1 IPDS strengthens the distribution network in urban areas while DDUGJY does the same in rural areas2 DELP focuses to substitute LED bulbs for incandescent bulbs Which of the following statements is/are correct A Only 1B Only 2C Both are correctD Both are incorrectAns C 1
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Warren County Schools no discrimina a base de raza color origen nacional sexo edad religión embarazo orientación sexual o inhabilidad en admissión o acceso a o tratamiento de personas o empleo en sus programas educationales o actividades Las preguntas concernientes pueden ser dirigidas a Assistant Superintendent for Operations Warren County Schools PO Box 110 Warrenton NC 27589 252 257-3184 o a Office for Civil Rights US Department of Health and Human Services 200 Independence Avenue SW Room 509F HHH Building Washington DC 20201 1
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Warren County Schools does not discriminate on the basis of race color national origin gender age religion pregnancy sexual orientation or disability in admission or access to or treatment or employment in its educational programs or activities Inquires can be directed to the Assistant Superintendent for Operations Warren County Schools PO Box 110 Warrenton NC 27589 252 257-3184 or to the Office of Civil Rights US Department of Health and Human Services 200 Independence Avenue SW Room 509F HHH Building Washington DC 20201 1
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Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum French work with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance Its characteristics include the pointed arch the ribbed vault which evolved from the joint vaulting of romanesque architecture and the flying buttress Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals abbeys and churches of Europe It is also the architecture of many castles palaces town halls guild halls universities and to a less prominent extent private dwellings such as dorms and rooms It is in the great churches and cathedrals and in a number of civic buildings that the Gothic style was expressed most powerfully its characteristics lending themselves to appeals to the emotions whether springing from faith or from civic pride A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites For this reason a study of Gothic architecture is largely a study of cathedrals and churches A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th-century England spread through 19th-century Europe and continued largely for ecclesiastical and university structures into the 20th century FRAMED FROM NEW NCERT HISTORYQ196 With respect to Buddhism What are Mandalas A These are mystical maps for the visualization process with cosmic symbolismB These contain rules for the Buddhist monasteriesC These are the soteriological goals of the Buddhist path for monastic lifeD These are the means to escape from the cycle of rebirth amp attain self realizationAns A– In Tibetan Buddhism tradition mandala are mystical maps for the visualization process with cosmic symbolismFRAMED FROM WIKIPEDIAQ195 Who among the following are the members of the Washington Accord 1 India2 China3 Malaysia4 South AfricaSelect the correct answer using the codes given below :A 134B Only 1 amp 2C Only 3D 1234Ans D 1
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The Washington Accord is an international accreditation agreement for professional engineering academic degrees between the bodies responsible for accreditation in its signatory countries The Washington Accord covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach Engineering technology and postgraduate programs are not covered by the accord although some engineering technology programs are covered under the Sydney Accord and the Dublin Accord Only qualifications awarded after the signatory country or region became part of the Washington Accord are recognized The accord is not directly responsible for the licensing of Professional Engineers and the registration of Chartered Engineers but it does cover the academic requirements that are part of the licensing processes in signatory countries India became the permanent member of the Washington Accord It is an esteemed international treaty on engineering studies and mobility of engineers across signatory countries including the US the UK and Australia signatories are: Australia Canada Chinese Taipei Hong Kong China India Ireland Japan Korea Malaysia New Zealand Russia Singapore South Africa Turkey the United Kingdom and the United States The treaty covers undergraduate engineering degrees under Outcome-based education approach The accord doesn’t take into account engineering technology and postgraduate programs Q194 What is meant by Deficit Financing A Capital expenditure on items of public construction public borrowing amp public enterprises B Difference in borrowing amp external amp internal resourcesC Government’s expenditure on excess of revenue which causes a shortage in the budget therby making the government to finance its plans by borrowing D Difference of the total expenditure amp income from all the sourcesAns C 1
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The Sakura cherry blossom or Japanese cherry blossoms trees in Washington DC were given by Japan in 1912 as a gift to celebrate the two nations growing friendship Each year the festival of trees is enjoyed by tens of thousands of people in our Nation’s Capitol who come to view the red white and pink trees The Japanese cherry blossoms in DC are celebrated with the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival otherwise known as the Cherry Blossom Sakura Festival 1
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Credible nuclear deterrence of invasions and conventional wars reduce the risk of large conventional and nuclear wars occurring through escalation of invasions such as the invasion of Belgium in 1914 and the invasion of Poland in 1939 of surprise attacks like those against France in 1940 and of Russia and Pearl Harbor in 1941 Afghanistan in 1979 Kuwait in 1990 or Crimea in 2014 Contrary to irrational pseudo-scientific propaganda the number of nuclear weapons is smaller than the millions of conventional weapons used in large wars and the correct scaling shows that the overall effects are similar not massively different as often claimed for political propaganda by enemies of peace Furthermore the greater time delay of effects from nuclear weapons over the damaged area increases the efficiency of cheap civil defence countermeasures as compared to conventional weapons We need credible effects of nuclear weapons for real world peace: peace through tested proved and practical declassified deterrence and countermeasures against collateral damage Credible deterrence through simple effective protection against concentrated and dispersed invasions and aerial attacks Discussions of the facts as opposed to inaccurate misleading lies of the disarm or be annihilated political dogma variety Hiroshima and Nagasaki anti-nuclear propaganda debunked by the hard facts Walls not wars Walls bring people together by stopping divisive terrorists In conclusion credible nuclear deterrence of conventional war offers a beautiful opportunity to create a peaceful world free from fear peddling ranting dictators The only oppositions you will meet will come from authoritarian obsessed fear peddling myth makers If they can’t tell the truth and face the facts why listen to them Please see our post on the need to deter not only direct threats from nuclear attacks but also conventional wars and invasions that can escalate into nuclear wars as proved by the use of nuclear weapons in WWII for example after they were developed during the war itself and did not trigger or provoke the war linked here here here and here here here and the true scaling law equivalence between a few thousand nuclear weapons and the several million tons of small conventional weapons in a non-nuclear world war as proved by our post summarising key points in Herman Kahn’s much-abused call for credible deterrence On Thermonuclear War linked here Peace comes through tested proved and practical declassified countermeasures against the effects of nuclear weapons chemical weapons and conventional weapons Credible deterrence to end invasions and wars comes through simple effective protection against invasions like low yield tactical weapons and walls and civil defence against collateral damage Peace comes through discussions of the facts as opposed to inaccurate misleading lies of the disarm or be annihilated political dogma variety which are designed to exploit fear to close down criticisms of errors in mainstream orthodoxy In particular please see the post linked here on EMP results from an actual Russian 300 kt test at 290 km altitude over unwarned civilian infrastructure in Kazakhstan on 22 October 1962 which caused no injuries or deaths whatsoever contrary to all of Jeremy Corbyn and CND style lying propaganda that any use of nuclear weapons on civilians would automatically kill millions but shut down the communications and power supply lines! This is not secret but does not make newspaper headlines to debunk CND style dogmas on the alleged incredibility of nuclear deterrence Hiroshima’s air raid shelters were unoccupied because Japanese Army officers were having breakfast when B29s were detected far away says Yoshie Oka the operator of the Hiroshima air raid sirens on 6 August 1945 In a sample of 1881 burns cases in Hiroshima only 17 or 09 percent were due to ignited clothing and 15 or 07 were due to the firestorm flames Dr Harold L Brode’s new book Nuclear Weapons in 800 war migrants drowned on 22 April by EU policy: Photographed fireball shielding by cloud cover in Nuclear weapons effects firestorm and nuclear w Proved 975 survival in completely demolished houses How to achieve peace through tested proved and practical declassified countermeasures against the effects of nuclear weapons chemical weapons and conventional weapons Credible deterrence through simple effective protection against invasions and collateral damage Discussions of the facts as opposed to inaccurate misleading lies of the disarm or be annihilated political dogma variety Hiroshima and Nagasaki anti-nuclear propaganda debunked by the hard facts Walls not wars Walls bring people together by stopping attacks by divide and rule style divisive terrorists contrary to simplistic Vatican propaganda There has never been a war yet which if the facts had been put calmly before the ordinary folk could not have been prevented – British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin House of Commons Debate on Foreign Affairs Hansard 23 November 1945 column 786 unfortunately secret Cabinet committees called democracy for propaganda purposes have not been quite so successful in preventing war Protection is needed against collateral civilian damage and contamination in conventional chemical and nuclear attack with credible low yield clean nuclear deterrence against conventional warfare which in reality not science fiction costs far more lives Anti scientific media who promulgate and exploit terrorism for profit censor 1 vital effective civil defense knowledge and 2 effective safe low yield air burst clean weapons like the Mk54 and W79 which deter conventional warfare and escalation allowing arms negotiations from a position of strength This helped end the Cold War in the 1980s Opposing civil defense and nuclear weapons that really deter conventional war is complacent and dangerousWar and coercion dangers have not stemmed from those who openly attack mainstream mistakes but from those who camouflage themselves as freedom fighters to ban such free criticism itself by making the key facts seem taboo without even a proper debate let alone financing research into unfashionable alternatives Research and education in non-mainstream alternatives is needed before an unprejudiced debate to establish all the basic facts for a real debate “Wisdom itself cannot flourish nor even truth be determined without the give and take of debate and criticism” – Robert Oppenheimer quotation from the H-bomb TV debate hosted by Eleanor Roosevelt 12 February 1950“Apologies for freedom I can’t handle this! Deal from strength or get crushed every time Freedom demands liberty everywhere I’m thinking you see it’s not so easy But we have to stand up tall and answer freedom’s call!” – Freedom Kids CONVENTIONAL WARS HAVE KILLED TENS OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAN RAPIDLY DETER THIS REAL THREAT TO PEACE WITH MINIMAL CASUALTIES ‘During the critical period 8-15 February 1968 the US command realized that conventional bombing was not sufficiently effective The air campaign dropped over 110000 tons of bombs and napalm on the area around Khe Sanh during the 77-day siege the most heavily bombed target in the history of conventional warfare’ – W C Yengst S J Lukasik and M A Jensen Nuclear Weapons that went to War SAID report DSWA-TR-97-25 September 1998 quoted in the 2015 book by the secret Capabilities of Nuclear Weapons editor Dr Harold L Brode Nuclear Weapons in the Cold War page 287 British Nuclear Test Civil Defence ResearchRichard P Feynman ‘This Unscientific Age’ in The Meaning of It All Penguin Books London 1998 pages 106-9: ‘Now I say if a man is absolutely honest and wants to protect the populace from the effects of radioactivity which is what our scientific friends often say they are trying to do then he should work on the biggest number not on the smallest number and he should try to point out that the natural cosmic radioactivity which is absorbed by living in the city of Denver is so much more serious than the smaller doses from nuclear explosions that all the people of Denver ought to move to lower altitudes’“If a man reads or hears a criticism of anything in which he has an interest watch if he shows concern with any question except ‘is it true’ he thereby reveals that his own attitude is unscientific Likewise if he judges an idea not on its merits but with reference to the author of it if he criticizes it as ‘heresy’ if he argues that authority must be right because it is authority The path of truth is paved with critical doubt and lighted by the spirit of objective enquiry the majority of people have resented what seems in retrospect to have been purely matter of fact nothing has aided the persistence of falsehood and the evils resulting from it more than the unwillingness of good people to admit the truth the tendency continues to be shocked by natural comment and to hold certain things too ‘sacred’ to think about How rarely does one meet anyone whose first reaction to anything is to ask: ‘is it true’ Yet unless that is a man’s natural reaction it shows that truth is not uppermost in his mind and unless it is true progress is unlikely” – Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart Why Don’t We Learn from History PEN Books 1944 revised edition Allen and Unwin 1972 Civil defense countermeasures to be taken seriously by the population require the publication of solid facts with the scientific evidence to support those facts against political propaganda to the contrary Secrecy over the effects of nuclear weapons tests does not hinder plutonium and missile production by rogue states but it does hinder civil defense countermeasures by permitting lying political propaganda to go unopposed see linked post here Terrorists successfully prey on the vulnerable The political spreading of lies concerning threats and the alleged ‘impossibility’ of all countermeasures terrorizing the population in order to ‘justify’ supposedly pro-peace disarmament policies in the 1920s-1930s resulted in the secret rearmament of fascist states which were terrorizing the Jews and others eventually leading to World War II Political exaggerations about nuclear weapons effects today: 1 encourage terrorist states and other groups to secretly invest in such weapons to use either for political intimidation or for future use against countries which have no countermeasures and 2 falsely dismiss in the eyes of the media and the public cheap relatively effective countermeasures like civil defense and ABM Therefore doom-mongering media lies make us vulnerable to the proliferation threat today in two ways just as they led to both world wars: 1 Exaggerations of offensive technology and a down-playing of simple countermeasures such as trenches encouraged belligerent states to start World War I in the false belief that modern technology implied overwhelming firepower which would terminate the war quickly on the basis of offensive preparedness: if the facts about simple trench countermeasures against shelling and machine guns during the American Civil War had been properly understood it would have been recognised by Germany that a long war based on munitions production and logistics would be necessary and war would have been seen to be likely to lead to German defeat against countries with larger overseas allies and colonies that could supply munitions and the other resources required to win a long war 2 Exaggerations of aerial bombardment technology after World War I led to disarmament ‘supported by’ false claims that it was impossible to have any defense against a perceived threat of instant annihilation from thousands of aircraft carrying gas and incendiary bombs encouraging fascists to secretly rearm in order to successfully take advantage of the fear and vulnerability caused by this lying political disarmament propaganda Contrived dismissal of civil defense by Marxist “Cambridge Scientists Anti-War Group” bigots: a appeased war-mongering enemies and b maximised war mortality rates Idealism kills Super effective fully proof-tested cheap civil defense makes nuclear deterrence credible to stop conventional war devastation by avoiding collateral damage tit-for-tat retaliation and escalation Historically it has been proved that having weapons is not enough to guarantee a reasonable measure of safety from terrorism and rogue states countermeasures are also needed both to make any deterrent credible and to negate or at least mitigate the effects of a terrorist attack Some people who wear seatbelts die in car crashes some people who are taken to hospital in ambulances even in peace-time die Sometimes lifebelts and lifeboats cannot save lives at sea This lack of a 100 success rate in saving lives doesn’t disprove the value of everyday precautions or of hospitals and medicine Hospitals don’t lull motorists into a false sense of security causing them to drive faster and cause more accidents Like-minded ‘arguments’ against ABM and civil defense are similarly vacuous ‘As long as the threat from Iran persists we will go forward with a missile system that is cost-effective and proven If the Iranian threat is eliminated we will have a stronger basis for security and the driving force for missile-defense construction in Europe will be removed’ – President Obama Prague Castle Czech Republic 4 April 2009 Before 9/11 Caspar Weinberger was quizzed by skeptical critics on the BBC News program Talking Point Friday May 4 2001: Caspar Weinberger quizzed on new US Star Wars ABM plans: ‘The ABM treaty was in 1972 The theory supporting the ABM treaty which prohibits ABM thus making nations vulnerable to terrorism that it will prevent an arms race is perfect nonsense because we have had an arms race all the time we have had the ABM treaty and we have seen the greatest increase in proliferation of nuclear weapons that we have ever had So the ABM treaty preventing an arms race is total nonsense ‘You have to understand that without any defences whatever you are very vulnerable It is like saying we don’t like chemical warfare – we don’t like gas attacks – so we are going to give up and promise not to have any defences ever against them and that of course would mean then we are perfectly safe ‘The Patriot was not a failure in the Gulf War – the Patriot was one of the things which defeated the Scud and in effect helped us win the Gulf War One or two of the shots went astray but that is true of every weapon system that has ever been invented ‘The fact that a missile defence system wouldn’t necessarily block a suitcase bomb is certainly not an argument for not proceeding with a missile defence when a missile that hits can wipe out hundreds of thousands of lives in a second ‘The curious thing about it is that missile defence is not an offensive weapon system – missile defence cannot kill anybody Missile defence can help preserve and protect your people and our allies and the idea that you are somehow endangering people by having a defence strikes me almost as absurd as saying you endanger people by having a gas mask in a gas attack ‘President Bush said that we were going ahead with the defensive system but we would make sure that nobody felt we had offensive intentions because we would accompany it by a unilateral reduction of our nuclear arsenal It seems to me to be a rather clear statement that proceeding with the missile defence system would mean fewer arms of this kind ‘You have had your arms race all the time that the ABM treaty was in effect and now you have an enormous accumulation and increase of nuclear weapons and that was your arms race promoted by the ABM treaty Now if you abolish the ABM treaty you are not going to get another arms race – you have got the arms already there – and if you accompany the missile defence construction with the unilateral reduction of our own nuclear arsenal then it seems to me you are finally getting some kind of inducement to reduce these weapons’ Before the ABM system is in place and afterwards if ABM fails to be 100 effective in an attack or is bypassed by terrorists using a bomb in a suitcase or in a ship civil defense is required and can be effective at saving lives: ‘Paradoxically the more damaging the effect that is the farther out its lethality stretches the more can be done about it because in the last fall of its power it covers vast areas where small mitigations will save very large numbers of people’ – Peter Laurie Beneath the City Streets: A Private Inquiry into the Nuclear Preoccupations of Government Penguin 1974 ‘The purpose of a book is to save people the time and effort of digging things out for themselves we have tried to leave the reader with something tangible – what a certain number of calories roentgens etc means in terms of an effect on the human being we must think of the people we are writing for’ – Dr Samuel Glasstone DSc letter dated 1 February 1957 to Colonel Dent L Lay Chief Weapons Effects Division US Armed Forces Special Weapons Project Washington DC pages 2 and 4 concerning the preparation of The Effects of Nuclear Weapons Glasstone and Dolan stated in The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 1977 Table 1217 on page 546 that the median distance in Hiroshima for survival after 20 days was 012 miles for people in concrete buildings and 13 miles for people standing outdoors Therefore the median distances for survival in modern city buildings and in the open differed by a factor of 11 for Hiroshima the difference in areas was thus a factor of 112 or about 120 Hence taking cover in modern city buildings reduces the casualty rates and the risks of being killed by a factor of 120 for Hiroshima conditions contrary to popular media presented political propaganda that civil defence is hopeless This would reduce 120000 casualties to 1000 casualties From Dr Glasstone’s Effects of Nuclear Weapons 1962/64 ed page 631: ‘At distances between 03 and 04 mile from ground zero in Hiroshima the average survival rate for at least 20 days after the nuclear explosion was less than 20 percent Yet in two reinforced concrete office buildings at these distances almost 90 percent of the nearly 800 occupants survived more than 20 days although some died later of radiation injury Furthermore of approximately 3000 school students who were in the open and unshielded within a mile of ground zero at Hiroshima about 90 percent were dead or missing after the explosion But of nearly 5000 students in the same zone who were shielded in one way or another only 26 percent were fatalities survival in Hiroshima was possible in buildings at such distances that the overpressure in the open was 15 to 20 pounds per square inch it is evident that the area over which protection could be effective in saving lives is roughly eight to ten times as great as that in which the chances of survival are small’ Lord Mayhew House of Lords debate on Civil Defence General Local Authority Functions Regulations Hansard vol 444 cc 523-49 1 November 1983: ‘ if there had been effective civil defence at Hiroshima probably thousands of lives would have been saved and much human suffering would have been avoided There is no question about it ’ Since the 1977 update by Glasstone and Dolan extensive new updates to EM-1 for a further revised edition of The Effects of Nuclear Weapons have not actually been published with unlimited public distribution due to President Carter’s 1979 executive order which transferred responsibility for civil defense from the jurisdiction of the US Department of Defense’s Defense Civil Preparedness Agency to the new agency which is not an Agency of the US Department of Defense and is not concerned with the analysis of nuclear weapons test effects data the Federal Emergency Management Agency However the February 1997 US Department of Defense’s Defense Special Weapons Agency 0602715H RDTampE Budget Item Justification Sheet R-2 Exhibit states that a revision of Glasstone and Dolan’s unclassified Effects of Nuclear Weapons was budgeted for 1997-9: “FY 1997 Plans: Provide text to update Glasstone’s book The Effects of Nuclear Weapons the standard reference for nuclear weapons effects Update the unclassified textbook entitled The Effects of Nuclear Weapons Continue revision of Glasstone’s book The Effects of Nuclear Weapons the standard reference for nuclear weapons effects FY1999 Plans Disseminate updated The Effects of Nuclear Weapons” The new publications are either classified or unclassified with limited distribution restrictions eg Bridgman’s Introduction to the Physics of Nuclear Weapons Effects which includes several chapters on nuclear weapons design to enable initial radiation outputs to be calculated precisely which prevents up-to-date basic nuclear effects information to justify civil defense against the latest nuclear threats from being widely disseminated the books are printed for use only by government agencies The problem with this approach is that widespread public understanding of the best information for civil defense countermeasures is prevented ‘The evidence from Hiroshima indicates that blast survivors both injured and uninjured in buildings later consumed by fire caused by the blast overturning charcoal braziers used for breakfast in inflammable wooden houses filled with easily ignitable bamboo furnishings and paper screens were generally able to move to safe areas following the explosion Of 130 major buildings studied by the US Strategic Bombing Survey 107 were ultimately burned out Of those suffering fire about 20 percent were burning after the first half hour The remainder were consumed by fire spread some as late as 15 hours after the blast This situation is not unlike the one our computer-based fire spread model described for Detroit’ – Defense Civil Preparedness Agency US Department of Defense DCPA Attack Environment Manual Chapter 3: What the Planner Needs to Know About Fire Ignition and Spread report CPG 2-1A3 June 1973 Panel 27 The Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima Japan US Strategic Bombing Survey Pacific Theatre report 92 volume 2 May 1947 secret: Volume one page 14: “ the city lacked buildings with fire-protective features such as automatic fire doors and automatic sprinkler systems” and pages 26-28 state the heat flash in Hiroshima was only: “ capable of starting primary fires in exposed easily combustible materials such as dark cloth thin paper or dry rotted wood exposed to direct radiation at distances usually within 4000 feet of the point of detonation AZ” Volume two examines the firestorm and the ignition of clothing by the thermal radiation flash in Hiroshima: Page 24: “Scores of persons throughout all sections of the city were questioned concerning the ignition of clothing by the flash from the bomb Ten school boys were located during the study who had been in school yards about 6200 feet east and 7000 feet west respectively from AZ air zero These boys had flash burns on the portions of their faces which had been directly exposed to rays of the bomb The boys’ stories were consistent to the effect that their clothing apparently of cotton materials ‘smoked’ but did not burst into flame a boy’s coat started to smoulder from heat rays at 3800 feet from AZ” Contrast this to the obfuscation and vagueness in Glasstone The Effects of Nuclear Weapons! Page 88: “Ignition of the City Only directly exposed surfaces were flash burned Measured from GZ flash burns on wood poles were observed at 13000 feet granite was roughened or spalled by heat at 1300 feet and vitreous tiles on roofs were blistered at 4000 feet six persons who had been in reinforced-concrete buildings within 3200 feet of air zero stated that black cotton blackout curtains were ignited by radiant heat dark clothing was scorched and in some cases reported to have burst into flame from flash heat although as the 1946 unclassified USSBS report admits most immediately beat the flames out with their hands without sustaining injury because the clothing was not drenched in gasoline unlike peacetime gasoline tanker road accident victims “ but a large proportion of over 1000 persons questioned was in agreement that a great majority of the original fires was started by debris falling on kitchen charcoal fires by industrial process fires or by electric short circuits Hundreds of fires were reported to have started in the centre of the city within 10 minutes after the explosion Of the total number of buildings investigated 135 buildings are listed 107 caught fire and in 69 instances the probable cause of initial ignition of the buildings or their contents was as follows: 1 8 by direct radiated heat from the bomb primary fire 2 8 by secondary sources and 3 53 by fire spread from exposed wooden buildings” ‘It is true that the Soviets have tested nuclear weapons of a yield higher than that which we thought necessary but the 100-megaton bomb of which they spoke two years ago does not and will not change the balance of strategic power The United States has chosen deliberately to concentrate on more mobile and more efficient weapons with lower but entirely sufficient yield ’ – President John F Kennedy in his television broadcast to the American public 26 July 1963 ‘During World War II many large cities in England Germany and Japan were subjected to terrific attacks by high-explosive and incendiary bombs Yet when proper steps had been taken for the protection of the civilian population and for the restoration of services after the bombing there was little if any evidence of panic It is the purpose of this book to state the facts concerning the atomic bomb and to make an objective scientific analysis of these facts It is hoped that as a result although it may not be feasible completely to allay fear it will at least be possible to avoid panic’ – Dr George Gamow the big bang cosmologist Dr Samuel Glasstone DSc Executive Editor of the book and Professor Joseph O Hirschfelder The Effects of Atomic Weapons Chapter 1 p 1 Paragraph 13 US Department of Defense September 1950 ‘The consequences of a multiweapon nuclear attack would certainly be grave Nevertheless recovery should be possible if plans exist and are carried out to restore social order and to mitigate the economic disruption’ – Philip J Dolan editor of Nuclear Weapons Employment FM 101-31 1963 Capabilities of Nuclear Weapons DNA-EM-1 1972 and The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 1977 Stanford Research Institute Appendix A of the US National Council on Radiological protection NCRP symposium The Control of Exposure to the Public of Ionising Radiation in the Event of Accident or Attack 1981 ‘Suppose the bomb dropped on Hiroshima had been 1000 times as powerful It could not have killed 1000 times as many people but at most the entire population of Hiroshima regarding the hype about various nuclear overkill exaggerations there is enough water in the oceans to drown everyone ten times’ – Professor Brian Martin PhD physics ‘The global health effects of nuclear war’ Current Affairs Bulletin Vol 59 No 7 December 1982 pp 14-26 In 1996 half a century after the nuclear detonations data on cancers from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors was published by D A Pierce et al of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation RERF Radiation Research vol 146 pp 1-27 Science vol 272 pp 632-3 for 86572 survivors of whom 60 had received bomb doses of over 5 mSv or 500 millirem in old units suffering 4741 cancers of which only 420 were due to radiation consisting of 85 leukemias and 335 solid cancers ‘Today we have a population of 2383 radium dial painter cases for whom we have reliable body content measurements All 64 bone sarcoma cancer cases occurred in the 264 cases with more than 10 Gy 1000 rads while no sarcomas appeared in the 2119 radium cases with less than 10 Gy’ – Dr Robert Rowland Director of the Center for Human Radiobiology Bone Sarcoma in Humans Induced by Radium: A Threshold Response Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting European Society for Radiation Biology Radioprotection colloquies Vol 32CI 1997 pp 331-8 Zbigniew Jaworowski ‘Radiation Risk and Ethics: Health Hazards Prevention Costs and Radiophobia’ Physics Today April 2000 pp 89-90: ‘ it is important to note that given the effects of a few seconds of irradiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 a threshold near 200 mSv may be expected for leukemia and some solid tumors Sources: UNSCEAR Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation New York 1994 W F Heidenreich et al Radiat Environ Biophys vol 36 1999 p 205 and B L Cohen Radiat Res vol 149 1998 p 525 For a protracted lifetime natural exposure a threshold may be set at a level of several thousand millisieverts for malignancies of 10 grays for radium-226 in bones and probably about 15-20 Gy for lung cancer after x-ray and gamma irradiation Sources: G Jaikrishan et al Radiation Research vol 152 1999 p S149 for natural exposure R D Evans Health Physics vol 27 1974 p 497 for radium-226 H H Rossi and M Zaider Radiat Environ Biophys vol 36 1997 p 85 for radiogenic lung cancer The hormetic effects such as a decreased cancer incidence at low doses and increased longevity may be used as a guide for estimating practical thresholds and for setting standards ‘Though about a hundred of the million daily spontaneous DNA damages per cell remain unrepaired or misrepaired apoptosis differentiation necrosis cell cycle regulation intercellular interactions and the immune system remove about 99 of the altered cells Source: R D Stewart Radiation Research vol 152 1999 p 101 ‘Due to the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 as of 1998 according to UNSCEAR a total of 1791 thyroid cancers in children had been registered About 93 of the youngsters have a prospect of full recovery Source: C R Moir and R L Telander Seminars in Pediatric Surgery vol 3 1994 p 182 The highest average thyroid doses in children 177 mGy were accumulated in the Gomel region of Belarus The highest incidence of thyroid cancer 179 cases per 100000 children occurred there in 1995 which means that the rate had increased by a factor of about 25 since 1987 ‘This rate increase was probably a result of improved screening not radiation! Even then the incidence rate for occult thyroid cancers was still a thousand times lower than it was for occult thyroid cancers in nonexposed populations in the US for example the rate is 13000 per 100000 persons and in Finland it is 35600 per 100000 persons Thus given the prospect of improved diagnostics there is an enormous potential for detecting yet more fictitious excess thyroid cancers In a study in the US that was performed during the period of active screening in 1974-79 it was determined that the incidence rate of malignant and other thyroid nodules was greater by 21-fold than it had been in the pre-1974 period Source: Z Jaworowski 21st Century Science and Technology vol 11 1998 issue 1 p 14’ ‘Professor Edward Lewis used data from four independent populations exposed to radiation to demonstrate that the incidence of leukemia was linearly related to the accumulated dose of radiation Outspoken scientists including Linus Pauling used Lewis’s risk estimate to inform the public about the danger of nuclear fallout by estimating the number of leukemia deaths that would be caused by the test detonations In May of 1957 Lewis’s analysis of the radiation-induced human leukemia data was published as a lead article in Science magazine In June he presented it before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy of the US Congress’ – Abstract of thesis by Jennifer Caron Edward Lewis and Radioactive Fallout: the Impact of Caltech Biologists Over Nuclear Weapons Testing in the 1950s and 60s Caltech January 2003 Dr John F Loutit of the Medical Research Council Harwell England in 1962 wrote a book called Irradiation of Mice and Men University of Chicago Press Chicago and London discrediting the pseudo-science from geneticist Edward Lewis on pages 61 and 78-79: ‘ Mole R H Mole Brit J Radiol v32 p497 1959 gave different groups of mice an integrated total of 1000 r of X-rays over a period of 4 weeks But the dose-rate – and therefore the radiation-free time between fractions – was varied from 81 r/hour intermittently to 13 r/hour continuously The incidence of leukemia varied from 40 per cent within 15 months of the start of irradiation in the first group to 5 per cent in the last compared with 2 per cent incidence in irradiated controls … ‘What Lewis did and which I have not copied was to include in his table another group – spontaneous incidence of leukemia Brooklyn NY – who are taken to have received only natural background radiation throughout life at the very low dose-rate of 01-02 rad per year: the best estimate is listed as 2 x 10-6 like the others in the table But the value of 2 x 10-6 was not calculated from the data as for the other groups it was merely adopted By its adoption and multiplication with the average age in years of Brooklyners – 337 years and radiation dose per year of 01-02 rad – a mortality rate of 7 to 13 cases per million per year due to background radiation was deduced or some 10-20 per cent of the observed rate of 65 cases per million per year ‘All these points are very much against the basic hypothesis of Lewis of a linear relation of dose to leukemic effect irrespective of time Unhappily it is not possible to claim for Lewis’s work as others have done “It is now possible to calculate – within narrow limits – how many deaths from leukemia will result in any population from an increase in fall-out or other source of radiation” Leading article in Science vol 125 p 963 1957 This is just wishful journalese ‘The burning questions to me are not what are the numbers of leukemia to be expected from atom bombs or radiotherapy but what is to be expected from natural background Furthermore to obtain estimates of these I believe it is wrong to go to 1950s inaccurate dose rate effect ignoring data from atom bombs where the radiations are qualitatively different ie including effects from neutrons and more important the dose-rate outstandingly different’ Samuel Glasstone and Philip J Dolan The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 3rd ed 1977 pp 611-3: ‘From the earlier studies of radiation-induced mutations made with fruitflies by Nobel Laureate Hermann J Muller and other geneticists who worked on plants who falsely hyped their insect and plant data as valid for mammals like humans during the June 1957 US Congressional Hearings on fallout effects it appeared that the number or frequency of mutations in a given population is proportional to the total dose More recent experiments with mice however have shown that these conclusions need to be revised at least for mammals Mammals are biologically closer to humans in respect to DNA repair mechanisms than short-lived insects whose life cycles are too small to have forced the evolutionary development of advanced DNA repair mechanisms unlike mammals that need to survive for decades before reproducing When exposed to X-rays or gamma rays the mutation frequency in these animals has been found to be dependent on the exposure or dose rate ‘At an exposure rate of 0009 roentgen per minute 054 R/hour the total mutation frequency in female mice is indistinguishable from the spontaneous frequency Emphasis added There thus seems to be an exposure-rate threshold below which radiation-induced mutations are absent with adult female mice a delay of at least seven weeks between exposure to a substantial dose of radiation either neutrons or gamma rays and conception causes the mutation frequency in the offspring to drop almost to zero recovery in the female members of the population would bring about a substantial reduction in the ‘load’ of mutations in subsequent generations’ George Bernard Shaw cynically explains groupthink brainwashing bias: ‘We cannot help it because we are so constituted that we always believe finally what we wish to believe The moment we want to believe something we suddenly see all the arguments for it and become blind to the arguments against it The moment we want to disbelieve anything we have previously believed we suddenly discover not only that there is a mass of evidence against but that this evidence was staring us in the face all the time’ From the essay titled ‘What is Science’ by Professor Richard P Feynman presented at the fifteenth annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association 1966 in New York City and published in The Physics Teacher vol 7 issue 6 1968 pp 313-20: ‘ great religions are dissipated by following form without remembering the direct content of the teaching of the great leaders In the same way it is possible to follow form and call it science but that is pseudo-science In this way we all suffer from the kind of tyranny we have today in the many institutions that have come under the influence of pseudoscientific advisers ‘We have many studies in teaching for example in which people make observations make lists do statistics and so on but these do not thereby become established science established knowledge They are merely an imitative form of science analogous to the South Sea Islanders’ airfields – radio towers etc made out of wood The islanders expect a great airplane to arrive They even build wooden airplanes of the same shape as they see in the foreigners’ airfields around them but strangely enough their wood planes do not fly The result of this pseudoscientific imitation is to produce experts which many of you are you teachers who are really teaching children at the bottom of the heap can maybe doubt the experts As a matter of fact I can also define science another way: Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts’ Richard P Feynman ‘This Unscientific Age’ in The Meaning of It All Penguin Books London 1998 pages 106-9: ‘Now I say if a man is absolutely honest and wants to protect the populace from the effects of radioactivity which is what our scientific friends often say they are trying to do then he should work on the biggest number not on the smallest number and he should try to point out that the natural cosmic radioactivity which is absorbed by living in the city of Denver is so much more serious than the smaller doses from nuclear explosions that all the people of Denver ought to move to lower altitudes’ Feynman is not making a point about low level radiation effects but about the politics of ignoring the massive natural background radiation dose while provoking hysteria over much smaller measured fallout pollution radiation doses Why is the anti-nuclear lobby so concerned about banning nuclear energy – which is not possible even in principle since most of our nuclear radiation is from the sun and from supernova debris contaminating the Earth from the explosion that created the solar system circa 4540 million years ago – when they could cause much bigger radiation dose reductions to the population by concentrating on the bigger radiation source natural background radiation It is possible to shield natural background radiation by the air eg by moving the population of high altitude cities to lower altitudes where there is more air between the people and outer space or banning the use of high-altitude jet aircraft The anti-nuclear lobby as Feynman stated back in the 1960s didn’t crusade to reduce the bigger dose from background radiation Instead they chose to argue against the much smaller doses from fallout pollution Feynman’s argument is still today falsely interpreted as a political statement when it is actually exposing pseudo-science and countering political propaganda It is still ignored by the media It has been pointed out by Senator Hickenlooper on page 1060 of the May-June 1957 US Congressional Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy The Nature of Radioactive Fallout and Its Effects on Man: ‘I presume all of us would earnestly hope that we never had to test atomic weapons but by the same token I presume that we want to save thousands of lives in this country every year and we could just abolish the manufacture of road accident causing automobiles ’ Dihydrogen monoxide is a potentially very dangerous chemical containing hydrogen and oxygen which has caused numerous severe burns by scalding and deaths by drowning contributes to the greenhouse effect accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals and contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape: ‘Dihydrogen monoxide DHMO is colorless odorless tasteless and kills uncounted thousands of people every year Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include excessive sweating and urination and possibly a bloated feeling nausea vomiting and body electrolyte imbalance For those who have become dependent DHMO withdrawal means certain death’ From the site for the petition against dihydrogen monoxide: ‘Please sign this petition and help stop This Invisible Killer Get the government to do something now Contamination Is Reaching Epidemic Proportions! Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been found in almost every stream lake and reservoir in America today But the pollution is global and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property damage in the Midwest and recently California’ A recent example of the pseudoscientific radiation ‘education’ masquerading as science that Feynman quoted above objected to in the 1960s was published in 2009 in an article called ‘The proportion of childhood leukaemia incidence in Great Britain that may be caused by natural background ionizing radiation’ in Leukemia vol 23 2009 pp 770–776 which falsely asserts – in contradiction to the evidence that the no-threshold model is contrary to Hiroshima and Nagasaki data: ‘Risk models based primarily on studies of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors imply that low-level exposure to ionizing radiation including ubiquitous natural background radiation also raises the risk of childhood leukaemia Using two sets of recently published leukaemia risk models and estimates of natural background radiation red-bone-marrow doses received by children about 20 of the cases of childhood leukaemia in Great Britain are predicted to be attributable to this source’ The authors of this pseudoscience which is the opposite of the facts are R Wakeford Dalton Nuclear Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK G M Kendall Childhood Cancer Research Group Oxford UK and M P Little Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Imperial College London UK It is disgusting and sinful that the facts about childhood leukemia are being lied on so blatantly for non-scientific purposes and it is to be hoped that these leukemia investigators will either correct their errors or alternatively be banned from using scientific literature to promote false dogma for deception until they mend the error of their ways and repent their sins in this matter Protein P53 discovered only in 1979 is encoded by gene TP53 which occurs on human chromosome 17 P53 also occurs in other mammals including mice rats and dogs P53 is one of the proteins which continually repairs breaks in DNA which easily breaks at body temperature: the DNA in each cell of the human body suffers at least two single strand breaks every second and one double strand ie complete double helix DNA break occurs at least once every 2 hours 5 of radiation-induced DNA breaks are double strand breaks while 0007 of spontaneous DNA breaks at body temperature are double strand breaks! Cancer occurs when several breaks in DNA happen to occur by chance at nearly the same time giving several loose strand ends at once which repair proteins like P53 then repair incorrectly causing a mutation which can be proliferated somatically This cannot occur when only one break occurs because only two loose ends are produced and P53 will reattach them correctly But if low-LET ionising radiation levels are increased to a certain extent causing more single strand breaks P53 works faster and is able deal with faster breaks as they occur so that multiple broken strand ends do not arise This prevents DNA strands being repaired incorrectly and prevents cancer – a result of mutation caused by faults in DNA – from arising Too much radiation of course overloads the P53 repair mechanism and then it cannot repair breaks as they occur so multiple breaks begin to appear and loose ends of DNA are wrongly connected by P53 causing an increased cancer risk 1 DNA-damaging free radicals are equivalent to a source of sparks which is always present naturally 2 Cancer is equivalent the fire you get if the sparks are allowed to ignite the gasoline ie if the free radicals are allowed to damage DNA without the damage being repaired 3 Protein P53 is equivalent to a fire suppression system which is constantly damping out the sparks or repairing the damaged DNA so that cancer doesn’t occur In this way of thinking the ‘cause’ of cancer will be down to a failure of a DNA repairing enzyme like protein P53 to repair the damage Dr Jane Orient ‘Homeland Security for Physicians’ Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons vol 11 number 3 Fall 2006 pp 75-9: ‘In the 1960s a group of activist physicians called Physicians for Social Responsibility PSR undertook to educate the medical profession and the world about the dangers of nuclear weapons beginning with a series of articles in the New England Journal of Medicine Note that journal was publishing information for anti-civil defense propaganda back in 1949 eg the article in volume 241 pp 647-53 of New England Journal of Medicine which falsely suggests that civil defense in nuclear war would be hopeless because a single burned patient in 1947 with 40 body area burns required 42 oxygen tanks 36 pints of plasma 40 pints of whole blood 104 pints of fluids 4300 m of gauze 3 nurses and 2 doctors First only unclothed persons in direct line of sight without shadowing can get 40 body area burns from thermal radiation second duck and cover offers protection in a nuclear attack warning and G V LeRoy had already published two years earlier in JAMA volume 134 1947 pp 1143-8 that less than 5 of burns in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were caused by building and debris fires In medicine it is always possible to expend vast resources on patients who are fatally injured In a mass casualty situation doctors should not give up just because they don’t have unlimited resources as at Hiroshima and Nagasaki they would need to do their best with what they have On its website wwwpsrorg the group boasts that it led the campaign to end atmospheric nuclear testing With this campaign the linear no-threshold LNT theory of radiation carcinogenesis became entrenched It enabled activists to calculate enormous numbers of potential casualties by taking a tiny risk and multiplying it by the population of the earth As an enduring consequence the perceived risks of radiation are far out of proportion to actual risks causing tremendous damage to the American nuclear industry Efforts to save lives were not only futile but unethical: Any suggestion that nuclear war could be survivable increased its likelihood and was thus tantamount to warmongering PSR spokesmen warned ‘For the mindset that engendered and enables this situation which jeopardizes the existence of the United States as a nation as well as the lives of millions of its citizens some American physicians and certain prestigious medical organizations bear a heavy responsibility ‘Ethical physicians should stand ready to help patients to the best of their ability and not advocate sacrificing them in the name of a political agenda Even very basic knowledge especially combined with simple inexpensive advance preparations could save countless lives’ Dr Theodore B Taylor Proceedings of the Second Interdisciplinary Conference on Selected Effects of a General War DASIAC Special Report 95 July 1969 vol 2 DASA-2019-2 AD0696959 page 298 also linked here: ‘I must just say that as far as I’m concerned I have had some doubts about whether we should have had a civil defense program in the past I have no doubt whatsoever now for this reason that I’ve seen ways in which the deterrent forces can fail to hold things off so that no matter what our national leaders do criminal organizations what have you groups of people over which we have no control whatsoever can threaten other groups of people’ This point of Taylor is the key fact on the morality Suppose we disarm and abandon nuclear power That won’t stop fallout from a war terrorists or a foreign reactor blast from coming Civil defence knowledge is needed Even when America has ABM it will be vulnerable to wind carried fallout No quantity of pacifist hot air will protect people against radiation Charles J Hitch and Roland B McKean of the RAND Corporation in their 1960 book The Economics of Defense in the Nuclear Age Harvard University Press Massachusetts pp 310-57: ‘With each side possessing only a small striking force a small amount of cheating would give one side dominance over the other and the incentive to cheat and prepare a preventative attack would be strong With each side possessing say several thousand missiles a vast amount of cheating would be necessary to give one side the ability to wipe out the other’s striking capability the more extensive a disarmament agreement is the smaller the force that a violator would have to hide in order to achieve complete domination Most obviously “the abolition of the weapons necessary in a general or ‘unlimited’ war” would offer the most insuperable obstacles to an inspection plan since the violator could gain an overwhelming advantage from the concealment of even a few weapons’ Disarmament after World War I caused the following problem which led to World War II reported by Winston S Churchill in the London Daily Express newspaper of November 1 1934: ‘Germany is arming secretly illegally and rapidly A reign of terror exists in Germany to keep secret the feverish and terrible preparations they are making’ British Prime Minister Thatcher’s address to the United Nations General Assembly on disarmament on 23 June 1982 where she pointed out that in the years since the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 10 million people had been killed by 140 non-nuclear conflicts: ‘The fundamental risk to peace is not the existence of weapons of particular types It is the disposition on the part of some states to impose change on others by resorting to force against other nations Aggressors do not start wars because an adversary has built up his own strength They start wars because they believe they can gain more by going to war than by remaining at peace’ J D Culshaw the then Director of the UK Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch stated in his article in the Scientific Advisory Branch journal Fission Fragments September 1972 issue No 19 classified ‘Restricted’: ‘Apart from those who don’t want to know or can’t be bothered there seem to be three major schools of thought about the nature of a possible Third World War ‘The first group think of something like World War II but a little worse ‘ the second of World War II but very much worse ‘and the third group think in terms of a catastrophe ‘When the Armageddon concept is in favour the suggestion that such problems exist leads to way out research on these phenomena and it is sufficient to mention a new catastrophic threat eg 10 years later this was done by Sagan with nuclear winter hype which turned out to be fake because modern concrete cities can’t produce firestorms like 1940s wooden-built areas of Hamburg Dresden and Hiroshima to stimulate research into the possibilities of it arising The underlying appeal of this concept is that if one could show that the execution of all out nuclear biological or chemical warfare would precipitate the end of the world no one but a mad man would be prepared to initiate such a war However as history proves plenty of mad men end up gaining power and leading countries into wars’ J K S Clayton then Director of the UK Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch stated in his introduction entitled The Challenge – Why Home Defence to the 1977 Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch Training Manual for Scientific Advisers: ‘Since 1945 we have had nine wars – in Korea Malaysia and Vietnam between China and India China and Russia India and Pakistan and between the Arabs and Israelis on three occasions We have had confrontations between East and West over Berlin Formosa and Cuba There have been civil wars or rebellions in no less than eleven countries and invasions or threatened invasions of another five Whilst it is not suggested that all these incidents could have resulted in major wars they do indicate the aptitude of mankind to resort to a forceful solution of its problems sometimes with success ‘ It is estimated that Mongol invaders exterminated 35 million Chinese between 1311-40 without modern weapons Communist Chinese killed 263 million dissenters between 1949 and May 1965 according to detailed data compiled by the Russians on 7 April 1969 The Soviet communist dictatorship killed 40 million dissenters mainly owners of small farms between 1917-59 Conventional non-nuclear air raids on Japan killed 600000 during World War II The single incendiary air raid on Tokyo on 10 March 1945 killed 140000 people more than the total for nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined at much less than the 2 billion expense of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bombs! Non-nuclear air raids on Germany during World War II killed 593000 civilians The argument that the enemy will continue stocking megaton fallout weapons if we go to cleaner weapons is irrelevant for deterrence since we’re not planning to start war just to credibly deter invasions You should not try to lower your standards of warfare to those of your enemy to appease groupthink taboos or you will end up like Britain’s leaders in the 1930s trying to collaborate with fascists for popular applause House of Lords debate Nuclear Weapons: Destructive Power published in Hansard 14 June 1988: Lord Hailsham of Saint Marylebone: ‘My Lords if we are going into the question of lethality of weapons and seek thereby to isolate the nuclear as distinct from the so-called conventional range is there not a danger that the public may think that Vimy Passchendaele and Dresden were all right—sort of tea parties—and that nuclear war is something which in itself is unacceptable’ Lord Trefgarne: ‘My Lords the policy of making Europe or the rest of the world safe for conventional war is not one that I support’ House of Commons debate Civil Defence published in Hansard 26 October 1983: Mr Bill Walker Tayside North: ‘I remind the House that more people died at Stalingrad than at Hiroshima or Nagasaki Yet people talk about fighting a conventional war in Europe as if it were acceptable One rarely sees demonstrations by the so-called peace movement against a conventional war in Europe but it could be nothing but ghastly and horrendous The casualties would certainly exceed those at Stalingrad and that cannot be acceptable to anyone who wants peace’ On 29 October 1982 Thatcher stated of the Berlin Wall: ‘In every decade since the war the Soviet leaders have been reminded that their pitiless ideology only survives because it is maintained by force But the day comes when the anger and frustration of the people is so great that force cannot contain it Then the edifice cracks: the mortar crumbles one day liberty will dawn on the other side of the wall’ On 22 November 1990 she said: ‘Today we have a Europe where the threat to our security from the overwhelming conventional forces of the Warsaw Pact has been removed where the Berlin Wall has been torn down and the Cold War is at an end These immense changes did not come about by chance They have been achieved by strength and resolution in defence and by a refusal ever to be intimidated’ ‘The case for civil defence stands regardless of whether a nuclear deterrent is necessary or not Even if the UK were not itself at war we would be as powerless to prevent fallout from a nuclear explosion crossing the sea as was King Canute to stop the tide’ – UK Home Office leaflet Civil Defence 1982 ‘ peace cannot be guaranteed absolutely Nobody can be certain no matter what policies this or any other Government were to adopt that the United Kingdom would never again be attacked Also we cannot tell what form such an attack might take Current strategic thinking suggests that if war were to break out it would start with a period of conventional hostilities of uncertain duration which might or might not escalate to nuclear conflict while nuclear weapons exist there must always be a chance however small that they will be used against us like gas bombs in World War II as a consequence of war between other nations in which we were not involved fall out from nuclear explosions could fall on a neutral Britain conventional war is not the soft option that is sometimes suggested It is also too easily forgotten that in World War II some 50 million people died and that conventional weapons have gone on killing people ever since 1945 without respite’ – – The Minister of State Scottish Office Lord Gray of Contin House of Lords debate on Civil Defence General Local Authority Functions Regulations Hansard vol 444 cc 523-49 1 November 1983 ‘All of us are living in the light and warmth of a huge hydrogen bomb 860000 miles across and 93 million miles away which is in a state of continuous explosion’ – Dr Isaac Asimov ‘Dr Edward Teller remarked recently that the origin of the earth was somewhat like the explosion of the atomic bomb’ – Dr Harold C Urey The Planets: Their Origin and Development Yale University Press New Haven 1952 p ix ‘But compared with a supernova a hydrogen bomb is the merest trifle For a supernova is equal in violence to about a million million million million hydrogen bombs all going off at the same time’ – Sir Fred Hoyle 1915-2001 The Nature of the Universe Pelican Books London 1963 p 75 ‘In fact physicists find plenty of interesting and novel physics in the environment of a nuclear explosion Some of the physical phenomena are valuable objects of research and promise to provide further understanding of nature’ – Dr Harold L Brode The RAND Corporation ‘Review of Nuclear Weapons Effects’ Annual Review of Nuclear Science Volume 18 1968 pp 153-202 ‘It seems that similarities do exist between the processes of formation of single particles from nuclear explosions and formation of the solar system from the debris of a 4 x 1028 megatons of TNT equivalent type Ia supernova explosion We may be able to learn much more about the origin of the earth by further investigating the process of radioactive fallout from the nuclear weapons tests’ – Dr Paul K Kuroda 1917-2001 University of Arkansas ‘Radioactive Fallout in Astronomical Settings: Plutonium-244 in the Early Environment of the Solar System’ pages 83-96 of Radionuclides in the Environment: A Symposium Sponsored By the Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology At the 155th Meeting of the American Chemical Society San Francisco California April 1-3 1968 edited by Symposium Chairman Dr Edward C Freiling 1922-2000 of the US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory Advances in Chemistry Series No 93 American Chemical Society Washington DC 1970 Dr Paul K Kuroda 1917-2001 in 1956 correctly predicted the existence of water-moderated natural nuclear reactors in flooded uranium ore seams which were discovered in 1972 by French physicist Francis Perrin in three ore deposits at Oklo in Gabon where sixteen sites operated as natural nuclear reactors with self-sustaining nuclear fission 2000 million years ago each lasting several hundred thousand years averaging 100 kW The radioactive waste they generated remained in situ for a period of 2000000000 years without escaping They were discovered during investigations into why the U-235 content of the uranium in the ore was only 07171 instead of the normal 07202 Some of the ore in the middle of the natural reactors had a U-235 isotopic abundance of just 0440 Kuroda’s brilliant paper is entitled ‘On the Nuclear Physical Stability of the Uranium Minerals’ published in the Journal of Chemical Physics vol 25 1956 pp 781–782 and 1295–1296 A type Ia supernova explosion always yielding 4 x 1028 megatons of TNT equivalent results from the critical mass effect of the collapse of a white dwarf as soon as its mass exceeds 14 solar masses due to matter falling in from a companion star The degenerate electron gas in the white dwarf is then no longer able to support the pressure from the weight of gas which collapses thereby releasing enough gravitational potential energy as heat and pressure to cause the fusion of carbon and oxygen into heavy elements creating massive amounts of radioactive nuclides particularly intensely radioactive nickel-56 but half of all other nuclides including uranium and heavier are also produced by the ‘R’ rapid process of successive neutron captures by fusion products in supernovae explosions Type Ia supernovae occur typically every 400 years in the Milky Way galaxy On 4 July 1054 Chinese astronomers observed in the sky without optical instruments the bright supernova in the constellation Taurus which today is still visible as the Crab Nebula through telescopes The Crab Nebula debris has a diameter now of 7 light years and is still expanding at 800 miles/second The supernova debris shock wave triggers star formation when it encounters hydrogen gas in space by compressing it and seeding it with debris bright stars are observed in the Orion Halo the 300 light year diameter remains of a supernova It is estimated that when the solar system was forming 4540 million years ago a supernova occurred around 100 light years away and the heavy radioactive debris shock wave expanded at 1000 miles/second Most of the heavy elements including iron silicon and calcium in the Earth and people are the stable end products of originally radioactive decay chains from the space burst fallout of a 7 x 1026 megatons thermonuclear explosion created by fusion and successive neutron captures after the implosion of a white dwarf a supernova explosion How would a 1055 megaton hydrogen bomb explosion differ from the big bang Ignorant answers biased in favour of curved spacetime ignoring quantum gravity! abound such as claims that explosions can’t take place in ‘outer space’ disagreeing with the facts from nuclear space bursts by Russia and America in 1962 not to mention natural supernova explosions in space! and that explosions produce sound waves in air by definition! There are indeed major differences in the nuclear reactions between the big bang and a nuclear bomb But it is helpful to notice the solid physical fact that implosion systems suggest the mechanism of gravitation: in implosion TNT is well-known to produce an inward force on a bomb core but Newton’s 3rd law says there is an equal and opposite reaction force outward In fact you can’t have a radially outward force without an inward reaction force! It’s the rocket principle The rocket accelerates with force F ma forward by virtue of the recoil from accelerating the exhaust gas with force F -ma in the opposite direction! Nothing massive accelerates without an equal and opposite reaction force Applying this fact to the measured 6 x 10-10 ms-2 Hc cosmological acceleration of matter radially outward from observers in the universe which was predicted accurately in 1996 and later observationally discovered in 1999 by Perlmutter et al we find an outward force F ma and inward reaction force by the 3rd law The inward force allows quantitative predictions and is mediated by gravitons predicting gravitation in a checkable way unlike string theory which is just a landscape of 10500 different perturbative theories and so can’t make any falsifiable predictions about gravity So it seems as if nuclear explosions do indeed provide helpful analogies to natural features of the world and the mainstream lambda-CDM model of cosmology – with its force-fitted unobserved ad hoc speculative ‘dark energy’ – ignores and sweeps under the rug major quantum gravity effects which increase the physical understanding of particle physics particularly force unification and the relation of gravitation to the existing electroweak SU2 x U1 section of the Standard Model of fundamental forces Richard Lieu Physics Department University of Alabama ‘Lambda-CDM cosmology: how much suppression of credible evidence and does the model really lead its competitors using all evidence’ Even Einstein grasped the possibility that general relativity’s lambda-CDM model is at best just a classical approximation to quantum field theory at the end of his life when he wrote to Besso in 1954: ‘I consider it quite possible that physics cannot be based on the classical differential equation field principle ie on continuous structures In that case nothing remains of my entire castle in the air non-quantum gravitation theory included ’ ‘Science is the organized skepticism in the reliability of expert opinion’ – Professor Richard P Feynman quoted by Professor Lee Smolin The Trouble with Physics Houghton-Mifflin New York 2006 p 307 ‘The expression of dissenting views may not seem like much of a threat to a powerful organization yet sometimes it triggers an amazingly hostile response The reason is that a single dissenter can puncture an illusion of unanimity Among those suppressed have been the engineers who tried to point out problems with the Challenger space shuttle that caused it to blow up More fundamentally suppression is a denial of the open dialogue and debate that are the foundation of a free society Even worse than the silencing of dissidents is the chilling effect such practices have on others For every individual who speaks out numerous others decide to play it safe and keep quiet More serious than external censorship is the problem of self-censorship’ — Professor Brian Martin University of Wollongong ‘Stamping Out Dissent’ Newsweek 26 April 1993 pp 49-50 In 1896 Sir James Mackenzie-Davidson asked Wilhelm Röntgen who discovered X-rays in 1895: ‘What did you think’ Röntgen replied: ‘I did not think I investigated’ The reason Cathode ray expert J J Thomson in 1894 saw glass fluorescence far from a tube but due to prejudice expert opinion he avoided investigating that X-ray evidence! ‘Science is the organized skepticism in the reliability of expert opinion’ – Richard Feynman in Lee Smolin The Trouble with Physics Houghton-Mifflin 2006 p 307 Mathematical symbols in this blog: your computer’s browser needs access to standard character symbol sets to display Greek symbols for mathematical physics If you don’t have the symbol character sets installed the density symbol ‘r’ Rho will appear as ‘r’ and the ‘p’ Pi symbol will as ‘p’ causing confusion with the use of ‘r’ for radius and ‘p’ for momentum in formulae This problem exists with Mozilla Firefox 3 but not with Microsoft Explorer which displays Greek symbols About Me Name: nige Currently designing secure active server page ASP front ends for client SQL databases In 1982 I began programming in basic and at college learned Fortran while a physics undergraduate a decade later Afterwards I switched from mainstream physics and mathematical education to part-time programming student while working in a series of jobs including four years in credit control wwwquantumfieldtheoryorg View my complete profile From 1945-62 America tested 216 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 154 megatons with a mean yield of 713 kilotons From 1949-62 Russia tested 214 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 281 megatons with a mean yield of 131 megatons From 1952-8 Britain tested 21 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 108 megatons with a mean yield of 514 kilotons From 1960-74 France tested 46 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 114 megatons with a mean yield of 248 kilotons From 1964-80 China tested 23 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 215 megatons with a mean yield of 935 kilotons In summary from 1945-80 America Russia Britain France and China tested 520 nuclear weapons in the atmosphere totalling 4787 megatons with a mean yield of 921 kilotons Mean yield of the 5192 nuclear warheads and bombs in the deployed Russian nuclear stockpile as of January 2009: 0317 Mt Total yield: 1646 Mt Mean yield of the 4552 nuclear warheads and bombs in the deployed US nuclear stockpile as of January 2007: 0257 Mt Total yield: 1172 Mt For diffraction damage where damage areas scale as the two-thirds power of explosive yield this stockpile’s area damage potential can be compared to the 20000000 conventional bombs of 100 kg size 2 megatons of TNT equivalent total energy dropped on Germany during World War II: Total nuclear bomb blast diffraction damaged ground area/Total conventional blast diffraction damaged ground area to Germany during World War II 45520257 Mt2/3/2000000000000001 Mt2/3 1840/431 43 Thus although the entire US stockpile has a TNT energy equivalent to 586 times that of the 2 megatons of conventional bombs dropped on Germany in World War II it is only capable of causing 43 times as much diffraction type damage area because any given amount of explosive energy is far more efficient when distributed over many small explosions than in a single large explosion! Large explosions are inefficient because they cause unintended collateral damage wasting energy off the target area and injuring or damaging unintended targets! In a controlled sample of 36500 survivors 89 people got leukemia over a 40 year period above the number in the unexposed control group Data: Radiation Research volume 146 1996 pages 1-27 Over 40 years in 36500 survivors monitored there were 176 leukemia deaths which is 89 more than the control unexposed group got naturally There were 4687 other cancer deaths but that was merely 339 above the number in the control unexposed group so this is statistically a much smaller rise than the leukemia result Natural leukemia rates which are very low in any case were increased by 51 in the irradiated survivors but other cancers were merely increased by just 7 Adding all the cancers together the total was 4863 cancers virtually all natural cancer nothing whatsoever to do with radiation which is just 428 more than the unexposed control group Hence the total increase over the natural cancer rate due to bomb exposure was only 9 spread over a period of 40 years There was no increase whatsoever in genetic malformations There should be a note here about how unnatural radioactive pollution is not in space: the earth’s atmosphere is a radiation shield equivalent to being protected behind a layer of water 10 metres thick This reduces the cosmic background radiation by a factor of 100 of what it would be without the earth’s atmosphere Away from the largely uninhabited poles the Earth’s magnetic field also protects us against charged cosmic radiations which are deflected and end up spiralling around the magnetic field at high altitude in the Van Allen trapped radiation belts On the Moon for example there is no atmosphere or significant magnetic field so the natural background radiation exposure rate at solar minimum is 1 milliRoentgen per hour about 10 microSieverts/hour some 100 times that on the Earth 0010 milliRoentgen per hour or about 010 microSieverts/hour The Apollo astronauts visiting the Moon wore dosimeters and they received an average of 275 milliRoentgens about 275 milliSieverts of radiation well over a year’s exposure to natural background at sea level in over just 195 days It is a lot more than that during a solar flare which is one of the concerns for astronauts to avoid micrometeorites are another concern in a soft spacesuit The higher up you are above sea level the less of the atmosphere there is between you and space so the less shielding you have to protect you from the intense cosmic space radiations emitted by thermonuclear reactors we call ‘stars’ as well as distant supernovae explosions At sea level the air above you constitutes a radiation shield of 10 tons per square metre or the equivalent of having a 10 metres thick water shield between you and outer space As you go up a mountain or up in an aircraft the amount of atmosphere between you and space decreases thus radiation levels increase with altitude because there is less shielding The normal background radiation exposure rate shoots up by a factor of 20 from 0010 to 020 milliRoentgens per hour when any airplane ascends from sea level to 36000 feet cruising altitude The now obsolete British Concorde supersonic transport used to maintain radiation-monitoring equipment so that it could drop to lower-altitude flight routes if excessive cosmic radiation due to solar storms were detected Flight aircrew get more radiation exposure than many nuclear industry workers at nuclear power plants Residents of the high altitude city of Denver get 100 milliRoentgens about 1 milliSievert more annual exposure than a resident of Washington DC but the mainstream anti-radiation cranks don’t campaign for the city to be shut to save kids radiation exposure for mountain climbing to be banned etc! 1994 revised Introduction to Kearny’s Nuclear War Survival Skills by Dr Edward Teller January 14 1994: ‘If defense is neglected these weapons of attack become effective They become available and desirable in the eyes of an imperialist dictator even if his means are limited Weapons of mass destruction could become equalizers between nations big and small highly developed and primitive if defense is neglected If defense is developed and if it is made available for general prevention of war weapons of aggression will become less desirable Thus defense makes war itself less probable One psychological defense mechanism against danger is to forget about it This attitude is as common as it is disastrous It may turn a limited danger into a fatal difficulty’ Advice of Robert Watson-Watt Chief Scientist on the World War II British Radar Project defending Britain against enemy attacks: ‘Give them the third best to go on with the second best comes too late the best never comes’ From Wikipedia a source of groupthink: ‘Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing analyzing and evaluating ideas Individual creativity uniqueness and independent thinking are lost in the pursuit of group cohesiveness as are the advantages of reasonable balance in choice and thought that might normally be obtained by making decisions as a group During groupthink members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking A variety of motives for this may exist such as a desire to avoid being seen as foolish or a desire to avoid embarrassing or angering other members of the group Groupthink may cause groups to make hasty irrational decisions where individual doubts are set aside for fear of upsetting the group’s balance’ 1
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